EP0786314B1 - Ratchet - Google Patents

Ratchet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0786314B1
EP0786314B1 EP19960110619 EP96110619A EP0786314B1 EP 0786314 B1 EP0786314 B1 EP 0786314B1 EP 19960110619 EP19960110619 EP 19960110619 EP 96110619 A EP96110619 A EP 96110619A EP 0786314 B1 EP0786314 B1 EP 0786314B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
holder
head
handle
roller body
spring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19960110619
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0786314A1 (en
Inventor
Eiji Nakayama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NKC Co Ltd
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NKC Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NKC Co Ltd filed Critical NKC Co Ltd
Publication of EP0786314A1 publication Critical patent/EP0786314A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0786314B1 publication Critical patent/EP0786314B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/46Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle
    • B25B13/461Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member
    • B25B13/462Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member the ratchet parts engaging in a direction radial to the tool operating axis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ratchet according to the preamble of claim 1. (see CH-A-244 678).
  • Ratchets are usually designed as universal tools, i. H. in the head of a ratchet is an inserted holder, which in turn stores an insertable or attachable tool, for example a screwdriver, wrench, or the like.
  • an insertable or attachable tool for example a screwdriver, wrench, or the like.
  • the holder rotatably mounted in the head for receiving of a so-called bit, on the end of which is a hexagon key is designed for a hexagon socket head screw. The bit can too pick up a coupling rod, at the other end a screwdriver or the like is included.
  • the present invention is specifically concerned with the design the actual ratchet mechanism, which is an easy switch between right-hand and left-hand (for tightening or loosening of screws, nuts and the like).
  • the object of the invention is to provide a ratchet of the type mentioned above, which on the one hand has a very compact structure, so that with This ratchet can also be worked in hard-to-reach places can, on the other hand preferably also switching between Right and left turns should be possible without the ratchet from the part to be turned (screw, nut, ...) must (see also FR-A-1 035 176).
  • the working direction of rotation (tightening a screw or loosening a screw) by the Handle is rotated about its longitudinal axis.
  • the one rotary position corresponds, for example, to the right gear, which corresponds to the other rotational position Links gear.
  • one of the rolling elements is replaced by the Spring means from the holder, d. H. of those on the perimeter of the holder trained receiving recesses moved so that this rolling element practically does not matter when using the tool.
  • the other rolling element is from the associated rolling element stop member by prestressing it while overcoming that of the spring means preload applied directly to the rolling element in the direction Holders pressed so that the rolling element in a recess on Circumference of the holder is located. If the head is in relative to the holder Working direction of rotation is rotated, so the rolling element between the him straight receiving recess and an area of the inner surface pinched the head, so that a twist of the handle and hence the head takes the holder. The head turns in the direction of return rotated, this rolling element can be its associated rolling element stop member push back against its bias and thus jump into the adjacent recess in the circumference of the holder. This Jumping is repeated according to the stroke of the return movement.
  • the ratchet according to the invention works practically without slippage. Once the If the handle is turned in the direction of rotation, the handle also turns Holder with the bit inserted.
  • the entire ratchet mechanism is symmetrical with respect to one plane formed which the longitudinal axis of the handle and which the head penetrating axis of rotation of the holder intersects.
  • the process described above therefore runs in a corresponding manner the other rolling element if, for example, from clockwise to counterclockwise was switched.
  • the working direction and accordingly the The return direction of this tool depends on the rotary position of the Handle with respect to the shaft receiving the handle.
  • the rotary position the handle determines which of the two rolling elements of the circumference of the holder sitting in the head is continuously moved away, and which rolling element due to the relatively large preload of the associated one Rolling element stop member pressed against the circumference of the holder becomes.
  • balls can also be used as rolling elements, preferably
  • cylindrical pins as they are in principle of needle bearings are known here.
  • Such pins give the ratchet mechanism considerable stability and durability.
  • Corresponding to the cylindrical Pins are within the scope of the holder inserted into the head axially parallel recesses formed, which have a partially cylindrical shape and thus encompass part of the circumference of the pin in question.
  • the spring means that act directly on the two rolling elements the task, in the case of right-hand or left-hand rotation, the one rolling element from move the peripheral surface of the holder.
  • An embodiment provides for this the invention that the rolling elements against the rolling element stop members preloading spring means as an open ring locking spring are formed, which in an annular locking spring receiving groove sits in a holder receiving opening of the head, the Contact the ends of the open ring locking spring with the rolling elements.
  • the ends of the ring locking spring press the two rolling elements the holder and its recesses away towards the handle.
  • the position of the end face of the insertion end sitting in the shaft of the handle and the dimensions of the rolling element stop members are chosen so that the spring means these rolling element stop members over the between the ends of the ring locking spring and the rolling element stop members seated rolling elements a bit towards the handle push back as long as not one of the rolling elements (or both Rolling elements) assigned by them biasing means in the direction of Holders are biased to the part by the ring locking spring on the Rolling elements to overcome applied preload.
  • the Rolling element stop members are designed as cylindrical pins which axially parallel to the shaft and the handle and parallel at a distance are stored to each other in the shaft, and that the pin on it the rolling elements facing end face an investment projection for the Have rolling elements. From this investment advantage and in part from the end face of the rolling element receiving member itself is then the associated rolling elements added, being by the ring locking spring is biased towards the rolling element stop member.
  • the ratchet mechanism according to the invention is now designed so that the moving of the rolling elements from the one rotatably seated in the head Holder is only possible as long as not on the part of a rolling element stop member a preload is applied to the associated rolling element through which the rolling element is pushed between the head and the holder is so that the rolling element is in a recess on the circumference of the rolling element.
  • ratchet mechanism in the At least one end of the handle on the end of the handle recessed two spring seats, in each of which sits a coil spring, the a ball axially loaded towards the head, the location of the Spring seats, the coil springs and the balls so on the location of the the rolling element stop members forming pin is matched that in one of the two rotary positions of the handle, one with one of the Balls aligned pins from the bias of the coil spring is pressed against the associated rolling element and thereby the rolling element between the holder and the head while the other is pushing Pin of the spring means against the end face of the insertion end of the Handle is pushed back.
  • a locking or locking position is provided.
  • the Invention before that additional spring seats in the insertion end of the handle are provided with associated coil springs and balls and that in a third rotational position between the handle and shaft two pins pretensioned by the coil springs (rolling element stop members) the two rolling elements between the holder and the head push to lock these two parts together in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the ratchet according to the invention is characterized by a compact Structure and consists of a few individual parts.
  • the parts of the ratchet can be made into an operational tool relatively quickly and easily Assemble.
  • Figure 1 shows in perspective a ratchet 2 with a head 4, in which a Bit 6 is stored in the form of a hexagon pin.
  • the axis of rotation of the Ratchet corresponds to the axis passing through head 4 and bit 6.
  • Bit 6 is inserted into an Allen screw 10, see above that the cap screw 10 by tightening a handle 8 of the ratchet 2 can be tightened.
  • the "getting dressed” here means that the Handle 8 essentially pulled out of the plane of the drawing becomes.
  • This actuating movement of the ratchet 2 is also in the following are referred to as the working direction.
  • the opposite movement the handle 8, that is, the movement approximately in the drawing plane is a movement in the direction of rotation of the ratchet in which the head screw 10 stops and only the handle 8 moved together with the head 4 while one is still below explained in more detail, in the head 4 seated holder 50 for the bit 6 in the Head screw 10 stops.
  • Ratchet 2 Before going to the details of that shown schematically in Figure 1 Ratchet is discussed in more detail, the operation of the ratchet 2 for switching between clockwise and counter-clockwise or for setting a locking or locking position are explained.
  • the handle 8 sits with an insertion end 81 in one piece the head 4 formed hollow shaft 42. Over a part of the circumference of the shaft 42 extends through the wall of the shaft 2 Window 44, in the edge facing the handle 8 three wells spaced apart (see Post 49 in Figure 5 bottom right) are trained. From one described below The mechanism is the handle 8 accommodated in the shaft 42 biased towards the end thereof so that one of the insertion ends 81 of the Handle 8 radially outwardly projecting projection 82 in the window 44 protrudes and due to the aforementioned bias of the handle 8 towards the end of one of the three with the appropriate rotary position Wells (49 in Figure 5) engages.
  • the cylindrical shaped insertion end 81 of the handle is from radially penetrates a receiving bore 83.
  • the location hole 83 has an internal thread at least in the area shown below in FIG. 2.
  • the handle 8 can be about its longitudinal axis twist in shaft 42 to a limited extent, the extent the twist depends on the circumferential length of the window 44.
  • the handle 8 with its insertion end 81 is still from below Springs described in more detail (which can be seen in FIG. 2) in FIG. 2 biased to the right, ie towards the end of the handle 8. hereby the projection 82 comes into contact with the one facing away from the head 4 Edge of the window 44, with a corresponding relative rotational position between handle 8 and shaft 42 in one of the three depressions 49 intervene and so one of the three defined rotary positions of the To take handle 8 with respect to the shaft 42.
  • Figure 4a shows the individual components of the total shown in Figure 1 Ratchet 2.
  • the handle 8 On the right in Figure 4a is the handle 8 with its insertion end 81 shown.
  • a Set of four spring seats 85a, 85b, 85c and 85d formed in the end face of the insertion end 81 .
  • the spring seats are each designed as blind holes and are in the shown in Figure 4b about the central longitudinal axis of the handle 8 or its engaging end 81 arranged at the same distance.
  • a coil spring 87 is received in each spring seat 85a-85d which each owns a small ball 88. As can be seen in Figure 2, the coil springs 87 press the associated small balls 88 against the bottom surface of the recess of the shaft 42 to thereby Insert 81 and with this the handle 8 to the right in FIG. 2 pretension.
  • the head 4 is shown on the left in FIG. 4a, which has a circular receiving opening 45 owns. In the middle of the height of the receiving opening 45 is a locking spring receiving groove 46 for receiving a ring spring trained locking spring 43 formed. At the top of the There is another receiving opening 45, not here with reference numerals provided groove to accommodate a steel ring spring trained retaining spring 47, with the help of the holder 50 in the receiving opening 45 of the head 4 is secured.
  • the holder 50 is penetrated in the middle by an opening in which a second retaining spring 52 an ejector button 51 is received.
  • the holder 50 receives bit 6, wherein the bit 6 has a circumferential groove and between them Circumferential groove and an annular groove inside the central opening of the Holder 50 is a further retaining spring 52.
  • the ejector button is turned on another bit inserted into the holder 50 again into the one in FIG. 2 shown upper position pressed.
  • each of the rolling elements 93 and 94 is designed as cylindrical pins.
  • To each of the rolling elements 93 and 94 includes a roller stop member 92 and 91, respectively.
  • Figure 4c shows a perspective view of the shape of the rolling element stop member 91.
  • the rolling element stop member 92 is designed in the same way.
  • the rolling element stop member 91 or 92 has the shape of a cylindrical pin with a flat end face, which in Figure 4c is covered. At the other end of the pin there is a partial end face 91a, on which a projection 91x arises, the stop surface 91c and a narrow end face 91b.
  • the two Surface sections 91a and 91c form a receiving or stop area for the rolling element associated with this rolling element stop member 91 94th
  • Figure 3 shows a horizontal section through that shown in Figure 1 Gun. It can clearly be seen that the shaft 42 is made in one piece with the ring body trained head 4 is formed. In the intermediate area are located between the receiving opening of the shaft 42 and the head 4 two bearings designed as cylindrical bores for receiving each of a rolling element stop member 91 or 92.
  • a plane of symmetry runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 3, which is the central longitudinal axis of the handle 8 and the common Includes axis of rotation A of the holder 50 and the head 40. The entire ratchet mechanism is symmetrical with respect to this plane of symmetry built up.
  • the two are designed as pins Rolling elements 93 and 94 each in a recess 53 on the outer circumference of the holder 50, with one end of the Ring locking spring 43 abuts.
  • the handle 8 adjusted with respect to the shaft 42 so that this rotational position the locking position "S" for the ratchet is defined.
  • the springs 87 on the Balls 88 applied bias overcomes the ring locking spring 43 applied to the rolling elements 93 and 94 tension, see above that these two rolling elements 93 and 94 in the direction of the holder 50th be pressed and thereby by two of the partially cylindrical recesses 53 are included.
  • the rolling element stop member comes 91 with its partial end face and the inclined surface (91c in Figure 4c) for contact with the outer circumference of the designed as a pin Rolling element 94, so that this rolling element 94 between the receiving it Recess 53 and the opposite of this recess Wall of the head 4 is pinched.
  • This will create a Relative rotation between head 4 and holder 50 prevented, so that Holder 50 and the tool insert or attachment coupled thereto be turned with the head 4.
  • the Working direction of rotation opposite to the arrow direction shown in Figure 5 correspond clockwise.
  • the handle 8 is opposite the shaft 42 rotated so that the rotational position of the left gear “L” equivalent.
  • the spring seat 85b is aligned with the rolling element stop member 91 across from.
  • the coil spring seated in this spring seat 85b presses the associated ball against the lower end face of the rolling element stop member 91, so that the rolling element stop member 91 the associated Rolling element 94 presses in the direction of the holder 50. So will that Handle 8 with the head 4 in the direction of the arrow counterclockwise rotated, the holder 50 is due to the between the holder 50th and the head 4 pinched rolling element 94.
  • the other rolling element stop member 92 is from the associated end the ring locking spring 43 biased towards the handle 8, and in the absence of a corresponding counterforce (by one of the coil springs in one of the spring seats 85a-85d is the lower end face of the Rolling element stop member 92 on the end face of the insertion end 81 of the Handle 8 on.
  • the location of the end face of the insertion end 81 and the Dimensions of the rolling element stop member 92 and the associated Rolling element 93 are selected so that the rolling element 93 is completely of the Holder 50 and the recesses 53 located on its circumference moved away is.
  • FIG. 7 shows the reverse process with respect to FIG. 5.
  • the rolling element stop member 92 in alignment with the spring seat 85c Insert end of the handle opposite, so that the rolling element stop member 92 associated rolling elements 93 in the direction of the holder 50 is pushed. If the head 4 is turned in the direction of the arrow, take this rotary movement due to the pinching of the rolling element 93 between head 4 and holder 50 with the holder 50.
  • a counter turn the direction of the arrow in FIG. 7, ie counterclockwise, causes a reset stroke (creak effect), the holder 50 with its tool insert and the screw engaged with it or mother stops.
  • the locked position of the ratchet can be omitted, so that only one switchover between counterclockwise and clockwise rotation is possible. Needed for this then only in the end face of the insertion end 81 of the handle 8 two spring seats (with a corresponding number of coil springs and small balls) to be present. The mode of operation according to FIG. 6 would then be dropped.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung befvifft eine Knarre gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. (siehe CH-A-244 678).The invention relates to a ratchet according to the preamble of claim 1. (see CH-A-244 678).

