EP0782420A1 - Dispositif de fa onnage de la cornee - Google Patents

Dispositif de fa onnage de la cornee

Info

Publication number
EP0782420A1
EP0782420A1 EP95936949A EP95936949A EP0782420A1 EP 0782420 A1 EP0782420 A1 EP 0782420A1 EP 95936949 A EP95936949 A EP 95936949A EP 95936949 A EP95936949 A EP 95936949A EP 0782420 A1 EP0782420 A1 EP 0782420A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser
cornea
laser beam
shaping
optics
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95936949A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Steiner
Richard Leiacker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
G Rodenstock Instrumente GmbH
Original Assignee
G Rodenstock Instrumente GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE4441579A external-priority patent/DE4441579C1/de
Application filed by G Rodenstock Instrumente GmbH filed Critical G Rodenstock Instrumente GmbH
Publication of EP0782420A1 publication Critical patent/EP0782420A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F9/00802—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photoablation
    • A61F9/00814—Laser features or special beam parameters therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F9/00802—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photoablation
    • A61F9/00817—Beam shaping with masks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/0944—Diffractive optical elements, e.g. gratings, holograms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00861—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
    • A61F2009/00872—Cornea

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for shaping the cornea according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Excimer lasers emit light in the UV range, with excimer lasers which emit light with a wavelength of 193 nm being used very frequently in ophthalmology.
  • Light with such a short wavelength can only be shaped and guided with certain difficulties in the beam shaping and beam guiding device required for laser treatment of the cornea: even small dust particles on lens surfaces lead to “burn-in points” on these lens surfaces.
  • a comparatively complex beam shaping device for excimer lasers - which have no circular mode distribution - in which an optical waveguide with a rectangular cross section is used is known from DE-A-40 04 423.
  • the invention is based on the object of developing a device for shaping the cornea in accordance with the preamble of patent claim 1 in such a way that a laser beam which is homogeneous over its cross section is provided with simple means even when using a laser with circular mode distribution.
  • the beam shaping device for the homogenization of the energy density over the beam cross section has focusing optics that focus the expanded laser beam, a diffractive element that is at a short distance from the focal plane of the focusing optics is arranged, and whose diffraction maxima interfere with the minima of the mode distribution, an image field diaphragm, which is arranged at a point optically conjugated to the cornea.
  • the diffractive element is so designed or arranged in the beam path that its diffraction maxima interfere with the minima of the mode structure at the height of the field diaphragm.
  • the energy density can be homogenized over the beam cross section using simple means.
  • the beam shaping device can easily be adapted to the radial distribution of the mode structure which varies from laser to laser.
  • optically conjugate sizes are understood to mean sizes which are assigned to one another in pairs, in that one size relates to the object or the object space and the other size relates to the image or the image space.
  • diffractive elements A wide variety of elements can be considered as diffractive elements. Two possibilities are given by way of example in claim 2, the use of a perforated screen having cost advantages over the use of a grid.
  • an expansion lens is provided in front of the focusing lens, that expands the laser beam.
  • the diameter of the laser beam can be brought (approximately) to the diameter value or a larger value, as is required for the shaping of the cornea, so that all "beam manipulations" on the "real need” or on one larger beam cross-section - with then increased accuracy - can be carried out.
  • a radial shaping element for setting a radial distribution of the energy of the laser beam that is set according to the desired removal, which radial element consists in particular of a plano-concave and a plano-convex lens, the concave and convex surfaces of which face each other.
  • the refractive indices of the two lenses are preferably the same and the absorptions of these two elements are different for the wavelength of the laser beam.
  • the concave lens must have the greater absorption or must consist of a material with a higher absorption coefficient.
  • the lenses that make up the radial shaping element can be inexpensively manufactured on devices that are widely used for the manufacture of spectacle lenses.
  • this solution according to the invention for setting the radial profile has the advantage that non-rotationally symmetrical beam profiles can also be set, as are required, for example, for astigmatism correction.
  • the radial shaping element and in particular the element designed according to the invention can be arranged according to claim 7 between the lenses of the expansion optics or according to claim 8 after the image field diaphragm in the beam guiding device.
  • the radial shaping element according to claim 9 is arranged at the location of the field diaphragm or at a location that is optically conjugate thereto, since the radial beam energy is homogeneous and constant at the location of the field diaphragm.
  • the beam diameter - corresponding to the diameter of the region of the cornea to be removed - is only 5 to 7 mm - unless a beam with an enlarged diameter is used. If the radial shaping takes place exclusively by absorption, lens elements with a strong curvature must be used.
  • the beam shaping takes place not only through the absorption of the lens elements, but also additionally through scattering.
  • Controlling particles such as titanium oxide, can be amplified by the concentration of the admixture of the radial energy drop, since the scatter increases exponentially with the depth in accordance with the scatter events per unit length.
  • the scattering characteristics can be influenced by the size of the scattering particles, the scattering characteristics being able to change from strong forward scattering to isotropic scattering.
