EP0806345B1 - Method of connecting a packaging container body with a cover member - Google Patents

Method of connecting a packaging container body with a cover member Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0806345B1
EP0806345B1 EP97106215A EP97106215A EP0806345B1 EP 0806345 B1 EP0806345 B1 EP 0806345B1 EP 97106215 A EP97106215 A EP 97106215A EP 97106215 A EP97106215 A EP 97106215A EP 0806345 B1 EP0806345 B1 EP 0806345B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
edge region
region
free end
edge
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97106215A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0806345A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Maerky
Marc Willig
Johannes Rehm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huber Packaging AG
Original Assignee
Huber Packaging AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huber Packaging AG filed Critical Huber Packaging AG
Priority to EP98202364A priority Critical patent/EP0882650B1/en
Priority to EP98202363A priority patent/EP0882649B1/en
Publication of EP0806345A1 publication Critical patent/EP0806345A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0806345B1 publication Critical patent/EP0806345B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner
    • B21D51/2653—Methods or machines for closing cans by applying caps or bottoms
    • B21D51/2661—Sealing or closing means therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner
    • B21D51/30—Folding the circumferential seam
    • B21D51/34—Folding the circumferential seam by pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B65B7/28—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by applying separate preformed closures, e.g. lids, covers
    • B65B7/2842—Securing closures on containers
    • B65B7/285—Securing closures on containers by deformation of the closure
    • B65B7/2857—Securing closures on containers by deformation of the closure and the container rim
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D43/00—Lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D43/02—Removable lids or covers
    • B65D43/0202—Removable lids or covers without integral tamper element
    • B65D43/0225—Removable lids or covers without integral tamper element secured by rotation
    • B65D43/0229—Removable lids or covers without integral tamper element secured by rotation only on the inside, or a part turned to the inside, of the mouth of the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D43/00—Lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D43/02—Removable lids or covers
    • B65D43/0235—Removable lids or covers with integral tamper element
    • B65D43/0285—Removable lids or covers with integral tamper element secured by rolling or other plastic deformation before removal of the tamper element
    • B65D43/0287—Removable lids or covers with integral tamper element secured by rolling or other plastic deformation before removal of the tamper element only on the outside, or a part turned to the outside, of the mouth of the container
    • B65D43/0295—Removable lids or covers with integral tamper element secured by rolling or other plastic deformation before removal of the tamper element only on the outside, or a part turned to the outside, of the mouth of the container leaving only an inside friction after removal of the tamper element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D45/00—Clamping or other pressure-applying devices for securing or retaining closure members
    • B65D45/32—Clamping or other pressure-applying devices for securing or retaining closure members for applying radial or radial and axial pressure, e.g. contractible bands encircling closure member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D7/00—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal
    • B65D7/12—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal characterised by wall construction or by connections between walls
    • B65D7/34—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal characterised by wall construction or by connections between walls with permanent connections between walls
    • B65D7/36—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal characterised by wall construction or by connections between walls with permanent connections between walls formed by rolling, or by rolling and pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2401/00—Tamper-indicating means
    • B65D2401/15—Tearable part of the closure
    • B65D2401/25—Non-metallic tear-off strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00018—Overall construction of the lid
    • B65D2543/00064—Shape of the outer periphery
    • B65D2543/00074—Shape of the outer periphery curved
    • B65D2543/00092—Shape of the outer periphery curved circular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00018—Overall construction of the lid
    • B65D2543/00259—Materials used
    • B65D2543/00277—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00342—Central part of the lid
    • B65D2543/00398—Reinforcing ribs in the central part of the closure
    • B65D2543/00416—Reinforcing ribs in the central part of the closure circular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00481—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
    • B65D2543/0049—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the inside, or a part turned to the inside of the mouth of the container
    • B65D2543/00509—Cup
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00481—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
    • B65D2543/00537—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the outside, or a part turned to the outside of the mouth of the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00481—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
    • B65D2543/00537—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the outside, or a part turned to the outside of the mouth of the container
