EP0801435A2 - Flat antenna - Google Patents

Flat antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0801435A2
EP0801435A2 EP97105206A EP97105206A EP0801435A2 EP 0801435 A2 EP0801435 A2 EP 0801435A2 EP 97105206 A EP97105206 A EP 97105206A EP 97105206 A EP97105206 A EP 97105206A EP 0801435 A2 EP0801435 A2 EP 0801435A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ground reference
reference surface
segment
conductive
flat antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP97105206A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0801435A3 (en
Inventor
Mehran Aminzadeh
Michael Daginnus
Manfred Burkert
Shun-Ping Chen
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Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
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Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0801435A2 publication Critical patent/EP0801435A2/en
Publication of EP0801435A3 publication Critical patent/EP0801435A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

Definitions

  • the invention relates to flat antennas for terrestrially radiated signals and radio connections with frequencies in the GHz range, such as L-band reception for DAB, short-range radio connections (ISM bands with 2.4 and 5.8 GHz) and in particular for mobile radio in the 900 -MHz and in the 1.8 GHz band, with the generic features specified in the preamble of the main claim.
  • frequencies in the GHz range such as L-band reception for DAB, short-range radio connections (ISM bands with 2.4 and 5.8 GHz) and in particular for mobile radio in the 900 -MHz and in the 1.8 GHz band, with the generic features specified in the preamble of the main claim.
  • the invention is based on an operating principle that i.a. was characterized in German patent application No. 195 04 577 on the basis of typical solutions from the previous state of the art: two plane elements which are electrically connected by a lateral short circuit and are plane-parallel to one another, one of which (the "ground reference area") to the outer conductor and the other (the "Area segment” with the function-defining outlines) is connected to the inner conductor of a feeding coaxial cable, virtually form a cavity resonator during operation. In the event of a resonance, a field is built up on the open side areas, which leads to radial radiation in usable sizes.
  • the ground reference surface close to a large conductive, flat surface or if the ground reference surface itself is much larger than the surface segment connected to the inner conductor, you get a radiation pattern similar to that of a monopoly, with all-round radiation in the horizontal plane (ie in the plane of the two surface elements).
  • the dimensions of the surface segment connected to the inner conductor are usually based on the measure of a quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the middle operating frequency range (distance from the side with the short-circuit connection to the opposite edge).
  • the mechanical structure that is, the arrangement of the radiator components above a relatively large conductive plane or ground plane and the necessity of such a plane in general - limits this Possible uses of this type of antenna or can represent a significant cost factor.
  • the flat antenna is arranged below the roof shell of a car, which is made of a dielectric material.
  • the surface element representing the ground reference surface rests on a sheet metal plate of larger dimensions, and underneath - "for shielding the vehicle interior against the electromagnetic field when the antenna is operating" - a metal foil is also provided in the dimensions of the roof lining.
  • the large-area metal foil is not only used to protect the vehicle occupants; in fact, it also, as a second important function, supports the sheet metal plate in influencing the field structure and contributes significantly to improving the radiation characteristics and the other operating parameters of the arrangement.
  • the use of a flat antenna of this type thus appears to be restricted to structures in which large, as flat as possible surfaces made of conductive material are available or can be implemented.
  • the present invention is derived from the question of whether it is possible to use the flat antenna even in motor vehicles with a continuously metallic body, without the antenna being designed as an attachment module and projecting visibly beyond the vehicle contours, i.e. whether they e.g. can also be arranged behind certain window panes of a vehicle.
  • the invention has for its object to reduce the mechanical dimensions of flat antennas of the type specified in the preamble of the main claim, in particular the dimensions of the ground reference surface or the ground plane and the overall height, without the function and the operating parameters of the antenna being adversely affected .
  • the invention has succeeded in maintaining the structure of the electromagnetic field above the plane of the ground reference surface, which is characteristic of the flat antenna type described here, in the form of transverse radiation similar to a monopoly, although the ground reference surface or otherwise necessary ground plane are reduced to a minimum could.
  • the antenna according to the invention can be arranged in the upper or lower edge region of the front or rear window of a car without impairing the view for the occupants. This is also benefited by the usually quite steep inclination of these windows in modern vehicles - the projection of the antenna body in the direction of view of the occupants forms a smaller area due to the inclination of the window.
  • the inclination of the panes is at the same time an essential prerequisite for the proper functioning of the antenna as a radio antenna, which largely requires all-round radiation in the horizontal radiation diagram. Up to an inclination of 40 ° to the horizontal, this condition can be met with certainty with the arrangement according to the invention.
