EP0776451A1 - Process for setting the static overheating in expansion valves for coolant circuits - Google Patents

Process for setting the static overheating in expansion valves for coolant circuits

Info

Publication number
EP0776451A1
EP0776451A1 EP95944011A EP95944011A EP0776451A1 EP 0776451 A1 EP0776451 A1 EP 0776451A1 EP 95944011 A EP95944011 A EP 95944011A EP 95944011 A EP95944011 A EP 95944011A EP 0776451 A1 EP0776451 A1 EP 0776451A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
evaporator
adjusted
expansion valve
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95944011A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0776451B1 (en
Inventor
Josef Osthues
Michael Kress
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honeywell GmbH
Original Assignee
Ernst Flitsch GmbH and Co
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Ernst Flitsch GmbH and Co filed Critical Ernst Flitsch GmbH and Co
Publication of EP0776451A1 publication Critical patent/EP0776451A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31—Expansion valves
    • F25B41/33—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by the fluid pressure, e.g. by the pressure of the refrigerant
    • F25B41/335—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by the fluid pressure, e.g. by the pressure of the refrigerant via diaphragms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/18—Refrigerant conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/21—Refrigerant outlet evaporator temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for setting the static superheat on a thermostatic expansion valve which has a condensate inlet, a valve seat connected to the condensate inlet via a valve body which is actuated by means of a control membrane and in the closed position acted upon by a prestressed actuating spring, the valve outlet connected to the condensate inlet.
  • control chamber which acts on the control diaphragms in the closed position with evaporator-side refrigerant pressure and a control chamber which is arranged on the opposite side of the control membrane and communicates with a gas space of a gaseous adsorptive and a solid adsorbent containing a gaseous adsorptive and a solid adsorbent.
  • the expansion valve throttles the refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant circuit and has the task of regulating the overheating of the refrigerant at the evaporator outlet, with the aim of protecting the compressor downstream of the evaporator against impermissible liquid impacts and of making demands on the performance adapted to cause good filling level of the evaporator.
  • Overheating causes the evaporated refrigerant to heat above the evaporation temperature also understood, which can only take place after the refrigerant has completely evaporated within the evaporator. By controlling the overheating it is achieved that the evaporator is supplied with exactly the amount of liquid refrigerant that can evaporate completely there due to the heat supply.
  • the adsorption thermal sensor contains a suitable gas or gas mixture as the adsorptive and an adsorbent consisting of a solid with a large surface area.
  • a suitable gas or gas mixture as the adsorptive
  • an adsorbent consisting of a solid with a large surface area.
  • activated carbon, silica gel or molecular sieves are suitable as adsorbents, while predominantly C0 2 and CH 4 are used as the adsorptive.
  • the adsorption of the adsorptive on the adsorbent is temperature-dependent with a largely linear pressure / temperature characteristic, which is particularly advantageous for overheating control with the aid of a thermostatic expansion valve.
  • the design of the expansion valve on the one hand and the adjustment of the adsorber charge on the other hand ensure that a largely constant static overheating of, for example, 3 occurs in a given working range of the evaporator temperature up to 6 K at the evaporator outlet.
  • the known thermostatic expansion valves are set in the factory for each refrigerant occurring in practice by selecting the parameters mentioned and, if necessary, in stock held up.
  • the refrigerants R12, R22 and R502 have been used primarily depending on the application spectrum. In the future, only R22 will be permitted from these refrigerants, and this too only as a temporary solution for a limited period of time. The main reason is the - if only slight - ozone depletion potential. In the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry, a large number of chlorine-free alternative refrigerants are therefore being investigated and tested in practice, which are intended to replace the standard refrigerants mentioned in the future. In addition to the ozone depletion potential and the direct greenhouse potential, the decisive selection criteria are also the energy requirement (indirect greenhouse effect).
  • the invention is based on the object of developing a method for adjusting the static superheating of an expansion valve which enables a switch to different replacement refrigerants with simple means.
  • the solution according to the invention makes use of the knowledge that the vapor pressure curves of different substitute refrigerants have a similar course which, by adapting a linear temperature / pressure curve of an adsorption thermal sensor to a different one in a wide range of operation, is however wide constant differential temperature profile can be implemented on the membrane of the expansion valve.
