EP0790787B1 - Schützende kopfbedeckung und schutzschild sowie verfahren zum modifizieren von schützenden kopfbedeckungen und schutzschilden - Google Patents

Schützende kopfbedeckung und schutzschild sowie verfahren zum modifizieren von schützenden kopfbedeckungen und schutzschilden Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0790787B1
EP0790787B1 EP95937933A EP95937933A EP0790787B1 EP 0790787 B1 EP0790787 B1 EP 0790787B1 EP 95937933 A EP95937933 A EP 95937933A EP 95937933 A EP95937933 A EP 95937933A EP 0790787 B1 EP0790787 B1 EP 0790787B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
protective
headgear
armour
layer
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP95937933A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0790787A1 (de
Inventor
Kenneth David Dr. Phillips
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Phillips Helmets Ltd
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Phillips Helmets Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/06—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets
    • A42B3/062—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means
    • A42B3/063—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means using layered structures
    • A42B3/064—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means using layered structures with relative movement between layers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/10—Linings
    • A42B3/12—Cushioning devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/08—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions
    • A63B71/081—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions fluid-filled, e.g. air-filled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0478—Fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers in combination with plastics layers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to protective headgear, such as safety helmets for use by motor cyclists, pedal cyclists or climbers, as well as in other hazardous sports. It is also relevant in the industrial context, for example factories, on construction sites, defence and military applications or underground and may also have application in other areas where a protective form of headgear is necessary or required, which is effective in reducing or preventing head injury, while being lightweight and unencumbering to the wearer.
  • a particular feature of the present invention is its ability to mimic the characteristics of the human head, in order to provide the desired protection against injury.
  • the present invention also relates to protective armour, for instance the body armour used by riot police and the armed forces.
  • Protective armour is also known in the art and in the past one particular use of such armour has been to protect the body when playing sports.
  • US-A-3500472 there is disclosed a protecting garment having cushioning means which are inserted into pockets on the protective garment and inflated. In use, the garment is designed to restrict any relative movement between the cushioning means and the pocket means when the garment is subjected to impacts.
  • the present invention takes note of and incorporates most of the protective features of the human head, which of itself provides large energy dissipation and protection against direct and tangential forces.
  • the major features of the human head are:
  • the human skull is composed of two layers of dense, compact bone "sandwiching" a layer of spongy cancellous bone (Fig. 1). This provides a hard surface for energy dissipation and absorption whilst allowing a degree of compression or crushing of the cancellous bone with more energy absorption.
  • the cancellous bone may also allow a degree of distortion before any fracture occurs.
  • the fluid surrounding the brain acts as a further energy absorbing element, cushioning the brain in movements within the cranium. Lateral blows or impacts project the brain towards the cranium and the displacement of the incompressible cerebro-spinal fluids acts as a decelerating force.
  • the present invention provides protective headgear comprising:
  • the membrane is composed of an energy absorbing and compressive material and preferably the material is elastic.
  • the membrane is connected to the remainder of the protective headgear along a lower edge of the protective headgear and the membrane can extend to allow relative motion between the membrane and the shell.
  • the membrane comprises a high density foam material.
  • the shell comprises a carbon fibre composite material.
  • the headgear can comprise an inner layer which can incorporate a deformable cellular material such as an inner lining member of low density foam.
  • the inner lining member alternatively could comprise a further energy absorbing element in the nature of a flexible sac.
  • the flexible sac can be filled with a liquid of predetermined viscosity which can flow around the sac when the headgear suffers impact in order to damp motion of a head in the headgear relative to the hard shell.
  • the inner liner can comprise cellular material in combination with a fluid filled sac.
  • the fluid filled sac can be subdivided into a plurality of compartments or cells to control fluid displacement within the sac and preferably the compartments or cells are interconnected with flow regulating passages.
  • an intermediate layer is interposed between the hard shell and the outer layer, the intermediate layer facilitating relative movement between the shell and outer layer.
  • the intermediate layer may be incorporated integrally in the outer membrane.
  • the intermediate layer may comprise a friction reducing material or lubricant agent which facilitates the movement between the outer layer and the helmet shell.
  • the membrane preferably overlies the entire outwardly facing surfaces of the shell and is preferably impervious to moisture.