    • B65D2543/00546—NO contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00481—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
    • B65D2543/00555—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on both the inside and the outside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00953—Sealing means
    • B65D2543/00962—Sealing means inserted
    • B65D2543/00972—Collars or rings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods according to the preamble of the claim 1.
  • a closing tool is known per se from CH 391 570 A. which the upper edge areas of an opening in the lid of a steel drum on the one hand and a closing member on the other hand without using a Circlips should be tightly connected. To these edge areas are initially hooked together parallel to the axis (Fig. 4). The edge areas are then driven by radially Cheek segments above and below an axially middle one, not too expanding ring zone expanded at an angle to the outside (Fig. 5). Once the closure member is open, the Do not close the opening again.
  • the invention has for its object the security of the closure Increase packaging containers so that they also pass the type examination with UN approval marking.
  • a support surface is created for the pressing tool, which the optimal shape of the closure area during of expanding.
  • This support effect is achieved according to claim 6 especially when Loads to be expected preferably from the radially outer side are.
  • Fig. 1 shows a part of a packaging container 1 with a lower part 2, whose upper opening 3 is sealed by a closure element 4 shall be.
  • the lower part 2 and the closure element 4 are made made of tinplate from e.g. 0.31mm thickness.
  • a first edge area 5 of the lower part 2 should have a second edge area 6 of the closure element 4 are tightly connected.
  • an angle 9 of e.g. 3 to 5 ° In the initial state exists between a first wall 7 of the first edge region 5 and a second wall 8 of the second edge region 6 an angle 9 of e.g. 3 to 5 °.
  • the angle 9 facilitates the insertion of the one hand Closure element 4 in the opening 3, as shown in Fig. 1, and on the other hand enables the closure elements 4 to be stacked one inside the other during storage and transportation.
  • a first free end region 10 of the first edge region 5 is as one External rolling trained.
  • a free end 11 of the outside curl lies opposite a radially outer section 12 of the outer curl.
  • a second free end region adjoins the second wall 8 at the top 13 of the second edge region 6.
  • the second free end region 13 ends in a curl 14 and carries an annular seal 15 which with the first free end portion 10 cooperates sealingly.
  • a radially outer one projects End of the second free end region 13 in a radially inward opening interior 16 of a locking ring 17 into it.
  • the in Fig. 1st recognizable unit from closure element 4 and locking ring 17 is pre-assembled and either manually or automatically in the opening 3 placed, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • an annular Press tool 18 (Fig. 3) an axial pressure force 19 to the sufficient Sealing compression of the ring seal 15 onto an upper edge 20 the locking ring 17 exercised.
  • the second Wall 8 is pushed a little deeper into opening 3 than this can be seen in Fig. 1.
  • the first free end area is pressed 10 correspondingly deeper into the ring seal 15.
  • the positive locking has come about according to FIG. that the first free end region 10 has moved in full over the lower flange 25.
  • the locking ring 17 can be in any known per se Be trained. It can e.g. around a tension ring act that can be easily opened and closed again.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates how the individual segments of the expanding tool 22 with a radial groove 28 on a radial guide ring 29 of the Pressing tool 18 are guided. So the segments of the expanding tool 22 in the directions of a double arrow 30 in the radial Direction to expand and move back to its rest position. This movement takes place through a central cone 31, the outer surface of which with a complementary sloping surface 32 of each segment of the Expanding tool 22 cooperates.
  • the cone 31 is parallel to Longitudinal axis 33 (Fig. 15) of the packaging container 1 in the directions a double arrow 34 driven in a manner not shown in detail.
  • the tools 18 and 22 and the cone 31 can be parallel to the longitudinal axis 33 in the directions of a double arrow 35 as a unit be moved.
  • the locking ring 17 is compared to the embodiment 1 and 2 modified in that an upper flange 36 of the locking ring 17 has a radially inner end portion 37 which is arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis 33 (FIG. 15).
  • the special one End section 37 facilitates the introduction of the compressive force 19 (Fig. 1) by the pressing tool 18 in the locking ring 17 and thus in the second edge area 6.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Package Closures (AREA)
  • Closing Of Containers (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The closure component (4) is first positioned with a ring seal (15) on the container edge area (5). Then an axial pressure force (19) is applied on the closure area, using a pressure tool until an adequate sealing compression of the ring seal is achieved. An expanding tool is then brought into contact with a radial inner side (21) of the closure edge area an expansion tool is brought into contact. The two edge areas are expanded by the expansion tool until a firm locking is achieved. In a further step, a free end area (10) of the container edge and a free end area (13) of the closure edge are radially expanded into a cavity (16) of a safety ring (17). The ratio between the container nominal diameter and the effective axial length of the expansion tool is between 15 and 25.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to methods according to the preamble of the claim 1.

