EP0794392B2 - Aus Leichtmetall gegossener, im wesentlichen zylindrischer Wärmetauscher - Google Patents

Aus Leichtmetall gegossener, im wesentlichen zylindrischer Wärmetauscher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0794392B2
EP0794392B2 EP97200702A EP97200702A EP0794392B2 EP 0794392 B2 EP0794392 B2 EP 0794392B2 EP 97200702 A EP97200702 A EP 97200702A EP 97200702 A EP97200702 A EP 97200702A EP 0794392 B2 EP0794392 B2 EP 0794392B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
casting core
wall
casting
water duct
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP97200702A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0794392A1 (de
EP0794392B1 (de
Inventor
Jan Hubertus Deckers
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INTERDOMO/DE DIETRICH HEIZTECHNIK GMBH
Riello SpA
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Interdomo/De Dietrich Heiztechnik GmbH
Riello SpA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/026—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled and formed by bent members, e.g. plates, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/43—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/124—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and being formed of pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F28F1/424—Means comprising outside portions integral with inside portions
    • F28F1/426—Means comprising outside portions integral with inside portions the outside portions and the inside portions forming parts of complementary shape, e.g. concave and convex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/14—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes molded

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger.
  • a heat exchanger is known from French patent specification 854.120 .
  • FR 854.120 discloses a heat exchanger comprising a closed cylindrical inner wall, enclosing a burner space, whereby a water duct is formed around said inner wall, between said inner wall and an outer wall. On one side the water duct is provided with an inlet and on the other side with an outlet. The inlet and outlet are set diametrically.
  • the water duct is manufactured with an open top side, which is closed after removal of the relevant mold part.
  • the water duct is formed by a single chamber completely surrounding said burner chamber. From said inner wall a number of ribs extends radially for enlarging the heat exchanging surface.
  • This known heat exchanger is simple in construction but has the disadvantage that the flow of water between the inlet and outlet is substantially free.
  • the effective length of the water duct between the inlet and outlet is approximately half the circumferential length of the inner or outer wall. This results during use in pour heat transfer between heated gases and water in said water duct.
  • a further heat exchanger is known from European patent specification EP-A-0 547 641 .
  • This known heat exchanger comprises two box-shaped parts attached to each other with the open sides facing each other, with the inclusion of a burner space.
  • Each part comprises, at the side thereof facing the burner space, a number of series and columns of projections that increase the heat-transferring area, which projections always extend in the same direction towards each other in the mounted condition of the heat exchanger, and have their free ends approximately abutting against each other.
  • each part At the outside remote from the projections, each part comprises a water duct extending zig-zag from the bottom upwards.
  • the lateral sides of the heat exchanger are formed by substantially closed, flat walls.
  • This known heat exchanger has as a drawback that the heat-transferring area is relatively small compared with the dimensions of the heat exchanger. As a consequence, the efficiency is not optimal.
  • a water duct extends on two sides of the heat exchanger only, the other sides are clear and act as radiation surface to the environment, so that heat is lost, particularly when no or insufficient insulation measures are taken.
  • the projections are arranged so that they transfer the heat in a favorable manner to the or each water duct, which means that they all connect to the parts of each heat exchanger part that face the water duct.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger of the type described in the preamble of the main claim, wherein the drawbacks mentioned are avoided, while the advantages thereof are retained.
  • a heat exchanger and burner according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 1.
  • the substantially cylindrical form of the heat exchanger provides a favorable ratio between the contents and the wall surface of a heat exchanger.
  • the water duct extends along at least almost the entire outside of the heat exchanger, so that the heat of the flue gases is optimally used and heat radiation to the environment is minimized.
  • the heat exchanger is as it were insulated by a water jacket.
  • the elements increasing the heat-transferring area extend inwardly from the inner wall while they are distributed along the entire inner circumference of the section at least in a portion of the heat exchanger, the heat of the flue gases is optimally taken up and distributed over the entire circumference of the inner wall and thus transferred to the water duct. Consequently, substantial temperature differences over the inner wall are prevented in a simple manner.