  • the field-shaping effect according to the invention of the trough-like ground reference surface is supported in this direction by the adjacent metallic body surfaces and parts.
  • the feature according to the invention of changing the feed corresponds to the reduction in the dimensions of the ground reference area.
  • the connections to the outer conductor and to the inner conductor of the feed cable are made in the interior of the two surface elements, for example in or near the center.
  • the arrangement according to the invention presents itself as a flat module with relatively small area dimensions. If this antenna is positioned on the inside of a front or rear window in the upper or lower edge area, then the rear of the ground reference surface is visible from the inside, which is slightly convex from this perspective or tapers towards the edges.
  • the advantages of the invention are also effective if the antenna is used in a location other than in motor vehicles.
  • the reduction in the necessary ground reference area or mass level and also the overall comparatively small external dimensions allow the formation of a compact, relatively versatile module that can also be manufactured inexpensively.
  • FIG. 1 shows the already mentioned antenna according to US Pat. No. 4,835,541.
  • the antenna consists of the sheet metal strip 1 bent into an isosceles "U" and of the sheet metal plate 2.
  • Each of the two U legs has an operating frequency range of 800 up to 900 MHz - the dimensions 7.62 x 8.71 cm, the dimension between the leg surfaces is 12.7 mm and the sheet metal plate measures 25.4 x 33.18 cm.
  • the feed cable 3 is connected by the outer conductor in point 4 to the U-leg resting on the sheet metal plate and by the inner conductor in feed point 5 to the leg above.
  • Below the sheet metal plate 2 there is the metal foil 6, which is intended to shield the interior of the vehicle, and above the roof shell 7 made of plastic.
  • the film 6 has the same dimensions as the underlying roof lining that completes the structure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the principle of the present invention.
  • the ground plane is reduced here to the trough-shaped ground reference surface 8, which consists of sheet metal or a plastic shell metallized on the concave side and at the same time serves as a housing part.
  • the surface segment 10 With the conductive material of the shell, the surface segment 10 is connected via the short circuit 9.
  • the shell is in turn galvanically and mechanically connected to ground 11.
  • the conductor part is designated by 12, which connects the surface segment 10 to the inner conductor of the feed cable 3 via the edge opposite the short circuit.
  • the conductor part 12 can also be designed as an extended and right-angled cable inner conductor.
  • the antenna is provided with a dielectric cover or hood 13.
  • Figure 3 shows - also schematically - a practical design for mounting behind the front or rear window of a car.
  • the approximately trapezoidal contour of the ground reference surface and housing part 8 is not a condition, but has arisen, among other things, from a design point of view.
  • the conductive material of the shell and ground reference surface 8 is largely connected to the mass 11 via the flange 14, here the edge zone of the roof sheet metal shell or the roof spar, and protrudes behind the pane 15 via the edge 16 of the pane border into the window area.
  • the conductor part 12 has a length of 18 mm, and the distance of the surface segment 10 from the ground reference surface 8 is in its Edge area about 10 mm.
  • the distance can be further reduced by extending the conductor part 12, which represents an inductance;
  • the conductor part 12 represents an inductance
  • all dimensions, proportions and parameters of the antenna depend on a number of specific factors and conditions of the respective application (with sometimes conflicting tendencies), such as frequency range and required bandwidth, adjustment to further networks as well as the influence of the materials involved and surrounding constructions and structures, and they must in any case be optimized by individual design and coordination.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The flat antenna, for the GHz frequency range, has a flat surface segment (10), provided by a conductive foil or sheet material, or a conductive coating. This is positioned above a larger conductive surface area (8),n which is in parallel proximity to the first surface. The conductive surface and the surface segment are coupled to the outer and inner conductors of a coaxial cable (3) respectively, at one side, and connected together via a short-circuit (9) at the other side. The conductive surface and the surface segment have an area ratio of 4:1, the surface segment being positioned centrally relative to the conductive surface.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Flachantennen für terrestrisch abgestrahlte Signale und Funkverbindungen mit Frequenzen im GHz-Bereich, wie L-Band-Empfang für DAB, Kurzstrecken-Funkverbindungen (ISM-Bänder mit 2,4 und 5,8 GHz) und insbesondere für den Mobilfunk im 900-MHz- und im 1,8-GHz-Band, mit den im Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs angegebenen Gattungsmerkmalen.The invention relates to flat antennas for terrestrially radiated signals and radio connections with frequencies in the GHz range, such as L-band reception for DAB, short-range radio connections (ISM bands with 2.4 and 5.8 GHz) and in particular for mobile radio in the 900 -MHz and in the 1.8 GHz band, with the generic features specified in the preamble of the main claim.