Derartige Werkzeuge haben sich seit langer Zeit in der Praxis bewährt. Knarren sind in der Regel als Universalwerkzeuge ausgebildet, d. h. in dem Kopf einer Knarre befindet sich ein eingesetzter Halter, der seinerseits ein einsteckbares oder ansteckbares Werkzeug lagert, beispielsweise einen Schraubendreher, ein Schraubenschlüssel oder dergleichen. Zum Beispiel kann der in dem Kopf drehbar gelagerte Halter zur Aufnahme eines sogenannten Bits dienen, an dem endseitig ein Sechskantschlüssel für eine Innensechskant-Kopfschraube ausgebildet ist. Das Bit kann auch eine Kupplungsstange aufnehmen, an deren anderem Ende ein Schraubendreher oder dergleichen aufgenommen ist.Such tools have proven themselves in practice for a long time. Ratchets are usually designed as universal tools, i. H. in the head of a ratchet is an inserted holder, which in turn stores an insertable or attachable tool, for example a screwdriver, wrench, or the like. To the For example, the holder rotatably mounted in the head for receiving of a so-called bit, on the end of which is a hexagon key is designed for a hexagon socket head screw. The bit can too pick up a coupling rod, at the other end a screwdriver or the like is included.

Bei der vorliegenden Erfindung geht es speziell um die Ausgestaltung des eigentlichen Knarrenmechanismus, der eine leichte Umschaltung zwischen Rechtsgang und Linksgang (zum Anziehen bzw. zum Lösen von Schrauben, Muttern und dergleichen) ermöglichen soll.The present invention is specifically concerned with the design the actual ratchet mechanism, which is an easy switch between right-hand and left-hand (for tightening or loosening of screws, nuts and the like).

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Knarre der oben genannten Art anzugeben, die einerseits einen sehr kompakten Aufbau besitzt, so daß mit dieser Knarre auch an schwer zugänglichen Stellen gearbeitet werden kann, wobei andererseits bevorzugt auch ein Umschalten zwischen Rechtsgang und Linksgang möglich sein soll, ohne daß dazu die Knarre von dem zu drehenden Teil (Schraube, Mutter, ...) abgenommen werden muß (siehe auch FR-A-1 035 176).The object of the invention is to provide a ratchet of the type mentioned above, which on the one hand has a very compact structure, so that with This ratchet can also be worked in hard-to-reach places can, on the other hand preferably also switching between Right and left turns should be possible without the ratchet from the part to be turned (screw, nut, ...) must (see also FR-A-1 035 176).