  • a heat exchanger according to the invention can be manufactured and employed in a simple manner and is economical in production, use and maintenance.
  • the water duct wound spiral-wise around the inner wall, has the advantage that the casting core or casting core parts can readily be removed therefrom, because no or at least few bends occur therein.
  • the water duct extends in a flowing manner, like a snake around the cylindrical inner wall. This prevents core material, for instance sand, wax or plastic, from staying behind in parts of the water duct and fouling and damaging the apparatus.
  • such a spirally wound water duct has the advantage that the water resistance of the heat exchanger is low, at least lower than in the case of a water duct that extends zigzag.
  • the advantage is for instance achieved that a water pump of a lower capacity can be used, that there can be a more accurate control, that a longer water duct or greater powers can be used and like advantages.
  • the water duct can be cleaned more properly and foulings are more simply prevented from adhering in the water duct during use.
  • a further advantage of arranging a spirally wound water duct is that a casting core required therefor can be fitted and supported in a mold in a simpler manner, so that the manufacture of such a heat exchanger is simpler, all the more because the number of core holes in the water duct that are to be finished and sealed after casting is smaller than in the case of the known heat exchangers. For instance, with one core support, two windings of the water duct that lie side by side can in each case be supported.
  • a heat exchanger and burner according to the invention is further characterized by the features of claim 2.
  • a heat exchanger constructed in one piece has the advantage that this requires fewer assembling operations during the production of a heating apparatus designed therewith, and that, moreover, sealing problems of parts of a heat exchanger are avoided. Accordingly, such a heat exchanger is cheaper and more reliable in production and use.
  • a heat exchanger and burner according to the invention is further characterized by the features of claim 3.
  • Such a heat exchanger can be manufactured as follows.
  • a casting core for the water duct is formed by forming a cast of the water duct in, for instance, molding sand or wax.
  • This casting core is then removed in for instance two parts from the or each mold, and, next, the parts are interconnected to form a complete first casting core. If the walls of the water duct extended completely spiral-wise and without the above-mentioned clearing spaces therebetween around the inner wall, the core parts would be damaged during removing, because a part thereof would be stuck behind a non-clearing part of each winding of this wall.
  • the clearing spaces on the division seam of the first casting core i.e.
  • each casting core part can be removed without damage.
  • such a heat exchanger and burner according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 4.
  • the water duct wall is actually wound substantially entirely spiral-wise, and the clearing spaces are formed by profiles on the water duct wall.
  • the water duct so as to be alternately inclined and right-angled relative to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger, so that the right-angled part in each case forms a space that can be cleared in tangential direction. This does create a slightly larger number of bends in the water duct, but these bends can be relatively faint.
  • a heat exchanger and burner according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 5.
  • a casting core for at least the burner space, the elements increasing the heat-transferring area, and the inner wall can be formed in a particularly simple manner without this requiring moving parts in the mold. Moreover, the elements increasing the heat-transferring area can thus be readily and optimally distributed over the surface of the inner wall.
  • the invention further relates to a casting core apparatus for manufacturing a heat exchanger according to the invention, characterized by the features of claim 9 or 10.
  • the invention moreover relates to a heating apparatus comprising a heat exchanger and burner according to the invention.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show, in sectional views, a heat exchanger 1 according to the invention.
  • the heat exchanger 1 comprises a cylindrical inner wall 2 and an outer wall 3 concentrically arranged around the inner wall 2. Included between the inner wall 2 and the outer wall 3 is a spiral-shaped water duct wall 4, whereby a spiral-shaped water duct 5 is formed on the outside of the inner wall 2. From the inside of the inner wall 2, projections 6 increasing the heat-transferring area extend inwardly in staggered rows and/or columns and approximately at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger 1. The shape and positions of the projections 6 will be further discussed hereinafter.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is formed in one piece through casting and is manufactured from light metal. Light metal should be understood to mean, at least, aluminum and aluminum alloys, brass and brass alloys.