Die Erfindung geht von einem Wirkprinzip aus, das u.a. in der deutschen Patentanmeldung Nr. 195 04 577 an Hand typischer Lösungen des vorangegangenen Stands der Technik charakterisiert wurde: Zwei durch einen seitlichen Kurzschluß elektrisch verbundene, zueinander planparallele Flächenelemente, von denen eines (die "Massebezugsfläche") an den Außenleiter und das andere (das "Flächensegment" mit den funktionsbestimmenden Umrissen) an den Innenleiter eines speisenden Koaxialkabels angeschlossen ist, bilden bei Betrieb quasi einen Hohlraumresonator. An den offenen Seitenbereichen baut sich im Resonanzfall ein Feld auf, das zu einer radialen Abstrahlung in nutzbaren Größenordnungen führt.The invention is based on an operating principle that i.a. was characterized in German patent application No. 195 04 577 on the basis of typical solutions from the previous state of the art: two plane elements which are electrically connected by a lateral short circuit and are plane-parallel to one another, one of which (the "ground reference area") to the outer conductor and the other (the "Area segment" with the function-defining outlines) is connected to the inner conductor of a feeding coaxial cable, virtually form a cavity resonator during operation. In the event of a resonance, a field is built up on the open side areas, which leads to radial radiation in usable sizes.

Wenn man diese Anordnung mit der Seite der Massebezugsfläche dicht anliegend über einer großen leitenden, ebenen Fläche positioniert oder wenn die Massebezugsfläche selbst sehr viel größer als das mit dem Innenleiter verbundene Flächensegment ist, erhält man eine Strahlungscharakteristik ähnlich der eines Monopols, mit Rundumstrahlung in der Horizontalebene (d.h. in der Ebene der beiden Flächenelemente).
Die Abmessungen des an den Innenleiter angeschlossenen Flächensegments orientieren sich üblicherweise an dem Maß eines Viertels der dem mittleren Betriebsfrequenzbereich entsprechenden Wellenlange (Abstand von der Seite mit der Kurzschlußverbindung zum gegenüberliegenden Rand).If you position this arrangement with the side of the ground reference surface close to a large conductive, flat surface or if the ground reference surface itself is much larger than the surface segment connected to the inner conductor, you get a radiation pattern similar to that of a monopoly, with all-round radiation in the horizontal plane (ie in the plane of the two surface elements).
The dimensions of the surface segment connected to the inner conductor are usually based on the measure of a quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the middle operating frequency range (distance from the side with the short-circuit connection to the opposite edge).

Der mechanische Aufbau - d.h. Anordnung der Strahlerkomponenten oberhalb einer relativ großen leitenden Ebene bzw. Massefläche und überhaupt die Notwendigkeit einer solchen Fläche - schränkt die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieses Antennentyps ein bzw. kann einen erheblichen Kostenfaktor darstellen.
Als Beispiel sei der in US-Patent Nr. 4 835 541 beschriebene Lösungsvorschlag für den Einsatz bei Kraftfahrzeugen angeführt. Die Flachantenne ist unterhalb der Dachschale eines Pkw angeordnet, die aus einem dielektrischen Material besteht. Das die Massebezugsfläche darstellende Flächenelement liegt auf einer Blechplatte größerer Abmessungen auf, und darunter ist - "zur Abschirmung des Fahrzeuginneren gegen das elektromagnetische Feld bei Betrieb der Antenne " - noch eine Metallfolie in den Abmesssungen der Dach-Innenverkleidung vorgesehen. Aus dem Wirkprinzip des zur Rede stehenden Antennentyps kann man ableiten, daß die großflächige Metallfolie nicht allein zum Schutz der Fahrzeuginsassen dient; tatsächlich unterstützt sie außerdem, als zweite wichtige Funktion, die Blechplatte in ihrer Einflußnahme auf den Feldaufbau und trägt wesentlich zur Verbesserung der Strahlungscharakteristik und der übrigen Betriebsparameter der Anordnung bei.
Der Einsatz einer Flachantenne dieses Typs scheint damit auf Strukturen eingeschränkt, bei denen große, möglichst ebene Flächen aus leitendem Material vorhanden sind bzw. sich realisieren lassen.The mechanical structure - that is, the arrangement of the radiator components above a relatively large conductive plane or ground plane and the necessity of such a plane in general - limits this Possible uses of this type of antenna or can represent a significant cost factor.
As an example, the proposed solution for use in motor vehicles described in US Pat. No. 4,835,541 is given. The flat antenna is arranged below the roof shell of a car, which is made of a dielectric material. The surface element representing the ground reference surface rests on a sheet metal plate of larger dimensions, and underneath - "for shielding the vehicle interior against the electromagnetic field when the antenna is operating" - a metal foil is also provided in the dimensions of the roof lining. From the principle of operation of the type of antenna in question, it can be deduced that the large-area metal foil is not only used to protect the vehicle occupants; in fact, it also, as a second important function, supports the sheet metal plate in influencing the field structure and contributes significantly to improving the radiation characteristics and the other operating parameters of the arrangement.
The use of a flat antenna of this type thus appears to be restricted to structures in which large, as flat as possible surfaces made of conductive material are available or can be implemented.

