EP0789217A1 - Gas-operated automatic firearm, particularly a shotgun - Google Patents

Gas-operated automatic firearm, particularly a shotgun Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0789217A1
EP0789217A1 EP97101318A EP97101318A EP0789217A1 EP 0789217 A1 EP0789217 A1 EP 0789217A1 EP 97101318 A EP97101318 A EP 97101318A EP 97101318 A EP97101318 A EP 97101318A EP 0789217 A1 EP0789217 A1 EP 0789217A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
breech
barrel
firearm according
firearm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97101318A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0789217B1 (en
Inventor
Sergio Scaramucci
Rolando Caldari
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Benelli Armi SpA
Original Assignee
Benelli Armi SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Benelli Armi SpA filed Critical Benelli Armi SpA
Publication of EP0789217A1 publication Critical patent/EP0789217A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0789217B1 publication Critical patent/EP0789217B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated
    • F41A5/20—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated using a gas piston arranged concentrically around the barrel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated
    • F41A5/24—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated by direct action of gas pressure on bolt or locking elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/38—Loading arrangements, i.e. for bringing the ammunition into the firing position
    • F41A9/39—Ramming arrangements
    • F41A9/42—Rammers separate from breech-block
    • F41A9/44—Fluid-operated piston rammers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas-operated automatic firearm, particularly a shotgun.
  • Autoloading shotguns generally include a bolt mechanism linked to a piston and cylinder assembly which is operated by a portion of the gas generated on discharge of a round and bled from the gun barrel to the cylinder.
  • the gas port is generally arranged approximately in the median third of the bore, slightly more than halfway along the length of the barrel.
  • a main problem of auto-loading shotguns is the necessity to fire shells of different power and to ensure a correct operation with the weakest shells, the gas port section is rather large to allow the passage of a sufficient portion of gas. Also the diameter of the piston has to be greater than that of the bore.
  • US-4,102,242 discloses a gas-operated shotgun provided with a pair of gas cylinders mounted on opposite sides of the barrel at a somewhat forward position of the barrel.
  • the cylinders have respective pistons engaging an inertial weight slidably mounted on the magazine.
  • the inertial weight is connected to the bolt mechanism by a pair of action bars.
  • the barrel of this shotgun must have a minimum length set by the forward position of gas cylinders and related gas ports.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a gas operated shotgun, wherein the length of the barrel can be selected as desired while always ensuring a perfect automatic operation.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a gas operated shotgun with an improved automatic operation with respect to conventional gas operated shotguns even, especially, for example, when firing low power ammunition.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a gas-operated shotgun wherein the expansion chamber and the piston are less subject to clogging.
  • a gas-operated automatic firearm comprising: a barrel that forms a cylindrical portion that is blended with a cartridge chamber which can be closed by a breech; a gas port located proximate to the cartridge chamber and adapted to draw a portion of the gas generated on discharge of a round to actuate a piston that is suitable to open the breech, for automatically re-loading the firearm.
  • a gas-operated shotgun generally designated by the reference numeral 1, includes a barrel 3 having a cartridge chamber 5 that is connected with the cylindrical portion 7 of the barrel by a cone portion 9.
  • a breech 11 is actuated by a kinematic system receiving energy from gas that arrives from a gas port formed in the barrel in a per se known manner.
  • a smoothbore shotgun has a breech 11 with a rotating head 13, of the type described for example in Italian patent No. 1.172.795 and in the corresponding European patent No. 0128125 and US patent No. 4.604.942, in the name of this same Applicant.
  • Shotgun 1 includes at least one gas port 15 that is located in cylindrical portion 7 of barrel 3, proximate to cone 9, and is suitable to connect the bore of barrel 3 to an expansion chamber 17 that is formed inside a cylinder 19 associated with the barrel 3 of the weapon.
  • Expansion chamber 17 is formed, at one end, by a piston 21 that can slide inside cylinder 19 and is associated with an actuation rod 23 adapted to act on breech 11 and, at the other end, by a closure 25.
  • Closure 25 is constituted by a threaded cylindrical body adapted to engage a corresponding thread 27, formed in cylinder 19.
  • the cylindrical body includes a protrusion 29 adapted to abut against the end of piston 21.
  • Closure 25 also includes a pressure limiting valve 31 constituted by a hole 33 that can be closed by a ball 35 that can move in contrast with a spring 37.
  • the shotgun according to the invention advantageously has two cylinders 19 that are arranged at the sides, between barrel 3 and magazine 39, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the operation of the shotgun according to the invention is as follows.
  • Figure 1 the firearm is shown in the idle position, ready to fire, with the breech closed, cartridge 41 in the barrel, and expansion chamber 17 empty.
  • the invention achieves the intended aim and objects, providing a shotgun which, by virtue of the characteristic position of the gas port near the cartridge chamber, can be provided with any barrel length according to the requirements.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the gas is taken when the pressure is highest, ensuring excellent operation even with the weakest cartridges.
  • the gas cylinder has a substantially smaller diameter than conventional cylinders.
  • the diameter of the gas cylinder according to the invention is approximately half of conventional ones, thereby reducing the gas portion taken from the cartridge chamber, with consequent less clogging of the cylinder and of the piston and less energy drawn from the charge of the cartridge. This also reduces undesired effects on the shooting pattern.
  • the recoil of the shotgun would cause the bolt to initially contrast the thrust of the pistons because of their reduced diameter. This would cause a delay in the opening of the bolt and this delay is added to the delay caused by the rotating bolt head.
  • the operation of the firearm is thus greatly improved especially when using rounds with cardboard shells.
  • the position of the gas port according to the invention can vary with respect to the illustrated embodiment; it has in fact been observed that it can be placed even further back, even in the cartridge chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Mechanical Pencils And Projecting And Retracting Systems Therefor, And Multi-System Writing Instruments (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)