  • the heat exchanger 1 has a substantially cylindrical shape, which means that an optimum ratio is obtained between contents and heat-transferring area.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is formed by means of a casting core assembly 7 as shown in Fig. 3 .
  • a quarter of the casting core assembly 7 has been left out. For clarity's sake, this quarter is schematically shown (in contour) in broken lines.
  • the casting core assembly 7 is of the type that is lost during or after the casting of the heat exchanger 1 and is for instance formed from sand, wax or synthetic material, such as polystyrene, or from combinations thereof. Moreover, parts such as slides can of course be included, which can in fact be reused, if necessary.
  • the casting core assembly 7 comprises an outer box B wherein the shape of the outside of the heat exchanger 1 is substantially fixed.
  • the casting core assembly 7 further comprises an inner core 8 and a water duct core 9. These cores are successively described.
  • the inner core 8 can be manufactured in portions and then be assembled from parts, or can be of a one-piece construction. Manufacturing the inner core 8 in portions has the advantage that the equipment required therefor is relatively cheap, yet the processing costs involved are relatively high. For manufacturing the inner core in one part, relatively costly equipment is necessary, yet an inner core 8 thus manufactured requires relatively little finishing.
  • the inner core 8 is composed of four sectors I-IV, to be referred to as segments 10.
  • Each segment 10 comprises about a quarter of the section of the space 11 enclosed within the inner wall 2, the opposite sectors I and III being substantially mirror-symmetrical, just as the opposite sectors II and IV.
  • the four sectors I-IV can also be equal to each other, in which case, for manufacturing the sectors, only one mold may suffice and, moreover, errors during the assembly of the inner core 8 are avoided.
  • Each sector I-IV comprises a large number of projections 6 which extend substantially parallel to each other, at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the sector I-IV in question.
  • the projections 6 extend so that they can be withdrawn, in such a manner that the sector in question, after the formation thereof, can be drawn from a mold used for the formation in the direction of the longitudinal edge C which, in a compound inner core 8, is directed towards the other sectors.
  • a thus formed segment 10 approximately has the shape of a quarter of a circle and has, in the convex outer face 12, a large number of parallel recesses 13, each having the shape of the projections 6 to be formed.
  • the side faces 14 of the sectors I-IV i.e. the faces which, in the compound inner core 8, abut against each other, are irregularly shaped.
  • a number of recesses 13' extend beyond the (fictitious) boundary line 15 of the quarter circle enclosed by the relevant sector 10. These recesses 13' extending therebeyond are provided so that in a compound inner core 8, they lie between recesses 13 in the adjoining side face 14 of the adjacent sector.
  • a suitable density of projections 6 on the different parts of the inner wall 2 is obtained, as a result of which, during use, no substantial differences in heat transfer are created, which is advantageous in terms of heat engineering and construction.
  • the sectors I-IV are glued together or joined otherwise with the side faces 14 against one another, to obtain the compound inner core 8 shown in Fig. 3 .
  • four sectors I-IV are opted for, but of course, a different number can be chosen as well, for instance two semicircular sectors or more than four, which may be advantageous, in particular in the case of relatively large dimensions of the heat exchanger.
  • the direction of the projections 6 will always have to be chosen depending on the number of sectors.
  • a tool having different movable parts (four in the embodiment shown) is used.
  • a cylinder wherein projections extend inwardly in the desired pattern, is filled with, for instance, molding sand, which is allowed to harden. Then, the projections are withdrawn outwards in segments until they extend entirely outside the molding sand.
  • the cylinder can be divided into four quadrants, each comprising projections 6 fixedly connected thereto, in accordance with the segments I-IV of the segmented inner core 8. When these four quadrants are being drawn away, the entire inner core 8 is then directly clear.
  • the projections 6 can also be withdrawable through the wall of the cylinder, after which the inner core 8 should subsequently be removed from the cylinder, which cylinder can, of course, also be divisible for that purpose.
  • This also permits the use of projections that have such a position relative to each other that they are not jointly withdrawable, for instance radial projections. They can then be withdrawn simultaneously or individually in the suitable direction if they are moveable independently of each other.
