EP0790753A1 - System für Raumklangeffekt und Verfahren dafür - Google Patents

System für Raumklangeffekt und Verfahren dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0790753A1
EP0790753A1 EP97400248A EP97400248A EP0790753A1 EP 0790753 A1 EP0790753 A1 EP 0790753A1 EP 97400248 A EP97400248 A EP 97400248A EP 97400248 A EP97400248 A EP 97400248A EP 0790753 A1 EP0790753 A1 EP 0790753A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
channels
transfer functions
user
signal
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97400248A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0790753B1 (de
Inventor
Maîté Thomson-CSF SCPI Courneau
Christian Thomson-CSF SCPI Gulli
Gérard Thomson-CSF SCPI Raynaud
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Thales Avionics SAS
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Thales Avionics SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0790753A1 publication Critical patent/EP0790753A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
    • H04S3/002—Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution
    • H04S3/004—For headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2400/00—Details of stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2400/01—Multi-channel, i.e. more than two input channels, sound reproduction with two speakers wherein the multi-channel information is substantially preserved

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sound spatialization system, as well as to a personalization method making it possible to implement sound spatialization.
  • An airplane pilot in particular a fighter airplane, wears a stereophonic helmet which restores not only radio communications, but also various alarms and on-board communications. Radiocommunications can be satisfied with a stereophonic, or even monophonic reproduction, while the alarms and on-board communications cannot be located in relation to the pilot (or the co-pilot ).
  • the subject of the present invention is an audiophonic communication system, which makes it possible to easily discriminate the location of a determined sound source, in particular in the case of the existence of several sound sources close to the user.
  • the sound spatialization system comprises, for each monophonic channel to be spatialized, a binaural processor with two channels of convolution filters combined linearly in each channel, this processor (s) being connected to one orienting device for calculating the spatial location of sound sources, itself connected to localization devices, characterized in that it includes, for at least part of the channels, a complementary sound illustration device connected to the corresponding binaural processor, this device additional sound illustration comprising at least one of the following circuits: bandwidth widening circuit, background noise production circuit, circuit for simulating the acoustic behavior of a room, Doppler effect simulation circuit, circuit producing different sound symbols each corresponding to a specific source or alarm.
  • the personalization method according to the invention consists in estimating the head transfer functions of the user by measuring these functions at a finite number of points in the surrounding space, then by interpolating the values thus measured to be calculated the head transfer functions, for each of the user's two ears, at the point in the space where the sound source is located, and to create the "spatialized” signal from the monophonic signal to be processed by convolving it with each of the two transfer functions thus estimated. It is thus possible to "personalize" the convolution filters for each user of the system implementing this method. Each user will then be able to locate in the best possible way the virtual sound source reproduced by his audio equipment.
  • the invention is described below with reference to an aircraft audio system, in particular a combat aircraft, but it is understood that it is not limited to such an application, and that it can be implementation as well in other types of vehicles (land or sea) as in fixed installations.
  • the user of this system is, in this case, the pilot of a combat aircraft, but it is understood that there can be several users simultaneously, in particular if it is a combat aircraft. civil transport, specific devices for each user being provided in corresponding number.
  • the role of the spatialization module 1 shown in FIG. 1 is to make sound signals (tones, speech, alarms, etc.) heard using a stereo headset so that they are perceived by the listener as if they came from a particular point in space, this point can be the actual position of the sound source or an arbitrary position.
  • the pilot of a combat aircraft hears the voice of his co-pilot as if it actually came from behind him, or else an audible missile attack alert is positioned spatially at the point of arrival of the threat.
  • the position of the sound source changes in function of the pilot's head movements and of the airplane's movements: for example, an alarm generated at the azimuth "3 hours” must be found at "noon” if the pilot turns his head 90 degrees to the right.
  • the module 1 is for example connected to a digital bus 2 from which it receives information supplied by: a head position detector 3, an inertial unit 4 and / or a location device such as a goniometer, a radar, etc. ., countermeasures devices 5 (detection of external threats such as missiles) and an alarm management device 6 (signaling in particular breakdowns of aircraft instruments or equipment).
  • a head position detector 3 an inertial unit 4 and / or a location device such as a goniometer, a radar, etc. .
  • countermeasures devices 5 detection of external threats such as missiles
  • an alarm management device 6 signalaling in particular breakdowns of aircraft instruments or equipment.
  • the module 1 includes an interpolator 7, the input of which is connected to the bus 2 to which various sound sources are connected (microphones, alarms, etc.). In general, these sources are sampled at relatively low frequencies (6, 12 or 24 kHz for example).
  • the interpolator 7 makes it possible to raise these frequencies to a multiple common, for example 48 kHz in the present case, a frequency necessary for the processors located downstream.