Bei einem bekannten Verfahren dieser Art (CH-Patentschrift 642 316 A5 der Anmelderin) ergibt sich grundsätzlich ein sehr sicherer Verschluß des Verpackungsbehälters. Es wird ein Sicherungsring verwendet. Der bekannte Verpackungsbehälter ist jedoch noch nicht zur Verwendung für den Gefahrgutbereich gemäß UN geeignet. Dies gilt insbesondere für dünnflüssige Gefahrgüter.In a known method of this type (CH patent 642 316 A5 the applicant) results in a very secure closure of the packaging container. A circlip is used. Of the known packaging container is not yet for use for the hazardous goods area according to the UN. This applies in particular to low-viscosity dangerous goods.

Aus der DE 36 24 769 A1 ist es an sich bekannt, einen im Querschnitt im wesentlichen rechteckigen, schalenförmigen Behälter mit einem sich nach außen erstreckenden Umfangsflansch durch einen blattförmigen, ebenen Deckelzuschnitt aus einer Metallfolie zu verschließen. Dies geschieht mit einem in mehrere bewegliche Sektionen unterteilten Bördelrahmen. Mit den Sektionen wird der Rand des Deckelzuschnitts um den Umfangsflansch gebördelt. Dabei liegt ein Werkzeugoberteil auf dem Deckelabschnitt auf. Jede Sektion ist mit einem Gelenkviereck an einem stationären Halteteil angelenkt. Eine untere, hakenartige Bördelkante jeder Sektion wird bei einer axialen Verschließbewegung des Werkzeugs im Bogen von außen nach innen geführt und vollendet dabei die Randbördelung. From DE 36 24 769 A1 it is known per se, one in cross section essentially rectangular, bowl-shaped container with a outwardly extending circumferential flange through a leaf-shaped, to seal the flat lid blank from a metal foil. this happens with a crimp frame divided into several movable sections. With the sections, the edge of the lid blank is around the Flanged peripheral flange. There is an upper tool part on the Lid section. Each section is with a quadrilateral at one stationary holding part articulated. A lower, hook-like flange each section is in an axial closing movement of the tool guided in a curve from the outside inwards and thereby completes the edging.

Aus der CH 391 570 A ist ein Verschließwerkzeug an sich bekannt, mit dem die oberen Randbereiche einer Öffnung im Deckel einer Stahltrommel einerseits und eines Verschließorgans andererseits ohne Verwendung eines Sicherungsrings dicht miteinander verbunden werden sollen. Dazu verlaufen diese Randbereiche ineinandergehakt zunächst achsparallel (Fig. 4). Die Randbereiche werden sodann durch radial antreibbare Backensegmente oberhalb und unterhalb einer axial mittleren, nicht zu expandierenden Ringzone unter einem Winkel nach außen expandiert (Fig. 5). Wenn das Verschließorgan einmal geöffnet ist, kann die Öffnung damit nicht wieder verschlossen werden.A closing tool is known per se from CH 391 570 A. which the upper edge areas of an opening in the lid of a steel drum on the one hand and a closing member on the other hand without using a Circlips should be tightly connected. To these edge areas are initially hooked together parallel to the axis (Fig. 4). The edge areas are then driven by radially Cheek segments above and below an axially middle one, not too expanding ring zone expanded at an angle to the outside (Fig. 5). Once the closure member is open, the Do not close the opening again.

Aus der US 4 820 100 A ist es an sich bekannt, einen kreiszylindrischen Rumpf durch eine Verschließeinheit einer Verschließmaschine (Fig. 1) mit einem Boden über einen Doppelfalz lose zu verschließen. Der Boden wird mit einer ersten Innenanrollung angeliefert und in eine Formausnehmung eines glockenförmigen Formwerkzeugs eingebracht. Sodann werden Formsegmente in der Formausnehmung radial nach außen bis in eine Betriebsendstellung gegenüber der ersten Innenanrollung bewegt (Fig. 4). Danach wird der Rumpf axial über den Boden gepreßt und durch das stationäre Formwerkzeug mit einer sich in die erste Innenanrollung des Bodens lose einrollenden zweiten Innenanrollung versehen (Fig. 5). Schließlich werden die Formsegmente radial nach innen zurückbewegt, damit die Dose aus der Maschine entnommen werden kann (Fig. 6). Der lose Doppelfalz wird erst in einer der Maschine nachgeschalteten Station (Fig. 7) mit einem Rollenpaar dichtgepreßt. From US 4,820,100 A it is known per se to have a circular cylindrical shape Fuselage through a capping unit of a capping machine (Fig. 1) to loosely close with a bottom over a double fold. The floor is delivered with a first internal roll and in one Form recess of a bell-shaped mold introduced. Then are shaped segments in the mold recess radially outwards into an operating end position moves relative to the first internal roll (Fig. 4). Then the fuselage is pressed axially over the floor and through the stationary mold with one in the first internal curl of the floor with the second inner curl loosely rolling in (Fig. 5). Finally, the mold segments are moved radially inwards, so that the can can be removed from the machine (Fig. 6). Of the loose double fold is only connected in a machine Station (Fig. 7) with a pair of rollers pressed tight.

