EP0786826A2 - Dispositif de communication à dispersion d'intermodulation - Google Patents

Dispositif de communication à dispersion d'intermodulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0786826A2
EP0786826A2 EP97300507A EP97300507A EP0786826A2 EP 0786826 A2 EP0786826 A2 EP 0786826A2 EP 97300507 A EP97300507 A EP 97300507A EP 97300507 A EP97300507 A EP 97300507A EP 0786826 A2 EP0786826 A2 EP 0786826A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmit amplifiers
antenna array
frequency
feeds
assignment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97300507A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0786826A3 (fr
Inventor
Arnold L. Berman
James D. Thompson
Michael I. Mandell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DirecTV Group Inc
Original Assignee
Hughes Aircraft Co
HE Holdings Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hughes Aircraft Co, HE Holdings Inc filed Critical Hughes Aircraft Co
Publication of EP0786826A2 publication Critical patent/EP0786826A2/fr
Publication of EP0786826A3 publication Critical patent/EP0786826A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
    • H01P1/203—Strip line filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
    • H01P3/08—Microstrips; Strip lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to communications systems, and more particularly, to intermodulation scattering communications satellite systems.
  • each transmitted signal (or beam) is assigned a frequency, and an associated spatial destination address, (i.e., azimuth and elevation coordinates).
  • an associated spatial destination address i.e., azimuth and elevation coordinates.
  • the present invention provides for significant intermodulation scattering improvements for general cases of multiple beam, multi-frequency communications systems realized with directly radiating active arrays, or multi-feed reflector systems fed from composite, multiple shared transmit amplifiers. These two types of systems, when implemented using the principles of the present invention, both provide significant intermodulation scattering improvements within a desired field of view.
  • the present invention provides for satellite-based multiple beam, multiple carrier communications systems employing transmitters that provide enhanced system performance by scattering intermodulation products with respect to desired signals at the same frequency, thereby improving the overall signal-to-noise ratio of the communications links.
  • NPR noise power ratio
  • some portion of the NPR improvement may be allocated to allow satellite transmitters to operate closer to saturation at higher levels of efficiency, resulting in a further improvement in system performance.
  • the key to improving system carrier-to-intermodulation or NPR performance is to include design features in the communications system that deliberately disassociate the spatial address from the frequency address as the intermodulation products are created. This in turn requires mixing together of many signal reuses of the frequency band in a set of common (nonlinear) transmit amplifiers, and individual signal phasings within the set of transmit amplifiers determine the final spatial destination of each signal.
  • the specific signal components from different amplifiers and radiating elements reinforce and are focused to form the desired beams, while the majority of intermodulation products are scattered over the spatial field-of-view by virtue of amplifier and beamforming matrix interconnections and the 2 ⁇ modulus of the phase function.
  • Key aspects of the present invention thus include the disassociation of the frequencies and spatial addresses for the intermodulation (but not the signals), and the ratio of the number of cells in the system to the frequency reuse.
  • efficient systems have a very high number of reuses per frequency, a high number of cells in the frequency reuse pattern, and a relatively small fraction of the field-of-view assigned to each frequency sub-band.
  • the present invention is generally applicable to multiple beam, multiple signal satellite-based communications systems.
  • the present invention is particularly useful in mobile communications systems where the number of signals and the number of frequency reuses are very high, and where the efficiency of the satellite-based transmitter is a critical component of the overall system.
  • the transmitter 10a comprises a defocused antenna array 15 that includes a plurality of antenna elements 15a, and a hybrid amplifier structure 18 having a set of transmit amplifiers 13 and a beamforming matrix 14, such as a Butler matrix 14, for example, that share the plurality of transmit amplifiers 13 among feeds 15b for each element 15a of the antenna array 15.
  • a defocused antenna array 15 that includes a plurality of antenna elements 15a
  • a hybrid amplifier structure 18 having a set of transmit amplifiers 13 and a beamforming matrix 14, such as a Butler matrix 14, for example, that share the plurality of transmit amplifiers 13 among feeds 15b for each element 15a of the antenna array 15.
  • the transmitter 10 further comprises assignment apparatus 20 (assignment algorithm 20) that may be implemented in a signal processor 17 or a channelization, beamforming and signal routing matrix 12 that is derived from and corresponds to the assignment algorithm 20, depending upon the system.
  • assignment apparatus 20 or corresponding matrix 12 assigns particular transmit amplifiers 13 to be contributors to particular beams 16 radiated by the antenna array 15 in response to a desired beam profile 11 applied to inputs 12a of the signal processor 17 or channelization, beamforming and signal routing matrix 12, respectively.
  • a computational block diagram for the system 10a of Fig. 1 is shown in Fig. 2.
  • a feed excitation matrix 21 receives a traffic profile corresponding to signals to be radiated to each beam (n b ) and produces the desired feed excitations (n f ) 22. This is accomplished for each beam in the system using the corresponding beam profile H.
  • a permutation matrix and plurality of Butler matrices (having n f inputs and n a outputs receives the beams from the plurality of feeds 22 and couples them to a plurality of amplifiers (n a ) 13. Outputs of the amplifiers 13 are coupled to a permutation matrix and plurality of Butler matrices 14 (having n a inputs and n f outputs).
  • Outputs of the permutation matrix and plurality of Butler matrices 14 are coupled by way of a plurality of feeds 23 (n f ) to a feed to center of beam matrix 24 (having n f inputs and n b outputs for example) that outputs the signal received in the center of each beam.