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe bei einer Knarre der oben genannten Art erfindungsgemäß durch folgende Merkmale des gekennzeichneten Teils des Anspruch 1. This task is solved with a ratchet of the type mentioned above according to the invention by the following features of the marked part of claim 1.

Bei der so ausgebildeten Knarre wird also die Arbeitsdrehrichtung (Anziehen einer Schraube oder Lösen einer Schraube) eingestellt, indem der Handgriff um seine Längsachse gedreht wird. Die eine Drehstellung entspricht beispielsweise Rechtsgang, die andere Drehstellung entspricht Linksgang.With the ratchet designed in this way, the working direction of rotation (tightening a screw or loosening a screw) by the Handle is rotated about its longitudinal axis. The one rotary position corresponds, for example, to the right gear, which corresponds to the other rotational position Links gear.

Je nach eingestellter Drehstellung wird der eine Wälzkörper durch die Federmittel von dem Halter, d. h. von den am Umfang des Halters ausgebildeten Aufnahme-Ausnehmungen abgerückt, so daß dieser Wälzkörper beim Einsatz des Werkzeugs praktisch keine Rolle spielt. Der andere Wälzkörper wird von dem zugehörigen Wälzkörperanschlagglied durch dessen Vorspannung unter Überwindung der von den Federmitteln auf den Wälzkörper direkt aufgebrachten Vorspannung in Richtung Halter gedrückt, so daß der Wälzkörper sich in einer Ausnehmung am Umfang des Halters befindet. Wird der Kopf relativ zu dem Halter in Arbeitsdrehrichtung gedreht, so wird der Wälzkörper zwischen der ihn gerade aufnehmenden Ausnehmung und einem Bereich der Innenfläche des Kopfs eingeklemmt, so daß eine Verdrehung des Handgriffs und mithin des Kopfs den Halter mitnimmt. Wird der Kopf in Rückstelldrehrichtung gedreht, so kann dieser Wälzkörper sein zugehöriges Wälzkörperanschlagglied gegen dessen Vorspannung zurückdrängen und somit in die benachbarte Ausnehmung im Umfang des Halters springen. Dieses Springen wiederholt sich entsprechend dem Hub der Rückstellbewegung.Depending on the set rotary position, one of the rolling elements is replaced by the Spring means from the holder, d. H. of those on the perimeter of the holder trained receiving recesses moved so that this rolling element practically does not matter when using the tool. The other rolling element is from the associated rolling element stop member by prestressing it while overcoming that of the spring means preload applied directly to the rolling element in the direction Holders pressed so that the rolling element in a recess on Circumference of the holder is located. If the head is in relative to the holder Working direction of rotation is rotated, so the rolling element between the him straight receiving recess and an area of the inner surface pinched the head, so that a twist of the handle and hence the head takes the holder. The head turns in the direction of return rotated, this rolling element can be its associated rolling element stop member push back against its bias and thus jump into the adjacent recess in the circumference of the holder. This Jumping is repeated according to the stroke of the return movement.

Die erfindungsgemäße Ratsche arbeitet praktisch schlupffrei. Sobald der Handgriff in Arbeitsdrehrichtung gedreht wird, dreht sich auch der Halter mit dem eingesteckten Bit.The ratchet according to the invention works practically without slippage. Once the If the handle is turned in the direction of rotation, the handle also turns Holder with the bit inserted.

Der gesamte Knarrenmechanismus ist symmetrisch bzgl. einer Ebene ausgebildet, welche die Längsachse des Handgriffs und die den Kopf durchsetzende Drehachse des Halters schneidet. The entire ratchet mechanism is symmetrical with respect to one plane formed which the longitudinal axis of the handle and which the head penetrating axis of rotation of the holder intersects.

Damit läuft der oben beschriebene Vorgang in entsprechender Weise bei dem anderen Wälzkörper ab, wenn bspw. von Rechtsgang auf Linksgang umgeschaltet wurde. Die Arbeitsrichtung und dementsprechend die Rückstellrichtung dieses Werkzeugs hängt ab von der Drehstellung des Handgriffs bzgl. des den Handgriff aufnehmenden Schafts. Die Drehstellung des Handgriffs legt fest, welcher der beiden Wälzkörper von dem Umfang des im Kopf sitzenden Halters dauernd abgerückt ist, und welcher Wälzkörper durch die relativ große Vorspannung des zugehörigen Wälzkörperanschlagglieds gegen den Umfang des Halters gedrückt wird.The process described above therefore runs in a corresponding manner the other rolling element if, for example, from clockwise to counterclockwise was switched. The working direction and accordingly the The return direction of this tool depends on the rotary position of the Handle with respect to the shaft receiving the handle. The rotary position the handle determines which of the two rolling elements of the circumference of the holder sitting in the head is continuously moved away, and which rolling element due to the relatively large preload of the associated one Rolling element stop member pressed against the circumference of the holder becomes.

Grundsätzlich kommen als Wälzkörper auch Kugeln in Betracht, bevorzugt werden jedoch zylindrische Stifte, wie sie im Prinzip von Nadellagern her bekannt sind. Solche Stifte verleihen dem Knarrenmechanismus erhebliche Stabilität und Lebensdauer. Entsprechend den zylindrischen Stiften sind im Umfang des in den Kopf eingesetzten Halters achsparallele Ausnehmungen gebildet, die teilzylindrische Form haben und somit einen Teil des Umfangs des betreffenden Stifts umgreifen.In principle, balls can also be used as rolling elements, preferably However, cylindrical pins, as they are in principle of needle bearings are known here. Such pins give the ratchet mechanism considerable stability and durability. Corresponding to the cylindrical Pins are within the scope of the holder inserted into the head axially parallel recesses formed, which have a partially cylindrical shape and thus encompass part of the circumference of the pin in question.

Die direkt an den beiden Wälzkörpern angreifenden Federmittel haben die Aufgabe, bei Rechtsgang oder Linksgang den einen Wälzkörper von der Umfangsfläche des Halters abzurücken. Hierzu sieht eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung vor, daß die die Wälzkörper gegen die Wälzkörperanschlagglieder vorspannenden Federmittel als offene Ring-Sperrfeder ausgebildet sind, welche in einer ringförmigen Sperrfeder-Aufnahmenut in einer Halter-Aufnahmeöffnung des Kopfs sitzt, wobei die Enden der offenen Ring-Sperrfeder an den Wälzkörpern anliegen.The spring means that act directly on the two rolling elements the task, in the case of right-hand or left-hand rotation, the one rolling element from move the peripheral surface of the holder. An embodiment provides for this the invention that the rolling elements against the rolling element stop members preloading spring means as an open ring locking spring are formed, which in an annular locking spring receiving groove sits in a holder receiving opening of the head, the Contact the ends of the open ring locking spring with the rolling elements.

Die Enden der Ring-Sperrfeder drücken also die beiden Wälzkörper von dem Halter und dessen Ausnehmungen weg in Richtung auf den Handgriff. Die Lage der Stirnfläche des in dem Schaft sitzenden Einsetzendes des Handgriffs und die Abmessungen der Wälzkörperanschlagglieder sind so gewählt, daß die Federmittel diese Wälzkörperanschlagglieder über die zwischen den Enden der Ring-Sperrfeder und den Wälzkörperanschlaggliedern sitzenden Wälzkörper ein Stück in Richtung Handgriff zurückdrängen, solange nicht einer der Wälzkörper (oder beide Wälzkörper) von ihnen zugeordneten Vorspannmitteln in Richtung des Halters vorgespannt werden, um die seitens der Ring-Sperrfeder auf die Wälzkörper aufgebrachte Vorspannung zu überwinden.The ends of the ring locking spring press the two rolling elements the holder and its recesses away towards the handle. The position of the end face of the insertion end sitting in the shaft of the handle and the dimensions of the rolling element stop members are chosen so that the spring means these rolling element stop members over the between the ends of the ring locking spring and the rolling element stop members seated rolling elements a bit towards the handle push back as long as not one of the rolling elements (or both Rolling elements) assigned by them biasing means in the direction of Holders are biased to the part by the ring locking spring on the Rolling elements to overcome applied preload.

In einer speziellen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Wälzkörperanschlagglieder als zylindrische Zapfen ausgebildet sind, die achsparallel zu dem Schaft und dem Handgriff und mit Abstand parallel zueinander in dem Schaft gelagert sind, und daß die Zapfen auf ihrer den Wälzkörpern zugewandten Stirnseite einen Anlagevorsprung für den Wälzkörper aufweisen. Von diesem Anlagevorsprung und zum Teil von der Stirnfläche des Wälzkörperaufnahmeglieds selbst wird dann der zugehörige Wälzkörper aufgenommen, wobei er von der Ring-Sperrfeder in Richtung des Wälzkörperanschlagglieds vorgespannt wird.In a special embodiment of the invention it is provided that the Rolling element stop members are designed as cylindrical pins which axially parallel to the shaft and the handle and parallel at a distance are stored to each other in the shaft, and that the pin on it the rolling elements facing end face an investment projection for the Have rolling elements. From this investment advantage and in part from the end face of the rolling element receiving member itself is then the associated rolling elements added, being by the ring locking spring is biased towards the rolling element stop member.