  • This interpolator 7 is connected to n binaural processors, referenced 8 as a whole, n being the maximum number of channels to be spatialized simultaneously.
  • the outputs of the processors 8 are connected to an adder 9 whose output constitutes the output of the module 1.
  • the module 1 also comprises in the connection between at least one output of the interpolator 7 and the input of the corresponding processor of the assembly 8 an adder 10, the other input of which is connected to the output of a device 11 for additional sound illustration.
  • This device 11 produces a sound signal covering in particular the high frequencies (for example from 5 to 16 kHz) of the audio spectrum. It thus completes the useful bandwidth of the transmission channel to which its output signal is added.
  • This transmission channel can advantageously be a radio channel, but it is understood that any other channel can be completed in this way, and that several channels can be completed in the same system, by providing a corresponding number of adders such as 10.
  • radio communications use reduced bandwidths (3 to 4 kHz in general). Such a bandwidth is insufficient for correct spatialization of the sound signal. Tests have shown that high frequencies (above about 14 kHz), located beyond the limit of the vocal spectrum, allow a better localization of the source of the sound. The device 11 is then a bandwidth widening device.
  • the additional sound signal can for example be background noise characteristic of a radio link.
  • the device 11 can also be, for example, a device simulating the acoustic behavior of a room, a building, or a device simulating a Doppler effect, or even a device producing different sound symbols each corresponding to a source or a specific alarm.
  • the processors 8 each generate a signal of stereophonic type from the monophonic signal coming from the interpolator 7 to which is added if necessary, the signal from the device 11, taking into account the data supplied by the head position detector 3 of the pilot.
  • the module 1 also includes a device 12 for managing the sources to be spatialized followed by an orienter 13 with n inputs (n being defined above) controlling the n different processors of the set 8.
  • the device 13 is a calculator calculating, from the data provided by the pilot's head position detector, the orientation of the aircraft relative to the terrestrial reference (provided by the aircraft's inertial unit) and the location of the source, the coordinates in the space of the point where the sounds emitted by this source must appear to come from.
  • n2 is advantageously equal to four at most.
  • the device 12 for managing the n sources to be spatialized is a computer which receives, via bus 2, information concerning the characteristics of the sources to be spatialized (site, deposit and distance by report to the pilot), personalization criteria at the user's choice and priority information (threats, alarms, important radio communications, etc.).
  • the device 12 receives from the device 4 information concerning the evolution of the location of certain sources (or of all the sources, if applicable). From this information, the device 12 selects the source (or at most the n2 sources) to be spatialized.
  • a memory card reader 15 is used 16 for the device in order to personalize the management of sound sources by the device 12.
  • the reader 15 is connected to the bus 2.
  • the card 16 then contains the characteristics of the filtering carried out by the flags of each user's ears. In the preferred embodiment, it is a set of pairs of digital filters (that is to say coefficients representing their impulse responses) corresponding to the acoustic filtering "left ear" and "right ear” produced for various points in the space surrounding the user.
  • the database thus formed is loaded, via bus 2, into the memory associated with the various processors 8.
  • the processors 8 each essentially comprise two channels (called “left ear” and “right ear”) for convolution filtering. More precisely, the role of each of the processors 8 is on the one hand to calculate by interpolation the head transfer functions (right and left) at the point at which the source will be placed, on the other hand to create the spatial signal on two channels from the original monophonic signal.
  • head transfer functions require spatial sampling: these transfer functions are only measured in a finite number of points (of the order of 100). However to correctly "spatialize” a sound, it would be necessary to know the transfer functions at the source point of the source, determined by the orienter 13. It is therefore necessary to be satisfied with an estimation of these functions: this operation is carried out by an interpolation "barycentric" of the four pairs of functions associated with the four measurement points closest to the point of the calculated space.
  • FIG. 2 shows a part of the "grid" G thus obtained for the points Pm, Pm + 1, Pm + 2, ... Pp, Pp + 1 .... Or a point P of said sphere, determined by the orienter 13 as being located in the direction of the sound source to be "spatialized".
  • This point P is inside the curvilinear quadrilateral delimited by the points Pm + 1, Pm + 2, Pn + 1, Pn + 2.
  • the barycentric interpolation is therefore carried out for the position of P with respect to these four points.
  • the different equipment determining the orientation of the sound source and the orientation and location of the user's head provide their respective data every 20 or 40 ms ( ⁇ T), that is to say that every ⁇ T a couple of transfer functions are available.
  • ⁇ T 20 or 40 ms
  • the signal to be spatialized is in fact convoluted by a pair of filters obtained by "temporal" interpolation performed between the convolution filters spatially interpolated at times T and T + ⁇ T. It then remains only to convert the digital signals thus obtained into analog before their restitution in the user's earphones.
  • FIG. 3 which relates to a channel to be spatialized, the various attitude (position) sensors used have been shown. These are: a head attitude sensor 17, a sound source attitude sensor 18, and an attitude sensor 19 of the carrier mobile (airplane for example).
