EP0809714A1 - Modifikatoren für aldoximeextraktant von edelmetallen - Google Patents

Modifikatoren für aldoximeextraktant von edelmetallen

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Publication number
EP0809714A1
EP0809714A1 EP96903718A EP96903718A EP0809714A1 EP 0809714 A1 EP0809714 A1 EP 0809714A1 EP 96903718 A EP96903718 A EP 96903718A EP 96903718 A EP96903718 A EP 96903718A EP 0809714 A1 EP0809714 A1 EP 0809714A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reagent composition
extraction reagent
modifier
carbon atoms
copper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96903718A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0809714A4 (de
Inventor
Michael J. Virnig
Phillip L. Mattison
Leroy O. Krbechek
Murdoch Mackenzie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel Corp
Original Assignee
Henkel Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel Corp filed Critical Henkel Corp
Publication of EP0809714A1 publication Critical patent/EP0809714A1/de
Publication of EP0809714A4 publication Critical patent/EP0809714A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C251/00—Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C251/32—Oximes
    • C07C251/34—Oximes with oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals
    • C07C251/48—Oximes with oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals with the carbon atom of at least one of the oxyimino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C22B3/30—Oximes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the extraction of metal values from aqueous solutions and in particular to modifiers for aldoxime extractant employed for extraction of metals, particularly copper values.
  • the present invention relates generally to solvent extraction processes for recovery of metal values from aqueous solutions and, more particularly, to formulative procedures for developing improved solvent extraction reagents and to the use of such reagents in recovery of, e.g., copper values.
  • the starting material for large scale solvent extraction processing of copper is an aqueous leach solution obtained from a body of ore which contains a mixture of metals in addition to copper.
  • the leaching medium dissolves salts of copper and other metals as it trickles through the ore, to provide an aqueous solution of the mixture of metal values.
  • the metal values are usually leached with sulfuric acid medium, providing an acidic aqueous solution, but can also be leached by ammonia to provide a basic aqueous solution.
  • the aqueous solution is mixed in tanks with an extraction reagent which is dissolved in an organic solvent, e.g. , a kerosene.
  • the reagent includes an extractant chemical which selectively forms metal- extractant complex with the copper ions in preference to ions of other metals.
  • the step of forming the complex is called the extraction or loading stage of the solvent extraction process.
  • phase separation The process of extraction is repeated through two or more mixer/settler stages, in order to more completely extract the desired metal.
  • the depleted aqueous feedstock (raffinate) is either discharged or recirculated to the ore body for further leaching.
  • the loaded organic phase containing the dissolved copper-extractant complex is fed to another set of mixer tanks, where it is mixed with an aqueous strip solution of concentrated sulfuric acid.
  • the highly acid strip solution breaks apart the copper- extractant complex and permits the purified and concentrated copper to pass to the strip aqueous phase.
  • the mixture is fed to another settler tank for phase separation. This process of breaking the copper-extractant complex is called the stripping stage, and the stripping operation is repeated through two or more mixer-settler stages to more completely strip the copper from the organic phase.
  • the regenerated stripped organic phase is recycled to the extraction mixers to begin extraction again, and the strip aqueous phase is customarily fed to an electrowinning tank-house, where the copper metal values are deposited on plates by a process of electrodeposition.
  • the solution known as spent electrolyte, is returned to the stripping mixers to begin stripping again.
  • Modifiers of extraction and stripping equilibria are frequently incorporated in those commercial reagent formulations which include the so-called "strong" extractants. Such extractants are capable of forming a very stable complex association with copper at quite low pH's and, consequently, require the use of very highly acidic aqueous stripping solutions in order to effect the breakdown of the copper-extractant complex. Where extreme acidity of stripping solutions generates problems in employing conventional electrodeposition processes, modifiers are incorporated to shift equilibria in a manner facilitating stripping at lower acidities and to enhance overall metal extraction efficiency.
  • a wide variety of modifier chemicals has been proposed for use in formulation of solvent extraction reagents for copper. These have included: long chain (C 6 to C 20 ) aliphatic alcohols such as isodecanol, 2-ethylhexanol, and tridecanol; long chain alkyl phenols such as nonylphenol.
  • the minor proportion of kinetic additive present with the hydroxy aryl ketoxime extractant in the LIX®64N reagent formulation provides for kinetic enhancement in the use of the ketoxime
  • the additive is less stable toward hydrolytic degradation than the ketoxime.