  • similar projections can be used, which is advantageous for the heat transfer and minimizes stresses in the cast heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger shown in the drawing can of course also be manufactured in this manner.
  • the water duct core 9 is manufactured in two parts in one or more molds 16 and is schematically partly shown in Fig. 4 .
  • the water duct core 9 is formed in two parts 9', 9", but a different number of parts can of course be used as well. Two parts has the advantage that relatively few joints are necessary, while the core parts 9', 9" can still be manufactured relatively simply. Moreover, these core parts 9', 9" can readily be provided around the inner core 8. Further, it is possible to construct the water duct core 9 in one piece, in particular in the case of relatively short heat exchangers, wherein the mold 16 can for instance be screwed from the formed water duct core 9.
  • the water duct 5 is substantially spiral-shaped, wound around the outside of the inner wall 2 of the heat exchanger 1.
  • the water duct 5 being spiral-shaped, the water duct core 9 can readily be removed after casting, because no bends of about 90° or even of 180° are included, as in the known heat exchangers. This means that fewer or even no openings for cleaning the water duct need to be included, which means that fewer finishing operations of the cast heat exchanger 1 are necessary. Further advantages will be further discussed hereinafter.
  • Fig. 4A is an enlarged view of a clearing space 17 between two wall parts 4 of the water duct 5, in a first embodiment.
  • the clearing direction of the core parts 9', 9" of the mold 16 is at right angles to the plane of the drawing.
  • the wall parts 4 are thickened so that the space therebetween has, in each case, no undercuts in at least the clearing direction, i.e. when the heat exchanger 1 is held vertically and, accordingly, the water duct 5 extends upwards/downwards spiral-wise, the relevant wall parts are approximately parallel or receding in the clearing direction. This permits the portion of the core parts 9 therebetween to be drawn away without parts being left behind undercuts. This means that the core parts 9', 9" can be removed and joined together to form the desired water duct core 9 without damage.
  • Fig. 4B shows an alternative embodiment of the wall parts 4 of the water duct 5, wherein, at the location where the two parts 9', 9" of the casting core 9 come together, the wall parts 4 are bent to enclose the desired clearing space 17.
  • the wall parts 4 are slightly bent relative to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger, to obtain a slightly stepped water duct 5 extending spiral-wise around the inner wall 2 of the heat exchanger 1.
  • Each water duct core part 9, 9" comprises a series of parallel, approximately semicircular parts 31. These parts are interconnected by a transverse beam 18 on which the parts 31 are arranged, via support pins 19. The parts 31 are slightly oblique relative to the longitudinal direction of the beam 18 and together form, when the core parts 9', 9" are joined together, a representation in, for instance, molding sand of the water duct 5.
  • casting core 9 it is also possible to form the casting core 9 by means of a mold 16 provided with slides or the like, or by means of a mold 16 of the lost type, which means that it is lost during or after the formation of the casting core 9.
  • the casting core assembly 7 is rendered ready for use through the following steps.
  • a cast is provided of a first half of the outside contour of the heat exchanger, i.e. it is substantially determined by the outer wall 3.
  • a first part 9' of the water duct core 9 is placed, with the beam 18 being received in the first outer box part so that only the support pins 19 and the parts 31 extend inside the hollow.
  • the support pins 19 have such a length that the parts are spaced from the inside of the hollow at a distance corresponding to the desired wall thickness of the outer wall 3, for instance some millimeters.
  • the inner core 8 is placed in the parts 31 and spaced therefrom at a distance corresponding to the desired thickness of the inner wall 2.
  • the second part 9" of the water duct core 9 and the second outer box B" containing a cast of the second half of the outside contour of the heat exchanger are provided over the inner core in a similar manner, to obtain a substantially closed casting box B.
  • a number of gates and risers for feeding therein the casting melt, for instance aluminum or brass or alloys of one or both metals.