Der erfindungsgemäße Knarrenmechanismus ist nun so ausgestaltet, daß das Abrücken der Wälzkörper von dem drehbar in dem Kopf sitzenden Halter nur solange möglich ist, wie nicht seitens eines Wälzkörperanschlagglieds auf den zugehörigen Wälzkörper eine Vorspannung aufgebracht wird, durch die der Wälzkörper zwischen Kopf und Halter gedrängt wird, so daß der Wälzkörper sich in einer Ausnehmung am Umfang des Wälzkörpers befindet.The ratchet mechanism according to the invention is now designed so that the moving of the rolling elements from the one rotatably seated in the head Holder is only possible as long as not on the part of a rolling element stop member a preload is applied to the associated rolling element through which the rolling element is pushed between the head and the holder is so that the rolling element is in a recess on the circumference of the rolling element.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Knarrenmechanismus sind in dem in dem Schaft aufgenommenen Einsetzende des Handgriffs stirnseitig mindestens zwei Federsitze eingelassen, in denen je eine Schraubenfeder sitzt, die eine Kugel axial in Richtung des Kopfs belastet, wobei die Lage der Federsitze, der Schraubenfedern und der Kugeln derart auf die Lage der die Wälzkörperanschlagglieder bildenden Zapfen abgestimmt ist, daß in je einer der beiden Drehstellungen des Handgriffs der eine, mit einer der Kugeln fluchtende Zapfen von der Vorspannung der Schraubenfeder gegen den zugehörigen Wälzkörper gedrückt wird und dabei den Wälzkörper zwischen den Halter und den Kopf drängt, während der andere Zapfen von den Federmitteln gegen die Stirnfläche des Einsetzendes des Handgriffs zurückgedrängt wird.In the ratchet mechanism according to the invention are in the At least one end of the handle on the end of the handle recessed two spring seats, in each of which sits a coil spring, the a ball axially loaded towards the head, the location of the Spring seats, the coil springs and the balls so on the location of the the rolling element stop members forming pin is matched that in one of the two rotary positions of the handle, one with one of the Balls aligned pins from the bias of the coil spring is pressed against the associated rolling element and thereby the rolling element between the holder and the head while the other is pushing Pin of the spring means against the end face of the insertion end of the Handle is pushed back.

Der zuletzt erwähnte, zurückgedrängte Wälzkörper spielt dann bei der Bewegung der Knarre in die Arbeitsdrehrichtung oder in die Rückstelldrehrichtung praktisch keine Rolle. Der andere Wälzkörper jedoch, der durch das vorgespannte Wälzkörperanschlagglied zwischen Kopf und Halter gedrängt wird, verriegelt diese beiden Teile (Halter und Kopf) miteinander, wenn der Kopf in Arbeitsdrehrichtung gedreht wird. Wird der Kopf in Rückstelldrehrichtung gedreht, so wird der Wälzkörper (Stift) von der Wandung der ihn gerade aufnehmenden Ausnehmung im Umfang des Halters gegen die auf das Wälzkörperanschlagglied wirkende Vorspannung bewegt, so daß der Wälzkörper in eine benachbarte Ausnehmung am Umfang des Halters springt.The last mentioned, pushed back rolling element then plays with the Movement of the ratchet in the working direction or in the return direction practically no role. The other rolling element, however by the preloaded rolling element stop member between the head and Holder is pushed, locks these two parts (holder and head) with each other when the head is turned in the working direction. Becomes the head is turned in the reset direction of rotation, so the rolling element (Pin) from the wall of the recess in it Circumference of the holder against that acting on the rolling element stop member Preload moves so that the rolling element in an adjacent Recess on the circumference of the holder jumps.

Mit dem oben beschriebenen Mechanismus ist ein Umschalten zwischen Rechtsgang und Linksgang möglich.With the mechanism described above, switching between Right-hand and left-hand movement possible.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist aber auch noch eine Sperr- oder Verriegelungsstellung vorgesehen. Hierzu sieht die Erfindung vor, daß in dem Einsetzende des Handgriffs zusätzliche Federsitze mit je zugehörigen Schraubenfedern und Kugeln vorgesehen sind und daß in einer dritten Drehstellung zwischen Handgriff und Schaft die beiden von den Schraubenfedern vorgespannten Zapfen (Wälzkörperanschlagglieder) die beiden Wälzkörper zwischen Halter und Kopf drängen, um diese beiden Teile drehfest miteinander zu verriegeln.However, in a preferred embodiment of the invention a locking or locking position is provided. For this, the Invention before that additional spring seats in the insertion end of the handle are provided with associated coil springs and balls and that in a third rotational position between the handle and shaft two pins pretensioned by the coil springs (rolling element stop members) the two rolling elements between the holder and the head push to lock these two parts together in a rotationally fixed manner.

Die erfindungsgemäße Knarre zeichnet sich durch einen kompakten Aufbau aus und besteht aus wenigen Einzelteilen. Die Teile der Knarre lassen sich relativ schnell und einfach zu einem einsatzfähigen Werkzeug zusammenbauen.The ratchet according to the invention is characterized by a compact Structure and consists of a few individual parts. The parts of the ratchet can be made into an operational tool relatively quickly and easily Assemble.

Im folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Knarre in Verbindung mit einem Bit und einer Kopfschraube, die mit der Knarre angezogen oder gelöst werden kann;
Figur 2
eine Teil-Längsschnittansicht entsprechend einer vertikalen Schnittebene durch den links in Figur 1 dargestellten Bereich der Knarre;
Figur 3
eine Teil-Schnittansicht entsprechend einer horizontalen Schnittebene in der in Figur 1 gezeigten Knarre;
Figur 4a
die Bauteile der in Figur gezeigten Knarre in auseinandergenommenem Zustand;
Figur 4b
eine Draufsicht auf die Stirnfläche des in Figur 4 in der Mitte unten gezeigten Einsetzendes des Handgriffs der Knarre nach Figur 1;
Figur 4c
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines als Zapfen mit einem Vorsprung ausgebildeten Wälzkörperanschlagglieds;
Figur 5
eine Teil-Schnittdarstellung ähnlich wie Figur 3, wobei der Knarrenmechanismus so eingestellt ist, daß die Arbeitsdrehrichtung der Drehung des Werkzeugs entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn entspricht;
Figur 6
eine ähnliche Darstellung wie Figur 3, wobei der Sperrzustand der Knarre dargestellt ist; und
Figur 7
eine ähnliche Darstellung wie Figur 5, wobei der Knarrenmechanismus jedoch für eine Arbeitsdrehrichtung im Uhrzeigersinn eingestellt ist.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Figure 1
a perspective view of a ratchet in connection with a bit and a cap screw that can be tightened or loosened with the ratchet;
Figure 2
a partial longitudinal sectional view corresponding to a vertical sectional plane through the area of the ratchet shown on the left in Figure 1;
Figure 3
a partial sectional view corresponding to a horizontal sectional plane in the ratchet shown in Figure 1;
Figure 4a
the components of the ratchet shown in the figure in a disassembled state;
Figure 4b
a plan view of the end face of the insertion end of the handle of the ratchet of Figure 1 shown in the lower center in Figure 4;
Figure 4c
a perspective view of a formed as a pin with a projection rolling element stop member;
Figure 5
a partial sectional view similar to Figure 3, wherein the ratchet mechanism is set so that the working direction of rotation corresponds to the rotation of the tool counterclockwise;
Figure 6
a representation similar to Figure 3, wherein the locked state of the ratchet is shown; and
Figure 7
a representation similar to Figure 5, but the ratchet mechanism is set for a clockwise rotation.