  • a linear temperature / pressure curve of an adsorption thermal sensor to a different one in a wide range of operation, is however wide constant differential temperature profile can be implemented on the membrane of the expansion valve.
  • only the pretensioning of the actuating spring needs to be adapted in a suitable manner to the vapor pressure curve of the respective replacement refrigerant.
  • the thermostatic expansion valve for a basic refrigerant by adapting the composition and filling quantity of the adsorptive and the adsorbent in the adsorber thermal sensor and the membrane dimensions to the vapor pressure curve of the Basic refrigerant and by adjusting a defined preload of the actuating spring in a predetermined working range of the evaporator temperature is adjusted to an essentially constant static superheat, and that the expansion adjustment thus adjusted valve when used in a refrigerant circuit filled with a replacement refrigerant different from the base refrigerant is adjusted with regard to the pretensioning of its actuating spring in accordance with an adjustment regulation adapted to the mutual deviation of the vapor pressure curves of the replacement refrigerant and the calibration refrigerant.
  • the pretensioning of the actuating spring is adjusted by rotating and counting a screw member acting against the actuating spring in accordance with the adjustment specification.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a refrigeration system with a thermostatic expansion valve
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a thermostatic expansion valve with an adsorption thermal sensor
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagram for the adjustment instruction for the Fit of a pre-adjusted thermostatic expansion valve to different replacement refrigerants.
  • the refrigeration system shown schematically in FIG. 1 has a refrigerant circuit with an evaporator 10, a compressor 14 driven by a motor 12, a condenser 16 and a thermostatic expansion valve 18 arranged between condenser 16 and evaporator 10.
  • the gaseous refrigerant coming from the evaporator 10 is compressed in the compressor 14 and liquefied in the condenser 16 while releasing heat (arrows 17) and enters the condensate inlet 20 of the expansion valve 18 as condensate under the pressure p c .
  • the condensate is expanded in a throttle element consisting of a valve seat 22 and a valve body 24 in accordance with the temperature measured with the sensor 26 at the outlet 28 of the evaporator 10 and the pressure P 0 prevailing in the evaporator and via the evaporator-side valve outlet 30 fed to the evaporator 10 in the form of a two-phase, liquid / vapor mixture.
  • the liquid refrigerant is evaporated while absorbing heat (arrows 32), so that only gaseous and superheated refrigerant emerges at the evaporator outlet 28 and is fed to the compressor 14 via the suction line 34.
  • the task of the thermostatic expansion valve 18 is to supply the evaporator 10 with exactly the amount of liquid refrigerant that is there due to the heat supply 32 can evaporate. It regulates overheating of the suction gas at the evaporator outlet 28 and therefore forms an overheating regulator.
  • the thermostatic expansion valve 18 contains a control membrane 36, which is connected to the valve body 24 via a valve tappet 38, and on the valve side via a control chamber 40 with the evaporator-side pressure p 0 and on the opposite side
  • the sensor-side pressure p t can be applied via a control chamber 42 and a capillary line 44.
  • the valve body 24 can additionally be acted upon in the closing direction by the force of an adjusting spring 46, the pretension of which can be adjusted by means of a screw member 48.
  • the temperature sensor 26 which is designed as an adsorption thermal sensor, contains an adsorbent 50 consisting of a solid with a large surface area, and a gas filling as an adsorptive 52, which also compensates the gas space in the capillary line 44 and the control chamber 42, which pressure communicates with the sensor fills out.
  • the evaporation pressure p 0 of the refrigerant in the evaporator 10 and the spring pressure p f which the actuating spring 46 exerts on the valve body 24 thus act on the underside of the control membrane 36.
  • the gas pressure p t acts on the upper side in the thermal sensor 26, which is essentially proportional to the sensor temperature at the evaporator outlet 28 (cf. FIG. 4).
  • the expansion valve 18 is installed in a test bench which is subjected to a defined vapor pressure of the basic refrigerant R Q as a function of the evaporation temperature.
  • the adsorption thermocouple 26 is previously filled and sealed with the adsorptive in a suitable composition and filling quantity at a predetermined sensor temperature in adaptation to the membrane dimensions and to the vapor pressure curve of the basic refrigerant R g .
  • a pretension of the actuating spring By setting a defined pretension of the actuating spring, an essentially constant static superheat ⁇ t oh is adjusted in a predetermined working range of the evaporation temperature and the setting is appropriately marked on the adjusting screw 48.