  • the scatter can be generated by enclosing a medium with light absorption properties, to which the scattering particles are mixed, in a chamber.
  • the chamber can for example consist of a quartz material.
  • a medium with light absorption properties e.g. liquid silicone are used, to which the scattering particles are admixed.
  • the medium is then polymerized.
  • silicone is preferred, however, since silicone has a refractive index comparable to quartz.
  • scattering particles has the additional advantage that irregularities in the energy distribution, which are caused by the mode structure, are additionally homogenized by the scattering processes. This is comparable to the well-known frosted glass effect.
  • the scattering chamber should also be located as close as possible to the location of the field diaphragm.
  • the desired laser energy for ablation on the eye can be set by the choice of the aperture of the imaging optics and the scattering geometry of the particles and their concentration. Any lasers with circular mode distribution can be used as treatment lasers, as long as they only emit light in the spectral range that is suitable for shaping the cornea by appropriate removal. These include all lasers that emit light between approximately 2.7 ⁇ m and 3.3 ⁇ m.
  • a particularly suitable laser is the Erbiu -YAG laser mentioned in claim 17.
  • the invention is not limited to the aforementioned wavelength range.
  • the device according to the invention can have further elements:
  • the beam guiding device can have further optics after the field diaphragm, which directs the laser beam onto the eye to be treated.
  • This further optics preferably has the same focal length as the focusing optics (claim 19).
  • the device according to the invention has a laser 1 which emits a laser beam 2, the wavelength of which is suitable for ablating the cornea (not shown) of a human eye.
  • the wavelength of the laser beam 2 can be in particular in the range of 3 ⁇ m.
  • a suitable laser is, for example, an Er ⁇ AG laser with a wavelength of almost 3 ⁇ m.
  • lasers which emit light in this wavelength range have a circular mode distribution. This applies in particular to YAG lasers such as the Er: YAG laser already mentioned.
  • an expansion optic 3 which expands the laser beam 2 from a diameter of typically 4..6 mm to a diameter of approximately 25 to 40 mm (reference number 21).
  • the expansion optics 3 have an element 31 with a negative refractive power and an element 32 with a positive refractive power, which do not necessarily have to be single lenses, as shown in the figure.
  • a radial shaping element 4 is provided in the beam path 21, which serves to set a radial distribution of the energy of the laser beam 2 that is set in accordance with the desired corneal ablation.
  • Element 4 from a plano-concave and a plano-convex lens 41 or 42, the concave or convex surfaces of which face each other.
  • the two lenses 41 and 42 have (approximately) the same refractive indices, but different absorptions for the wavelength of the laser beam 2, so that (practically) the desired energy distribution over the cross section of the - at which - without influencing the "beam course" Embodiment shown parallel beam 21 receives.
  • Suitable material combinations for the lenses 41 and 42 are (for example) quartz / quartz infrared, IRG3 / LaSF9, IRG9 / FK52 or -preferably -IRG7 / LF8.
  • the designations are the delivery designations from Schott, Mainz, Germany. Of course, other material combinations are also possible.
  • the beam formation can take place not only through the absorption of the lenses 41 and 42, but also through scattering.
  • particles such as titanium oxide
  • the concentration of the admixture can increase the radial energy drop since, according to the scattering events per unit length, the scattering increases exponentially with depth.
  • the scattering characteristic can be influenced by the size of the scattering particles, the scattering characteristic changing from strong forward scattering to isotropic scattering.
  • the use of scattering particles has the advantage that irregularities in the energy distribution which are caused by the mode structure are additionally homogenized by the scattering processes. This is comparable to the well-known frosted glass effect.
  • the expanded beam 21 can be given the profile which shows the desired radius and azimuth angle-dependent energy distribution of the laser beam generated. It can be used to correct both spherical and astigmatic vision defects in the eyes.
  • the use of aspherical surfaces is also possible with the lenses 41 and 42, so that aspherical removal takes place.
  • focusing optics 5 are provided, which focus the expanded laser beam 21 at a focal point 6.
  • the focusing optics typically have a focal length of 20 mm.
  • a diffractive element 7 is provided at a distance of, for example, 4 to 5 mm in front of the focal point 6, the diffraction maxima of which interfere with the minima of the mode distribution.
  • the diffractive element 7 is a pinhole with a hole diameter of less than 1 mm, for example 0.8 mm.
  • an image field diaphragm 8 which typically has a diameter of 7 mm, is arranged at a point optically conjugated to the cornea.
  • another optical system 9 is provided, which in particular can have the same focal length as the focusing optics 5, so that it effects a 1: 1 image of the field diaphragm.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de façonnage de la cornée, comportant un laser dont le faisceau présente une répartition modale circulaire, ainsi qu'un dispositif de formation et de guidage de faisceau qui dirige le faisceau laser sur la cornée. L'invention est caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de formation de faisceau permet d'homogénéiser la densité d'énergie sur la section du faisceau et présente à cet effet: un système optique de focalisation qui concentre le faisceau laser élargi; un élément de diffraction disposé à faible distance du plan focal du système optique de focalisation et dont les valeurs maximales de diffraction interfèrent avec les valeurs minimales de la répartition modale; et un diaphragme de champ d'image disposé en un point conjugué optiquement à la cornée.
EP95936949A 1994-11-22 1995-11-22 Dispositif de fa onnage de la cornee Withdrawn EP0782420A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4441579 1994-11-22
DE4441579A DE4441579C1 (de) 1994-11-22 1994-11-22 Vorrichtung zur Formung der Cornea
DE19530476A DE19530476A1 (de) 1994-11-22 1995-08-18 Vorrichtung zur Formung der Cornea
DE19530476 1995-08-18
PCT/DE1995/001629 WO1996015742A1 (fr) 1994-11-22 1995-11-22 Dispositif de façonnage de la cornee