  • the number of beams (n b ) may be 243
  • the number of antenna feed elements (n f ) may be 153
  • the number of amplifiers (n a ) may be 160.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an antenna coverage plot over Africa for the multiple beam reflector system 10a while Fig. 4 illustrates details of cell coverage for the plot of Fig. 3 showing cell number versus a seven cell frequency reuse pattern.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates an antenna coverage plot over Asia for the multiple beam reflector system 10a.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a forward link of an active phased array communications system 10b in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the system 10b comprises a multibeam receiver 30 that receives signals on each of its input beams. Outputs of the multibeam receiver 30 are coupled to a signal processor 40, or forward link processor 40.
  • the forward link processor 40 generates a plurality of output signals corresponding to the number of beams (n b ) that are coupled by way of a plurality of fixed upconverters 41 to a beamformer 14, such as may be provided by a Butler matrix beamformer 14, for example.
  • Outputs of the beamformer 14 are coupled by way of a plurality of amplifier modules 42 that each include an adjustable phase shifter 43, an adjustable attenuator 44, and a power amplifier 45, and a plurality of output filters 46 to a plurality of antenna elements 15a of an antenna array 15.
  • the system 10b includes a frequency reference generator 50 that comprises a plurality of frequency reference sources 51 whose frequency outputs are coupled by way of a plurality of summing devices 52 to a plurality of local oscillator generators 53 and a plurality of local oscillator distribution circuits 54 that distribute the reference frequency signals to local oscillators of the forward link. Second outputs of the summing devices 52 are coupled to return local oscillator generators (not shown).
  • a typical nine cell frequency reuse pattern 21 used in a prototype active phased array communications system 10b of Fig. 6 that has been reduced to practice is shown in Fig. 7, while a typical stacking arrangement for arranging the nine cell frequency reuse pattern 21 is shown in Fig. 8.
  • the frequency reuse pattern 21 shown in Fig. 7 comprises a typical coverage pattern for each frequency sub-band in the far field (on earth relative to a satellite-based communications system, for example).
  • the frequency reuse pattern 21 is shown as a three-by-three square cell pattern, but is to be understood that a hexagonal or other regularly shaped cell pattern, for example, may also be used.
  • Multiple beam communications systems reuse an assigned frequency band many times for signals in different beams within the overall field-of-view of the antenna 15.
  • each signal is assigned a frequency, and an associated spatial destination address (azimuth and elevation coordinates).
  • the present invention deliberately disassociates the spatial address from the frequency address as the intermodulation products are created. This requires mixing together of many signal reuses of the frequency band in the set of common transmit amplifiers 13.
  • Disassociation is achieved for the multiple beam reflector communications system, for example, by using the channelization, beamforming and signal routing matrix 12 in combination with the beamforming matrix 14.
  • Disassociation is achieved for the active phased array communications system, for example, by using the signal processor 17 which implements an algorithm corresponding to the channelizaion, beamforming and signal routing matrix 12 in combination with the beamforming matrix 14.
  • Individual signal phasings within the set of transmit amplifiers 13 determine the final spatial destination of each signal.
  • the specific signal components from different transmit amplifiers 13 and associated radiating elements 15a reinforce and are focused to form the desired beams 16, while the majority of the intermodulation products are scattered over the spatial field-of-view by virtue of interconnections between the transmit amplifiers 13 and beamforming matrix 14 and the 2 ⁇ modulus of the phase function.
  • the shared transmit amplifiers 13 are broken into subsets (such as may be provided by 8x8 Butler matrix modules, for example) while the frequency reuse parameter for the cell pattern 21 may be set to 7 (relatively prime to 8).
  • the resulting distribution of signals forming each beam 16 among the relatively prime (8x8) transmit amplifiers 13 then scatters the resulting intermodulation products.
  • the resulting average improvement approached a limiting value of 10 log 7 (dB).
  • each signal that is to be transmitted is present in every transmit amplifier 13, and a linear phase progression is formed across the transmit amplifiers 13 to determine the spaced destination of each signal.
  • a nine cell reuse pattern 21 on earth such as is shown in Fig. 7, for example, may be permuted to randomize the regularity of the cell structure, such as in the manner shown in Fig. 8, for example.
  • the resulting improvement approaches a limiting value of 10 log 9 (dB).
  • Fig. 9 illustrates a partial listing of successful frequency patterns that have been used in a reduced to practice embodiment of the present invention.
  • the overall improvements result from judicially combining the effects of the shared transmit amplifiers 13 (that carry all the signals in the frequency reuse system), with the phasing effects inherent in the multiple beam radiating structure in order to realize the desired zonal frequency reuse pattern 21 on earth.
  • an essential element is the permutation matrix describing which Butler matrix 14 output each feed element 15a connects to.
  • An optimal assignment algorithm 20 results in a uniform distribution of power over the transmit amplifiers 13, resulting in corresponding improvements in system performance (NPR) in the far field.
  • An optimal assignment algorithm computes the optimal permutation matrix.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
EP97300507A 1996-01-29 1997-01-28 Dispositif de communication à dispersion d'intermodulation Withdrawn EP0786826A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US59360096A 1996-01-29 1996-01-29
US593600 1996-01-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0786826A2 true EP0786826A2 (fr) 1997-07-30
EP0786826A3 EP0786826A3 (fr) 1999-06-02