  • the expansion valve adjusted in this way can be used in a refrigerant circuit which is filled with a replacement refrigerant R 2 , R 2 different from the base refrigerant R 0 , in accordance with a deviation from the vapor pressure curves of the relevant replacement refrigerant and the base refrigerant adjusted adjustment regulation without re-calibration.
  • the changeover is expediently carried out by turning the screw member 48 in a direction (+/-) and number of revolutions (U) specified by the adjustment instruction.
  • the vapor pressure curves of various refrigerants R Q , R and R 2 can be found in the diagram according to FIG.
  • the invention relates to a method for setting the static superheating on expansion valves for refrigerant circuits.
  • the setting is made by first adjusting the expansion valve for a basic refrigerant R 0 to a static superheating temperature ⁇ t oh which is essentially constant in a given working range of the evaporator temperature, and by using it with a replacement refrigerant R. g , R different from the basic refrigerant R g 2 filled refrigerant circuit is adjusted with regard to the pretensioning of its adjusting spring 46 in accordance with an adjustment regulation adapted to the deviation between the vapor pressure curves of the replacement refrigerant and the base refrigerant.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP95/02662 Sec. 371 Date May 15, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date May 15, 1997 PCT Filed Jul. 8, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/07066 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 7, 1996To effect the adjustment, the expansion valve is first set for a basic coolant (Ro) to a substantially constant static overheating temperature ( DELTA toh) in a predetermined working range of the evaporator temperature and, when the coolant circuit is filled with a replacement coolant (R1, R2) differing from the basic coolant (Ro), the pretension of its adjusting spring (46) is adjusted in accordance with a specification suited to the difference between the vapor pressure curves of the replacement coolant and those of the basic coolant.

Description

Verfahren zur Einstellung der statischen Überhitzung an Expansionsventilen für KältemittelkreisläufeProcedure for setting the static overheating on expansion valves for refrigerant circuits
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Einstellung der statischen Überhitzung an einem thermostatischen Expansionsventil, das einen Kondensateinlaß, einen über einen mittels einer Steuermembran betätigten, in Schlie߬ stellung durch eine vorgespannte Stellfeder beaufschlag¬ ten Ventilkörper verschließbaren Ventilsitz mit dem Kondensateinlaß verbundenen verdampferseitigen Ventil¬ auslaß, einen die Steuermembarn in Schließstellung mit verdampferseitigem Kältemitteldruck beaufschlagenden Steuerraum und einen auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Steuermembran angeordneten, mit einem Gasraum eines an einem Verdampferausgang thermisch ankoppelbaren, ein gasförmiges Adsorptiv und ein festes Adsorbens enthal¬ tenden Adsorptions-Thermofühlers kommunizierenden Steu¬ erraum aufweist.The invention relates to a method for setting the static superheat on a thermostatic expansion valve which has a condensate inlet, a valve seat connected to the condensate inlet via a valve body which is actuated by means of a control membrane and in the closed position acted upon by a prestressed actuating spring, the valve outlet connected to the condensate inlet. has a control chamber which acts on the control diaphragms in the closed position with evaporator-side refrigerant pressure and a control chamber which is arranged on the opposite side of the control membrane and communicates with a gas space of a gaseous adsorptive and a solid adsorbent containing a gaseous adsorptive and a solid adsorbent.
Das Expansionsventil bewirkt im Kältemittelkreislauf eine Drosselung des Kältemitteldrucks und hat die Auf¬ gabe, die Überhitzung des Kältemittels am Verdampfer¬ ausgang zu regeln, mit dem Ziel, den dem Verdampfer nachgeordneten Verdichter vor unzulässigen Flüssigkeits¬ schlägen zu schützen und einen an die Leistungsanforde¬ rung angepaßten guten Füllungsgrad des Verdampfers zu bewirken. Unter Überhitzung wird die Erwärmung des ver¬ dampften Kältemittels über die Verdampfungstemperatur hinaus verstanden, die erst nach vollständiger Verdamp¬ fung des Kältemittels innerhalb des Verdampfers erfol¬ gen kann. Durch die Regelung der Überhitzung wird also erreicht, daß dem Verdampfer genau die Menge flüssigen Kältemittels zugeführt wird, die dort aufgrund der Wär¬ mezufuhr vollständig verdampfen kann.The expansion valve throttles the refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant circuit and has the task of regulating the overheating of the refrigerant at the evaporator outlet, with the aim of protecting the compressor downstream of the evaporator against impermissible liquid impacts and of making demands on the performance adapted to cause good filling level of the evaporator. Overheating causes the evaporated refrigerant to heat above the evaporation temperature also understood, which can only take place after the refrigerant has completely evaporated within the evaporator. By controlling the overheating it is achieved that the evaporator is supplied with exactly the amount of liquid refrigerant that can evaporate completely there due to the heat supply.
