EP0784334B1 - Lampe à halogénures métalliques - Google Patents

Lampe à halogénures métalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0784334B1
EP0784334B1 EP19960120431 EP96120431A EP0784334B1 EP 0784334 B1 EP0784334 B1 EP 0784334B1 EP 19960120431 EP19960120431 EP 19960120431 EP 96120431 A EP96120431 A EP 96120431A EP 0784334 B1 EP0784334 B1 EP 0784334B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamp
arc
rendering index
fill
per watt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19960120431
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0784334A1 (fr
Inventor
William M. Keeffe
William Koenigsberg
Richard Speer
Charles Struck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram Sylvania Inc
Original Assignee
Osram Sylvania Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Osram Sylvania Inc filed Critical Osram Sylvania Inc
Publication of EP0784334A1 publication Critical patent/EP0784334A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0784334B1 publication Critical patent/EP0784334B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps

Definitions

  • This invention relates to high intensity discharge (HID) lamps and more particularly to such lamps having increased efficacy.
  • HID lamps are among the most efficient light sources currently available. When first introduced in 1934 as mercury lamps, such lamps had an arc length of 158 mm, a bore diameter ol 33 mm and a power input of 400 W, resulting in a power loading of 2 W/cm 2 . Efficacy was about 40 lumens per watt (LPC) and the color rendering index (CRI) was less than 20.
  • LPC lumens per watt
  • CRI color rendering index
  • GB-A 2 000 637 discloses a metal halide lamp containing a fill of mercury and argon and comprising sodium and scandium halides.
  • the wall loading is from 10 to 35 W/cm 2 .
  • These lamps are noted for their long life and good color rendering properties. These lamps comprise arc discharge envelopes of quartz having complex fills of metal halides, mercury and an inert gas.
  • the arc discharge chamber is usually enclosed within an outer envelope of a hard glass such as an aluminosilicate having good UV absorbing properties.
  • a metal halide HID lamp having even better and more efficient luminating qualities.
  • a metal halide HID lamp which comprises an outer glass envelope having a pair of electrical conductors extending into the interior thereof.
  • a quartz discharge tube is disposed within the outer envelope and includes a pair of spaced electrodes which are electrically connected to the electrical conductors for creating an electrical discharge during operation of the lamp.
  • the discharge tube has an arc chamber with the configuration of a prolate spheroid having a major cross-sectional diameter and a given arc distance as measured by the linear distance between the interior terminations of the electrodes, the ratio of the major diameter to the arc distance being less than 1 and greater than 0.9.
  • An arc generating and sustaining medium is contained within the arc chamber and includes the halides of sodium, scandium, lithium, thulium and thallium, a fill gas selected from argon and xenon, and a given quantity of mercury to achieve a desired lamp voltage.
  • the lamp is operated with a wall loading greater than 17 W/cm 2 .
  • Lamps produced as above have fulfilled these design requirements and additionally have shown better lamp-to-lamp uniformity, improved color consistency, long life, reduced near UV emission, elimination of the troublesome end paint, reduced arc mantle color separation and manufacturing cost savings by reducing the amount of chemical fill necessary for the lamp dose.
  • a metal halide arc discharge lamp 10 including a lamp envelope 12 and an arc tube 14 mounted within the envelope by mounting frame 16.
  • the arc tube may be positioned within a shroud 20 which can also be supported by the mounting frame 16.
  • Electrical energy is coupled to the arc tube 14 through a base 22, a lamp stem 24 and electrical leads 26 and 28.
  • the arc tube contains a chemical fill or dose of materials to provide light when an arc is initiated therein, as will be explained hereinafter.
  • the shroud 20 comprises a cylindrical tube of light transmissive, heat resistant material such as quartz.
  • the mounting frame 16 supports both the arc tube and the shroud within the lamp envelope 12.