  • the casting box is opened and the casting cores are removed, i.e. in so far as they have not disappeared already during casting. Because the water duct 5 is formed so as to be continuous, the removal of at least the water duct core 9 is simple, while for removing the inner core, sufficient space is present within the heat exchanger. After the removal of the casting cores, the openings in the walls of the heat exchanger are closed, wherever this is necessary, and the heat exchanger can be finished and incorporated into, for instance, a heating apparatus.
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a portion of a heating apparatus 20 comprising a heat exchanger 1 according to the invention.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is vertically arranged, i.e. the longitudinal axis thereof extends in a vertical plane.
  • a cylindrical burner 21 is inserted into the heat exchanger 1, which has for instance a jacket-shaped burner deck 22.
  • the burner has a relatively slight length compared with the heat exchanger 1.
  • a feed pipe 23 which, at the opposite end thereof, is connected to a fan 24.
  • a combustible gas or gas-air mixture is fed under pressure to the burner 21, wherein it is combusted.
  • the hot flue gases are then forced between the projections 6.
  • an impeller 25 is inserted between the projections 6 in the inner space of the heat exchanger, to a position adjacent the burner 1.
  • This impeller 25 fills up the space 11 below the burner 21 between the projections 6, whereby the flue gases are forced to flow between the staggered projections 6 while transferring the heat to the projections 6 and, directly or indirectly, to the inner wall 2.
  • the impeller 25 is for instance a cylinder filled with fire-proof, heat-resistant fibers, or a ceramic bush. At least a number of the projections 6 almost abut against the outside of the impeller 25.
  • a flue gas discharge 26 connects to the inner space of the heat exchanger 1.
  • the flue gases can condense in the heat exchanger 1 and are discharged via the flue gas discharge 26.
  • a condensate discharge opening 27 Included in the flue gas discharge 26, which is U-shaped in the embodiment shown, is a condensate discharge opening 27, which is for instance closable by means of a cap 28.
  • the heat exchanger is substantially cylindrical, it is at least largely symmetrical. This means that both the feed pipe 23 and the flue gas discharge 26 can be arranged in almost any direction, which enables a flexible use. Moreover, sealings can readily be provided.
  • the water duct 5 Adjacent the lower end, the water duct 5 is connected to a return pipe 29 and adjacent the upper end, it is connected to a feed pipe 30 of, for instance, a heating circuit (not shown).
  • a heating circuit (not shown).
  • water is passed through the water duct 5 and heated by means of the heat emitted by the flue gases.
  • the water duct 5 encompasses almost the entire heat exchanger 1, little heat is lost to the environment, while no specific insulating measures are necessary.
  • the water duct 5 extends spiral-wise and has no sharp angles, the water duct has a low water resistance, so that a pump of a relatively small capacity and/or a relatively long water duct 5 can be used, which means that relatively substantial powers are possible with a heating apparatus according to the invention. This also enables the cleaning of the water duct 5 to be carried out in a relatively simple manner.
  • the length of the projections 6 in the top part of the heat exchanger 1 is adjusted.
  • the projections are relatively short, so that the ends thereof are spaced from the burner deck 22.
  • the length of the projections 6 gradually increases, in downward direction, to a maximum, which means that at that location, the projections 6 have a staggered configuration. This enables the flue gases to reach the projections 6 around the impeller 25 almost without any resistance, so that the flue gases are not directly cooled down quickly.
  • the projections can be of alternately different lengths, which reduces the flow resistance for the flue gases.
  • the heating apparatus can further be designed in a known manner with, for instance, radiators, a thermostat and a control device and like known attributes.
  • a heating apparatus according to the invention in particular a heating boiler suitable therefor, is compact and has a high efficiency, while it can be manufactured and employed in a simple and relatively advantageous manner.
  • the convenience time i.e. the time between the occurrence and the fulfilment of an established heat requirement, is relatively short, which has a comfort-increasing effect.
  • the water duct around the inner wall may rise stepwise, wherein for instance in each case, half a winding extends approximately horizontally and two successive half-windings are connected by an inclined passage part.
  • the water duct may for instance be double-wound, i.e. consist of two water ducts wound side by side or one over the other.