Der Adsorptions-Thermofühler enthält als Steuerfüllung ein geeignetes Gas oder Gasgemisch als Adsorptiv und ein aus einem Feststoff mit großer Oberfläche bestehen¬ des Adsorbens. Als Adsorbentien kommen beispielsweise Aktivkohle, Silikagel oder Molekularsiebe in Betracht, während als Adsorptiv überwiegend C02 und CH4 verwendet werden. Die Adsorption des Adsorptivs am Adsorbens ist temperaturabhängig mit in weitem Bereich nahezu linea¬ rer Druck-/Temperaturcharakteristik, die für die Über- hitzungsregelung mit Hilfe eines thermostatischen Ex¬ pansionsventils besonders vorteilhaft ist.As a control filling, the adsorption thermal sensor contains a suitable gas or gas mixture as the adsorptive and an adsorbent consisting of a solid with a large surface area. For example, activated carbon, silica gel or molecular sieves are suitable as adsorbents, while predominantly C0 2 and CH 4 are used as the adsorptive. The adsorption of the adsorptive on the adsorbent is temperature-dependent with a largely linear pressure / temperature characteristic, which is particularly advantageous for overheating control with the aid of a thermostatic expansion valve.
Für die optimale Regelung eines Kältemittelkreislaufs ist bei vorgegebenem Kältemittel durch konstruktive Auslegung des Expansionsventils einerseits und der Ab¬ stimmung der Adsorberfüllung andererseits dafür zu sor¬ gen, daß in einem vorgegebenen Arbeitsbereich der Ver¬ dampfertemperatur sich eine weitgehend konstante stati¬ sche Überhitzung von beispielsweise 3 bis 6 K am Ver¬ dampferausgang ergibt. Die bekannten thermostatischen Expansionsventile werden für jedes in der Praxis vor¬ kommende Kältemittel durch Wahl der genannten Parameter werksseitig eingestellt und gegebenenfalls am Lager vorgehalten.For the optimal control of a refrigerant circuit, given the refrigerant, the design of the expansion valve on the one hand and the adjustment of the adsorber charge on the other hand ensure that a largely constant static overheating of, for example, 3 occurs in a given working range of the evaporator temperature up to 6 K at the evaporator outlet. The known thermostatic expansion valves are set in the factory for each refrigerant occurring in practice by selecting the parameters mentioned and, if necessary, in stock held up.
In gewerblichen Kompressions-Kältemaschinen wurden bis¬ her vorrangig je nach Anwendungsspektrum die Kältemit¬ tel R12, R22 und R502 eingesetzt. Künftig wird von die¬ sen Kältemitteln nur noch R22 erlaubt sein, und auch dieses nur als Übergangslösung für einen begrenzten Zeitraum. Der wesentliche Grund ist das - wenn auch nur geringe - Ozonabbaupotential. In der Kälte- und Klima¬ branche werden daher eine Vielzahl chlorfreier Alterna¬ tivkältemittel untersucht und in der Praxis erprobt, die die genannten Standardkältemittel künftig ersetzen sollen. Maßgebliche Auswahlkriterien sind neben dem Ozonabbaupotential und dem direkten Treibhauspotential auch der Energiebedarf (indirekter Treibhauseffekt) .In commercial compression refrigeration machines, the refrigerants R12, R22 and R502 have been used primarily depending on the application spectrum. In the future, only R22 will be permitted from these refrigerants, and this too only as a temporary solution for a limited period of time. The main reason is the - if only slight - ozone depletion potential. In the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry, a large number of chlorine-free alternative refrigerants are therefore being investigated and tested in practice, which are intended to replace the standard refrigerants mentioned in the future. In addition to the ozone depletion potential and the direct greenhouse potential, the decisive selection criteria are also the energy requirement (indirect greenhouse effect).