Figur 1 zeigt perspektivisch eine Knarre 2 mit einem Kopf 4, in dem ein Bit 6 in Form eines Sechskantzapfens gelagert ist. Die Drehachse der Knarre entspricht der durch den Kopf 4 und das Bit 6 gehenden Achse. Das Bit 6 wird in eine Innensechskant-Kopfschraube 10 eingesetzt, so daß die Kopfschraube 10 durch Anziehen eines Handgriffs 8 der Knarre 2 festgezogen werden kann. Das "Anziehen" soll hier bedeuten, daß der Handgriff 8 im wesentlichen aus der Zeichnungsebene herausgezogen wird. Diese Betätigungsbewegung der Knarre 2 soll im folgenden auch als Arbeitsdrehrichtung bezeichnet werden. Die entgegengesetzte Bewegung des Handgriffs 8, also die Bewegung etwa in die Zeichnungsebene hinein, ist eine Bewegung in Rückstelldrehrichtung der Knarre, bei der die Kopfschraube 10 stehen bleibt und sich lediglich der Handgriff 8 zusammen mit dem Kopf 4 bewegt, während ein im folgenden noch näher erläuterter, in dem Kopf 4 sitzender Halter 50 für das Bit 6 in der Kopfschraube 10 stehen bleibt.Figure 1 shows in perspective a ratchet 2 with a head 4, in which a Bit 6 is stored in the form of a hexagon pin. The axis of rotation of the Ratchet corresponds to the axis passing through head 4 and bit 6. Bit 6 is inserted into an Allen screw 10, see above that the cap screw 10 by tightening a handle 8 of the ratchet 2 can be tightened. The "getting dressed" here means that the Handle 8 essentially pulled out of the plane of the drawing becomes. This actuating movement of the ratchet 2 is also in the following are referred to as the working direction. The opposite movement the handle 8, that is, the movement approximately in the drawing plane is a movement in the direction of rotation of the ratchet in which the head screw 10 stops and only the handle 8 moved together with the head 4 while one is still below explained in more detail, in the head 4 seated holder 50 for the bit 6 in the Head screw 10 stops.

Bevor auf die Einzelheiten der in Figur 1 schematisch dargestellten Knarre näher eingegangen wird, soll die Betätigungsweise der Knarre 2 zum Umschalten zwischen Rechtsgang und Linksgang bzw. zum Einstellen einer Sperr- oder Verriegelungsstellung erläutert werden.Before going to the details of that shown schematically in Figure 1 Ratchet is discussed in more detail, the operation of the ratchet 2 for switching between clockwise and counter-clockwise or for setting a locking or locking position are explained.

Der Handgriff 8 sitzt mit einem Einsetzende 81 in einem einstückig mit dem Kopf 4 ausgebildeten hohlen Schaft 42. Über einen Teil des Umfangs des Schafts 42 erstreckt sich ein die Wand des Schafts 2 durchsetzendes Fenster 44, in dessen dem Handgriff 8 zugewandtem Rand drei voneinander beabstandete Vertiefungen (vgl. Post 49 in Figur 5 rechts unten) ausgebildet sind. Von einem weiter unten noch beschriebenen Mechanismus wird der in dem Schaft 42 aufgenommene Handgriff 8 zu dessen Ende hin vorgespannt, so daß ein von dem Einsetzende 81 des Handgriffs 8 radial nach außen vorstehender Vorsprung 82 in das Fenster 44 ragt und aufgrund der erwähnten Vorspannung des Handgriffs 8 zu dessen Ende hin bei entsprechender Drehstellung in eine der drei Vertiefungen (49 in Figur 5) eingreift. The handle 8 sits with an insertion end 81 in one piece the head 4 formed hollow shaft 42. Over a part of the circumference of the shaft 42 extends through the wall of the shaft 2 Window 44, in the edge facing the handle 8 three wells spaced apart (see Post 49 in Figure 5 bottom right) are trained. From one described below The mechanism is the handle 8 accommodated in the shaft 42 biased towards the end thereof so that one of the insertion ends 81 of the Handle 8 radially outwardly projecting projection 82 in the window 44 protrudes and due to the aforementioned bias of the handle 8 towards the end of one of the three with the appropriate rotary position Wells (49 in Figure 5) engages.

Wie in Figur 1 und rechts unten in Figur 5 zu sehen ist, sind die insgesamt drei Raststellungen mit "L", "S" bzw. "R" bezeichnet, was Linksgang, Sperrstellung bzw. Rechtsgang bedeutet. In Figur ist die Knarre auf die Sperrstellung "S" eingestellt. In dieser Stellung besteht eine immer drehfeste Verbindung zwischen dem Bit 6 und dem Kopf 4 bzw. dem Handgriff 8.As can be seen in FIG. 1 and at the bottom right in FIG. 5, these are total three rest positions with "L", "S" or "R", what Left-hand movement, blocked position or right-hand movement means In figure it is Ratchet set to the locked position "S". In this position there is an always non-rotatable connection between bit 6 and head 4 or the handle 8.

Die oben angesprochene Kopplung zwischen dem Schaft 42 und dem Handgriff 8 ist im rechten Teil der Figur 2 und in Figur 3 näher dargestellt.The above-mentioned coupling between the shaft 42 and the Handle 8 is shown in the right part of Figure 2 and in Figure 3.

Das zylindrisch ausgeformte Einsetzende 81 des Handgriffs wird von einer Aufnahmebohrung 83 radial durchsetzt. Die Aufnahmebohrung 83 besitzt zumindest in dem unten in Figur 2 gezeigten Bereich ein Innengewinde. Zum Einsetzen des Einsetzendes 81 in den Schaft 42 werden zunächst ein Zapfen 84 mit an dessen Stirnseite ausgeformtem Vorsprung 82 und eine Madenschraube 86 in die Aufnahmebohrung 83 eingesetzt. Die Madenschraube 86 ist nur soweit eingeschraubt, daß der Vorsprung 82 vollständig im Bereich der Aufnahmebohrung 83 enthalten ist. Dann wird das Einsetzende 81 des Handgriffs 8 in die Öffnung des Schafts 42 eingeschoben, und durch ein Loch 48 in der Wand des Schafts 42 wird die Madenschraube 46 soweit angezogen, bis der Vorsprung 82 in das Fenster 44 hineinragt, welches in der dem Loch 48 gegenüberliegenden Wand des Schafts 42 ausgebildet ist. Da die Öffnung in dem Schaft 42 ebenso wie das Einsetzende 81 des Handgriffs 8 zylindrisch ausgebildet sind, läßt sich der Handgriff um dessen Längsachse in dem Schaft 42 in begrenztem Maß verdrehen, wobei das Ausmaß der Verdrehung von der Umfangslänge des Fensters 44 abhängt.The cylindrical shaped insertion end 81 of the handle is from radially penetrates a receiving bore 83. The location hole 83 has an internal thread at least in the area shown below in FIG. 2. To insert the insertion end 81 into the shaft 42 first a pin 84 with a projection formed on its end face 82 and a grub screw 86 in the receiving bore 83 used. The grub screw 86 is screwed in only so far that the Projection 82 completely contained in the region of the receiving bore 83 is. Then the insertion end 81 of the handle 8 into the opening of the Shaft 42 inserted, and through a hole 48 in the wall of the Shank 42, the grub screw 46 is tightened until the projection 82 protrudes into the window 44, which in the hole 48th opposite wall of the shaft 42 is formed. Because the opening in the shaft 42 as well as the insertion end 81 of the handle 8 are cylindrical, the handle can be about its longitudinal axis twist in shaft 42 to a limited extent, the extent the twist depends on the circumferential length of the window 44.

Der Handgriff 8 mit seinem Einsetzende 81 wird von weiter unten noch näher beschriebenen Federn (die in Figur 2 zu sehen sind) in Figur 2 nach rechts, also zum Ende des Handgriffs 8 hin vorgespannt. Hierdurch gelangt der Vorsprung 82 in Anlage mit dem vom Kopf 4 abgewandten Rand des Fensters 44, um bei entsprechender relativer Drehstellung zwischen Handgriff 8 und Schaft 42 in eine der drei Vertiefungen 49 einzugreifen und so eine von den drei definierten Drehstellungen des Handgriffs 8 in bezug auf den Schaft 42 einzunehmen.The handle 8 with its insertion end 81 is still from below Springs described in more detail (which can be seen in FIG. 2) in FIG. 2 biased to the right, ie towards the end of the handle 8. hereby the projection 82 comes into contact with the one facing away from the head 4 Edge of the window 44, with a corresponding relative rotational position between handle 8 and shaft 42 in one of the three depressions 49 intervene and so one of the three defined rotary positions of the To take handle 8 with respect to the shaft 42.

Figur 4a zeigt die einzelnen Bauteile der in Figur 1 insgesamt dargestellten Knarre 2. Rechts in Figur 4a ist der Handgriff 8 mit seinem Einsetzende 81 dargestellt. In der Stirnfläche des Einsetzendes 81 ist ein Satz von insgesamt vier Federsitzen 85a, 85b, 85c und 85d ausgebildet. Die Federsitze sind jeweils als Sackbohrung ausgeführt und sind in der in Figur 4b dargestellten Weise um die Mittellängsachse des Handgriffs 8 bzw. dessen Eingriffsendes 81 mit gleichem Abstand angeordnet.Figure 4a shows the individual components of the total shown in Figure 1 Ratchet 2. On the right in Figure 4a is the handle 8 with its insertion end 81 shown. In the end face of the insertion end 81 is a Set of four spring seats 85a, 85b, 85c and 85d formed. The spring seats are each designed as blind holes and are in the shown in Figure 4b about the central longitudinal axis of the handle 8 or its engaging end 81 arranged at the same distance.