  • the aliphatic ⁇ -hydroxy oxime thus tends to be depleted from continuous system more rapidly than the ketoxime.
  • hydroxy aryl aldoxime extractants are less stable in use than ketoximes and are rendered even more unstable by the presence of large quantities of nonylphenol.
  • Alkyl phenol equilibrium modifiers have also been noted to have severe deleterious effects on structural components of solvent extraction facilities, such as rubber linings, fittings, valves and the like.
  • the combination of the modifier used in the extractant, with the contaminants present in the aqueous feedstock results in the generation of interfacial crud which must be continually removed from the solvent extraction circuit.
  • U.S. Patent 4,507,268 to Henkel Corporation describes extraction reagents formulated with various oxime extractants, including hydroxyaryl aldoxime extractants, which are employed in water immiscible organic solvents, such as kerosene, with certain equilibrium modifiers such as, phenols and alcohols (tridecanol, a commercially available branched chain alcohol) or tributyl phosphate.
  • hydroxyaryl aldoxime extractants which are employed in water immiscible organic solvents, such as kerosene
  • certain equilibrium modifiers such as, phenols and alcohols (tridecanol, a commercially available branched chain alcohol) or tributyl phosphate.
  • the patentee developed a "degree of modification" test.
  • degree of modification designates the inverse ratio of (a) the stripped solvent copper level of an hydroxy aryl aldoxime extractant at equilibrium (expressed in terms of grams per liter of copper) extracted with an aqueous solution containing a fixed concentration of copper and sulfuric acid to (b) the stripped solvent copper level of the same extractant under the same conditions when a selected equilibrium modifier additive is present. Consistent with this definition, the presence of relatively small quantities of an equilibrium modifier will shift the extraction equilibrium slightly, resulting in minor diminution of aldoxime stripped solvent copper level at equilibrium, as will be reflected by a degree of modification value closely approaching 1.0, e.g., 0.99. Increased effective quantities of modifier under otherwise identical conditions will result in a more pronounced shift in extraction equilibrium and a more pronounced diminution of aldoxime stripped solvent copper level at equilibrium, as will be reflected by a degree of modification corresponding less than 1.0.
  • the degree of modification resulting from a given molar ratio of equilibrium modifier to aldoxime in a reagent will vary depending on various factors, most significantly the chemical identity and nature of the equilibrium modifier, but also the conditions involved in determining the degree of modification of an aldoxime by a given equilibrium modifier.
  • the temperature at which the determination is made should be about 24°C.
  • the molar concentration of aldoxime (or mixture of aldoximes) in the diluent should be about 0.184 as determined by copper loading and titration and an aldoxime stock of approximately 94 percent purity (with the remainder being substantially alkyl phenol starting material residue) should be employed.
  • the diluent should be Escaid 100 or a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons closely approximating the constitution of Escaid 100.
  • An atomic absorption methodology should be employed for determining copper content.
  • the composition of the strip solution should be 150 g/l sulfuric acid and 30 g/l Cu *2 .
  • U.S. Patent 4,142,952 similarly employed a mixture of 5-nonylphenols as a modifier for oximes such as 5-nonyl or 5-heptyl salicylaldoxime.
  • U.S. patent 4,978,785 described the use of branched chain aliphatic or aromatic-aliphatic (or aliphatic) alcohols containing 14 to 30 carbon atoms or aliphatic or aromatic-aliphatic esters containing 10 to 30 carbon atoms wherein the ratio of the number of methyl carbon atoms to the number of non-methyl carbon atoms is higher than 1:5.
  • Figure 1 is a graph representation of the modifier evaluation of extraction points of mixtures of nonylphenol (NP) and trioctylphosphate (TOP) with dodecyl salicylaldoxime extractant (DSAdO) .
  • NP nonylphenol
  • TOP trioctylphosphate
  • DSAdO dodecyl salicylaldoxime extractant
  • Figure 2 is a similar graph representation of the strip point of the mixture of NP and TOP.
  • FIG 3 is another graph representation of the modifier evaluation extraction points of mixtures of isotridecanol (TDA) and trioctylphosphate (TOP) with dodecylsalicylaldoxime extractant (DSAdO) .
  • Figure 4 is a similar graph representation of the modifier strip point of the mixtures of TDA, and TOP with DSAdO.
  • the present invention provides alternative equilibrium modifiers for use with aldoxime extractants such as the hydroxy aryl aldoxime extractants. Efficient copper recovery is achieved by reagents which comprise mixtures of hydroxy aryl aldoximes and the modifiers to be described hereafter in more detail.