Die Vielzahl der zur Verfügung stehenden Ersatzkälte¬ mittel zwingen bei ihrem Einsatz in Kälteanlagen zur Verwendung von entsprechend ausgelegten und einjustier¬ ten thermostatischen Expansionsventilen. Bisher wurden diese jeweils werksseitig an das individuelle Kältemit¬ tel angepaßt, auf Lager gelegt und bei Bedarf an den Kunden abgegeben. Mit zunehmender Anzahl an Ersatzkäl¬ temitteln, die zum Teil auch nur versuchsweise einge¬ setzt werden, führt dies jedoch bei der Lagerhaltung zu einer zunehmend unübersichtlichen Vielfalt.The large number of available replacement refrigerants, when used in refrigeration systems, force the use of appropriately designed and adjusted thermostatic expansion valves. Up to now, these were each adapted to the individual refrigerant at the factory, stored in stock and given to the customer if required. However, with an increasing number of replacement refrigerants, some of which are only used on a trial basis, this leads to an increasingly confusing variety in storage.
Ausgehend hiervon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zu¬ grunde, ein Verfahren zur Einstellung der statischen Überhitzung eines Expansionsventils zu entwickeln, das mit einfachen Mitteln eine Umstellung auf unterschied¬ liche Ersatzkältemittel ermöglicht.Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the object of developing a method for adjusting the static superheating of an expansion valve which enables a switch to different replacement refrigerants with simple means.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebene Merkmalskombination vorgeschlagen. Eine vor¬ teilhafte Ausgestaltung des Erfindungsgedankens findet sich im Unteranspruch.To achieve this object, the combination of features specified in claim 1 is proposed. An advantageous embodiment of the inventive concept can be found in the subclaim.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung macht sich die Erkenntnis zunutze, daß die Dampfdruckkurven verschiedener Ersatz¬ kältemittel einen ähnlichen Verlauf aufweisen, der durch Anpassung einer linearen Temperatur-/Druckkurve eines Adsorptions-Thermofühlers zu einem im Betrag zwar ver¬ schiedenen, in einem weiten Arbeitsbereich jedoch weit¬ gehend konstanten Differenztemperaturverlauf an der Membran des Expansionsventils umgesetzt werden kann. Um eine definierte statische Überhitzung einzustellen, braucht daher nur die Vorspannung der Stellfeder in ge¬ eigneter Weise an die Dampfdruckkurve des jeweiligen Ersatzkältemittels angepaßt zu werden. Um dies zu er¬ möglichen, wird gemäß der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, daß das thermostatische Expansionsventil für ein Basiskäl¬ temittel unter Anpassung der Zusammensetzung und Füll¬ menge des Adsorptivs und des Adsorbens im Adsorber-Ther- mofühler und der Membranabmessungen an die Dampfdruck¬ kurve des Basiskältemittels und durch Einstellung einer definierten Vorspannung der Stellfeder in einem vorge¬ gebenen Arbeitsbereich der Verdampfertemperatur auf ei¬ ne im wesentlichen konstante statische Überhitzung ein¬ justiert wird, und daß das so einjustierte Expansions- ventil bei Einsatz in einem mit einem vom Basiskälte¬ mittel verschiedenen Ersatzkältemittel gefüllten Käl¬ temittelkreislauf hinsichtlich der Vorspannung seiner Stellfeder nach Maßgabe einer an die gegenseitige Ab¬ weichung der Dampfdruckkurven des Ersatzkältemittels und des Eichkältemittels angepaßten Verstellvorschrift verstellt wird.The solution according to the invention makes use of the knowledge that the vapor pressure curves of different substitute refrigerants have a similar course which, by adapting a linear temperature / pressure curve of an adsorption thermal sensor to a different one in a wide range of operation, is however wide constant differential temperature profile can be implemented on the membrane of the expansion valve. In order to set a defined static overheating, only the pretensioning of the actuating spring needs to be adapted in a suitable manner to the vapor pressure curve of the respective replacement refrigerant. In order to make this possible, it is proposed according to the invention that the thermostatic expansion valve for a basic refrigerant by adapting the composition and filling quantity of the adsorptive and the adsorbent in the adsorber thermal sensor and the membrane dimensions to the vapor pressure curve of the Basic refrigerant and by adjusting a defined preload of the actuating spring in a predetermined working range of the evaporator temperature is adjusted to an essentially constant static superheat, and that the expansion adjustment thus adjusted valve when used in a refrigerant circuit filled with a replacement refrigerant different from the base refrigerant is adjusted with regard to the pretensioning of its actuating spring in accordance with an adjustment regulation adapted to the mutual deviation of the vapor pressure curves of the replacement refrigerant and the calibration refrigerant.