Abstract

Gas-operated automatic weapon, particularly a shotgun (1), including a barrel (3) having a cylindrical portion (7) that is blended with a cartridge chamber (5) which can be closed by a breech (11), wherein it includes a gas take-off (15) that is located proximate to the cartridge chamber (5) and is suitable to draw a fraction of the gases generated by the cartridge (41) to actuate a piston that is suitable to open the breech (5) for automatic reloading of the weapon (1).

Description

  • The present invention relates to a gas-operated automatic firearm, particularly a shotgun.
  • Autoloading shotguns generally include a bolt mechanism linked to a piston and cylinder assembly which is operated by a portion of the gas generated on discharge of a round and bled from the gun barrel to the cylinder.
  • The gas port is generally arranged approximately in the median third of the bore, slightly more than halfway along the length of the barrel.
  • There are a few problems connected with auto-loading gas-operated shotguns.
  • A main problem of auto-loading shotguns is the necessity to fire shells of different power and to ensure a correct operation with the weakest shells, the gas port section is rather large to allow the passage of a sufficient portion of gas. Also the diameter of the piston has to be greater than that of the bore.
  • Another problem of conventional gas-operated shotguns is that the barrel must have a minimum length due to the forward position of the gas port. It is however desirable to provide auto-loading shotguns with a shorter barrel.
  • US-4,102,242 discloses a gas-operated shotgun provided with a pair of gas cylinders mounted on opposite sides of the barrel at a somewhat forward position of the barrel. The cylinders have respective pistons engaging an inertial weight slidably mounted on the magazine. The inertial weight is connected to the bolt mechanism by a pair of action bars. The barrel of this shotgun must have a minimum length set by the forward position of gas cylinders and related gas ports.
  • The aim of the present invention is to provide a gas operated shotgun, wherein the length of the barrel can be selected as desired while always ensuring a perfect automatic operation.
  • Within the scope of this aim, an object of the invention is to provide a gas operated shotgun with an improved automatic operation with respect to conventional gas operated shotguns even, especially, for example, when firing low power ammunition.
  • A further object of the invention is to provide a gas-operated shotgun wherein the expansion chamber and the piston are less subject to clogging.
  • This aim, these objects, and others which will become apparent hereinafter are achieved by a gas-operated automatic firearm comprising: a barrel that forms a cylindrical portion that is blended with a cartridge chamber which can be closed by a breech; a gas port located proximate to the cartridge chamber and adapted to draw a portion of the gas generated on discharge of a round to actuate a piston that is suitable to open the breech, for automatically re-loading the firearm.
  • Further characteristics and advantages will become apparent from the description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of the invention, illustrated only by way of non-limitative example in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
    • Figure 1 is a partially and longitudinally sectional side view of a portion of a shotgun according to the invention, illustrated in the position in which the breech is closed and the cartridge is in the barrel;
    • Figure 2 is a view, similar to Figure 1, but in the position in which the breech is moving backward and the cartridge is moving out;
    • Figure 3 is a partial sectional front view of the shotgun;
    • Figure 4 is an exploded side view of the shotgun according to the invention.
  • With reference to the above figures, a gas-operated shotgun, generally designated by the reference numeral 1, includes a barrel 3 having a cartridge chamber 5 that is connected with the cylindrical portion 7 of the barrel by a cone portion 9. A breech 11 is actuated by a kinematic system receiving energy from gas that arrives from a gas port formed in the barrel in a per se known manner. In the present example, a smoothbore shotgun has a breech 11 with a rotating head 13, of the type described for example in Italian patent No. 1.172.795 and in the corresponding European patent No. 0128125 and US patent No. 4.604.942, in the name of this same Applicant. For the sake of brevity, the operation of the breech 11, which is per se known and has been described extensively in these prior patents, will not be repeated herein. However, it is evident that any other type of breech can be used in the weapon according to the invention.