  • Hydroxy aryl aldoxime extractants with which the modifiers of the present invention are particularly useful are those of the formula
  • R is a saturated aliphatic group of about 1 to about 25 carbon atoms or an ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic group of 3 to about 25 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms in R a is from 3 to about 25.
  • Preferred compounds are those wherein a is l, and R is a straight or branched chain alkyl group having from about 7 to about 12 carbon atoms and wherein R is attached in a position para to the hydroxyl group.
  • R is a mixture of isomers.
  • Compounds which are especially useful include 2-hydroxy-5-heptylbenzaldoxime, 2-hydroxy-5-octyl benzaldoxime, 2-hydroxy-5-nonylbenzaldoxime and 2-hydroxy- 5-dodecylbenzaldoxime.
  • the present invention relates to reagent compositions, which are suitable for extracting copper from aqueous solutions containing copper values, i.e., copper salts, and to the process of extracting copper using such compositions.
  • the extraction reagent compositions comprise a mixture of an hydroxy aryl aldoxime extractant and certain equilibrium modifiers in which the equilibrium modifier is present in an amount to provide a net copper transfer greater than that achieved by extraction with the aldoxime alone, without the presence of the modifier.
  • a kinetic additive may optionally also be included.
  • the reagent composition may optionally contain a kinetic additive in an amount of 0 to about 20 mole percent based on the aldoxime content.
  • Such kinetic additives are well known to those skilled in the oxime extraction art for extracting copper, such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,507,268 to Kordosky et al., including o-hydroxy oxime prepared according to Swanson, U.S. Patent 3,224,873 or U.K. Patent 1,537,828 and ⁇ , ⁇ -dioximes according to Koenders et al. , U.S. Patent 4,173,616.
  • a preferred ⁇ - hydroxy oxime kinetic additive is 5,8-diethyl-7-hydroxy dodecane-6-oxime and a preferred dioxime kinetic additive is a mixture of l-(4 -alkylphenyl)-l,2-propanedione dioximes, according to Example 3 of U.S. Patent 4,176,616.
  • Patent 4,928,788 also describes as modifiers certain branched chain aliphatic or aromatic aliphatic alcohols containing 14 to about 30 carbon atoms and certain aliphatic or aromatic aliphatic esters containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein the ratio of the number of methyl carbon atoms to the number of non-methyl carbon atoms is higher than 1:5.
  • the present invention accordingly provides alternative modifiers to those used in the past, which provide at least equivalent, and in many cases, improved results, in the net copper transfer, to those modifiers employed in the past.
  • the present modifiers may optionally be employed in admixture with those used in the past to further modify the results.
  • the modifiers of the present invention are employed in an amount to provide a net copper transfer greater than that achieved in the absence of the modifier.
  • the amount of modifier can be further defined by means of the degree of modification determined as described in that patent and as earlier noted in the Related Art section above.
  • the useful and preferred range of degree of modification will vary dependent on the particular modifier compound and it is accordingly difficult to define a general range which will apply to all the individual modifiers, other than as the amount thereof being an amount effective to provide a net copper transfer greater than that achieved in the absence of the modifier.
  • the most desirable, useful degree of modification range was from about 0.75 up to, but less than, about 1.0, preferably from about 0.90 and approaching, but not including 1.0, i.e., 0.99, whereas with modifiers other than the phenols, such as alcohols, like tridecanol, or alkylphosphates, such as tributylphosphate, the useful range of degree of modification may be from about 0.66 or even lower up to, but less than, 1.0.
  • the alternative modifiers of the present invention are a widely diverse group of compounds, including, but not limited to, certain simple carboxylic acid esters, oximes, nitriles, ketones, amides (carboxamides, sulfonamides or phosphora ides) , carbamates, sulfoxides, ureas, and phosphine oxides, all of which are found to be efficient modifiers for aldoxime extractant reagents in the process of extracting copper values from aqueous solutions, particularly copper containing acid leach solutions.
  • the invention accordingly has several aspects.
  • the invention is concerned with the reagent composition comprised of the water-insoluble aldoxime extractant formulated with at least one of the equilibrium modifiers noted earlier, optionally with a kineti additive.
  • the reagents are formulated wit organic solvent solution of water-insoluble, wate immiscible aliphatic or aromatic solvents for use in process for the recovery of a metal, preferably copper fro aqueous solutions, typically acid solutions, which proces comprises:
  • a wide variety of essentially water-immiscible liqui hydrocarbon solvents can be used in the copper recover process of the present invention. These include aliphati and aromatic hydrocarbons such as kerosene, benzene, toluene, xylene and the like.