Demgegenüber leitet sich die vorliegende Erfindung aus der Frage ab, ob es möglich ist, die Flachantenne auch bei Kraftfahrzeugen mit durchgehend metallischer Karosserie anzuwenden, ohne daß die Antenne als Aufsatzmodul ausgebildet wird und sichtbar über die Fahrzeugkonturen hinausragt, d.h. ob sie z.B. auch hinter bestimmten Fensterscheiben eines Fahrzeugs angeordnet werden kann.In contrast, the present invention is derived from the question of whether it is possible to use the flat antenna even in motor vehicles with a continuously metallic body, without the antenna being designed as an attachment module and projecting visibly beyond the vehicle contours, i.e. whether they e.g. can also be arranged behind certain window panes of a vehicle.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die mechanischen Abmessungen von Flachantennen der im Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs angegebenen Gattung, insbesondere die Abmessungen der Massebezugsfläche bzw. der Masse-Ebene und die Bauhöhe, zu verringern, ohne daß die Funktion und die Betriebsparameter der Antenne ungünstig beeinflußt werden.The invention has for its object to reduce the mechanical dimensions of flat antennas of the type specified in the preamble of the main claim, in particular the dimensions of the ground reference surface or the ground plane and the overall height, without the function and the operating parameters of the antenna being adversely affected .

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Hauptanspruchs angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Die Unteransprüche enthalten bevorzugte Ausführungsvarianten und -details.This object is achieved with the features specified in the characterizing part of the main claim. The subclaims contain preferred design variants and details.

Durch die Erfindung ist es gelungen, den für den hier beschriebenen Flachantennentyp charakteristischen Aufbau des elektromagnetischen Felds oberhalb der Ebene der Massebezugsfläche, in der Form der Querstrahlung ähnlich einem Monopol, beizubehalten, obwohl die Massebezugsfläche bzw. sonst notwendige Masse-Ebene auf ein Minimum reduziert werden konnte. Die erfindungsgemäße Antenne kann im oberen oder unteren Randbereich der Front- oder Heckscheibe eines Pkw angeordnet werden, ohne daß die Sicht für die Insassen beeinträchtigt wird. Dem kommt auch die meist recht starke Schrägstellung dieser Scheiben bei modernen Fahrzeugen zugute - die Projektion des Antennenkörpers in der Blickrichtung der Insassen bildet eine durch die Schrägstellung der Scheibe kleinere Fläche. Die Neigung der Scheiben ist gleichzeitig wesentliche Voraussetzung für die einwandfreie Funktion der Antenne als Funkantenne, bei der ja weitgehend Rundumstrahlung im horizontalen Strahlungsdiagramm gefordert ist. Bis zu einer Neigung von 40° gegen die Waagerechte ist diese Bedingung mit der erfindinngsgemäßen Anordnung mit Sicherheit erfüllbar. Die erfindungsgemäße feldformende Wirkung der muldenartigen Massebezugsfläche wird durch die benachbarten metallischen Karosserieflächen und -teile in dieser Richtung unterstützt.The invention has succeeded in maintaining the structure of the electromagnetic field above the plane of the ground reference surface, which is characteristic of the flat antenna type described here, in the form of transverse radiation similar to a monopoly, although the ground reference surface or otherwise necessary ground plane are reduced to a minimum could. The antenna according to the invention can be arranged in the upper or lower edge region of the front or rear window of a car without impairing the view for the occupants. This is also benefited by the usually quite steep inclination of these windows in modern vehicles - the projection of the antenna body in the direction of view of the occupants forms a smaller area due to the inclination of the window. The inclination of the panes is at the same time an essential prerequisite for the proper functioning of the antenna as a radio antenna, which largely requires all-round radiation in the horizontal radiation diagram. Up to an inclination of 40 ° to the horizontal, this condition can be met with certainty with the arrangement according to the invention. The field-shaping effect according to the invention of the trough-like ground reference surface is supported in this direction by the adjacent metallic body surfaces and parts.