  • the headgear can additionally comprise acoustic or visual protection means and the headgear can also include ventilation means to improve comfort.
  • protective armour comprising:
  • the membrane is compressible and elastic and can absorb energy when compressed.
  • the membrane is connected to the remainder of the protective armour by elastic connection means which can extend to allow relative motion between the membrane and the first layer.
  • the membrane comprises high density foam.
  • the protective armour comprises a layer intermediate between the first layer and the membrane, the intermediate layer facilitating relative movement between the membrane and the first layer.
  • the intermediate layer comprises a lubricant material.
  • the intermediate layer has a first surface which can abut the membrane and a second surface which can abut the first surface of the first layer of material, the first and second surfaces of the intermediate layer each having a low coefficient of friction.
  • the first layer of material comprises a carbon fibre composite material.
  • the protective armour can be used as body armour.
  • the present invention provides protective headgear comprising first and second securing straps for securing the remainder of the head gear on a head of a user, where the first strap can pass under the chin of the user to act as a chin restraint and the second strap can pass around the lower part of the back of the head of the user to act as an occipital restraint.
  • the present invention further provides a method of modifying existing protective headgear wherein a membrane is attached to the remainder of the headgear to overlie at least a portion of the original outer surface of the protective headgear so as to provide a new outer surface for the protective headgear, the membrane being attached to the remainder of the headgear in such a way that when a force is applied to the outer surface of the membrane which acts to rotate the protective headgear the force can cause the membrane to move relative to the remainder of the headgear.
  • the present invention additionally provides a method of modifying existing protective armour wherein a membrane is attached to the remainder of the armour to overlie at least a portion of the original outer surface of the protective armour so as to provide a new outer surface for the protective armour, the membrane being attached to the remainder of the armour in such a way that when a force is applied to the outer surface of the membrane which acts tangential to the membrane, the force can cause the membrane to move relative to the remainder of the protective armour.
  • protective headgear in the form of a helmet which has a hard shell 10 and an outer energy absorbing compressible layer 11, resembling the scalp and reproducing its protective function.
  • This layer 11 consists of a fibrous and/or elastic material, resembling carpet tiling or plastic foam. Thick leather would also have some of the envisaged qualities but cost and weight may be determining factors in which case a synthetic material with similar properties would be used. Since the outer soft covering layer 11 could be a porous material it must be rigorously waterproofed as absorbed water would reduce its energy absorbing qualities. This could be achieved by treatment of the material or by the superimposition of a thin but durable layer or by both methods.
  • the attachment of the outer energy absorbing compressible layer 11 to the hard shell 10 is critical. It will be bonded to the hard shell 10 of the helmet around the edge of the hard shell 10, in a way chosen in dependence on the physical characteristics of the materials chosen for the headgear.
  • the layer 11 will be bonded only at the edge of the hard shell 10 in order to allow relative motion between the outer energy absorbing layer 11 and the hard shell 10 in order to mimic the protective movement of the scalp.
  • the outer layer 11 can stretch to allow relative motion.
  • a lubricant 12 between the energy absorbing layer and the shell may be beneficially used.
  • the hard shell 10 itself is a sandwiched material with hard outer layers sandwiching a deformable inner layer. Otherwise a single layer material of plastic, fibreglass or other appropriate material will be used but with hardness and deformability characteristics matched to the new construction and yielding optimum protection on standard or newly developed testing.
  • a flexible sac 13 filled with an appropriately viscous liquid will be bonded to the inner surface of the hard shell 10. Since fluid in a unicellular sac would gravitate to the brim, compartmentalisation will be necessary and to allow displacement under impact.
  • Flow control mechanisms between compartments will be included to control flow between the compartments. The flow control mechanism will not allow flow of fluid between compartments in normal use, but will allow flow of fluid between compartments when the helmet is subject to an impact (the interconnection of the compartments allows development of a uniform pressure in all of the compartments, thereby spreading an impact over a large area).
  • the fluid in the layer 13 may be a viscous or aqueous fluid and will act to damp motion of the helmet relative to the head of a user when the helmet is subject to an impact.