  • the information from these sensors is supplied to the orienter 13, which determines from this information the spatial position of the source relative to the head of the user (in line of sight and in distance).
  • the orienter 13 is connected to a database 20 (included in the card 16) of which it controls the loading to the processors 8 of the "left" and "right” transfer functions of the four points closest to the position of the source (see Figure 2), or possibly the measurement point (if the position of the source coincides with that of one of the measurement points in grid G).
  • transfer functions are subjected to a spatial interpolation at 21, then to a temporal interpolation at 22, and the resulting values are convolved at 23 with the signal 24 to be spatialized.
  • functions 21 and 23 are performed by the same interpolator (interpolator 7 in FIG. 1), and the convolutions are performed by the binaural processor 8 corresponding to the spatialized channel.
  • a digital-analog conversion is carried out, in 25, and the sound reproduction (amplification and sending to a stereo headset) at 26.
  • operations 20 to 23 and 25, 26 are done separately for the left channel and for the right channel.
  • the “personalized” convolution filters constituting the previously mentioned database are established from measurements using a method described below with reference to FIG. 4.
  • an automated mechanical tool 27 is installed, consisting of a semi-circular rail 28 mounted on a motorized pivot 29 fixed to the floor of this chamber.
  • the rail 28 is arranged vertically, so that its ends are on the same perpendicular.
  • a support 30 moves on which a broadband speaker 31 is mounted. This device makes it possible to place the speaker at any point on the sphere defined by the rail when the latter performs a rotation of 360 degrees around a vertical axis passing through pivot 29.
  • the precision of the positioning of the loudspeaker is one degree in elevation and in bearing, for example.
  • a first series of readings is taken: the loudspeaker 31 is placed successively at X points of the sphere, that is to say that the space is "discretized”: it is a spatial sampling. At each measurement point, a pseudo-random code is generated and reproduced by the loudspeaker 31.
  • the sound signal emitted is picked up by a pair of reference microphones placed at the center 32 of the sphere (the distance separating the microphones is the order of the width of the head of the subject whose transfer functions are to be collected), in order to measure the resulting sound pressure as a function of frequency.
  • the method is the same but this time, the subject is placed so that his ears are located at the location of the microphones (the subject checks the position of his head by video feedback).
  • the subject is provided with individualized shutter earplugs in which miniature microphones are placed.
  • Complete obturation of the duct has the following advantages: the ear is acoustically protected, and the stapedial reflex (nonexistent in this case) does not modify the acoustic impedance of the assembly.
  • the database of transfer functions can be made up either of pairs of frequency responses (convolution by multiplication in the frequency domain) or of pairs of impulse responses (classical temporal convolution), inverse Fourier transforms of the previous ones.
  • acoustic sources emitting pseudo-random binary signals tends to be generalized in the impulse response measurement technique, especially with regard to the characterization of an acoustic room by the correlation method.
  • these signals make the assumption of linearity of the acoustic collection system acceptable. They also make it possible to overcome variations in the acoustic impedance of the ossicular chain by stapedial reflex, by limiting the emission level (70 dBa). Preferably, pseudo-random binary signals of maximum length sequence are produced. The advantage of maximum length sequences lies in their spectral characteristics (white noise) and their generation mode which allows optimization of the processing processor.
  • the impulse response is obtained over time (2n-1) / fe where N is the order of the sequence and where fe is the sampling frequency. It is up to the experimenter to choose a couple of values (sequence order, fe) sufficient to have all the useful decrease of the response.
  • the sound spatialization device described above makes it possible to increase the intelligibility of the sound sources which it processes, to decrease the reaction time of the operator with respect to alarm, alert or warning signals. 'other sound indicators, the sources of which seem to be located respectively at different points in space, therefore easier to discriminate between them and easier to classify in order of importance or urgency.
EP97400248A 1996-02-13 1997-02-05 System für Raumklangeffekt und Verfahren dafür Expired - Lifetime EP0790753B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9601740 1996-02-13
FR9601740A FR2744871B1 (fr) 1996-02-13 1996-02-13 Systeme de spatialisation sonore, et procede de personnalisation pour sa mise en oeuvre

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EP0790753A1 true EP0790753A1 (de) 1997-08-20
EP0790753B1 EP0790753B1 (de) 2004-01-28

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US (1) US5987142A (de)
EP (1) EP0790753B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH1042399A (de)
CA (1) CA2197166C (de)
DE (1) DE69727328T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2744871B1 (de)

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FR2977335A1 (fr) * 2011-06-29 2013-01-04 France Telecom Procede et dispositif de restitution de contenus audios
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FR3002205A1 (fr) * 2013-08-14 2014-08-22 Airbus Operations Sas Systeme indicateur d'attitude d'un aeronef par spatialisation sonore tridimensionnelle

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DE69727328T2 (de) 2004-10-21
FR2744871A1 (fr) 1997-08-14
EP0790753B1 (de) 2004-01-28
US5987142A (en) 1999-11-16
CA2197166A1 (fr) 1997-08-14
FR2744871B1 (fr) 1998-03-06
JPH1042399A (ja) 1998-02-13
DE69727328D1 (de) 2004-03-04
CA2197166C (fr) 2005-08-16

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