Mit der Verringerung der Abmessungen der Massebezugsfläche korrespondiert das erfindungsgemäße Merkmal der Änderung der Einspeisung. Bei den Lösungen des bekannten Stands der Technik, mit üblicher Ausbildung der Flächenelemente z.B. aus Blech, erfolgen die Anschlüsse an den Außenleiter und an den Innenleiter des Speisekabels im Innenbereich der beiden Flächenelemente, z.B. im oder nahe dem Zentrum. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Verlegung beider Anschlußpunkte an außen und durch die Verbindung des Innenleiters des Kabels mit dem Flächensegment über das zusätzliche periphäre Leitungsstück wurde eine Verringerung des Abstands zwischen den beiden Flächenelementen und damit der Bauhöhe der gesamten Anordnung um etwa 30 % gegenüber den vergleichbaren Lösungen des Stands der Technik möglich - das können 3 bis 5 mm sein.The feature according to the invention of changing the feed corresponds to the reduction in the dimensions of the ground reference area. In the solutions of the known prior art, with the usual design of the surface elements, for example made of sheet metal, the connections to the outer conductor and to the inner conductor of the feed cable are made in the interior of the two surface elements, for example in or near the center. By laying both connection points according to the invention on the outside and by connecting the inner conductor of the cable to the surface segment via the additional peripheral line piece, the distance between the two surface elements and thus the overall height of the entire arrangement was reduced by approximately 30% compared to the comparable solutions of the stand technology possible - this can be 3 to 5 mm.

Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung stellt sich dar als flaches Modul mit relativ kleinen Flächenabmessungen.
Wenn diese Antenne im Fahrzeuginneren an einer Front- oder Heckscheibe im oberen oder unteren Randbereich positioniert wird, dann ist von innen die Rückseite der Massebezugsfläche sichtbar, die aus dieser Perspektive leicht konvex gewölbt ist bzw. sich zu ihren Rändern hin verjüngt.The arrangement according to the invention presents itself as a flat module with relatively small area dimensions.
If this antenna is positioned on the inside of a front or rear window in the upper or lower edge area, then the rear of the ground reference surface is visible from the inside, which is slightly convex from this perspective or tapers towards the edges.

Die Abstrahlung von HF-Energie in den Fahrzeuginnenraum wird allein durch den erfindinngsgemäßen, mit der Wölbung der Massebezugsfläche erzielten Effekt soweit ausgeschaltet, daß auch bei Sendebetrieb innerhalb relativ großraumiger Versorgungszellen nie eine Überschreitung der physiologisch unbedenklichen genormten Werte der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit (EMV) eintritt.
Die im letzten Unteranspruch benannte Möglichkeit, die Scheibe in der Umgebung der Massebezugsfläche mit leitfähigen Aufträgen für die der Funkfrequenz entsprechende Welle undurchlässig zu machen, ist eine zusätzliche, an sich bekannte Maßnahme, die hier angewendet werden kann, um letzte Sicherheitsbedenken auszuräumen und um die Strahlungscharakteristik noch weiter zu optimieren.The emission of RF energy into the vehicle interior is switched off to the extent that the curvature of the ground reference area alone achieves the effect that even when transmitting within relatively large supply cells, the physiologically acceptable standard values of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are never exceeded.
The option mentioned in the last subclaim to make the pane in the vicinity of the ground reference surface impermeable to conductive waves for the wave corresponding to the radio frequency is an additional measure known per se that can be used here to clear up any safety concerns and to remove the radiation characteristics to optimize even further.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung werden ebenso wirksam, wenn die Antenne an anderem Ort als in Kraftfahrzeugen eingesetzt wird.
Die Reduzierung der notwendigen Massebezugsfläche bzw. Masse-Ebene und auch die insgesamt vergleichsweise geringen Außenabmessungen gestatten die Ausbildung eines kompakten, relativ vielseitig einsatzfähigen Moduls, das noch dazu kostengünstig zu fertigen ist.The advantages of the invention are also effective if the antenna is used in a location other than in motor vehicles.
The reduction in the necessary ground reference area or mass level and also the overall comparatively small external dimensions allow the formation of a compact, relatively versatile module that can also be manufactured inexpensively.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden an Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. In der zugehörigen Zeichnung zeigen in schematischer Darstellung

Figur 1.
Herkömmliche Flachantennenanordnung
Figur 2.
Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Flachantenne
Figur 3.
Erfindungsgemäße Flachantenne für ein Kraftfahrzeug
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments. In the accompanying drawing show a schematic representation
Figure 1
Conventional flat antenna arrangement
Figure 2.
Section through a flat antenna according to the invention
Figure 3.
Flat antenna according to the invention for a motor vehicle