  • the flow control could comprise lines of weakness in walls dividing the compartments, the walls remaining intact to seal off the compartments in normal use, but the lines of weakness breaking to form apertures in the walls (and thus to allow flow of fluid) in impact conditions.
  • An alternative embodiment will be a "bubble pack" type lining, with liquid, liquid and gas combined or solely gas filling.
  • a thin polystyrene liner bonded to the inner surface of the sac could alternatively be used to maintain the shape of and thus the fluid distribution within the sac in which case compartmentalisation will not be necessarilly used.
  • FIG. 6 shows how an outer membrane 30 of closed cell plasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) can be attached to a carbon fibre composite shell 31 in order to permit relative motion between the membrane 30 and the shell 31.
  • PVC polyvinyl Chloride
  • inner layers within the shell 31 e.g. a head liner are not shown.
  • the outer membrane 30 is attached to an inner surface of the shell 31 around the edge of the shell 31 via an intermediary band 60 of a compliant material.
  • An epoxy adhesive is used to bond the intermediary band 60 to the inner surface of the shell 31 around the lower edge.
  • the intermediary band 60 is adhered to the inner surface and then extends down around the lower edge and then upwardly around the exterior of the lower part of the shell 31.
  • the outer membrane 30 is adhered by an adhesive to the part of the intermediary band that overlies the outwardly facing lower edge of the shell 31.
  • the intermediary band 60 will be made of a material of greater compliance than the outer membrane 30.
  • the membrane 30 is attached to the shell 31 only via the intermediary band 60 and thus the remainder of the membrane 30 is free to move relative to the underlying shell 31. Both the membrane 30 and the intermediary band 60 can stretch on application of a force to allow relative motion between the membrane 30 and the shell 31.
  • a layer 32 of a lubricant gel is enclosed between the membrane 30 and the shell 31 and this facilitates relative movement between the membrane 30 and the shell.
  • FIG. 7 A further embodiment of helmet is illustrated in Figure 7.
  • an outer membrane 40 of polyethylene is attached to the interior of a glass fibre shell 41 via an intermediary band 61 adhered to the bottom edge of the interior of the glass fibre shell 41.
  • the membrane 40 is attached to the shell 41 only via the band 61 thus the membrane 40 is otherwise free to stretch and move relative to the shell 41.
  • the band 61 is composed of a material which is more compliant that the outer membrane 40 and also stretches to allow relative motion. The relative movement is assisted by the interposition of a PTFE layer 42 between the membrane 40 and the shell 41; the surfaces of the PTFE layer having a low coefficient of friction.
  • FIG 8. An additional embodiment of helmet is illustrated in Figure 8.
  • a membrane 50 of ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymers is attached to the interior of a glass reinforced plastic (GRP) shell 51, the membrane 50 being adhered directly to the interior bottom edge of the shell 51.
  • the inwardly facing surface of the membrane 50 is treated to reduce the coefficient of friction of the surface and the outwardly facing surface of the GRP shell is also treated to reduce the coefficient of friction of the surface. Since the membrane 50 is only attached to the shell 51 at the lower edge, the membrane 50 is free to stretch and move relative to the shell 51, assisted by the low coefficient of friction of the abutting surfaces of the membrane 50 and the shell 51.
  • the inwardly facing surface of the membrane 50 and the outwardly facing surface of the shell 51 in this embodiment can incorporate a lubricant to dispense with the need for an intermediary layer such as a lubricant gel.
  • outer membrane examples include cross-linked high density polyurethane foam and silicon foamed rubber.
  • the combination of materials for the headgear will be chosen bearing in mind that the sound insulation qualities of the combination may represent a hazard in motorcycle or cycle applications. It is always possible to provide perforations in the ear area of the headgear.
  • FIG. 3 has a fitting band 14.
  • Inlet and outlet ports will be provided with variable control of the air inlet and consideration will given to the provision of ventilation ports on the vertex in applications where there is no generated air flow.
  • the helmet In many accidents, particularly in industrial mishaps involving a fall, the helmet is flung off.
  • the retention system is therefore, a critical element of head protection.
  • On each side of the helmet there would be preferably a two point attachment, one in front of and the other behind the central transverse vertical plane.