  • Shotgun 1 includes at least one gas port 15 that is located in cylindrical portion 7 of barrel 3, proximate to cone 9, and is suitable to connect the bore of barrel 3 to an expansion chamber 17 that is formed inside a cylinder 19 associated with the barrel 3 of the weapon.
  • Expansion chamber 17 is formed, at one end, by a piston 21 that can slide inside cylinder 19 and is associated with an actuation rod 23 adapted to act on breech 11 and, at the other end, by a closure 25.
  • Closure 25 is constituted by a threaded cylindrical body adapted to engage a corresponding thread 27, formed in cylinder 19. The cylindrical body includes a protrusion 29 adapted to abut against the end of piston 21. Closure 25 also includes a pressure limiting valve 31 constituted by a hole 33 that can be closed by a ball 35 that can move in contrast with a spring 37.
  • In the illustrated example, the shotgun according to the invention advantageously has two cylinders 19 that are arranged at the sides, between barrel 3 and magazine 39, as shown in Figure 3. However, it is also possible to use a single cylinder according to the specific requirements and to the type of weapon.
  • The operation of the shotgun according to the invention is as follows.
  • In Figure 1, the firearm is shown in the idle position, ready to fire, with the breech closed, cartridge 41 in the barrel, and expansion chamber 17 empty.
  • A fraction of the gases produced upon firing enters expansion chamber 17 through gas port 15, moving backward (to the left with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2) piston 21, which, by means of rod 23, pushes breech 11 so that it opens, as shown in FIG. 2. Any excess pressure is absorbed by the pressure limiting valve 31. Figure 2 shows the breech as it moves backward and cartridge 41 as it leaves barrel 3. The operation of the breech and of the loading system is per se known and is not described herein. It is also evident that the system for closing the breech, loading, and feeding the firearm may be different from the illustrated example according to the requirements.
  • It has been observed in practice that the invention achieves the intended aim and objects, providing a shotgun which, by virtue of the characteristic position of the gas port near the cartridge chamber, can be provided with any barrel length according to the requirements.
  • A further advantage of the invention is that the gas is taken when the pressure is highest, ensuring excellent operation even with the weakest cartridges.
  • A further important advantage is that the gas cylinder has a substantially smaller diameter than conventional cylinders. In practice, the diameter of the gas cylinder according to the invention is approximately half of conventional ones, thereby reducing the gas portion taken from the cartridge chamber, with consequent less clogging of the cylinder and of the piston and less energy drawn from the charge of the cartridge. This also reduces undesired effects on the shooting pattern.
  • Furthermore, upon firing a round, the recoil of the shotgun would cause the bolt to initially contrast the thrust of the pistons because of their reduced diameter. This would cause a delay in the opening of the bolt and this delay is added to the delay caused by the rotating bolt head. The operation of the firearm is thus greatly improved especially when using rounds with cardboard shells.
  • The position of the gas port according to the invention can vary with respect to the illustrated embodiment; it has in fact been observed that it can be placed even further back, even in the cartridge chamber.
  • The shotgun according to the invention is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all within the scope of the appended claims; all the details may be replaced with technically equivalent elements.
  • The materials employed, as well as the dimensions, may of course be any according to the requirements and the state of the art.
  • Where technical features mentioned in any claim are followed by reference signs, those reference signs have been included for the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the claims and accordingly, such reference signs do not have any limiting effect on the scope of each element identified by way of example by such reference signs.

