Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/22—Hormones
  • A61K38/27—Growth hormone [GH] (Somatotropin)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/05—Dipeptides

Definitions

• a stabilized pharmaceutical formulation comprising a growth hormone and X-Lys
• the present invention relates to a stabilized pharmaceutical formulation comprising growth hormone, to a method of making such formulation, and the use of X-Lys, wherein X designates an amino acid residue for stabilizing a formulation of growth hormone.
• the growth hormones from man and from the common domestic animals are proteins of approximately 191 amino acids, synthesized and secreted from the anterior lope of the pituitary gland. Human growth hormone consists of 191 amino acids.
• Growth hormone is a key hormone involved in the regulation of not only somatic growth, but also in the regulation of metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. The major effect of growth hormone is to promote growth.
• the organ systems affected by growth hormone include the skeleton, connective tissue, muscles, and viscera such as liver, intestine, and kidneys.
• human growth hormone could only be obtained by extraction from the pituitary glands of human cadavers.
• the very limited supplies of growth hormone restricted the use thereof to longitudinal growth promotion in childhood and puberty for treatment of dwarfism, even though it has been proposed for inter alia treatment of short stature (due to growth hormone deficiency, normal short stature and Turner syndrome), growth hormone deficiency in adults, infertility, treatment of burns, wound healing, dystrophy, bone knitting, osteoporosis, diffuse gastric bleeding, and pseudoarthrosis.
• growth hormone has been proposed for increasing the rate of growth of domestic animals or for decreasing the proportion of fat in animals to be slaughtered for human consumption.
• compositions of growth hormone tend to be unstable.
• Degradation products such as deamidated or sulfoxydated products and dimer or polymer forms are generated - especially in solutions of growth hormone.
• the predominant degradation reactions of hGH are 1) deamidation by direct hydro ⁇ lysis or via a cyclic succinimide intermeadiate to form various amounts of L-asp- hGH, L-iso-asp-hGH, D-asp-hGH, and D-iso-asp-hGH (ref 1-3), and 2) oxidation of the methionine residues in positions 14 and 125 (ref 4-9).
• the major degradation product of hGH in lyophilized state as well as in solution is deamidated hGH.
• Deamidation especially takes place at the Asn in position 149 and to a minor extent in position 152 and 99.
• hGH is also rather easily oxidized in positions 14 and 125, especially in solution (4- 8).
• the oxidation of hGH in solution forming sulfoxides is normally due to the oxygen dissolved in the formulation.
• the solubility of oxygen in distilled water is about 200 ⁇ M (9).
• concentration of hGH in a formulation comprising 4 IU/ml is 1.3 mg/ml corresponding to 60nM hGH, oxygen will, at normal storing conditions, be present in an excess of about 3000 times the stoichiometric amount for oxidation of hGH. It is not feasible to try to solve the problem by degassing of buffers before tapping and packing the formulations.
• the kinetics of degradation depend on temperature, pH and various additives or adjuvants in the hGH formulation.
• growth hormone Due to the instability, growth hormone is, at present, lyophilized and stored in the lyophilized form at 4°C until it is reconstituted for use in order to minimize the degradation.
• the lyophilized pharmaceutical formulations comprising hGH are, at present, recon ⁇ stituted by the patient and then stored as a solution during the use for a period of up to 14 days at 4°C, during which some degradation will take place.
• the growth hormone as late as possible before use and to store and ship the formulation in a lyophilized state.
• the chain from the manufacturer to the pharmacy is apt for handling the formulations at a controlled low temperature of e.g. 4°C which allows for a long shelf life of up to two years.
• a formulation which is stable for a sufficient long time with the end user under conditions where "sufficient" cooling is not always available.
• a formulation should be stable with the end user in a lyophilized state for about one month and additionally for one month in a reconstituted state in a pen device for the intended period of use of a cartridge.
• the shift in pattern of administration of growth hormone to the use of pen devices calls for a stable dissolved formulation comprising growth hormone in order to facilitate the handling to be performed by the patient.
• a stable dissolved formulation comprising growth hormone may be produced ready to use in the form of cartridges fitting into the pen device used by the patient who may then avoid the reconstitution of the formulation and, hence, will not have to be in the possession of a lyophilized formulation, a suitable vehicle for reconstitution as well as the necessary skill and sterile equipment for sterile reconstitution of the formulation.
• Lyophilization is a time consuming and costly process and is also often a "bottleneck" in the production due to the limited capacity of the freeze drier.
• animal growth hormone may be stabilized with various stabilizers to give decreased formation of insolubles and preservation of the soluble activity in aqueous environments, such stabilizers including certain polyols, amino acids, polymers of amino acids having a charged side group at physiological pH, and choline salts.