  • Modifications of the headgear of Figure 3 are shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • One modification omits the flexible sac 13 and comprises two layers of plastic foam, in combination with a polystyrene liner, either both outside the polystyrene liner (see Figure 5 where two layers of plastic foam 19 and 20 are both outside a polystyrene liner 21) or one outside and the other inside the polystyrene liner (see Figure 4 where one layer of plastic foam 22 is inside a polystyrene liner 23 and one layer of plastic foam 24 is outside the polystyrene liner 23).
  • These foam layers can be either low density or combinations of low and higher density foams.
  • protective armour such as body armour.
  • body armour a protective armour in the form of a breast plate 100 which can be worn in front of a user secured by straps 101.
  • the breast plate 100 comprises a first layer 102 made of fibre glass (or carbon fibre, a metal or a plastic) which has a first surface 102A in use presented to receive impact blows.
  • the armour has also a compliant elastic membrane 103, for instance of closed cell plasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (or of polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymers, cross linked high density polyurethane foam or silicon foamed rubber).
  • This membrane 103 in use overlies the first surface 102A of the first layer 102.
  • the membrane 103 is more flexible than the first layer 102 and is compressible and elastic and can absorb energy when compressed.
  • the membrane 103 is connected to the first layer 102 by an intermediary band 104 of an elastic material.
  • the intermediary band 104 is adhered around the edge of a face 102B of the first member 102 (the face 102B facing in the opposite direction to the face 102A).
  • the intermediary band 104 extends around the edge of the first member 102 and overlies an edge portion of the surface 102A.
  • the intermediary band 104 is only adhered to the first member 102 on the surface 102B thereof.
  • the membrane 103 is adhered around its periphery to the intermediary band 104.
  • An intermediary layer 105 of lubricant gel is included between the membrane 103 and the first layer 102 and facilitates relative motion between them.
  • This layer is not essential and could be replaced by a solid layer of a material of a low co-efficient of friction (e.g. a layer of PTFE).
  • a lubricant could be incorporated into the inner surface of the membrane 103.
  • the protective armour is constructed in such a way that when a force is applied to the outwardly facing surface of the membrane 103 which has a component tangential to the outer surface, the force can cause the membrane 103 to move relative to the first layer 102.
  • the present invention also provides a method of modifying protective armour comprising providing "soft" outer skin to cover an existing plate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)

Claims (35)

  1. Schützende Kopfbedeckung, umfassend:
       eine Hartschale (10; 31; 41; 51) mit einer nach innen weisenden Fläche, die bei Verwendung zum Kopf eines Verwenders der Kopfbedeckung weist, sowie einer nach außen weisenden Fläche, die bei Verwendung vom Kopf des Verwenders weg weist,
       eine Außenhaut (11; 30; 40; 50), deren Dicke nicht größer ist als der Rest der Kopfbedeckung und die zumindest auf einem Abschnitt der nach außen weisenden Fläche der Schale (10; 31; 41; 51) aufliegt, wobei:
       die Außenhaut (11; 30; 40; 50) nur entlang einem Unterrand der Hartschale (10; 31; 41; 51) fest am Rest der Kopfbedeckung angebracht ist, so daß sich die Außenhaut (11; 30; 40; 50) relativ zur Hartschale (10; 31; 41; 51) bewegen kann, wenn auf eine Außenfläche der Kopfbedeckung eine Kraft ausgeübt wird, die die Wirkung hat, die Kopfbedeckung und den Kopf des Verwenders zu drehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
       die Außenhaut (11; 30; 40; 50) komprimierbar und elastisch und flexibler als die Hartschale (10; 31; 41; 51) ist und daß die Außenhaut (11; 30; 40; 50) in Antwort auf die auf die Kopfbedeckung ausgeübte Kraft komprimiert werden kann und sich die Außenhaut (11; 30; 40; 50) streckt, wenn die Drehkraft auf die Kopfbedeckung ausgeübt wird, um eine Relativbewegung zwischen der Haut (11; 30; 40; 50) und der Hartschale (10; 31; 41; 51) zu erlauben, und hierdurch im Vorsehen einer Schutzbewegung eine menschliche Kopfhaut nachahmen kann.
  2. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Außenhaut (30; 40) mit dem Rest der Kopfbedeckung nur über ein elastisches Zwischenelement (60; 61) verbunden ist.