  • the projections may be formed differently or be designed as, for instance, partitions or ribs.
  • the projections may have identical lengths everywhere, or may differ in length more substantially.
  • the length and diameter of the heat exchanger and the passage area, and the pitch of the water duct may be chosen differently, in accordance with the desired capacities, while, also, a different type of burner may be used.
  • the impeller other means may be included for the same purpose, for instance a water-filled vessel that can act as boiler or a water duct that can act as tapping spiral.
  • the feed pipe for the fuel and the flue gas discharge may be of a different construction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Wärmetauscher, hergestellt aus Leichtmetall mittels Gießtechnik, und ein Brenner (21) mit mindestens einer Wasserleitung, einem Brennerraum und Elementen, die die Wärmeübertragungszone erweitern, wobei der Wärmetauscher (1) eine geschlossene, im wesentlichen zylindrische Innenwand (2) umfasst und sich die Wasserleitung (5) entlang der Außenseite der Innenwand (2) erstreckt und sich der Brennerraum (11) innerhalb der Innenwand (2) erstreckt, wobei der Brenner (21) in einen dem Ende des Wärmetauscher (1) benachbarten Aufnahmeraum innerhalb der Innenwand (2) eingeführt worden ist, wobei innen die Elemente (6) die Wärmeübertragungszone erweitern, wie zum Beispiel Vorsprünge und/oder Trennwände, die von der Innenwand (2) aus in mindestens zwei Richtungen verlaufen, welche einen Winkel zueinander einschließen, wobei der Wärmetauscher (1) einen im wesentlichen runden Querschnitt aufweist und die Elemente (6), die die Wärmeübertragungszone erweitern, werden über fast den gesamten inneren Umkreis der Innenwand (2) in mindestens einem Teil des Wärmetauschers (1) verteilt, und die Wasserleitung (5) erstreckt sich spiralförmig um die Innenwand (2) herum.
  2. Wärmetauscher und Brenner nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der Wärmetauscher (1) einstückig ausgebildet ist.
  3. Wärmetauscher und Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1-2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der Wasserkanal (5) mindestens zwei Wicklungen aufweist, wobei jede Wicklung an mehreren Positionen mit einem von zwei Wandteilen (4), die radial relativ zur Längsrichtung des Wärmetauschers verlaufen, umschlossenen Gebiet versehen ist, wobei der Raum (17) zwischen den Wandteilen (4) derart konfiguriert ist, dass er in tangentialer Richtung geräumt werden kann, wobei die Anordnung derart ausgeführt ist, dass mindestens ein Formteil (16) für mindestens die Ausbildung eines segmentierten ersten Gießkerns (9) für den Wasserkanal (5) verwendet werden kann, wobei nach der Ausbildung die Teile (9', 9") des ersten Gießkerns (9) aus dem oder jedem Formteil (16) entnommen und zwecks Ausbildung eines einstückigen ersten Gießkerns (9) miteinander verbunden werden können, wobei der erste Gießkern (9) während oder nach dem Gießen des Wärmetauschers (1) verloren ist.
  4. Wärmetauscher und Brenner nach Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der Wasserkanal (5) von der Innenwand (2), einer Außenwand (3) und einer Wasserkanalwand (4), die zwischen den Innen- und Außenwände verläuft, umschlossen ist, wobei die Wasserkanalwand (4) spiralförmig um die Innenwand (2) verläuft und an jeder Wicklung an mindestens zwei Positionen mit einer solchen Verdickung und/oder einem solchen Profil versehen ist, dass dadurch zwei gegenüberliegende Wasserkanalwände gebildet werden, die mindestens parallel verlaufen und vorzugsweise leicht in zwei entgegengesetzte Richtungen tangential relativ zu einem Abschnitt, der rechtwinklig zur Längsrichtung des Wärmetauschers (1) ausgerichtet ist, divergieren.