• Polyols are selected from the group consisting of non-reducing sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar acids, penta- erythritol, lactose, water-soluble dextrans and Ficoll; amino acids are selected from the group consisting of glycine, sarcosine, lysine or salts thereof, serine, arginine or salts thereof, betaine, N,N,-dimethyl-glycine, aspartic acid or salts thereof, glutamic acid or salts thereof; a polymer of an amino acid having a charged side group at physiological pH may be selected from polylysine, polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, polyarginine, polyhistidine, polyornithine and salts thereof; and choline deriva ⁇ tives are selected from the group consisting of choline chloride, choline dihydrogen citrate, choline bitartrate, choline bicarbonate, tricholine citrate, choline ascorbate, choline
• US patent specification No. 4,917,685 discloses a delivery device designed to be implanted comprising growth hormone stabilized using the same stabilizers as mentioned in EP 303746.
• Published European patent application No. 374,120 discloses a stabilized formulation comprising hGH and a polyol having three hydroxy groups. Glycerol and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane are mentioned. Furthermore, the presence of histidine hydrochloride as a buffer together with the polyol is disclosed.
• WO 93/19776 discloses protein formulations comprising growth hormone comprising citrate as buffer substance being more stable than formulations comprising phosphate buffer.
• the formulations may also comprise amino acids such as glycine and alanine and/or mannitol or other sugar alcohols and/or glycerol and/or other carbohydrates and optionally a preservative such as benzyl alcohol.
• WO 94/03198 discloses a stable aqueous formulation containing human growth hormone, a buffer, a non-ionic surfactant, and, optionally, a neutral salt, mannitol, or, a preservative.
• a formulation of human growth hormone comprising X-Lys, wherein X designates an amino acid residue show a very high stability against deamidation.
• the stability of the product allows for the storing and shipment thereof in a lyophilized state or in the form of a dissolved or re-dissolved formulation.
• the pharmaceutical formulations of the invention may be formulated for administration in any suitable way, e.g. by parenteral or oral administration or admi- nistration to a mucosal membrane, e.g. nasal administration.
• the pharmaceutical formulation may be presented in the form of a dose comprised in a vial or cartridge or any other suitable container such as a prefilled syringe or a pen device.
• the formulation of the invention may be in the form of a lyophilized powder to be reconstituted later using conventional vehicles such as distilled water or water for injection or in the form of a solution comprising growth hormone.
• vehicles such as distilled water or water for injection or in the form of a solution comprising growth hormone.
• vehicles may comprise conventional preservatives such as m-cresol and benzyl alcohol.
• X designates preferably a naturally occurring amino acid residue, more preferred a naturally occurring ⁇ -amino acid residue.
• X preferably designates Ala, Gly, Val, Glu, Met, Arg, Asp, Leu, or Ser, most preferred Ala, Val, Glu, Met, or Asp.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention is in the form of a pharmaceutical formulation of human growth hormone comprising X-Lys, wherein X designates an amino acid residue and further comprising a carrier in the form of a buffered aqueous solution of growth hormone.
• Such formulation is in a ready-to-use form and may be stored and shipped as an aqueous solution without any considerable degradation.
• a buffer to be used in a solution of growth hormone may e.g. be histidine, citrate, tartrate or phophate buffer.
• the pH of a solution is preferably adjusted to a value in the interval from about 2 to about 8, more preferred to pH from 5 to 7, especially to about 6.8.
• X-Lys wherein X designates an amino acid residue is preferably added in an amount of up to 100 mM, more preferred in an amount of about 1-10 mM, preferably 2-6 mM, most preferred about 3-5 mM.
• the pharmaceutical formulation of the invention may furthermore comprise salts for adjusting the tonicity and optionally an excipient in order to facilitate the processing thereof, e.g. lyophilization and the rapid and complete dissolution of a lyophilized formulation when reconstituting the formulation before use.
• An excipient may be selected from disaccharides such as lactose, trehalose, and su ⁇ crose, sugar alcohols such as sorbitol or mannitol, polysaccharides such as the polymers commercialized as Dextran ® products such as Dextran ® 40, Dextran ® 70 or Dextran ® 75, and Ficoll and polyvalent alcohols such as polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl alcohol or a combination of two or more of these.
• disaccharides such as lactose, trehalose, and su ⁇ crose
• sugar alcohols such as sorbitol or mannitol
• polysaccharides such as the polymers commercialized as Dextran ® products such as Dextran ® 40, Dextran ® 70 or Dextran ® 75
• Ficoll and polyvalent alcohols such as polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl alcohol or a combination of two or more of these.
• the invention relates to a method of preparing a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a growth hormone and X-Lys, wherein X has the meaning stated above, wherein the growth hormone is dissolved in a solution comprising X- Lys, wherein X has the meaning stated above, by dissolving X-Lys, wherein X has the meaning stated above, in deionized water optionally containing of benzyl alco ⁇ hol, adding the growth hormone and optionally adjusting the pH to from about 2 to about 8.
• the pH may be adjusted by adding an acid which has no adverse effect on the growth hormone, preferably a physiologically acceptable acid e.g. a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or nitric acid or an organic acid such as acetic acid.
• a physiologically acceptable acid e.g. a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or nitric acid or an organic acid such as acetic acid.