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EP97300507A Withdrawn EP0786826A3 (fr) 1996-01-29 1997-01-28 Dispositif de communication à dispersion d'intermodulation

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2751494A1 (fr) * 1996-07-18 1998-01-23 Motorola Inc Systeme de satellite de telecommunications geosynchrone dont l'aire de desserte peut etre reconfiguree
EP0877444A1 (fr) * 1997-05-05 1998-11-11 Nortel Networks Corporation Architecture pour la formation de faisceaux dans la liaison descendante pour une configuration avec faisceaux en chevauchement
WO1999031758A1 (fr) * 1997-12-18 1999-06-24 Sel Verteidigungssysteme Gmbh Systeme d'alimentation d'antenne
EP0963005A2 (fr) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-08 Hughes Electronics Corporation Antenne à réflecteur de satellite avec un réseau d' alimentation pour faisceaux reconfigurables
EP0963006A2 (fr) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-08 Hughes Electronics Corporation Réseau d'antennes de satellite à commande de phase à faisceaux reconfigurables
US6650876B1 (en) 1999-08-24 2003-11-18 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Methods and arrangement relating to a radio communication network
CN100455075C (zh) * 2003-06-05 2009-01-21 中兴通讯股份有限公司 空间多波束馈电网络的实现装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105896081B (zh) * 2016-04-27 2018-08-07 西安空间无线电技术研究所 一种双频电控可重构butler矩阵馈电网络

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988001456A1 (fr) * 1986-08-14 1988-02-25 Hughes Aircraft Company Systeme de communication par satellite faisant appel a la reutilisation des frequences
US5132694A (en) * 1989-06-29 1992-07-21 Ball Corporation Multiple-beam array antenna
GB2281009A (en) * 1993-08-12 1995-02-15 Northern Telecom Ltd Base station antenna arrangement

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988001456A1 (fr) * 1986-08-14 1988-02-25 Hughes Aircraft Company Systeme de communication par satellite faisant appel a la reutilisation des frequences
US5132694A (en) * 1989-06-29 1992-07-21 Ball Corporation Multiple-beam array antenna
GB2281009A (en) * 1993-08-12 1995-02-15 Northern Telecom Ltd Base station antenna arrangement

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
EGAMI S AND KAWAI M: "An Adaptive Multiple Beam System Concept" IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, vol. SAC-5, no. 4, May 1987, pages 630-636, XP002099075 New York, USA *
ROEDERER A G: "SEMI-ACTIVE REFLECTOR ANTENNAS" PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSIS), ANN ARBOR, JUNE 28 - JULY 2, 1993, vol. 3, 28 June 1993, pages 1338-1341, XP000452529 INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS *

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2751494A1 (fr) * 1996-07-18 1998-01-23 Motorola Inc Systeme de satellite de telecommunications geosynchrone dont l'aire de desserte peut etre reconfiguree
WO1998004017A1 (fr) * 1996-07-18 1998-01-29 Motorola Inc. Systeme satellitaire geosynchrone de telecommunications a zone de desserte reconfigurable
EP0877444A1 (fr) * 1997-05-05 1998-11-11 Nortel Networks Corporation Architecture pour la formation de faisceaux dans la liaison descendante pour une configuration avec faisceaux en chevauchement
US6104935A (en) * 1997-05-05 2000-08-15 Nortel Networks Corporation Down link beam forming architecture for heavily overlapped beam configuration
WO1999031758A1 (fr) * 1997-12-18 1999-06-24 Sel Verteidigungssysteme Gmbh Systeme d'alimentation d'antenne
DE19756363A1 (de) * 1997-12-18 1999-06-24 Cit Alcatel Antennenspeiseanordnung
EP0963005A2 (fr) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-08 Hughes Electronics Corporation Antenne à réflecteur de satellite avec un réseau d' alimentation pour faisceaux reconfigurables
EP0963006A2 (fr) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-08 Hughes Electronics Corporation Réseau d'antennes de satellite à commande de phase à faisceaux reconfigurables
EP0963005A3 (fr) * 1998-06-05 2001-03-28 Hughes Electronics Corporation Antenne à réflecteur de satellite avec un réseau d' alimentation pour faisceaux reconfigurables
EP0963006A3 (fr) * 1998-06-05 2001-04-04 Hughes Electronics Corporation Réseau d'antennes de satellite à commande de phase à faisceaux reconfigurables
US6650876B1 (en) 1999-08-24 2003-11-18 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Methods and arrangement relating to a radio communication network
CN100455075C (zh) * 2003-06-05 2009-01-21 中兴通讯股份有限公司 空间多波束馈电网络的实现装置

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