  5. Wärmetauscher und Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die den Wärmeübertragungsbereich vergrößernden Elemente (6) in Sektoren (I-IV) aufgenommen sind, wobei die Elemente (6) in jedem Sektor (I-IV) im wesentlichen parallel zueinander verlaufen, wobei die Anordnung derart ausgeführt ist, dass jeder Sektor (I-IV) mittels eines entfernbaren zweiten Gießkernteils (8) hergestellt werden kann, wobei zweite Gießkernteile zwecks Bildung eines einstückigen zweiten Gießkerns (8), der während oder nach dem Gießen des Wärmetauschers (1) verloren ist, miteinander verbunden werden können.
  6. Wärmetauscher und Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die den Wärmeübertragungsbereich vergrößernden Elemente (6) als Vorsprünge ausgebildet sind und in versetzten Reihen und/oder Spalten angeordnet sind, wobei zwischen den freien Enden von mindestens einem Teil der Vorsprünge (6) ein leicht zylindrisch ausgebildeter freier Raum (11) gebildet wird.
  7. Wärmetauscher und Brenner nach Anspruch 5 und 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Vorsprünge (6) zweier benachbarter Sektoren (I-IV) mindestens teilweise einander zwischengeschaltet sind und einander kreuzen.
  8. Wärmetauscher und Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der Brenner ein vorzugsweise zylindrischer Brenner (21) vom Typ Brenner mit Vormischung ist, wobei in mindestens einem Teil des Wärmetauschers (1) die den Wärmeübertragungsbereich vergrößernden Elemente (6) in der vom Aufnahmeraum abgewandten Richtung eine sich vergrößernde Fläche und/oder Dichte aufweisen, wobei die Anordnung derart ausgeführt ist, dass während des Betriebs die Verbrennungsgase, die die Elemente (6) entlangströmen, relativ sanft abkühlen.
  9. Gießkernvorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauschers gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit mindestens einer ersten Gießkernanordnung (9) in Form mindestens eines spiralförmigen Wasserkanals (5) und einer zweiten Gießkernanordnung (8) mindestens in Form eines Brennerraums (11) mit den Wärmeübertragungsbereich vergrößernden Elementen (6), wobei sich die zweite Gießkernanordnung (8) innerhalb der ersten Gießkernanordnung (9) befindet, wobei zwischen der ersten (9) und der zweiten Gießkernanordnung (8) ein Raum zum Ausbilden mindestens der Innenwand (2) vorgesehen ist, wobei mindestens eine der Gießkernanordnungen (8, 9) aus Teilen gebildet ist und die Gießkernvorrichtung (B, 8, 9) im wesentlichen von dem Typ ist, der während oder nach dem Gießen des Wärmetauschers (1) verloren ist.
  10. Gießkernvorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauschers gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1-8 mit mindestens einer ersten Gießkernanordnung (9) in Form mindestens eines spiralförmigen Wasserkanals (5) und einer zweiten Gießkernanordnung (8) mindestens in Form eines Brennerraums (11) mit den Wärmeübertragungsbereich vergrößernden Elementen (6), wobei sich die zweite Gießkernanordnung (8) innerhalb der ersten Gießkernanordnung (9) befindet, wobei zwischen der ersten (9) und der zweiten Gießkernanordnung (8) ein Raum zum Ausbilden mindestens der Innenwand (2) vorgesehen ist, wobei die Gießkernanordnungen (8, 9) einstückig ausgebildet sind und die Gießkernvorrichtung (B, 8, 9) wenigstens überwiegend von dem Typ ist, der während oder nach dem Gießen des Wärmetauschers (1) verloren ist.