Figur 1 zeigt die schon erwähnte Antenne nach US-Patent Nr. 4 835 541. Die Antenne besteht aus dem zu einem gleichschenkligen "U" gebogenen Blechstreifen 1 und aus der Blechplatte 2. Jeder der beiden U-Schenkel hat - für einen Betriebsfrequenzbereich von 800 bis 900 MHz - die Abmessungen 7,62 x 8,71 cm, das Maß zwischen den Schenkelflächen beträgt 12,7 mm und die Blechplatte mißt 25,4 x 33,18 cm.
Das Speisekabel 3 ist durch den Außenleiter im Punkt 4 mit dem auf der Blechplatte aufliegenden U-Schenkel und durch den Innenleiter im Speisepunkt 5 mit dem darüberliegenden Schenkel verbunden. Unterhalb der Blechplatte 2 befindet sich die Metallfolie 6, die der Abschirmung des Fahrzeug-Innenraums dienen soll, und darüber die Dachschale 7 aus Kunststoff. Die Folie 6 hat die gleichen Abmessungen wie die darunterliegende, den Aufbau abschließende Dach-Innenverkleidung.FIG. 1 shows the already mentioned antenna according to US Pat. No. 4,835,541. The antenna consists of the sheet metal strip 1 bent into an isosceles "U" and of the sheet metal plate 2. Each of the two U legs has an operating frequency range of 800 up to 900 MHz - the dimensions 7.62 x 8.71 cm, the dimension between the leg surfaces is 12.7 mm and the sheet metal plate measures 25.4 x 33.18 cm.
The feed cable 3 is connected by the outer conductor in point 4 to the U-leg resting on the sheet metal plate and by the inner conductor in feed point 5 to the leg above. Below the sheet metal plate 2 there is the metal foil 6, which is intended to shield the interior of the vehicle, and above the roof shell 7 made of plastic. The film 6 has the same dimensions as the underlying roof lining that completes the structure.

Figur 2 verdeutlicht das Prinzip der vorliegenden Erfindung. Die Masseebene ist hier auf die muldenförmige Massebezugsfläche 8 reduziert, die aus Blech oder aus einer auf der konkaven Seite metallisierten Kunststoffschale besteht und gleichzeitig als Gehäuseteil dient. Mit dem leitenden Material der Schale ist über den Kurzschluß 9 das Flächensegment 10 verbunden. Die Schale ist ihrerseits galvanisch und mechanisch an die Masse 11 angeschlossen. Mit 12 ist das Leiterteil bezeichnet, das das Flächensegment 10 über den dem Kurzschluß gegenüberliegenden Rand hinaus mit dem Innenleiter des Speisekabels 3 verbindet. Wie schon angedeutet, kann das Leiterteil 12 auch als verlängerter und rechtwinklig abgeknickter Kabel-Innenleiter ausgeführt werden.
Die Antenne ist mit einer dielektrischen Abdeckung oder Haube 13 versehen.Figure 2 illustrates the principle of the present invention. The ground plane is reduced here to the trough-shaped ground reference surface 8, which consists of sheet metal or a plastic shell metallized on the concave side and at the same time serves as a housing part. With the conductive material of the shell, the surface segment 10 is connected via the short circuit 9. The shell is in turn galvanically and mechanically connected to ground 11. The conductor part is designated by 12, which connects the surface segment 10 to the inner conductor of the feed cable 3 via the edge opposite the short circuit. As already indicated, the conductor part 12 can also be designed as an extended and right-angled cable inner conductor.
The antenna is provided with a dielectric cover or hood 13.