  3. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach Anspruch 2, wobei das elastische Zwischenelement (60; 61) dehnbarer ist als die Außenhaut (30; 40).
  4. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Haut (11; 30; 40; 50) geschlossenzelliges plastifiziertes Polyvinylchlorid aufweist.
  5. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Haut (11; 30; 40; 50) Polyethylen aufweist.
  6. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Haut (11; 30; 40; 50) Ethylenvinylacetat-Copolymere aufweist.
  7. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Hartschale (10; 31; 41; 51) ein Carbonfaser-Kompositmaterial aufweist.
  8. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die eine zusätzliche Schicht (13) aus nicht komprimierbarem Fluid aufweist, die sich bei Verwendung zwischen der Schale (10) und dem Kopf des Verwenders befindet und in einem flexiblen Beutel (13) eingeschlossen ist.
  9. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach Anspruch 8, wobei der das nicht komprimierbare Fluid enthaltende flexible Beutel (13) in eine Mehrzahl von Kammern gekammert ist und der flexible Beutel (13) ein Verbindungsmittel aufweist, das jede Kammer mit zumindest einer anderen Kammer verbindet, wobei das Verbindungsmittel betreibbar ist, um einen Fluidfluß von einer Kammer in eine andere zu verhindern, bis ein Stoß auf die schützende Kopfbedeckung einen Schwellenwert überschreitet, bei dem das Verbindungsmittel einen Fluidfluß zwischen den Kammern erlaubt.
  10. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach Anspruch 9, wobei das nicht komprimierbare Fluid ein Fluid ist, das eine Strömung zwischen den Kammern hemmt, um die Bewegung der Schale (10) zu dämpfen.
  11. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die zusätzlich eine Schicht aus niedrig dichtem Schaum (19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24) aufweist, die sich bei Verwendung zwischen der Schale (10) und dem Kopf des Verwenders befindet.
  12. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die eine Zwischenschicht (12; 32; 42) aufweist, die zwischen der Schale (10; 31; 41) und der Haut (11; 30; 40) angeordnet ist, wobei die Zwischenschicht (12; 32; 42) eine Relativbewegung zwischen der Haut (11; 30; 40) und der Schale (10; 31; 41) erleichtert.
  13. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Zwischenschicht (12; 32) eine Schmiermittelschicht ist.
  14. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Zwischenschicht (42) eine erste Fläche aufweist, die die Haut (40) stützen kann, sowie eine zweite Fläche, die die Schale (41) stützen kann, und wobei die erste und die zweite Fläche jeweils einen niedrigen Reibkoeffizienten aufweisen.
  15. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Haut (11; 30; 40; 50) auf der gesamten nach außen weisenden Fläche der Schale (10; 31; 41; 51) aufliegt.
  16. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Haut (11; 30; 40; 50) feuchtigkeitsundurchlässig ist.
  17. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, die zusätzlich eine feuchtigkeitsbeständige Außendecke aufweist, welche auf der Haut (11; 30; 40; 50) aufliegt.
  18. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die zusätzlich ein Schallschutzmittel aufweist.
  19. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die zusätzlich ein Sichtschutz- und -verbesserungsmittel aufweist.
  20. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die zusätzlich ein Lüftungsmittel aufweist.
  21. Schützende Kopfbedeckung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die erste und zweite Sicherungsbänder (17, 18) aufweist, um die Kopfbedeckung am Kopf des Verwenders zu sichern, wobei das erste Band (17) eine Kinnhalterung bildet und das zweite Band (18) eine Hinterkopfhalterung bildet.