Aus der GB-Patentschrift 357 558 ist es an sich bekannt, die Ränder einer Behälteröffnung und eines in die Behälteröffnung eingesetzten, tassenförmigen Deckels durch gemeinsame Expansion formschlüssig miteinander zu verbinden. Radial außerhalb der Ränder befindet sich ein längsgeteilter, aus Sektoren zusammengesetzter Gegenhaltering mit radial innen eingeformten Umfangsrillen. Radialinnerhalb der Ränder ist ein Gummiring angeordnet. Der Gummiring sitzt auf einer Stange, die unterhalb des Gummirings einen Teller trägt. Auf der Oberseite des Gummirings liegt ein Drückring, der mit einer oberen Buchse auf der Stange geführt ist. Eine axiale Annäherung des Tellers und des Drückrings hat zur Folge, daß der Gummiring radial nach außen expandiert und dabei die Ränder in die Rillen des Gegenhalterings preßt. Wenn die Verbindung dicht werden soll, wird zwischen die Ränder Wachs eingebracht.From GB patent specification 357 558 it is known per se the edges a container opening and one inserted into the container opening, cup-shaped lids by mutual expansion form-fitting with each other connect to. There is a radially outside the edges longitudinally divided sector ring with radial circumferential grooves formed on the inside. Radial within the edges is a Arranged rubber ring. The rubber ring sits on a rod below of the rubber ring carries a plate. On the top of the rubber ring there is a push ring with an upper bush on the rod is led. Has an axial approach of the plate and the push ring the result is that the rubber ring expands radially outwards and thereby press the edges into the grooves of the counter ring. If the connection wax should be placed between the edges.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Verschlußsicherheit der Verpackungsbehälter so zu erhöhen, daß diese auch die Baumusterprüfung mit UN-Zulassungskennzeichnung bestehen.The invention has for its object the security of the closure Increase packaging containers so that they also pass the type examination with UN approval marking.

Diese Aufgabe ist durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Vergrößerung der wirksamen axialen Länge des Expandierwerkzeugs wird über eine entsprechend große axiale Länge des ersten und zweiten Randbereichs eine besonders innige und großflächige Anlage der Randbereiche aneinander erzielt. Dies führt sowohl in der Baumusterprüfung als auch im Betrieb der gefüllten und verschlossenen Verpackungsbehälter zu erheblich gesteigertem Formänderungswiderstand im Verschlußbereich und zu entsprechend hoher Verschlußsicherheit.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. By increasing the effective axial length according to the invention of the expanding tool is over a correspondingly large axial length a particularly intimate and large area of the first and second edge areas Achievement of the edge areas achieved. This leads to both in the type examination as well as in the operation of the filled and closed Packaging container to significantly increased resistance to deformation in the locking area and for a correspondingly high locking security.

Als besonders günstig hinsichtlich Sicherheit und Materialverbrauch haben sich die Merkmale des Anspruchs 2 erwiesen.As particularly favorable in terms of security and material consumption the features of claim 2 have proven.

Gemäß Anspruch 3 ist eine Auflagefläche für das Drückwerkzeug geschaffen, die die optimale Formgestaltung des Verschlußbereichs während des Expandierens begünstigt. According to claim 3, a support surface is created for the pressing tool, which the optimal shape of the closure area during of expanding.

Gemäß Anspruch 4 erhält man eine erhebliche zusätzliche Versteifung des Verschlußbereichs. Außerdem kann sich der freie Rand des zweiten Randbereichs des Verschlußelements während des Expandierens besonders zwängungsfrei ausformen.According to claim 4 you get a significant additional stiffening the locking area. In addition, the free edge of the second Edge area of the closure element particularly during expansion Shape without constraint.

Gemäß Anspruch 5 ergibt sich in der Außenanrollung ein erheblicher Stützeffekt mit entsprechender Formstabilität unter Last.According to claim 5, there is a considerable amount in the external rolling Support effect with corresponding dimensional stability under load.