Claims (11)

  1. A gas-operated automatic firearm comprising: a barrel (3) that forms a cylindrical portion (7) that is blended with a cartridge chamber (5) which can be closed by a breech (11); characterized in that it comprises a gas port means (15) located proximate to the cartridge chamber and adapted to draw a portion of the gas generated on discharge of a round to actuate a piston means (21) that is suitable to open the breech, for automatically re-loading the firearm.
  2. Firearm according to claim 1, comprising two gas ports (15) connected to respective cylinders (19) that are arranged to the sides of said barrel.
  3. Firearm according to claim 2, wherein each piston is connected to said breech directly by a rod (23).
  4. Firearm according to claim 1, wherein said gas port means is connected to an expansion chamber (17) that is formed, inside a cylinder, by said piston and by a closure (25) that is associated with said cylinder.
  5. Firearm according to claim 4, comprising a pressure limiting valve (31) adapted to vent the gases from said expansion chamber in case of excessive pressure.
  6. Firearm according to claim 5, wherein said pressure limiting valve is associated with said closure.
  7. Firearm according to claim 1, wherein said cylindrical portion of said barrel is blended with said cartridge chamber by a blending cone (9).
  8. Firearm according to claim 1, wherein said gas port means is arranged in said cylindrical portion proximate to said blending cone.
  9. Firearm according to claim 1, wherein said gas port means is arranged in said blending cone.
  10. Firearm according to claim 1, wherein said gas port means is arranged in said cartridge chamber.
  11. Firearm according to claim 1, wherein said breech comprises a rotating closure head.
EP97101318A 1996-02-08 1997-01-29 Gas-operated automatic firearm, particularly a shotgun Expired - Lifetime EP0789217B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT96MI000229A IT1282015B1 (en) 1996-02-08 1996-02-08 AUTOMATIC GAS-HOLDED WEAPON
ITMI960229 1996-02-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0789217A1 true EP0789217A1 (en) 1997-08-13
EP0789217B1 EP0789217B1 (en) 2003-03-26

Family

ID=11373182

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97101318A Expired - Lifetime EP0789217B1 (en) 1996-02-08 1997-01-29 Gas-operated automatic firearm, particularly a shotgun

Country Status (12)

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EP (1) EP0789217B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3935544B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100492678B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE235670T1 (en)
BR (1) BR9700912A (en)
DE (1) DE69720089T2 (en)
EA (1) EA000324B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2196203T3 (en)
IL (1) IL120103A (en)
IT (1) IT1282015B1 (en)
TR (1) TR199700089A2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA97904B (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1215464A1 (en) * 2000-12-14 2002-06-19 BENELLI ARMI S.p.A. Self-actuating firearm
US6722255B2 (en) * 2000-12-11 2004-04-20 Geoffrey A. Herring Apparatus and method for actuating a bolt carrier group of a receiver assembly
US8443712B2 (en) 2006-05-24 2013-05-21 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Gas-operated firearm

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1311772B1 (en) * 1999-12-10 2002-03-19 Beretta Armi Spa SPEARGUN WITH PERFECTED GAS SOCKET.
US8109194B2 (en) 2009-03-20 2012-02-07 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Clamped gas block for barrel