In jedem Federsitz 85a-85d ist eine Schraubenfeder 87 aufgenommen, zu der jeweils eine kleine Kugel 88 gehört. Wie in Figur 2 zu sehen ist, drücken die Schraubenfedern 87 die zugehörigen kleinen Kugeln 88 gegen die Bodenfläche der Ausnehmung des Schafts 42, um dadurch das Einsetzende 81 und mit diesem den Handgriff 8 nach rechts in Figur 2 vorzuspannen.A coil spring 87 is received in each spring seat 85a-85d which each owns a small ball 88. As can be seen in Figure 2, the coil springs 87 press the associated small balls 88 against the bottom surface of the recess of the shaft 42 to thereby Insert 81 and with this the handle 8 to the right in FIG. 2 pretension.

Links in Figur 4a ist der Kopf 4 dargestellt, der eine kreisrunde Aufnahmeöffnung 45 besitzt. In der Mitte der Höhe der Aufnahmeöffnung 45 ist eine Sperrfeder-Aufnahmenut 46 zur Aufnahme einer als Ringfeder ausgebildeten Sperrfeder 43 ausgebildet. Am oberen Ende der Aufnahmeöffnung 45 befindet sich eine weitere, hier nicht mit Bezugszeichen versehene Nut zur Aufnahme einer ebenfalls als Stahl-Ringfeder ausgebildeten Haltefeder 47, mit deren Hilfe der Halter 50 in der Aufnahmeöffnung 45 des Kopfs 4 gesichert wird.The head 4 is shown on the left in FIG. 4a, which has a circular receiving opening 45 owns. In the middle of the height of the receiving opening 45 is a locking spring receiving groove 46 for receiving a ring spring trained locking spring 43 formed. At the top of the There is another receiving opening 45, not here with reference numerals provided groove to accommodate a steel ring spring trained retaining spring 47, with the help of the holder 50 in the receiving opening 45 of the head 4 is secured.

Wie links oben in Figur 4a dargestellt ist, sind auf der Umfangsfläche des Halters 50 achsparallel und in gleichmäßigen Abständen mehrere teilzylindrische Ausnehmungen 53 ausgebildet, deren Funktion weiter unten noch erläutert wird. As shown at the top left in Figure 4a, are on the peripheral surface of the holder 50 axially parallel and several at equal intervals partially cylindrical recesses 53 formed, their function continues will be explained below.

Der Halter 50 wird mittig von einer Öffnung durchsetzt, in der mit einer zweiten Haltefeder 52 ein Auswerferknopf 51 aufgenommen ist.The holder 50 is penetrated in the middle by an opening in which a second retaining spring 52 an ejector button 51 is received.

Wie links in Figur 2 dargestellt ist, nimmt der Halter 50 das Bit 6 auf, wobei das Bit 6 eine Umfangsnut aufweist und sich zwischen dieser Umfangsnut und einer Ringnut im Inneren der mittigen Öffnung des Halters 50 eine weitere Haltefeder 52 befindet.As shown on the left in FIG. 2, the holder 50 receives bit 6, wherein the bit 6 has a circumferential groove and between them Circumferential groove and an annular groove inside the central opening of the Holder 50 is a further retaining spring 52.

Wenn gemäß Figur 2 in Richtung des Pfeils eine Druckkraft entlang der Drehachse A auf den Auswerferknopf 51 ausgeübt wird (dies geschieht am zweckmäßigsten mit Hilfe des Daumens), drückt die Unterseite des Auswerferknopfs auf die obere Stirnfläche des Bits 6, so daß sich das Bit aus der Mittelöffnung des Halters 5 löst. Man kann also verschiedene Bits 6 in dem Halter 50 anordnen. Die zweite Haltefeder 52 sitzt in einer Außenumfangsnut des Auswerferknopfs 51 und ist in einer axial relativ groß bemessenen Umfangsnut der Mittelöffnung des Halters 50 ein Stück axial verschieblich.If according to Figure 2 in the direction of the arrow a compressive force along the Axis of rotation A is exerted on the ejector button 51 (this happens most conveniently using the thumb), presses the bottom of the Ejector button on the upper end face of bit 6, so that the Bit from the central opening of the holder 5 releases. So you can do different Place bits 6 in holder 50. The second retaining spring 52 sits in an outer peripheral groove of the ejector button 51 and is in an axial relatively large circumferential groove of the central opening of the holder 50 axially displaceable.

Nach dem Auswerfen des Bits 6 wird der Auswerferknopf durch ein anderes, in den Halter 50 eingestecktes Bit wieder in die in Figur 2 dargestellte obere Stellung gedrückt.After ejecting bit 6, the ejector button is turned on another bit inserted into the holder 50 again into the one in FIG. 2 shown upper position pressed.

Im folgenden wird der Knarrenmechanismus der erfindungsgemäßen Knarre 2 näher beschrieben.The following is the ratchet mechanism of the invention Ratchet 2 described in more detail.

Links unten in Figur 4a sind Bauelemente des Knarrenmechanismus separat dargestellt. Man erkennt zwei Wälzkörper 93 und 94, die jeweils als zylindrische Stifte ausgebildet sind. Zu je einem der Wälzkörper 93 und 94 gehört ein Wälzkörperanschlagglied 92 bzw. 91.At the bottom left in FIG. 4a are components of the ratchet mechanism shown separately. One recognizes two rolling elements 93 and 94, each are designed as cylindrical pins. To each of the rolling elements 93 and 94 includes a roller stop member 92 and 91, respectively.

Figur 4c zeigt in perspektivischer Ansicht die Gestalt des Wälzkörperanschlagglieds 91. Das Wälzkörperanschlagglied 92 ist genauso ausgebildet. Das Wälzkörperanschlagglied 91 bzw. 92 hat die Form eines zylindrischen Zapfens mit einer planen Stirnfläche, die in Figur 4c verdeckt ist. Am anderen Ende des Zapfens befindet sich eine Teil-Stirnfläche 91a, an der ein Vorsprung 91x ersteht, der eine Anschlagfläche 91c und eine schmale Stirnfläche 91b aufweist. Die beiden Flächenabschnitte 91a und 91c bilden einen Aufnahme- oder Anschlagbereich für den diesem Wälzkörperanschlagglied 91 zugeordneten Wälzkörper 94.Figure 4c shows a perspective view of the shape of the rolling element stop member 91. The rolling element stop member 92 is designed in the same way. The rolling element stop member 91 or 92 has the shape of a cylindrical pin with a flat end face, which in Figure 4c is covered. At the other end of the pin there is a partial end face 91a, on which a projection 91x arises, the stop surface 91c and a narrow end face 91b. The two Surface sections 91a and 91c form a receiving or stop area for the rolling element associated with this rolling element stop member 91 94th

Figur 3 zeigt einen Horizontalschnitt durch die in Figur 1 gezeigte Knarre. Man sieht deutlich, daß der Schaft 42 einstückig mit dem ringkörperähnlich ausgebildeten Kopf 4 ausgebildet ist. Im Zwischenbereich zwischen der Aufnahmeöffnung des Schafts 42 und dem Kopf 4 befinden sich zwei als zylindrische Bohrungen ausgebildete Lager zur Aufnahme jeweils eines als Zapfen ausgebildeten Wälzkörperanschlagglieds 91 bzw. 92. Senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene der Figur 3 verläuft eine Symmetrieebene, welche die Mittellängsachse des Handgriffs 8 und die gemeinsame Drehachse A des Halters 50 und des Kopfs 40 beinhaltet. Der gesamte Knarrenmechanismus ist symmetrisch bzgl. dieser Symmetrieebene aufgebaut.Figure 3 shows a horizontal section through that shown in Figure 1 Gun. It can clearly be seen that the shaft 42 is made in one piece with the ring body trained head 4 is formed. In the intermediate area are located between the receiving opening of the shaft 42 and the head 4 two bearings designed as cylindrical bores for receiving each of a rolling element stop member 91 or 92. A plane of symmetry runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 3, which is the central longitudinal axis of the handle 8 and the common Includes axis of rotation A of the holder 50 and the head 40. The entire ratchet mechanism is symmetrical with respect to this plane of symmetry built up.