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0782420A1 true EP0782420A1 (fr) 1997-07-09

Family

ID=25942198

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95936949A Withdrawn EP0782420A1 (fr) 1994-11-22 1995-11-22 Dispositif de fa onnage de la cornee

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5895384A (fr)
EP (1) EP0782420A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09508306A (fr)
WO (1) WO1996015742A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19814095C2 (de) * 1998-03-30 2003-08-14 Zeiss Carl Jena Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur Kontrolle und Steuerung der Behandlungsparameter an einem ophthalmologischen Behandlungsgerät
US6193710B1 (en) * 1998-07-16 2001-02-27 Visx, Incorporated Method for scanning non-overlapping patterns of laser energy with diffractive optics
US6530916B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2003-03-11 Visx, Incorporated Uniform large area ablation system and method
JP4332855B2 (ja) 2005-06-07 2009-09-16 住友電気工業株式会社 ウエッジを用いた回折型ビームホモジナイザ光学系
WO2012170966A1 (fr) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-13 Christopher Horvath Système de distribution de laser pour une chirurgie oculaire
CN104010564A (zh) 2011-10-21 2014-08-27 肯特·泰伯 功能性视力测试仪

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6167821A (ja) * 1984-09-12 1986-04-08 Toshiba Corp 反射光学装置
EP0207132B1 (fr) * 1984-12-28 1989-03-22 Ncr Corporation Procede de production d'un filtre de faisceaux laser gaussiens
US4744615A (en) * 1986-01-29 1988-05-17 International Business Machines Corporation Laser beam homogenizer
US4838266A (en) * 1986-09-08 1989-06-13 Koziol Jeffrey E Lens shaping device using a laser attenuator
EP0280414A1 (fr) * 1987-02-02 1988-08-31 Taunton Technologies, Inc. Appareil pour la correction de la courbure de la cornée
DE4041894C2 (de) * 1990-12-27 1994-12-15 Michael Ulrich Prof D Dardenne Gerät zur chirurgischen Behandlung von Myopie, Hyperopie und Astigmatismus des Auges unter Verwendung von Feststoffabsorbentien
EP0536450A1 (fr) * 1991-10-07 1993-04-14 Summit Technology, Inc. Système de profilage à laser, avec un masque décolorable
EP0536951B1 (fr) * 1991-10-10 1997-08-27 Coherent, Inc. Appareil délivrant un faisceau laser defocalisé avec une section à bords abrupts
IL99727A0 (en) * 1991-10-13 1992-08-18 Aaron Lewis Generating defined structures on materials using combined optical technologies for transforming the processing beam
US5461212A (en) * 1993-06-04 1995-10-24 Summit Technology, Inc. Astigmatic laser ablation of surfaces
US5395356A (en) * 1993-06-04 1995-03-07 Summit Technology, Inc. Correction of presbyopia by photorefractive keratectomy
US5571107A (en) * 1993-10-26 1996-11-05 Shaibani; Sanan B. Laser surgical apparatus for sculpting a cornea using a diffractive optical element and method of using the same
US5376086A (en) * 1993-10-26 1994-12-27 Khoobehi; Bahram Laser surgical method of sculpting a patient's cornea and associated intermediate controlling mask

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9615742A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5895384A (en) 1999-04-20
JPH09508306A (ja) 1997-08-26
WO1996015742A1 (fr) 1996-05-30

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