  • a choice of essentially water-immiscible liquid hydrocarbon solvents, or mixtures thereof for commercial operations will depend on a number of factors, including the plant design of the solvent extraction plant (mixer-settler units, Podbielna extractors) and the like.
  • the preferred solvents for use in the recovery process of the present invention are the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons having flash points of 130 degrees Fahrenheit and higher, and preferably at least 150°, and solubilities in water of less than 0.1% by weight.
  • the solvents are essentially chemically inert.
  • Representative commercial available solvents are Chevron ion exchange solvent (available from Standard Oil of California, having a flash point 195°F, Escaid 100 and 110 (available from Exxon-Europe having a flash point of 180°F) , Norpar 12 (available from Exxon-USA, flash point 160°F) , Conoco-C1214 (available from Conoco, flash point 160°F) , Aromatic 150 (an aromatic kerosene available from Exxon-USA, flash point 150°F) , and the other various kerosene and petroleum fractions available from other oil companies.
  • Chevron ion exchange solvent available from Standard Oil of California, having a flash point 195°F
  • Escaid 100 and 110 available from Exxon-Europe having a flash point of 180°F
  • Norpar 12 available from Exxon-USA, flash point 160°F
  • Conoco-C1214 available from Conoco, flash point 160°F
  • Aromatic 150 an aromatic kerosene available from Exxon-USA,
  • the organic solvent solutions will preferably contain from about 0.005 up to about 75% by weight of the aldoxime compounds, which typically will be employed at about 10-15%. Additionally, volume ratios of the organic:aqueous (0:A) phase will vary widely since the contacting of any quantity of the aldoxime organic solution with the copper containing aqueous leach solution will result in extraction of the copper values into the organic phase. For commercial practicality, however, the organic:aqueous phase ratios for extraction are preferably in the range of about 50:1 to 1:50.
  • the copper is recovered from the organic phase by contacting the organic phase with an aqueous acid solution to strip the metal from the organic phase.
  • the organic:aqueous phase ratios are preferably in the range of about 50:1 to 1:50, after which the copper is recovered from the aqueous strip solution by conventional methods, typically electrowinning or precipitation.
  • the "degree of modification” is defined as the inverse ratio of (a) the stripped solvent copper concentration of an aldoxime extractant at equilibrium (g/l Cu) extracted from an aqueous solution containing 30 g/ Cu, 150 g/l H 2 S0 4 to (b) the stripped solvent coppe concentration of the same extractant under the sam conditions when a selected equilibrium modifier i present.
  • Strip Point Determination a) Pipette 10 ml of strip Can use a graduate solution and 10 ml of instead of a modifier solution into pipette. a 30 or 60 ml separatory funnel. b) Shake for 3 minutes and let phases separate. c) Drain aqueous phase and add 10 ml of fresh strip solution. d) Repeat from b) above for a total of three contacts with fresh strip solution. e) Filter the organic phase through IPS paper. f) Analyze the organic for copper concentration via AA.
  • Example 1 l The extraction isotherm point was determined by shaking 50 ml of fresh organic (0.188 M 5- nonylsalicylaldoxime and the indicated amount of modifier dissolved in Escaid 200, an aliphatic kerosene) with 50 ml of an aqueous feed solution containing 6 gpl of copper and 3 gpl of iron (III) as the sulfates with a pH of 1.9 for 30 minutes. The phases were separated, the organic was filtered, and then the copper content of the loaded organic phase was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
  • Vesatic acids a mixture of highly branched, mainly tertiary monocarboxylic acids having an average of 10 carbon atoms, a boiling range of 140°C-162°C at 20 min, and a flash point of 120°C (C.O.C. ) .
  • Example 2 In substantially the same manner as Example 1, a number of modifier compounds were screened and evaluated for the effects of varying modifier concentrations which can be seen from Table 3 below. The modifier screening procedure in the interim was as follow:
  • Strip solution 30 g/l CU. 150 g/l H 2 S0 4 in D.I. water.
  • Extraction solution 6 g/l Cu, 6 g/l Fe, pH 1.50 in D.I water.
  • Escaid 100 solutions of 0.176 molar DSAdO and modifier were prepared.
  • the modifier levels tested were 0.025, 0.075, 0.10, and 0.20 molar.