Figur 3 zeigt - ebenfalls schematisch - eine praktische Ausführung für die Anbringung hinter der Front- oder Heckscheibe eines Pkw. Die annähernd trapezförmige Kontur von Massebezugsfläche und Gehäuseteil 8 ist nicht Bedingung, sondern hat sich u.a. unter gestalterischen Gesichtpunkten ergeben. Das leitende Material der Schale und Massebezugsfläche 8 ist über den Flansch 14 großflächig mit der Masse 11, hier also der Randzone der Dach-Blechschale oder dem Dachholm, verbunden und ragt hinter der Scheibe 15 über die Kante 16 der Scheibenumrandung in den Fensterbereich hinein.
Bei dem ausgeführten Beispiel einer Kfz-Antenne für 900 MHz hat das Leiterteil 12 eine Länge von 18 mm, und der Abstand des Flächensegments 10 von der Massebezugsfläche 8 beträgt in seinem Randbereich etwa 10 mm. Der Abstand kann durch Verlängerung des eine Induktivität darstellenden Leiterteils 12 weiter verringert werden; darüber hinaus ist denkbar, an Stelle des Leiterteils 12 z.B. eine Spule zu verwenden - man erhielte dann bei vergleichbarer Wirkung eine Maßverringerung auch an dieser Stelle.
Hier gilt, wie auch sonst beim Antennendesign, die generelle Aussage: sämtliche Maße, Maßverhältnisse und Parameter der Antenne sind abhängig von einer Reihe spezifischer Faktoren und Bedingungen des jeweiligen Einsatzfalls (mit z.T. auch noch konträren Tendenzen), wie Frequenzbereich und erforderliche Bandbreite, Anpassung an weiterführende Netzwerke sowie Einfluß der beteiligten Materialien und umgebenden Konstruktionen und Strukturen, und sie müssen in jedem Fall durch individuelle Gestaltung und Abstimmung optimiert werden.Figure 3 shows - also schematically - a practical design for mounting behind the front or rear window of a car. The approximately trapezoidal contour of the ground reference surface and housing part 8 is not a condition, but has arisen, among other things, from a design point of view. The conductive material of the shell and ground reference surface 8 is largely connected to the mass 11 via the flange 14, here the edge zone of the roof sheet metal shell or the roof spar, and protrudes behind the pane 15 via the edge 16 of the pane border into the window area.
In the exemplary embodiment of a motor vehicle antenna for 900 MHz, the conductor part 12 has a length of 18 mm, and the distance of the surface segment 10 from the ground reference surface 8 is in its Edge area about 10 mm. The distance can be further reduced by extending the conductor part 12, which represents an inductance; In addition, it is conceivable to use a coil instead of the conductor part 12 - one would then obtain a reduction in size at this point with a comparable effect.
Here, as is the case with antenna design, the general statement applies: all dimensions, proportions and parameters of the antenna depend on a number of specific factors and conditions of the respective application (with sometimes conflicting tendencies), such as frequency range and required bandwidth, adjustment to further networks as well as the influence of the materials involved and surrounding constructions and structures, and they must in any case be optimized by individual design and coordination.

Claims (8)