Wie in Figur 3 zu erkennen ist, sitzen die beiden als Stifte ausgebildeten Wälzkörper 93 und 94 in jeweils einer Ausnehmung 53 am Außenumfang des Halters 50, wobei an ihrer Außenfläche jeweils ein Ende der Ring-Sperrfeder 43 anliegt. Gemäß Figur 3 und Figur 1 ist der Handgriff 8 in bezug auf den Schaft 42 so eingestellt, daß diese Drehstellung die Sperrstellung "S" für die Knarre definiert. In dieser Sperrstellung "S" liegen gemäß Figur 3 die beiden Wälzkörperanschlagglieder 91 und 92 den beiden Kugeln 88 gegenüber, die zu den Schraubenfedern 87 in den Federsitzen 85a bzw. 85d gehören. Die von den Federn 87 auf die Kugeln 88 aufgebrachte Vorspannung überwindet die seitens der Ring-Sperrfeder 43 auf die Wälzkörper 93 und 94 aufgebrachte Spannung, so daß diese beiden Wälzkörper 93 und 94 in Richtung des Halters 50 gedrückt werden und dabei von zwei der teilzylindrischen Ausnehmungen 53 aufgenommen werden. As can be seen in Figure 3, the two are designed as pins Rolling elements 93 and 94 each in a recess 53 on the outer circumference of the holder 50, with one end of the Ring locking spring 43 abuts. According to Figure 3 and Figure 1 is the handle 8 adjusted with respect to the shaft 42 so that this rotational position the locking position "S" for the ratchet is defined. In this locked position 3, the two rolling element stop members 91 and 92 opposite the two balls 88, which to the coil springs 87 in belong to the spring seats 85a and 85d. The springs 87 on the Balls 88 applied bias overcomes the ring locking spring 43 applied to the rolling elements 93 and 94 tension, see above that these two rolling elements 93 and 94 in the direction of the holder 50th be pressed and thereby by two of the partially cylindrical recesses 53 are included.

Wenn man annimmt, daß der Handgriff 8 in Figur 3 im Uhrzeigersinn um die Drehachse A verschwenkt wird, kommt das Wälzkörperanschlagglied 91 mit seiner Teil-Stirnfläche und der schrägen Fläche (91c in Figur 4c) zur Anlage am Außenumfang des als Stift ausgebildeten Wälzkörpers 94, so daß dieser Wälzkörper 94 zwischen der ihn aufnehmenden Ausnehmung 53 und der dieser Ausnehmung gegenüberliegenden Wand des Kopfs 4 eingeklemmt wird. Hierdurch wird eine Relativdrehung zwischen Kopf 4 und Halter 50 verhindert, so daß der Halter 50 und der daran gekoppelte Werkzeugeinsatz oder -ansatz zusammen mit dem Kopf 4 gedreht werden.Assuming that the handle 8 in Figure 3 is clockwise is pivoted about the axis of rotation A, the rolling element stop member comes 91 with its partial end face and the inclined surface (91c in Figure 4c) for contact with the outer circumference of the designed as a pin Rolling element 94, so that this rolling element 94 between the receiving it Recess 53 and the opposite of this recess Wall of the head 4 is pinched. This will create a Relative rotation between head 4 and holder 50 prevented, so that Holder 50 and the tool insert or attachment coupled thereto be turned with the head 4.

Wird die Knarre gemäß Figur 3 im Gegenuhrzeigersinn gedreht, so tritt die gleiche Wirkung ein, wie sie oben beschrieben wurde, jedoch in diesem Fall auf der rechten Seite der Figur 3, so daß auch bei einer solchen Bewegung des Handgriffs 8 im Gegenuhrzeigersinn der Halter 50 zusammen mit dem Kopf 4 gedreht wird.If the ratchet according to FIG. 3 is turned counterclockwise, it will kick the same effect as described above, however in this case on the right side of Figure 3, so that even with a such movement of the handle 8 in the counterclockwise direction of the holder 50 is rotated together with the head 4.

Der oben beschriebene Vorgang ist in Figur 6 in Verbindung mit der schematischen Darstellung der Federsitze in der Stirnfläche des Einsetzendes 81 des Handgriffs 8 dargestellt. Außerdem ist noch das Fenster 44 dargestellt, woraus ersichtlich ist, daß die Drehstellung des Handgriffs relativ zu dem Schaft 42 der Sperrstellung S entspricht. In dieser Sperrstellung liegen die beiden Federsitze 85a und 85d (in Figur 6 schraffiert hervorgehoben) den beiden Wälzkörperanschlaggliedern 91 bzw. 92 fluchtend gegenüber.The process described above is in Figure 6 in connection with the schematic representation of the spring seats in the end face of the insertion end 81 of the handle 8 shown. There is also the window 44, from which it can be seen that the rotational position of the Handle relative to the shaft 42 corresponds to the blocking position S. In the two spring seats 85a and 85d (in FIG. 6 hatched) the two rolling element stop members 91 or 92 in alignment with each other.

Um das Werkzeug z.B. zum Lösen einer Schraube zu benutzen, soll die Arbeitsdrehrichtung der in Figur 5 dargestellten Pfeilrichtung entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn entsprechen. Hierzu wird der Handgriff 8 gegenüber dem Schaft 42 so verdreht, daß die Drehstellung dem Linksgang "L" entspricht. In dieser Relativ-Drehstellung zwischen Handgriff 8 und dem Schaft 42 liegt, wie in Figur 5 schematisch durch Schraffierung angedeutet, der Federsitz 85b dem Wälzkörperanschlagglied 91 fluchtend gegenüber. Die in diesem Federsitz 85b sitzende Schraubenfeder drückt die zugehörige Kugel gegen die untere Stirnseite des Wälzkörperanschlagglieds 91, so daß das Wälzkörperanschlagglied 91 den zugehörigen Wälzkörper 94 in Richtung auf den Halter 50 drückt. Wird also der Handgriff 8 mit dem Kopf 4 in Pfeilrichtung entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn gedreht, so wird der Halter 50 aufgrund des zwischen dem Halter 50 und dem Kopf 4 eingeklemmten Wälzkörpers 94 mitgenommen.Around the tool e.g. to loosen a screw, the Working direction of rotation opposite to the arrow direction shown in Figure 5 correspond clockwise. For this purpose, the handle 8 is opposite the shaft 42 rotated so that the rotational position of the left gear "L" equivalent. In this relative rotational position between the handle 8 and the Shaft 42 lies, as schematically indicated by hatching in FIG. 5, the spring seat 85b is aligned with the rolling element stop member 91 across from. The coil spring seated in this spring seat 85b presses the associated ball against the lower end face of the rolling element stop member 91, so that the rolling element stop member 91 the associated Rolling element 94 presses in the direction of the holder 50. So will that Handle 8 with the head 4 in the direction of the arrow counterclockwise rotated, the holder 50 is due to the between the holder 50th and the head 4 pinched rolling element 94.

Das andere Wälzkörperanschlagglied 92 wird von dem zugehörigen Ende der Ring-Sperrfeder 43 in Richtung des Handgriffs 8 vorgespannt, und mangels einer entsprechenden Gegenkraft (durch eine der Schraubenfedern in einem der Federsitze 85a-85d liegt die untere Stirnfläche des Wälzkörperanschlagglieds 92 an der Stirnfläche des Einsetzendes 81 des Handgriffs 8 an. Die Lage der Stirnfläche des Einsetzendes 81 und die Abmessungen des Wälzkörperanschlagglieds 92 und des dazugehörigen Wälzkörpers 93 sind so gewählt, daß der Wälzkörper 93 vollständig von dem Halter 50 und den an dessen Umfang befindlichen Ausnehmungen 53 abgerückt ist. Wenn der Handgriff 8 mit dem Kopf 4 entgegen der Pfeilrichtung in Figur 5 im Uhrzeigersinn gedreht wird, spielt der rechts dargestellte Wälzkörper 93 keine Rolle, während der links dargestellte Wälzkörper 94 in die rechts benachbarte Ausnehmung 53 des Halters 50 springen kann, wobei während dieses Sprungs das Wälzkörperanschlagglied 91 kurzfristig entgegen der von der Feder 87 aufgebrachten Vorspannung zurückgedrängt wird. Bei einem entsprechenden Drehhub erfolgt eine entsprechende Anzahl von Sprüngen des Wälzkörpers 94 von einer Ausnehmung 53 in die jeweils benachbarte Ausnehmung 53.The other rolling element stop member 92 is from the associated end the ring locking spring 43 biased towards the handle 8, and in the absence of a corresponding counterforce (by one of the coil springs in one of the spring seats 85a-85d is the lower end face of the Rolling element stop member 92 on the end face of the insertion end 81 of the Handle 8 on. The location of the end face of the insertion end 81 and the Dimensions of the rolling element stop member 92 and the associated Rolling element 93 are selected so that the rolling element 93 is completely of the Holder 50 and the recesses 53 located on its circumference moved away is. If the handle 8 with the head 4 against the direction of the arrow rotated clockwise in Figure 5, it plays on the right Rolling element 93 shown does not matter, while the one shown on the left Rolling elements 94 into the recess 53 of the holder 50, which is adjacent to the right can jump, the rolling element stop member during this jump 91 for a short time contrary to that applied by the spring 87 Bias is pushed back. With a corresponding rotary stroke there is a corresponding number of jumps of the rolling element 94 from a recess 53 in the respective adjacent recess 53.