  • Each modifier solution and one additional solution containing only 0.176 molar DSAdO were tested as follows:
  • the compounds of the present invention showed net copper transfer increases to above 3.0, and even exceeding 4.0 g/l at molarities varying from about 0.02 to about 0.25 with degrees of modification from about 0.2 up to about 0.95.
  • the mole ratio of modifier/aldoxime will typically vary from about 0.2 to about 1.5, preferably from about 0.5 to about 1.2.
  • the degree of modification will vary dependent on the particular modifier and aldoxime employed as the extractant. Typically however, the degree of modification as defined herein will vary between about 0.25 and approach 1.0, i.e., up to about 0.99, and preferably within the range of about 0.3 to about 0.9.
  • modifiers fall within a variety of diverse classes of compounds, such as, alcohols and esters, polyethers, ester-ethers, oximes, ketones, nitriles, carbamates, amides, and salts of certain amine (trialkyl amines) and quaternary ammonium compounds, which modifier compounds contain aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic groups having from about 4 to about 36 carbon atoms, the total number of carbon atoms in the compounds being sufficient to render the compounds water insoluble and soluble in the water insoluble and water immiscible hydrocarbon solvents employed for use with the water insoluble aldoxime.
  • modifier compounds such as tridecanol, and those long chain branched alcohols and esters having up to 30 carbon atoms with a ratio of methyl groups to non-methyl groups above 1:5.
  • the modifier compounds of the present invention may, if desired, be employed admixed with the modifiers employed in the past, such as phenols, tridecanol and other fatty alcohols and tributylphosphate, the highly branched alcohols or esters having a ratio of methyl to non-methyl groups above 1:5.
  • nonyl anisole also excluded from the ether class is nonyl anisole. While, based on the other ethers exemplified, nonyl anisole might be expected to be useful as a modifier, as can be seen from Table 3 in particular, nonyl anisole appears to have an adverse effect on net copper transfer, showing a net copper transfer of only 1.87 g/l at mole ratios of modifier to aldoxime from 0.25 to 0.75, thus being substantially ineffective in view of the fact that the absence of any modifier resulted in a net copper transfer of 2.0 g/l. This does serve to illustrate however the unpredictability from one compound to another as to its utility as a modifier for aldoxime extractants in the process of recovery of copper from aqueous solutions containing copper, particularly aqueous acid solutions.
  • the carboxylic acid amides were synthesized by a typical Schotten-Baumann type procedure.
  • the desired starting amine (0.8 mole) and triethylamine (0.8 moles) were placed in a one liter round bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer, addition funnel, and thermometer. The mixture was stirred and the corresponding carboxylic acid chloride (0.6 moles) added over a period of 30 minutes. Toluene was added as needed to keep the reaction mixture stirrable. The temperature was allowed to rise to 85°C. After addition was complete, the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for an additional 1-2 hours.
  • the mixture was then cooled, washed three times with equal volumes of 5% by weight aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and then three times with equal volumes of water.
  • the product was then distilled under vacuum.
  • the heartcut was identified by IR and NMR spectroscopy.
  • the carboxylic acid esters were prepared by a strong acid catalyzed condensation of the carboxylic acid with the alcohol.
  • the carboxylic acid (0.7 moles), alcohol (0.85 moles), p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.5 g) and toluene (25 ml) were placed in a 500 ml round bottom flask fitted with a stirrer and a Dean Stark trap for water removal.
  • the reaction mixture was heated to reflux and then held at reflux until the theoretical amount of water had been collected.
  • the reaction mixture was then cooled, washed twice with 5% by aqueous sodium carbonate and twice with water.
  • the crude product was then fractionally distilled under vacuum.
  • the heartcut was collected and its identity confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy.
  • the starting sulfide was prepared by the reaction of 2-ethylhexyl chloride with sodium sulfide (See Reid, "Organic Chemistry of Bivalent Sulfur", Vol. 2, pp 16-21, 24-29, and Vol 3, pp 11-14 (I960)).
  • the di-2- ethylhexylsulfide (0.775 moles) and acetone (1500 ml) were then placed in a magnetically stirred flask and 30% hydrogen peroxide added over a period of 10 minutes.
  • the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 48 hours.
  • a 10% by weight aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite (350 ml) was then added to the flask along with 350 ml of water.
  • the resultant mixture was extracted with ether.
  • the ether extract was washed with water, then saturated sodium chloride solution, dried and evaporated to a clear oil.