Dieser Stützeffekt wird gemäß Anspruch 6 besonders dann erzielt, wenn Belastungen vorzugsweise von der radial äußeren Seite zu erwarten sind. This support effect is achieved according to claim 6 especially when Loads to be expected preferably from the radially outer side are.

Diese und weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch den Verschlußbereich eines Verpackungsbehälters in noch nicht verschlossenem Zustand,
  • Fig. 2 eine der Fig. 1 entsprechende Schnittansicht in verschlossenem Zustand und
  • Fig. 3 einen Fig. 2 entsprechenden Längsschnitt mit den zugehörigen Verschließwerkzeugen und einer Abwandlung im Sicherungsring.
    • These and other features and advantages of the invention are explained in more detail below on the basis of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. It shows:
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through the closure area of a packaging container in the not yet closed state,
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 1 in the closed state and
  • Fig. 3 is a Fig. 2 corresponding longitudinal section with the associated closing tools and a modification in the locking ring.

    • Fig. 1 zeigt einen Teil eines Verpackungsbehälters 1 mit einem Unterteil 2, dessen obere Öffnung 3 durch ein Verschlußelement 4 dicht verschlossen werden soll. Das Unterteil 2 und das Verschlußelement 4 bestehen aus Weißblech von z.B. 0,31 mm Dicke. Fig. 1 shows a part of a packaging container 1 with a lower part 2, whose upper opening 3 is sealed by a closure element 4 shall be. The lower part 2 and the closure element 4 are made made of tinplate from e.g. 0.31mm thickness.

    Ein erster Randbereich 5 des Unterteils 2 soll mit einem zweiten Randbereich 6 des Verschlußelements 4 dicht verbunden werden. Im Ausgangszustand besteht zwischen einer ersten Wand 7 des ersten Randbereichs 5 und einer zweiten Wand 8 des zweiten Randbereichs 6 ein Winkel 9 von z.B. 3 bis 5°. Der Winkel 9 erleichtert einerseits das Einsetzen des Verschlußelements 4 in die Öffnung 3, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, und ermöglicht andererseits das Ineinanderstapeln der Verschlußelemente 4 während Lagerung und Transport.A first edge area 5 of the lower part 2 should have a second edge area 6 of the closure element 4 are tightly connected. In the initial state exists between a first wall 7 of the first edge region 5 and a second wall 8 of the second edge region 6 an angle 9 of e.g. 3 to 5 °. The angle 9 facilitates the insertion of the one hand Closure element 4 in the opening 3, as shown in Fig. 1, and on the other hand enables the closure elements 4 to be stacked one inside the other during storage and transportation.

    Ein erster freier Endbereich 10 des ersten Randbereichs 5 ist als eine Außenanrollung ausgebildet. Ein freies Ende 11 der Außenanrollung liegt einem radial äußeren Abschnitt 12 der Außenanrollung gegenüber.A first free end region 10 of the first edge region 5 is as one External rolling trained. A free end 11 of the outside curl lies opposite a radially outer section 12 of the outer curl.

    An die zweite Wand 8 schließt sich oben ein zweiter freier Endbereich 13 des zweiten Randbereichs 6 an. Der zweite freie Endbereich 13 endet in einer Anrollung 14 und trägt eine Ringdichtung 15, die mit dem ersten freien Endbereich 10 abdichtend zusammenwirkt.A second free end region adjoins the second wall 8 at the top 13 of the second edge region 6. The second free end region 13 ends in a curl 14 and carries an annular seal 15 which with the first free end portion 10 cooperates sealingly.

    In dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausgangszustand ragt ein radial äußeres Ende des zweiten freien Endbereichs 13 in einen sich radial nach innen öffnenden Innenraum 16 eines Sicherungsrings 17 hinein. Die in Fig. 1 erkennbare Einheit aus Verschlußelement 4 und Sicherungsring 17 wird vormontiert und entweder von Hand oder automatisch so in der Öffnung 3 plaziert, wie dies Fig. 1 zeigt. Sodann wird mit einem ringförmigen Drückwerkzeug 18 (Fig. 3) eine axiale Druckkraft 19 bis zur ausreichenden Dichtkompression der Ringdichtung 15 auf einen oberen Rand 20 des Sicherungsrings 17 ausgeübt. Dies hat zur Folge, daß die zweite Wand 8 noch etwas tiefer in die Öffnung 3 hineingedrückt wird, als dies in Fig. 1 zu sehen ist. Dabei drückt sich der erste freie Endbereich 10 entsprechend tiefer in die Ringdichtung 15 ein. In the initial state shown in FIG. 1, a radially outer one projects End of the second free end region 13 in a radially inward opening interior 16 of a locking ring 17 into it. The in Fig. 1st recognizable unit from closure element 4 and locking ring 17 is pre-assembled and either manually or automatically in the opening 3 placed, as shown in Fig. 1. Then with an annular Press tool 18 (Fig. 3) an axial pressure force 19 to the sufficient Sealing compression of the ring seal 15 onto an upper edge 20 the locking ring 17 exercised. As a result, the second Wall 8 is pushed a little deeper into opening 3 than this can be seen in Fig. 1. The first free end area is pressed 10 correspondingly deeper into the ring seal 15.