  22. Schutzschild, umfassend:
    eine erste Materialschicht (102) mit einer ersten Flexibilität, die eine erste Fläche (102A) aufweist, die bei Verwendung zur Aufnahme von Stoßschlägen präsentiert wird, und
    eine komprimierbare elastische Haut (103), deren Dicke nicht größer als der Rest des Schutzschilds ist und die zumindest auf einem Abschnitt der ersten Fläche (102A) der ersten Schicht (102) aufliegt und die flexibler ist als die erste Materialschicht (102) und die sich relativ zur ersten Materialschicht (102) bewegen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
    die Haut (103) nur entlang einem Rand der ersten Materialschicht (102) an der ersten Materialschicht (102) fest angebracht ist, so daß, wenn eine Kraft auf eine nach außen weisende Fläche des Schutzschilds ausgeübt wird, die eine zur nach außen weisenden Fläche tangentiale Komponente aufweist, sich die komprimierbare elastische Haut (103) streckt, um eine Relativbewegung zwischen der Haut (103) und der ersten Materialschicht (102) zu erlauben, und
    das Schutzschild ein Mittel (105) aufweist, um die Relativbewegung zwischen der Haut (103) und der ersten Fläche (102A) der ersten Materialschicht (102) zu erleichtern, indem es den Reibungswiderstand der Relativbewegung senkt.
  23. Schutzschild nach Anspruch 22, wobei die Haut (103) mit dem Rest des Schutzschilds durch ein elastisches Verbindungsmittel (104) verbunden ist, das sich dehnen kann, um eine Relativbewegung zwischen der Haut (103) und der ersten Schicht (102) zu erlauben.
  24. Schutzschild nach Anspruch 22 oder Anspruch 23, wobei die Haut (103) geschlossenzelliges plastifiziertes Polyvinylchlorid aufweist.
  25. Schutzschild nach Anspruch 22 oder Anspruch 23, wobei die Haut (103) Polyethylen aufweist.
  26. Schutzschild nach Anspruch 22 oder Anspruch 23, wobei die Haut (103) Ethylenvinylacetat-Copolymere aufweist.
  27. Schutzschild nach einem der Ansprüche 22 bis 26, wobei das Mittel (105), welches eine Relativbewegung zwischen der Haut (103) und der ersten Fläche (102A) der ersten Materialschicht (102) erleichtert, eine Schicht (105) aufweist, die zwischen der ersten Schicht (102) und der Haut (103) befindet.
  28. Schutzschild nach Anspruch 27, wobei die Zwischenschicht (105) Schmiermittel aufweist.
  29. Schutzschild nach Anspruch 27, wobei die Zwischenschicht (105) eine erste Fläche aufweist, die die Haut (103) stützen kann, und eine zweite Fläche, die die erste Fläche (102A) der ersten Materialschicht (102) stützen kann, wobei die erste und zweite Fläche der Zwischenschicht (105) jeweils einen niedrigen Reibkoeffizienten aufweisen.
  30. Schutzschild nach einem der Ansprüche 22 bis 29, wobei die erste Materialschicht (102) Carbonfaser-Kompositmaterial aufweist.
  31. Schutzschild nach einem der Ansprüche 22 bis 30 zur Verwendung als Körperschild.
  32. Verfahren zum Modifizieren einer vorhandenen schützenden Kopfbedeckung, wobei eine komprimierbare elastische Haut (11; 30; 40; 50), deren Dicke nicht größer als die vorhandene schützende Kopfbedeckung ist, an dem Rest der Kopfbedeckung so angebracht wird, daß sie zumindest auf einem Abschnitt der ursprünglichen Außenfläche der schützenden Kopfbedeckung aufliegt, um eine neue Außenfläche der schützenden Kopfbedeckung vorzusehen, wobei die Haut (11; 30; 40; 50) nur entlang einem Unterrand der Kopfbedeckung an dem Rest der Kopfbedeckung fest angebracht wird, so daß, wenn auf die Außenfläche der Haut eine Kraft ausgeübt wird, die die Wirkung hat, die schützende Kopfbedeckung und den Kopf zu drehen, sich die Haut (11; 30; 40; 50) streckt, um eine Relativbewegung zwischen der Haut (11; 30; 40; 50) und dem Rest der Kopfbedeckung zu erlauben, und hierdurch im Vorsehen einer Schutzbewegung eine menschliche Kopfhaut nachahmt.
  33. Verfahren nach Anspruch 32, wobei die Haut (30; 40) am Rest der Kopfbedeckung nur über ein elastisches Zwischenelement (60; 61) angebracht wird, das dehnbarer ist als die Haut (30; 40).