Flachantenne für Frequenzen im GHz-Bereich, bestehend aus einem Flächensegment aus Blech oder leitender Folie oder einer leitenden Beschichtung, das über einer größeren leitenden Fläche, mit einem geringen Abstand und planparallel dazu, angeordnet ist und das in einem Randbereich mit der größeren Fläche kurzschlußartig in leitender Verbindung steht, wobei das Flächensegment mit dem Innenleiter eines speisenden Koaxialkabels und die größere Fläche mit dem Außenleiter des Kabels verbunden ist und wobei die größere Fläche die Massebezugsfläche der Anordnung darstellt,
gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Merkmale: - Die größere leitende Fläche, die die Massebezugsfläche (8) bildet, ist in mindestens einer Koordinatenachse zum Rand hin beidseitig hochgewölbt oder bildet unter dem Flächensegment (10) im Querschnitt eine flache Mulde, - das Verhältnis der Flächeninhalte der Massebezugsfläche (8) und des Flächensegments (10) beträgt mindestens 4 zu 1, wobei das Flächensegment (10) vorzugsweise etwa zentrisch über der Massebezugsfläche (8) angeordnet ist, - die Massebezugsfläche (8) ist in einem größeren Randbereich mit einem vergleichsweise großen Masse-Element (11) leitend, vorzugsweise galvanisch, verbunden, - die Speisung erfolgt vorzugsweise unter Zwischenschaltung eines Leitungsstücks (12), das den Rand des Flächensegments (10) an der dem Kurzschluß gegenüberliegenden Seite, über den Rand des Flächensegments hinausragend, mit dem Innenleiter des Koaxialkabels (3) verbindet, oder der Innenleiter ist selbst, über ein Stück freigelegt, quasi als Verlängerung in der Ebene des Flächensegments (10) ausgebildet. Flat antenna for frequencies in the GHz range, consisting of a surface segment made of sheet metal or conductive foil or a conductive coating, which is arranged over a larger conductive surface, with a small distance and plane-parallel to it, and which is short-circuited in an edge region with the larger surface is conductive connection, the surface segment being connected to the inner conductor of a feeding coaxial cable and the larger surface being connected to the outer conductor of the cable and the larger surface being the ground reference surface of the arrangement,
characterized by the following features: - The larger conductive surface, which forms the ground reference surface (8), is arched up on both sides in at least one coordinate axis towards the edge or forms a flat trough in cross section under the surface segment (10), - The ratio of the area contents of the mass reference surface (8) and the surface segment (10) is at least 4 to 1, the surface segment (10) preferably being arranged approximately centrally above the mass reference surface (8), the ground reference surface (8) is conductively, preferably galvanically, connected to a comparatively large mass element (11) in a larger edge area, - The supply is preferably carried out with the interposition of a line section (12) that connects the edge of the surface segment (10) on the opposite side of the short circuit, projecting beyond the edge of the surface segment, with the inner conductor of the coaxial cable (3), or the inner conductor itself , exposed over a piece, quasi as an extension in the plane of the surface segment (10). Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als Mobilfunk-Antenne für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit den folgenden Merkmalen: - Die Antenne ist unterhalb eines aus dielektrischem Material bestehenden Teils (13, 15) der Karosserieaußenfläche, quasi anliegend, im Fahrzeuginneren angeordnet, wobei das Karosserie-Außenteil (13, 15) horizontal sein oder vorzugsweise um nicht mehr als 40° gegen die Waagerechte geneigt sein soll, - die Massebezugsfläche (8) ist an einer Seite breitflächig, vorzugsweise über einen Flansch (14), mit einem metallischen Teil (11) der Karosserie, vorzugsweise einem Holm oder Blechteilen der Karosserie, verbunden und liegt mit den übrigen Randbereichen umlaufend an der Innenfläche des Außenteils (13, 15) aus dielektrischem Material an. Flat antenna according to claim 1, characterized by the use as a mobile radio antenna for a motor vehicle, with the following features: - The antenna is, so to speak, underneath a part (13, 15) of the body outer surface consisting of dielectric material adjacent, arranged inside the vehicle, the outer body part (13, 15) being horizontal or preferably not inclined by more than 40 ° to the horizontal, - The ground reference surface (8) is broad on one side, preferably via a flange (14), with a metallic part (11) of the body, preferably a spar or sheet metal parts of the body, connected and is circumferential with the other edge areas on the inner surface of the Outer part (13, 15) made of dielectric material. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1 und 2, gekennzeichnet durch die Anordnung vorzugsweise im oberen Bereich der Front- oder der Heckscheibe (15) eines Fahrzeugs, wobei die Massebezugsfläche (8) im oberen Randbereich mit dem Dachholm oder dem Dachblech (11) galvanisch verbunden ist und mit den übrigen Randbereichen umlaufend an der Scheibe (15) anliegt.Flat antenna according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by the arrangement preferably in the upper region of the front or rear window (15) of a vehicle, the ground reference surface (8) in the upper edge region being galvanically connected to the roof spar or roof sheet (11) and with the rest of the peripheral areas abuts the disc (15). Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußeren Konturen der Massebezugsfläche (8) der Form des Flächensegments (10) weitgehend angepaßt sind, so daß sich eine etwa gleich breite Zone zwischen dem Flächensegment (10) und dem Außenrand der Massebezugsfläche (8) ergibt.Flat antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer contours of the ground reference surface (8) are largely adapted to the shape of the surface segment (10), so that there is an approximately equally wide zone between the surface segment (10) and the outer edge of the ground reference surface (8) results. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kurzschlußverbindung (9) zwischen dem Flächensegment (10) und der Massebezugsfläche (8) vorzugsweise auf der dem Masseanschluß der Massebezugsfläche (8) abgewandten Seite vorgesehen ist.Flat antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the short-circuit connection (9) between the surface segment (10) and the ground reference surface (8) is preferably provided on the side facing away from the ground connection of the ground reference surface (8). Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umrandung der gewölbten Massebezugsfläche (8) als mit einem stumpfen Winkel an die dielektrische Abdeckung stoßender niedriger Steg ausgebildet sein kann.Flat antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the border of the curved ground reference surface (8) can be designed as a low web abutting the dielectric cover at an obtuse angle. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antenne aus Formkörpern aus dielektrischem Material aufgebaut ist, wobei die leitenden Flächenelemente durch Aufspritzen oder Zwischenfügen von metallischen Folien oder von Folien mit leitender Beschichtung gebildet werden.Flat antenna according to Claim 1, characterized in that the antenna is constructed from molded articles made of dielectric material, the conductive surface elements being sprayed on or Interposition of metallic foils or foils with a conductive coating are formed. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Außenteil (13, 15) aus dielektrischem Material in der Umgebung der Massebezugsfläche (8) mit einer leitenden Beschichtung oder mit dünnen Leiterbahnen versehen sein kann, die für die der Betriebsfrequenz entsprechenden Wellenlänge undurchlässig sind und eine Fortsetzung der Massebezugsfläche (8) darstellen.Flat antenna according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the outer part (13, 15) made of dielectric material in the vicinity of the ground reference surface (8) can be provided with a conductive coating or with thin conductor tracks which are impermeable to the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency and represent a continuation of the ground reference surface (8).
EP97105206A 1996-04-09 1997-03-27 Flat antenna Withdrawn EP0801435A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19614068 1996-04-09
DE19614068A DE19614068A1 (en) 1996-04-09 1996-04-09 Flat antenna

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EP0801435A2 true EP0801435A2 (en) 1997-10-15
EP0801435A3 EP0801435A3 (en) 1998-08-19

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DE19614068A1 (en) 1997-10-16
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