  11. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wärmetauschers, der insbesondere als Wärmetauscher gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1-8 geeignet ist, wobei das Verfahren folgende Schritte aufweist:
    - Herstellen einer ersten Gießkernanordnung (9) des verlorenen Typs in Form eines spiralförmigen Wasserkanals (5);
    - Herstellen einer zweiten Gießkernanordnung (8) des verlorenen Typs in Form eines zentralen Brennerraums (11) mit den Wärmeübertragungsbereich vergrößernden Elementen (6);
    - Positionieren der beiden Gießkernanordnungen (8, 9) innerhalb eines Gießkastens (B), so dass die erste Gießkernanordnung (9) im wesentlichen die zweite Gießkernanordnung (8) umgibt und von dieser beabstandet ist;
    - Gießen des Wärmetauschers (1) im Gießkasten (B), wobei im wesentlichen die erste (9) und die zweite Gießkernanordnung (8) gleichzeitig oder nacheinander verloren gehen; und
    - Entfernen des einstückigen Wärmetauschers (1), der einen durchgehenden spiralförmigen Wasserkanal (5) aufweist.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die erste (9) und/oder die zweite Gießkernanordnung (8) in Teilen, die miteinander verbunden werden, hergestellt wird.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die zweite Gießkernanordnung (8) mittels eines bewegliche Teile aufweisenden Formteils einstückig ausgebildet wird, wobei die Formteile nach der Ausbildung der Gießkernanordnung (8) in dem Formteil im wesentlichen radial nach außen gezogen werden.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11-13,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die erste Gießkernanordnung (9) mittels eines Formteils einstückig ausgebildet wird.
  15. Heizvorrichtung (20) mit einem Wärmetauscher (1) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1-8.
EP97200702A 1996-03-08 1997-03-10 Aus Leichtmetall gegossener, im wesentlichen zylindrischer Wärmetauscher Expired - Lifetime EP0794392B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1002561A NL1002561C2 (nl) 1996-03-08 1996-03-08 Gegoten, lichtmetalen, in hoofdzaak cilindrische warmtewisselaar.
NL1002561 1996-03-08

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0794392A1 EP0794392A1 (de) 1997-09-10
EP0794392B1 EP0794392B1 (de) 2001-11-21
EP0794392B2 true EP0794392B2 (de) 2011-05-25

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EP97200702A Expired - Lifetime EP0794392B2 (de) 1996-03-08 1997-03-10 Aus Leichtmetall gegossener, im wesentlichen zylindrischer Wärmetauscher

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EP (1) EP0794392B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE209323T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69708354T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0794392T4 (de)
NL (1) NL1002561C2 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10134619A1 (de) 2001-07-17 2003-02-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Wärmetauscher für ein Gasheizgerät, insbesondere ein Brennwertgerät
DE10306699A1 (de) * 2003-02-18 2004-09-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Wärmetauscher mit einem strömungsoptimierten wärmeaufnehmenden Strömungskanal, insbesondere für ein Heizgerät
NL1029004C2 (nl) 2005-05-10 2006-11-13 Remeha B V Warmtewisselaarelement alsmede een verwarmingsstelsel voorzien van een dergelijk warmtewisselaarelement.
DE102005046036A1 (de) * 2005-09-27 2007-04-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heizgerät
IT1395972B1 (it) * 2009-06-30 2012-11-02 Zanforlin Scambiatore di calore particolarmente adatto per caldaie a condensazione
CN104776734A (zh) * 2015-04-01 2015-07-15 威能(无锡)供热设备有限公司 热交换器及采用该热交换器的燃气锅炉
DE102020112163A1 (de) 2020-05-06 2021-11-11 Martin Hofmeir Heizvorrichtung zur Verwendung in einem Behälter mit explosionsfähiger Atmosphäre, insbesondere zur Schädlingsbekämpfung und/oder Austrocknung, und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauschkörpers einer Heizvorrichtung

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR695311A (fr) * 1930-05-08 1930-12-13 Gawa Patentverwaltungs A G Réchauffeur d'eau
FR854120A (fr) * 1938-12-14 1940-04-05 Corps de chaudière pour chauffe-liquide à gaz

Also Published As

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ATE209323T1 (de) 2001-12-15
NL1002561C2 (nl) 1997-09-09
EP0794392A1 (de) 1997-09-10
EP0794392B1 (de) 2001-11-21
DK0794392T3 (da) 2002-05-13
DE69708354T2 (de) 2003-03-06
DE69708354D1 (de) 2002-01-03
DK0794392T4 (da) 2011-09-19

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