    Sodann wird mit einer radial inneren Seite 21 des zweiten Randbereichs 6 ein Expandierwerkzeug 22 (Fig. 3) in Berührung gebracht. Dies geschieht dadurch, daß über den Umfang verteilte, im einzelnen nicht gezeichnete Segmente des Expandierwerkzeugs 22 radial nach außen bewegt werden. Dadurch werden der erste und der zweite Randbereich gemeinsam expandiert, bis eine formschlüssige Verriegelung erreicht ist. Während dieses Expandierens wird die axiale Druckkraft 19 aufrechterhalten, so daß sich der zweite freie Endbereich 13 in der in Fig. 2 ersichtlichen Weise zunehmend um den ersten freien Endbereich 10 herumlegt und damit die Abdichtung vervollständigt. In dem Endzustand gemäß Fig. 2 hat sich eine radial äußere Seite 23 der ersten Wand 7 gegen einen als Anschlag wirkenden, radial inneren Rand 24 eines Untergurts 25 des Sicherungsrings 17 gelegt.Then with a radially inner side 21 of the second edge region 6 brought into contact with an expanding tool 22 (FIG. 3). this happens in that distributed over the scope, not shown in detail Segments of the expanding tool 22 moved radially outward become. As a result, the first and the second edge area become common expands until a positive locking is achieved. While this expansion, the axial pressure force 19 is maintained, so that the second free end region 13 can be seen in FIG. 2 Way increasingly around the first free end region 10 and thus the sealing is completed. 2 in the final state a radially outer side 23 of the first wall 7 against one as a stop acting, radially inner edge 24 of a lower flange 25 of the locking ring 17 laid.

    Die formschlüssige Verriegelung ist gemäß Fig. 2 dadurch zustande gekommen, daß sich während der Expansion der erste freie Endbereich 10 in vollem Umfang über den Untergurt 25 bewegt hat.The positive locking has come about according to FIG. that the first free end region 10 has moved in full over the lower flange 25.

    Der Sicherungsring 17 kann in jeder beliebigen, an sich bekannten Weise ausgebildet sein. Es kann sich dabei z.B. um einen Spannring handeln, der sich leicht öffnen und auch wieder verschließen läßt.The locking ring 17 can be in any known per se Be trained. It can e.g. around a tension ring act that can be easily opened and closed again.

    Während der Expansion ist gemäß Fig. 2 an ein axial äußeres Ende 26 der zweiten Wand 8 eine sich über das äußere Ende 26 hinaus radial nach innen erstreckende Sicke 27 angeformt worden. die Sicke 27 versteift den zweiten Randbereich 6 und gestattet dem zweiten freien Endbereich 13 eine optimale Formgestaltung innerhalb des Innenraums 16.2 is at an axially outer end 26 during the expansion the second wall 8 a radially beyond the outer end 26 inwardly extending bead 27 has been formed. the bead 27 stiffened the second edge area 6 and allows the second free end area 13 optimal shape within the interior 16.