  • the mounting frame 16 includes a metal support rod 30 attached to lamp stem 24 by a strap 31.
  • the support rod engages an inward projection 32 in the upper end of the lamp envelope 12.
  • the support rod 30 in its central portion is parallel to a central axis of the arc tube 14 and shroud 20.
  • the mounting means 16 further includes an upper clip 40 and a lower clip 42 which secure both arc tube 14 and shroud 20 to support rod 30.
  • the clips 40 and 42 are attached to the support rod 30, preferably by welding.
  • plot A is a lamp in accordance with the aspect of the invention described above, showing an initial value of 87 while maintaining a value of 84 at 10,000 hours.
  • Plots B, C, D and E depict prior art lamps.
  • the CCT is remarkably stable, as shown by plot A of Fig. 3, holding the initial value of 4600°K ⁇ 100°K over the 10,000 hours.
  • Plots B, C, D and E again depict prior art lamps.
  • the lumen maintenance, (Fig. 4) likewise, is remarkably constant following an initial drop which is believed to be caused by tungsten evaporation from the electrodes caused by operating the lamps above their rated wattage.
  • plot A represents a lamp in accordance with an aspect of the invention and plots B, C, D and E represent prior art lamps.
  • Plots C and D illustrate lamps operated at a conventional average low wattage power loading of 15.5 W/cm 2
  • plot E represents a prior art lamp with a conventional fill operated at 33% over the design power loading.
  • this latter lamp has a life of over 10,000 hours, its maintenance is not as good as lamps prepared with the improved chemistry and, thus, it is not a viable alternative absent the improved chemical fill of this invention.
  • the arc tube 14 is made from quartz or other suitable translucent, high temperature material and has a cavity 44 with tungsten electrodes 46 sealed therein by means of the usual molybdenum foils 48 in a press seal 50.
  • the arc tube cavity 44 has a major cross-sectional diameter Z and an arc distance Y, as measured by the linear distance between the interior terminations of the electrodes 46, and the ratio Z/Y is less than 1 and greater than 0.9.
  • Z equals 0.440 " (1.1176 cm); Y equals 0.472 " (1.1988 cm); and Z/Y equals 0.932.
  • Electrode penetration is 3 mm and the electrode tips are not at the foci of the prolate spheroid arc tube 14.
  • This arc tube has a volume of 1.167 cm 3 and an internal surface area of 5.55 cm 2 .
  • the permissible average power loading for this shape is higher than for conventional shapes for the prior art sodium-scandium-lithium chemistry, owing to the more uniform heat load upon the conformably tailored shape.
  • the permissible wall loading is unexpectedly higher for the thulium-scandium-sodium-lithium-iodides- thallium/mercury chemical dose.
  • the core temperature for the chemistry including thallium/thulium is some 850°K cooler than that with thulium alone, and some 900°K cooler than the previous standard without either the thallium or thulium.
  • lamps designated K and L represent prior art lamps having the designated fills
  • M and N represent lamps having the fills of the instant invention. From the table, it will be apparent that merely increasing the wall loading of the prior art lamps will not achieve the benefits of the instant invention. Additional increases in LPW were shown between lamp M and lamp N when the fill gas of 100 Torr argon was replaced with 100 Torr xenon.
  • the preferred mercury dose is that quantity which provides the desired lamp voltage. For example, to achieve a lamp voltage of 95 volts in the arc tube described above, a mercury dose of 15 mg is required with 0.3 mg of thallium.
  • the preferred method of dosing the thallium is as an amalgam with about 0.5 to 2 wgt. percent of the mercury; however, dosing may also be accomplished as thallium iodide.
  • the scandium is preferably added in the form of the iodide and as a 0.13 mg metallic chip to getter residual oxygen impurities and scavenge any excess iodine released by the metal iodide salts.
  • the chemical dose described herein is more tolerant of elevated power loadings heretofore found to be detrimental to long lamp life and provides for good life expectancy, LPW greater than 90; and a CCT of between 3500 and 4040 °K.