Figur 7 zeigt bzgl. Figur 5 den umgekehrten Vorgang. In diesem Fall liegt das Wälzkörperanschlagglied 92 fluchtend dem Federsitz 85c im Einsetzende des Handgriffs gegenüber, so daß der zu diesem Wälzkörperanschlagglied 92 gehörige Wälzkörper 93 in Richtung auf den Halter 50 gedrängt wird. Wird der Kopf 4 in Pfeilrichtung gedreht, nimmt diese Drehbewegung aufgrund des Einklemmens des Wälzkörpers 93 zwischen Kopf 4 und Halter 50 den Halter 50 mit. Eine Drehung entgegen der Pfeilrichtung in Figur 7, also entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn, bewirkt einen Rückstellhub (Knarreneffekt), wobei der Halter 50 mit seinem Werkzeugeinsatz und der damit in Eingriff stehenden Schraube oder Mutter stehen bleibt.FIG. 7 shows the reverse process with respect to FIG. 5. In this case is the rolling element stop member 92 in alignment with the spring seat 85c Insert end of the handle opposite, so that the rolling element stop member 92 associated rolling elements 93 in the direction of the holder 50 is pushed. If the head 4 is turned in the direction of the arrow, take this rotary movement due to the pinching of the rolling element 93 between head 4 and holder 50 with the holder 50. A counter turn the direction of the arrow in FIG. 7, ie counterclockwise, causes a reset stroke (creak effect), the holder 50 with its tool insert and the screw engaged with it or mother stops.

Die oben beschriebene Ausführungsform ist bevorzugt, allerdings sind Abwandlungen möglich. In einer weniger günstigen Ausführungsform kann die Sperrstellung der Knarre entfallen, so daß lediglich eine Umschaltung zwischen Linkslauf und Rechtslauf möglich ist. Hierzu brauchten dann in der Stirnfläche des Einsetzendes 81 des Handgriffs 8 nur zwei Federsitze (bei entsprechender Anzahl von Schraubenfedern und kleinen Kugeln) vorhanden zu sein. Die Betriebsweise gemäß Figur 6 würde dann entfallen.The embodiment described above is preferred, however Modifications possible. In a less favorable embodiment the locked position of the ratchet can be omitted, so that only one switchover between counterclockwise and clockwise rotation is possible. Needed for this then only in the end face of the insertion end 81 of the handle 8 two spring seats (with a corresponding number of coil springs and small balls) to be present. The mode of operation according to FIG. 6 would then be dropped.

Claims (6)

  1. A ratchet comprising a handle (8), a head (4) having a holder (50) inserted therein for receipt e.g. of a tool bit (6), and a ratchet mechanism (43, 53, 85, 87, 88, 91 to 94) blocking relative rotation of said holder (50) with respect to said head (4) in an operational direction of rotation while permitting such relative rotation in an opposite, resetting direction of rotation, in which it is possible to selectively adjust which one of the two possible directions of rotations (L, R) is the operational direction of rotation and which one the resetting direction of rotation;
    said head (4) having a shaft (42) in which an insertion end (81) of said handle (8) is inserted;
    a plurality of recesses (53) being arranged around the outer circumference of said holder (50), each thereof being designed to have partially immersed therein one of a pair of roller bodies (93, 94) each; characterized in that:
    a) a locking mechanism (82, 44, 49) renders possible at least two rotational positions of said handle (8) relative to said shaft (42) that are defined by locking engagement;
    b) that the ratchet mechanism further comprises the following features:
    b1) the roller bodies (93, 94) are adapted to be selectively biased, on the one hand, by one roller body stop member (91, 92) each that is supported in said shaft (42) and biased in the direction of said holder (50), into recesses (53) of said holder (50) located opposite said roller body stop members (91, 92) each,
    b2) and, on the other hand, are biased by spring means (43) against said roller body stop members (91, 92); and
    b3) in each of said two defined rotational positions (L, R) between handle (8) and shaft (42), one roller body stop member (91, 92) each is released from said bias such that the associated roller body (94, 93) is shifted away from the holder (50), due to the bias of said spring means (43), to such an extent that this roller body (94, 93) is no longer immersed in said recesses (53), whereas the other roller body stop member (92, 91) urges the associated roller body (93, 94) against said holder (50), and in case of relative rotation between head (4) and holder (50) in said resetting direction of rotation, permits this roller body (93, 94) to jump from one recess (53) into an adjacent recess (53), whereas in case of relative rotation between head (4) and holder (50) in said operational direction of rotation, this roller body (93, 94) locks said head (4) with said holder (50).
  2. A ratchet according to claim 1,
    wherein said roller bodies (93, 94) are in the form of cylindrical pins and said recesses (53) in the outer circumference of the holder (50) inserted in said head (59) have part-cylindrical surfaces.
  3. A ratchet according to claim 1 or 2,
    wherein said spring means (43) biasing said roller bodies (93, 94) against said roller body stop members (91, 92) are in the form of an open-ring locking spring (43) seated in an annular locking spring receiving groove (46) in a holder receiving opening (45) of the head (4), with the ends of the open-ring locking spring (43) abutting said roller bodies (93, 94).
  4. A ratchet according to any of claims 1 to 3,
    wherein said roller body stop members (91, 92) are in the form of cylindrical pegs supported axis-parallel to said shaft (42) and said handle (8) and in spaced apart, parallel manner in said shaft (42), and
    wherein said pegs, on the end face thereof facing said roller bodies (93, 94), each have an abutment projection (91x) for the associated roller body (93, 94).
  5. A ratchet according to claim 4,
    wherein the insertion end (81) of said handle (8), which is received in said shaft (42), has at least two spring seats (85b, 85c) formed therein in its end face, having one coil spring (87) each arranged therein which axially biases a ball (88) in the direction of said head (4), and wherein the positions of said spring seats (85b, 85c), coil springs (87) and balls (88) is matched to the positions of the pegs constituting said roller body stop members (91, 92), such that in each of said two defined rotational positions of said handle (8), only one of said two pegs is aligned with one of said balls (88) and is urged by the bias of the associated coil spring (87) against the associated roller body (93, 94) and, in doing so, urges this roller body (93, 94) between said head (4) and said holder (50) in a manner locking said head (4) and holder (50) with each other, whereas the other peg is urged back by the spring means (43) against the end face of the insertion end (81) of the handle via the associated roller body (93, 94).
  6. A ratchet according to claim 5,
    wherein the insertion end (81) of the handle (8) has formed therein additional spring seats (85a, 85d) with respectively associated coil springs (87) and balls (88), and wherein in a third rotational position (S) between said handle (8) and said shaft (42), both pegs are aligned with one ball (88) each and thus are biased by one coil spring (87) each, so that both roller bodies (93, 94) are urged by the respective associated peg between said holder (50) and said head (4) and lock said holder (50) and said head (4) with each other.
EP19960110619 1996-01-12 1996-07-01 Ratchet Expired - Lifetime EP0786314B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP20703/96 1996-01-12
JP8020703A JP2747818B2 (en) 1996-01-12 1996-01-12 Work tools
JP2070396 1996-01-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0786314A1 EP0786314A1 (en) 1997-07-30
EP0786314B1 true EP0786314B1 (en) 2002-02-27

Family

ID=12034516

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19960110619 Expired - Lifetime EP0786314B1 (en) 1996-01-12 1996-07-01 Ratchet

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0786314B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2747818B2 (en)
DE (1) DE59608794D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW201228779A (en) * 2011-01-14 2012-07-16 Hou-Fei Hu Ratchet wrench featuring shrinkable head
CN104842303A (en) * 2014-02-18 2015-08-19 陈家佑 Ratchet wrench capable of replacing tool head

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH244678A (en) * 1945-08-14 1946-09-30 Rudolf Schmid Hans Right and left hand ratchet with central locking, especially for drill jacks, cutter clips and jacks.
FR1035176A (en) * 1951-04-06 1953-08-18 Ratchet wrench refinements
US3659484A (en) * 1970-06-18 1972-05-02 Gino L Scodeller Reversible ratchet wrench with interlocked assembly
US3724298A (en) * 1971-04-26 1973-04-03 J Howard Reversible ratchet-type wrench
US4371201A (en) * 1980-09-26 1983-02-01 Stock Equipment Company Reversing ratchet door closer
US5115699A (en) * 1990-06-01 1992-05-26 Mertens James H Continuous drive ratchet tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH09193030A (en) 1997-07-29
EP0786314A1 (en) 1997-07-30
DE59608794D1 (en) 2002-04-04
JP2747818B2 (en) 1998-05-06

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