    Fig. 3 verdeutlicht, wie die einzelnen Segmente des Expandierwerkzeugs 22 mit einer radialen Nut 28 auf einem radialen Führungsring 29 des Drückwerkzeugs 18 geführt sind. So können sich die Segmente des Expandierwerkzeugs 22 in den Richtungen eines Doppelpfeils 30 in radialer Richtung zum Expandieren und wieder zurück in ihre Ruhestellung bewegen. Diese Bewegung erfolgt durch einen mittigen Konus 31, dessen Außenfläche mit einer komplementären Schrägfläche 32 jedes Segments des Expandierwerkzeugs 22 zusammenwirkt. Der Konus 31 wird parallel zur Längsachse 33 (Fig. 15) des Verackungsbehälters 1 in den Richtungen eines Doppelpfeils 34 in im einzelnen nicht dargestellter Weise angetrieben. Die Werkzeuge 18 und 22 sowie der Konus 31 können parallel zur Längsachse 33 in den Richtungen eines Doppelpfeils 35 als Einheit bewegt werden.Fig. 3 illustrates how the individual segments of the expanding tool 22 with a radial groove 28 on a radial guide ring 29 of the Pressing tool 18 are guided. So the segments of the expanding tool 22 in the directions of a double arrow 30 in the radial Direction to expand and move back to its rest position. This movement takes place through a central cone 31, the outer surface of which with a complementary sloping surface 32 of each segment of the Expanding tool 22 cooperates. The cone 31 is parallel to Longitudinal axis 33 (Fig. 15) of the packaging container 1 in the directions a double arrow 34 driven in a manner not shown in detail. The tools 18 and 22 and the cone 31 can be parallel to the longitudinal axis 33 in the directions of a double arrow 35 as a unit be moved.

    Gemäß Fig. 3 ist der Sicherungsring 17 gegenüber der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 und 2 insofern abgeändert, als ein Obergurt 36 des Sicherungsrings 17 einen radial inneren Endabschnitt 37 aufweist, der rechtwinklig zu der Längsachse 33 (Fig. 15) angeordnet ist. Der besondere Endabschnitt 37 erleichtert die Einleitung der Druckkraft 19 (Fig. 1) durch das Drückwerkzeug 18 in den Sicherungsring 17 und damit in den zweiten Randbereich 6.3, the locking ring 17 is compared to the embodiment 1 and 2 modified in that an upper flange 36 of the locking ring 17 has a radially inner end portion 37 which is arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis 33 (FIG. 15). The special one End section 37 facilitates the introduction of the compressive force 19 (Fig. 1) by the pressing tool 18 in the locking ring 17 and thus in the second edge area 6.

    In Fig. 3 ist auch eine wirksame axiale Länge 38 des Expandierwerkzeugs 22 eingezeichnet.3 is also an effective axial length 38 of the expanding tool 22 shown.

    In allen Zeichnungsfiguren sind gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugszahlen versehen.In all drawing figures there are the same parts with the same reference numbers Mistake.

    Claims (6)

    1. Method of sealingly connecting a first edge region (5) of a lower part (2) of a packaging container (1) consisting of sheet metal to a second edge region (6) of a closure element (4) consisting of sheet metal,
      wherein the second edge region (6) supports an annular seal (15) which cooperates with the first edge region (5),
      and wherein, within the annular seal (15), a first wall (7) of the first edge region (5) and a second wall (8) of the second edge region (6) lie opposite each other,
      comprising the following steps:
      (a) placing the closure element (4) with the annular seal (15) on the first edge region(5),
      (b) exerting on the second edge region (6) an axial pressure force (19) by means of a pressure tool (18) until the annular seal (15) is compressed in a sufficiently sealed manner,
      (c) contacting an expanding tool (22) with a radial inner side (21) of the second edge region (6), and
      (d) expanding the first (5) and the second edge region (6) as one by means of the expanding tool (22) until a form-locking closure arrangement is achieved,
      wherein in step (d) a first free end region (10) of the first edge region (5) and a second free end region (13) of the second end region (6) are expanded into a radially inwards opening inner space (16) of a securing ring (17),
      characterized in that the ratio V = (nominal diameter of the packaging container (1)): (effective axial length (38) of the expanding tool (22)) is made 15 to 25.
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio V is made 18 to 22.
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the securing ring (17) comprises an upwardly and radially inwards rising upper belt (36),
      and that a radially inner end section (37) of the upper belt (36) is formed at a right angle to a longitudinal axis (33) of the packaging container (1).
    4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in step (d) a bead (27) which extends radially inwards beyond an axially outer end (26) of the second wall (8) is formed on said outer end (26).
    5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that prior to step (a) the first free end region (10) is formed as an outwardly rolled region of at least 360°
    6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that a free end (11) of the outwardly rolled region (10) is opposite a radially outer section (12) of the outwardly rolled region (10).
    EP97106215A 1996-05-08 1997-04-16 Method of connecting a packaging container body with a cover member Expired - Lifetime EP0806345B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP98202364A EP0882650B1 (en) 1996-05-08 1997-04-16 Method of connecting a packaging container body with a cover member
    EP98202363A EP0882649B1 (en) 1996-05-08 1997-04-16 Method of connecting a packaging container body with a cover member