  • IR analysis established that oxidation was not complete and the entire procedure was repeated.
  • the final product was judged to be of high quality based on IR analysis.
  • the alkyl carbonates were prepared by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate with a higher molecular weight alcohol. A mixture of the alcohol (4.1 moles), dimethyl carbonate (2.0 moles) and potassium carbonate (0.84 g) was heated to reflux and the methanol was slowly distilled,away. The excess alcohol and unreacted dimethyl carbonate were then removed under vacuum and the product distilled under vacuum. The product was identified by IR and NMR spectroscopy.
  • Aliquat® 336 methylquat of Alamine® 336) , available from Henkel Corp, with dinonylnapthalenesulfonic acid, available from Pfaltz and Bauer, was prepared by mixing equivalent amounts of the Aliquat 336 with the acid in kerosene and washing with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution.
  • Nonyl anisole was prepared from nonylphenol, available from Jefferson Chemicals, and methyl iodide under typical Williamson ether synthesis conditions.
  • Nonylphenol 1.0 mole
  • methyl iodide 1.2 moles
  • potassium carbonate (1.25 moles)
  • acetone a round bottom flask
  • the reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ether.
  • the ether extract was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried and evaporated to an oil which was then purified by vacuum distillation.
  • the product was analyzed as nonyl anisole by IR and NMR spectroscopy.
  • Dodecylacetophenone oxime was prepared as described in European patent Application 557274.
  • Example 10 Preparation of C21 Dinitrile
  • Oleonitrile was prepared from oleic acid in same fashion as was the C-21 dinitrile above.
  • the aqueous phase was back washed with hexane which was combined with the first hexane extract and stripped of volatiles at reduced pressure to leave 44 g of product which contained about 80% benzyl-2-butoxyethyl ether, 6% 2-butoxyethanol, 7% benzylchloride and 3% methyl benzyl ether.
  • This was distilled to yield 1.4 g of forecut, BP to 80° C @ 0.6 mm which was discarded and 34 g of heart cut, BP 80° C @ 0.6 mm. The heart cut was judged to contain about 91% desired product.
  • a mixture of 1,592 g (12.3 moles) of 2-ethylhexylamine and 261 g (4.35 moles) of urea was heated at reflux temperature for 24 hr. The mixture was cooled and about 420 g of 2-ethylhexyl amine was removed by distillation at pot temperatures of 115-200° C/l mm pressure. The residue was subject to a two pass distillation on a wiped film evaporator. The first pass produced 112 g of distillate at 200° C/0.3 mbar pressure which was discarded. The residue was distilled at 230° C/0.25 mbar to produce 1,035 g of product.
  • Cut I BP to 135° C, 3.7 G discarded.
  • Cut II BP 135-145° C, 60 G GC/IR showed 1% acyloin and 92% diketone.
  • Cut III 145° C/l mm pressure, 16 g; GC/IR found 10% acyloin and 78% diketone.
  • N-tolyl isotridecylcarbamate can be produced in a similar manner from p-tolyl isocyanate and isotridecyl alcohol.
  • Another example of a mixture of modifier is the mixture of 0.01 molar tertiary amine, Alamine® 308/p- toluene sulfonic acid salt (ptsa) with various levels of isotridecanol (TDA) .
  • TDA isotridecanol

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EP96903718A 1995-02-16 1996-02-12 Modifikatoren für aldoximeextraktant von edelmetallen Withdrawn EP0809714A4 (de)

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US38983295A 1995-02-16 1995-02-16
US389832 1995-02-16
PCT/US1996/001116 WO1996025525A1 (en) 1995-02-16 1996-02-12 Modifiers for aldoxime extractant of metal values

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EP0809714A4 EP0809714A4 (de) 1998-05-06

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CN (1) CN1175982A (de)
AR (1) AR000969A1 (de)
AU (1) AU706964B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2213102C (de)
MX (1) MX9704984A (de)
PE (1) PE60796A1 (de)
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ZA (1) ZA961155B (de)

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MX9704984A (es) 1997-10-31
PE60796A1 (es) 1997-01-07
WO1996025525A1 (en) 1996-08-22
ZA961155B (en) 1996-07-30
CN1175982A (zh) 1998-03-11
CA2213102C (en) 2009-01-27
AU4770996A (en) 1996-09-04
EP0809714A4 (de) 1998-05-06
CA2213102A1 (en) 1996-08-22
AR000969A1 (es) 1997-08-27
AU706964B2 (en) 1999-07-01

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