• Still another aspect of the invention relates to the use of X-Lys, wherein X designates an amino acid residue, for the formulation of a stabilized formulation of growth hormone.
• growth hormone may be growth hormone from any origin such as avian, bovine, equine, human, ovine, porcine, salmon, trout or tuna growth hormone, preferably bovine, human or porcine growth hormone, human growth hormone being most preferred.
• the growth hormone used in accordance with the invention may be native growth hormone isolated from a natural source, e.g. by extracting pituitary glands in a conventional manner, or a growth hormone produced by recombinant techniques, e.g as described in E.B. Jensen and S. Carlsen in Biotech and Bioeng. 36, 1-11 (1990).
• the "growth hormone” may also be a truncated form of growth hormone wherein one or more amino acid residues has (have) been deleted; an analogue thereof wherein one or more amino acid residues in the native molecule has (have) been substituted by another amino acid residue, preferably a natural amino acid residue, as long as the substitution does not have any adverse effect such as antigenicity or reduced action; or a derivative thereof, e.g having an N- or C-terminal extension such as Met-hGH.
• the preferred growth hormone is hGH.
• dose of growth hormone refers to that amount that provides therapeutic effect in an administration regimen.
• the formulations hereof are prepared containing amounts of hGH at least about 0.1 mg/ml, preferably upwards of about 10 mg/ml, preferably from about 1 mg/ml to about 40 mg/ml, more preferably from about 1 mg/ml to about 25 mg/ml, e.g. from 1 mg/ml to about 5 mg/ml, calculated on the ready-to-use formulation.
• these compositions in administration to human beings suffering from hypopituitary dwarfism, for example, these formulations contain from about 0.1 mg/ml to about 10 mg/ml, corresponding to the currently contemplated dosage regimen for the intended treatment.
• X-Lys wherein X designates an amino acid residue to be used in accordance with the present invention is preferably comprising the naturally occurring alpha amino acid residues.
• the amino acid(s) may be 1 or d amino acid(s) or a mixture thereof.
• high stability is obtained when the formulation is more stable than the conventional formulation comprising phosphate buffer and preferab ⁇ ly as stable as a corresponding formulation comprising histidine as stabilizer in which the de-amidation of hGH is reduced by approximately 20% as compared with phosphate buffer as disclosed in WO 93/12812.
• the solvent used in the method of the invention may be water, alcohols such as ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl, butyl alcohol or mixtures thereof.
• the solvent may comprise a preservative such as m-cresol or benzyl alcohol.
• the rate of deamidation was examined at 4°C and 25°C for hGH formulations comprising 2 mg hGH at pH 6.8 in the presence of 5 mM Ala-Lys, Gly-Lys, Val-Lys, Glu-Lys, Met-Lys, Arg-Lys or Asp-Lys as compared to histidine at pH 6.8.
• the hGH formulations were prepared by dissolving 8 mg hGH in 2 ml of 10 mM solution of the dipeptide or histidine. Thus, 2 ml 3.0% of benzyl alcohol was added to give a final formulation of 2 mg/ml hGH, 5 mM dipeptide or histidine, 1.5% benzyl alcohol, pH 6.8 (adjusted adding HCl or NaOH).
• the above results show that the rate of deamidation is reduced to a very great extent by adding Ala-Lys, Val-Lys, Glu-Lys, Met-Lys or Asp-Lys in a low concentra ⁇ tion of up to 100 mM, preferably 1-10 mM, more preferred 2-6 mM and most preferred about 3-5 mM.
• the rate of deamidation may be reduced by more than 30% by substituting the phosphate buffer with Ala-Lys, Val-Lys, Glu-Lys, Met-Lys or Asp-Lys.
• the use of benzyl alcohol as preservative seems to have no influence on the rate of deamidation.
• the rate of deamidation was examined at 37°C for hGH formulations comprising 4 mg/ml hGH at pH 6.8 in the presence of 5 mM Asp-Lys, Val-Lys as compared to histidine at pH 6.8.
• the hGH formulations were prepared by dissolving 8 mg hGH in 2 ml of 10 mM solution of the dipeptide or histidine. Thus, 2 ml 3.0% of benzyl alcohol was added to give a final formulation of 4 mg/ml hGH, 5 mM dipeptide or histidine, 1.5% benzyl alcohol, pH 6.8 (adjusted adding HCl or NaOH).
• hGH formulations stated in the below table were stored at 37°C for 7 days and analysed for the content of deamidated hGH by IE-HPLC. The results appear from the tables below.
• the contents of deamidated hGH in the starting material was 1.0%.

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• 1996
  • 1996-01-11 AU AU43295/96A patent/AU4329596A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-01-11 EP EP96900098A patent/EP0805689A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1996-01-11 WO PCT/DK1996/000017 patent/WO1996021460A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-01-11 KR KR1019970704740A patent/KR19980701351A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-01-11 JP JP8521380A patent/JPH10511964A/ja active Pending
  • 1996-01-12 IL IL11674296A patent/IL116742A0/xx unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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