  34. Verfahren zum Modifizieren eines vorhandenen Schutzschilds, wobei eine komprimierbare elastische Haut (103), deren Dicke nicht größer ist als das vorhandene Schutzschild, an dem Rest des Schilds so angebracht wird, daß sie zumindest auf einem Abschnitt der ursprünglichen Außenfläche des Schutzschilds aufliegt, um eine neue Außenfläche des Schutzschilds vorzusehen, wobei die Haut (103) nur entlang einem Rand des Schilds am Rest des Schilds fest angebracht wird, so daß, wenn auf die Außenfläche der Haut (103) eine Kraft ausgeübt wird, die eine zur Haut (103) tangentiale Komponente aufweist, sich die Haut (103) strecken kann, um eine Relativbewegung zwischen der Haut (103) und dem Rest des Schutzschilds zu erlauben, wobei das Verfahren den Schritt beinhaltet, den Schild mit Mitteln (105) zu versehen, um die Relativbewegung durch Mindern des Reibungswiderstands der Relativbewegung zu erleichtern.
  35. Verfahren nach Anspruch 34, wobei die Haut (103) an dem ursprünglichen Schutzschild nur über ein elastisches Zwischenelement (104) angebracht wird, das dehnbarer ist als die Haut (103).
EP95937933A 1994-11-16 1995-11-16 Schützende kopfbedeckung und schutzschild sowie verfahren zum modifizieren von schützenden kopfbedeckungen und schutzschilden Expired - Lifetime EP0790787B1 (de)

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GB9423113A GB9423113D0 (en) 1994-11-16 1994-11-16 Protective headgear
GB9423113 1994-11-16
PCT/GB1995/002693 WO1996014768A1 (en) 1994-11-16 1995-11-16 Protective headgear and protective armour and a method of modifying protective headgear and protective armour

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EP0790787A1 EP0790787A1 (de) 1997-08-27
EP0790787B1 true EP0790787B1 (de) 2000-09-13

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AU (1) AU3875695A (de)
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WO (1) WO1996014768A1 (de)

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DE102012022542A1 (de) 2011-12-19 2013-06-20 Oliver Schimpf Schutzhelm; Verfahren zur Verminderung oder Verhinderung einer Kopfverletzung
US8732868B2 (en) * 2004-11-22 2014-05-27 Frampton E. Ellis Helmet and/or a helmet liner with at least one internal flexibility sipe with an attachment to control and absorb the impact of torsional or shear forces
US11039653B2 (en) 2017-01-31 2021-06-22 Impact Solution LLC Football helmet
US11297890B2 (en) 2016-03-27 2022-04-12 Impact Solutions Llc Football helmet
IT202100016103A1 (it) 2021-06-21 2022-12-21 Alpinestars Res Spa Indumento protettivo per le articolazioni del corpo umano

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US10021938B2 (en) 2004-11-22 2018-07-17 Frampton E. Ellis Furniture with internal flexibility sipes, including chairs and beds
EP2428129A2 (de) 2010-09-09 2012-03-14 Oliver Schimpf Schutzhelm; Verfahren zur Verminderung oder Verhinderung einer Kopfverletzung
DE102011112790A1 (de) 2010-09-09 2012-03-15 Oliver Schimpf Schutzhelm; Verfahren zur Verminderung oder Verhinderung einer Kopfverletzung
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DE102012022542A1 (de) 2011-12-19 2013-06-20 Oliver Schimpf Schutzhelm; Verfahren zur Verminderung oder Verhinderung einer Kopfverletzung
US11297890B2 (en) 2016-03-27 2022-04-12 Impact Solutions Llc Football helmet
US11039653B2 (en) 2017-01-31 2021-06-22 Impact Solution LLC Football helmet
IT202100016103A1 (it) 2021-06-21 2022-12-21 Alpinestars Res Spa Indumento protettivo per le articolazioni del corpo umano
WO2022269450A1 (en) 2021-06-21 2022-12-29 Alpinestars Research S.p.A. Protective garment for articulations of the human body

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0790787A1 (de) 1997-08-27
DE69518853T2 (de) 2001-03-22
GB9423113D0 (en) 1995-01-04
AU3875695A (en) 1996-06-06
DE69518853D1 (de) 2000-10-19
WO1996014768A1 (en) 1996-05-23
DK0790787T3 (da) 2001-04-30

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