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH19463A (en) * 1899-05-29 1900-07-31 Mannlicher Ferdinand Ritter Vo Automatic firearm
FR390196A (en) * 1908-05-13 1908-09-28 The Mcclean Arms & Ordnance Company Improvements to automatic cannons loaded by the breech and actuated by gas
CH89832A (en) * 1917-11-10 1921-07-01 Johannes Roethlisberger Bolt drive device on self-loaders with straight pull lock.
US1388856A (en) * 1917-07-30 1921-08-30 Ansley H Fox Company Machine-gun
US2144241A (en) * 1936-06-01 1939-01-17 Eiane Halvor Olsen Automatic rifle
FR68279E (en) * 1955-04-25 1958-04-28 Auto-repeating shotgun upgrades
US3125930A (en) * 1964-03-24 x x x s s
US3289535A (en) * 1964-03-20 1966-12-06 Messrs Mauser Werke Ag Breech operating mechanism for a gas pressure loader for guns
US4015512A (en) * 1974-10-29 1977-04-05 Feerick Jay J Gas-operated firearm
US4102242A (en) * 1975-08-04 1978-07-25 O. F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc. Autoloading gas-operated firearm
US4270437A (en) * 1977-09-01 1981-06-02 Donovan John S Gas operated automatic weapon

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3125930A (en) * 1964-03-24 x x x s s
CH19463A (en) * 1899-05-29 1900-07-31 Mannlicher Ferdinand Ritter Vo Automatic firearm
FR390196A (en) * 1908-05-13 1908-09-28 The Mcclean Arms & Ordnance Company Improvements to automatic cannons loaded by the breech and actuated by gas
US1388856A (en) * 1917-07-30 1921-08-30 Ansley H Fox Company Machine-gun
CH89832A (en) * 1917-11-10 1921-07-01 Johannes Roethlisberger Bolt drive device on self-loaders with straight pull lock.
US2144241A (en) * 1936-06-01 1939-01-17 Eiane Halvor Olsen Automatic rifle
FR68279E (en) * 1955-04-25 1958-04-28 Auto-repeating shotgun upgrades
US3289535A (en) * 1964-03-20 1966-12-06 Messrs Mauser Werke Ag Breech operating mechanism for a gas pressure loader for guns
US4015512A (en) * 1974-10-29 1977-04-05 Feerick Jay J Gas-operated firearm
US4102242A (en) * 1975-08-04 1978-07-25 O. F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc. Autoloading gas-operated firearm
US4270437A (en) * 1977-09-01 1981-06-02 Donovan John S Gas operated automatic weapon

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6722255B2 (en) * 2000-12-11 2004-04-20 Geoffrey A. Herring Apparatus and method for actuating a bolt carrier group of a receiver assembly
EP1215464A1 (en) * 2000-12-14 2002-06-19 BENELLI ARMI S.p.A. Self-actuating firearm
US6619592B2 (en) 2000-12-14 2003-09-16 Benelli Armi S.P.A. Self-actuating firearm
US8443712B2 (en) 2006-05-24 2013-05-21 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Gas-operated firearm

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0789217B1 (en) 2003-03-26
ATE235670T1 (en) 2003-04-15
ITMI960229A1 (en) 1997-08-08
IL120103A (en) 2001-03-19
JPH09217998A (en) 1997-08-19
IT1282015B1 (en) 1998-03-06
ITMI960229A0 (en) 1996-02-08
TR199700089A2 (en) 1997-08-21
EA199700017A1 (en) 1997-09-30
KR100492678B1 (en) 2005-08-17
DE69720089D1 (en) 2003-04-30
ES2196203T3 (en) 2003-12-16
ZA97904B (en) 1997-08-01
EA000324B1 (en) 1999-04-29
IL120103A0 (en) 1997-04-15
DE69720089T2 (en) 2003-11-27
JP3935544B2 (en) 2007-06-27
BR9700912A (en) 1998-09-01
KR970062646A (en) 1997-09-12

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