Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/57—Gasification using molten salts or metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
  • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
  • C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
  • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
  • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
  • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
  • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
  • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
  • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
  • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
  • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
  • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for operating a high-temperature reactor for the treatment of waste materials, in which these waste materials such as e.g. Household and / or industrial wastes are subjected to high-temperature treatment in a reactor, with specially oriented oxygen lances being used for the high-temperature treatment of both the gaseous, liquid and the solid components.
• waste materials such as e.g. Household and / or industrial wastes are subjected to high-temperature treatment in a reactor, with specially oriented oxygen lances being used for the high-temperature treatment of both the gaseous, liquid and the solid components.
• the thermally pretreated waste materials are introduced into the high-temperature reactor without interruption via a charging point.
• the waste materials pretreated in this way form a gas-permeable bed in the reactor itself.
• the carbon contents present are oxidized or gasified at temperatures in the core of the gasification bed of more than 2000 ° C.
• the resulting CO 2 is mainly reduced to CO in a calming room above the bed, ie in the top area of the high-temperature reactor, above the gasification bed at temperatures of at least 1200 ° C. At these temperatures the reaction equilibrium (Boudouard equilibrium) is shifted towards the CO.
• the resulting synthesis gas which can be used very economically in terms of material and / or energy, mainly consists of CO, H 2 and small amounts of CO 2 at such a temperature control.
• Organic pollutants especially the highly toxic dioxins or furans, are no longer stable in the temperature range in question and are cracked with certainty.
• the metallic and / or mineral components of the waste are in the melted lower firing zone and withdrawn from the high temperature reactor.
• non-gasified carbon for example in the form of fine particles carried along, is in the synthesis gas in the calming room mentioned to justify the need for gasification in the gas space.
• the combination fuel / oxygen lance is preferably designed so that a portion of the oxygen required for the combustion of the heating gas flows through the oxygen lances.
• the nozzle of the lance which is exposed to the high temperature, is constantly cooled by this oxygen flow, even if no lance oxygen would be required. This measure protects the burner from damage or contamination of the UV monitoring glass by preventing the backflow or diffusion of the pressurized gas from the high-temperature reactor into the interior of the oxygen lance. where an explosive mixture would otherwise form when the lance is out of order.
• the oxygen lances oriented in the flow direction of the mineral and metal components to be melted out within the bed in the reactor area below the charging point promote the desired separation of components there, in particular when oxygen is used at high flow rates.
• oxygen is also temperature-controlled injected into the calming space in the form of a free gas space of the high-temperature reactor in such subsets, the temperature can be kept absolutely constant here by partial combustion of the synthesis gas.
• additional oxygen also offers the possibility of swirling the gas flow in the high-temperature range in such a way that laminar flow areas, which could form the “thoroughfares” mentioned for pollutants, no longer arise. Additional turbulence can be achieved in a simple manner in that several oxygen nozzles for injecting the partial oxygen quantity are used, which are arranged axially and / or radially inclined.
• oxygen lances do not have to be arranged on one level but can be spatially distributed over the gasification room.
• oxygen lances are used with at least one permanently burning, controllable pilot flame, the temperature necessary for the removal of pollutants can be maintained in any case, that is to say regardless of other parameters.
• These oxygen lances are preferably operated stoichiometrically with in-process synthesis gas or also externally supplied fuels, so that it can be set for the respective high-temperature treatment, the minimum temperature required.
• the reactor room above the charging point is kept at> 1000 ° C.
• the dimensioning of the reactor space is carried out in such a way that there is sufficient residence time for the equilibrium ratio to reach the reactor outlet until the synthesis gas is shock-cooled to avoid the formation of new organic compounds.
• the oxygen lances in the lower region ie for the melting or melting of the inorganic constituents, are oriented according to the invention in such a way that they support the direction of flow of the melt flowing away.
• the preferred procedure is that several lances are provided following the elliptical reactor bottom.
• the lances used for this essentially correspond to the lances as are known from DE 195 12 249.6. On the revelation content this document is therefore expressly referred to.
• It is essential that the lance oxygen is accelerated to at least approximately the speed of sound, so that it is also able to penetrate the melting or melting inorganic components with sufficient pressure.
• the high speed also prevents clogging of the oxygen lance.
• This high temperature treatment is preferably carried out at temperatures below 2000 ° C.
• a further development provides that, in addition to the oxygen lances described above, further burners are arranged in the area of the homogenization in the area of the melting and melting.
• the area for the homogenization be designed in such a way that the molten inorganic constituents can be homogenized almost completely.
• additional burners are arranged on the outlet side in the homogenization part of the reactor, these burners not necessarily having to be equipped with oxygen lances, but rather can be conventional burners. These burners are arranged so that they face the direction of flow of the flowing melt.
• any solid agglomerates still present are pushed back by the directed burner or prevented from flowing, so that there is a sufficiently long dwell time for melting and thus homogenization of these residual solid agglomerates still present.
• the shock-like cooling of the melt for solidification takes place by means of water jets only when complete homogenization of the melt has occurred in the manner described above.
• At least one burner is overstoichiometric in the area of melt homogenization, i.e. operated with excess oxygen, the homogenization takes place in an oxidizing atmosphere. Post-oxidation improves the stability of the melted minerals.
• the oxygen supply to the oxygen lances and / or fuel supply to the pilot flames is regulated as a function of the calorific value of the materials to be disposed of, so that an almost constant synthesis gas composition and / or quantity results in each case.
• This procedure thus compensates for different calorific values of the supply goods fed through the loading opening.
• the method according to the invention also starts from heterogeneous waste.
• the calorific values of heterogeneous waste vary greatly, because the waste can have a large number of organic components and thus a high calorific value or more inorganic components or moisture and thus a low calorific value.
• the composition of the synthesis gas mixture is determined at the gas-side outlet and the oxygen supply to the oxygen lances is regulated as a function of the calorific value, i.e. the oxygen lances are operated in such a way that a constant synthesis gas composition is achieved at the gas-side outlet.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
• Air Supply (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (3)

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Cited By (4)

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Citations (5)

• 1997
  • 1997-01-31 AT AT97101505T patent/ATE203267T1/de active
  • 1997-01-31 EP EP97101505A patent/EP0790291B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-02-03 CA CA002196649A patent/CA2196649C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-02-14 CN CNB971007225A patent/CN1143982C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-02-14 BR BR9700982A patent/BR9700982A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-02-17 JP JP09031736A patent/JP3121555B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (5)

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