Landscapes

  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Lampe à décharge à halogénures métalliques comprenant une enveloppe (12) extérieure en verre et une paire de conducteurs (26, 28) électriques s'étendant à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe (12) en verre, et un tube (14) de décharge en quartz disposé dans l'enveloppe (12) extérieure et comprenant une paire d'électrodes (46) à distance l'une de l'autre qui sont reliées électriquement aux conducteurs électriques pour créer une décharge électrique pendant le fonctionnement de la lampe et un milieu engendrant un arc et le maintenant dans la chambre (14) à arc électrique qui comprend les halogénures de sodium, de scandium et de lithium, un gaz de remplissage choisi parmi un gaz inerte et une quantité donnée de mercure pour obtenir la tension souhaitée de la lampe, caractérisée en ce que la chambre (14) à arc électrique a la configuration d'un sphéroïde de révolution aplatie ayant un grand diamètre (Z) de section transversale et une distance d'arc donnée telle que mesurée par la distance linéaire entre les extrémités intérieures des électrodes (46), le rapport du grand diamètre à la distance d'arc étant inférieur à 1 et supérieur à 0,9, et le milieu comprend du thallium et un halogénure de thulium et le gaz de remplissage est choisi parmi l'argon et le xénon de sorte que la lampe a un indice de rendu des couleurs supérieur à 75, un rendement en lumen par watt supérieur à 90 et une température corrélée de couleur comprise entre 3500 et 4040 K, et une charge de paroi supérieure à 17 W/cm2.
  2. Lampe suivant la revendication 1, dans laquelle les halogénures sont des iodures.
  3. Lampe suivant la revendication 2, dans laquelle le sodium, le scandium, le lithium et le thulium sont présents dans le rapport de 48:1:10:16.
  4. Lampe suivant la revendication 3, dans laquelle le thallium est apporté sous la forme d'un amalgame.
  5. Lampe suivant la revendication 4, dans laquelle la chambre (14) à arc électrique a un volume de 1,2 cm3 environ, une longueur d'arc de 1,0 cm environ, et le gaz de remplissage contient 15 mg de mercure et 0,3 mg de thallium.
  6. Lampe suivant la revendication 5, dans laquelle le gaz de remplissage est du xénon à une pression de remplissage à froid de 100 Torr environ.
  7. Lampe suivant la revendication 6, dans laquelle le flux en lumen par watt est de 98 environ, la température corrélée de couleur est de 4040°K, l'indice de rendu des couleurs est de 75 environ, et la charge de paroi est de 17,8 W/cm2 environ.
  8. Lampe suivant la revendication 5, dans laquelle le rendement en lumen par watt est de 102 environ, la température corrélée de couleur est de 3670°K environ, l'indice de rendu des couleurs est de 85 environ et la charge de paroi est de 26,7 W/cm2 environ.
  9. Lampe suivant la revendication 5, dans laquelle le gaz de remplissage est de l'argon sous une pression de remplissage à froid de 100 Torr environ.
  10. Lampe suivant la revendication 9, dans laquelle le rendement en lumen par watt est de 92 environ, la température corrélée de couleur est de 3900°K environ, l'indice de rendu des couleurs est de 78 environ et la charge de paroi est de 17,8 W/cm2 environ.
  11. Lampe suivant la revendication 9, dans laquelle le flux en lumen par watt est de 94 environ, la température corrélée de couleur est de 3560°K environ, l'indice de rendu des couleurs est de 88 environ et la charge de paroi est de 26,7 W/cm2 environ.
EP19960120431 1996-01-11 1996-12-18 Lampe à halogénures métalliques Expired - Lifetime EP0784334B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US58486996A 1996-01-11 1996-01-11
US584869 1996-01-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0784334A1 EP0784334A1 (fr) 1997-07-16
EP0784334B1 true EP0784334B1 (fr) 2000-05-03

Family

ID=24339113

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19960120431 Expired - Lifetime EP0784334B1 (fr) 1996-01-11 1996-12-18 Lampe à halogénures métalliques

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0784334B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09199080A (fr)
CN (1) CN1106671C (fr)
CA (1) CA2194724A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69608089T2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0837492A3 (fr) * 1996-10-16 1998-05-27 Osram Sylvania Inc. Lampe à décharge de haute intensité avec un remplissage de xénon sous une pression intermédiaire
US6157131A (en) * 1998-08-18 2000-12-05 Philips Electronics North America Corp. Metal halide lamp with frame members
US6329742B1 (en) 1999-06-02 2001-12-11 Philips Electronics North America Corp. Metal halide lamp with metal frame supporting a protective sleeve
DE19937312A1 (de) * 1999-08-10 2001-02-15 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Quecksilberfreie Metallhalogenidlampe
EP1455382A3 (fr) * 2003-03-03 2007-12-05 Osram-Melco Toshiba Lighting Ltd. Lampe à décharge à haute intensité et dispositif d'éclairage l'utilisant
DE602004025118D1 (de) * 2003-07-25 2010-03-04 Panasonic Corp Metallhalogenidlampe
US9406498B2 (en) 2009-10-09 2016-08-02 Koninklijke Philips N.V. High efficiency lighting assembly
US8497633B2 (en) 2011-07-20 2013-07-30 General Electric Company Ceramic metal halide discharge lamp with oxygen content and metallic component

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE754499A (fr) * 1969-08-08 1971-01-18 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Lampe a decharge sous haute pression, a vapeur de mercure avec additif d'halogenure metallique
DE2519377A1 (de) 1975-04-30 1976-11-11 Patra Patent Treuhand Quecksilberdampf-hochdruckentladungslampe
DE2826733C2 (de) * 1977-07-05 1982-07-29 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. Hochdruck-Metalldampf-Entladungslampe
CA1324633C (fr) * 1988-09-12 1993-11-23 Zeya K. Krasko Lampe a decharge aux halogenures a proprietes ameliorees de rendement de la couleur
US5057743A (en) 1988-09-12 1991-10-15 Gte Products Corporation Metal halide discharge lamp with improved color rendering properties
EP0382516A3 (fr) * 1989-02-07 1991-05-02 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Lampe aux halogénures métalliques qui conserve le facteur de maintien de haute luminosité pendant une durée d'utilisation étendue
US4968916A (en) * 1989-09-08 1990-11-06 General Electric Company Xenon-metal halide lamp particularly suited for automotive applications having an improved electrode structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1165395A (zh) 1997-11-19
DE69608089D1 (de) 2000-06-08
JPH09199080A (ja) 1997-07-31
DE69608089T2 (de) 2000-09-14
CN1106671C (zh) 2003-04-23
EP0784334A1 (fr) 1997-07-16
CA2194724A1 (fr) 1997-07-12

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