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19618310A DE19618310A1 (en) 1996-05-08 1996-05-08 Method for connecting a lower part of a packaging container to a closure element
    DE19618310 1996-05-08

    Related Child Applications (2)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP98202364A Division EP0882650B1 (en) 1996-05-08 1997-04-16 Method of connecting a packaging container body with a cover member
    EP98202363A Division EP0882649B1 (en) 1996-05-08 1997-04-16 Method of connecting a packaging container body with a cover member

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0806345A1 EP0806345A1 (en) 1997-11-12
    EP0806345B1 true EP0806345B1 (en) 1999-07-28

    Family

    ID=7793596

    Family Applications (3)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP98202364A Expired - Lifetime EP0882650B1 (en) 1996-05-08 1997-04-16 Method of connecting a packaging container body with a cover member
    EP98202363A Expired - Lifetime EP0882649B1 (en) 1996-05-08 1997-04-16 Method of connecting a packaging container body with a cover member
    EP97106215A Expired - Lifetime EP0806345B1 (en) 1996-05-08 1997-04-16 Method of connecting a packaging container body with a cover member

    Family Applications Before (2)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP98202364A Expired - Lifetime EP0882650B1 (en) 1996-05-08 1997-04-16 Method of connecting a packaging container body with a cover member
    EP98202363A Expired - Lifetime EP0882649B1 (en) 1996-05-08 1997-04-16 Method of connecting a packaging container body with a cover member

    Country Status (5)

    Country Link
    EP (3) EP0882650B1 (en)
    AT (3) ATE197782T1 (en)
    DE (4) DE19618310A1 (en)
    DK (2) DK0806345T3 (en)
    ES (1) ES2134043T3 (en)

    Families Citing this family (7)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE19834365A1 (en) * 1998-07-30 2000-02-10 Crown Cork & Seal Tech Corp Connecting process for closing packing container consisting of a lower part and a sheet closing element involves bringing expanding roll into contact with inside of edge and expanding by continuing relative rotation
    EP0997381A1 (en) * 1998-10-05 2000-05-03 Anne Bodenschatz Hand holdable container
    BRPI0900157A2 (en) * 2009-01-08 2010-10-26 Brasilata Sa Embalagens Metalicas process for closing a foil container
    ES2849564T3 (en) 2014-02-07 2021-08-19 Ball Corp Metal container with a screw cap
    CA3118298A1 (en) 2018-11-05 2020-05-14 Ball Corporation Metallic container with a threaded closure
    CN114040822A (en) * 2019-06-26 2022-02-11 鲍尔公司 Method and apparatus for sealing metal containers using metal end closures
    EP4143100B1 (en) * 2020-04-28 2026-02-25 Atkins Nuclear Secured Holdings Corporation Container closure device and method of operating the same

    Family Cites Families (6)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    GB357558A (en) * 1930-05-16 1931-09-16 Herbert Maclean Ware Improvements in and relating to means for securing flexible carton lids and the like purposes
    CH391570A (en) * 1963-03-12 1965-04-30 American Flange & Mfg Container having an opening in a wall and a member for closing said opening and method for its manufacture
    FR2248097A1 (en) * 1973-10-19 1975-05-16 Ferembal Sa Lid crimping appts. for metal containers - ram and rotary disc operates linkage to radially move pairs of crimping jaws
    CH642316A5 (en) * 1980-01-17 1984-04-13 Vogel Bmw Ag Process for closing a filled container by means of a lid
    DE3341962A1 (en) * 1983-11-21 1985-05-30 Niko 2807 Achim Russopulos Extra-fine sheet metal container provided with a lid, and method and device for securing the lid on said extra-fine sheet metal container
    DE3624769A1 (en) * 1985-07-23 1987-01-29 Wagner Wilhelm Wiwa Device for the closing of containers

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DK0806345T3 (en) 1999-11-29
    EP0882649B1 (en) 2000-05-24
    EP0882649A1 (en) 1998-12-09
    ES2134043T3 (en) 1999-09-16
    DE59701758D1 (en) 2000-06-29
    ATE193254T1 (en) 2000-06-15
    EP0882650A1 (en) 1998-12-09
    DK0882649T3 (en) 2000-08-28
    DE59702685D1 (en) 2001-01-04
    EP0806345A1 (en) 1997-11-12
    EP0882650B1 (en) 2000-11-29
    DE19618310A1 (en) 1997-11-20
    ATE197782T1 (en) 2000-12-15
    ATE182539T1 (en) 1999-08-15
    DE59700277D1 (en) 1999-09-02

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