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften und praxisnahen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Vorspannung der Stellfeder durch nach Maßgabe der Verstellvorschrift gerichtetes und abgezähltes Verdrehen eines gegen die Stellfeder ein¬ wirkenden Schrauborgans verstellt.According to an advantageous and practical embodiment of the invention, the pretensioning of the actuating spring is adjusted by rotating and counting a screw member acting against the actuating spring in accordance with the adjustment specification.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigenThe invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it
Fig. 1 ein Schema einer Kälteanlage mit einem thermo¬ statischen Expansionsventil;1 shows a diagram of a refrigeration system with a thermostatic expansion valve;
Fig. 2 ein Schema eines thermostatischen Expansions¬ ventils mit Adsorptions-Thermofühler;2 shows a diagram of a thermostatic expansion valve with an adsorption thermal sensor;
Fig. 3 ein Diagramm für den Dampfdruckverlauf verschie¬ dener Ersatzkältemittel;3 shows a diagram for the course of the vapor pressure of various replacement refrigerants;
Fig. 4 ein Diagramm für den schematischen Druck-Tempe¬ raturverlauf des Adsorptions-Thermofühlers;4 shows a diagram for the schematic pressure-temperature profile of the adsorption thermal sensor;
Fig. 5 ein Diagramm für die Verstellvorschrift zur An- passung eines vorjustierten thermostatischen Expansionsventils an unterschiedliche Ersatz¬ kältemittel.5 shows a diagram for the adjustment instruction for the Fit of a pre-adjusted thermostatic expansion valve to different replacement refrigerants.
Die in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellte Kälteanlage weist einen Kältemittelkreislauf mit einem Verdampfer 10, einem mit einem Motor 12 angetriebenen Verdichter 14, einem Kondensator 16 und einem zwischen Kondensator 16 und Verdampfer 10 angeordneten thermostatischen Ex¬ pansionsventil 18 auf. Das vom Verdampfer 10 kommende gasförmige Kältemittel wird im Verdichter 14 kompri¬ miert und im Kondensator 16 unter Wärmeabgabe (Pfeile 17) verflüssigt und tritt als Kondensat unter dem Druck pc in den Kondensateinlaß 20 des Expansionsventils 18 ein. Dort wird das Kondensat in einem aus einem Ventil¬ sitz 22 und einem Ventilkörper 24 bestehenden Drossel¬ organ nach Maßgabe der mit dem Fühler 26 am Ausgang 28 des Verdampfers 10 gemessenen Temperatur und dem im Verdampfer herrschenden Druck P0 entspannt und über den verdampferseitigen Ventilaustritt 30 in Form eines zwei- phasigen, flüssig/dampfförmigen Gemischs dem Verdampfer 10 zugeführt. Im Verdampfer 10 wird das flüssige Kälte¬ mittel unter Wärmeaufnahme (Pfeile 32) verdampft, so daß am Verdampferausgang 28 nur noch gasförmiges und überhitztes Kältemittel austritt und über die Sauglei¬ tung 34 dem Verdichter 14 zugeführt wird.The refrigeration system shown schematically in FIG. 1 has a refrigerant circuit with an evaporator 10, a compressor 14 driven by a motor 12, a condenser 16 and a thermostatic expansion valve 18 arranged between condenser 16 and evaporator 10. The gaseous refrigerant coming from the evaporator 10 is compressed in the compressor 14 and liquefied in the condenser 16 while releasing heat (arrows 17) and enters the condensate inlet 20 of the expansion valve 18 as condensate under the pressure p c . There, the condensate is expanded in a throttle element consisting of a valve seat 22 and a valve body 24 in accordance with the temperature measured with the sensor 26 at the outlet 28 of the evaporator 10 and the pressure P 0 prevailing in the evaporator and via the evaporator-side valve outlet 30 fed to the evaporator 10 in the form of a two-phase, liquid / vapor mixture. In the evaporator 10, the liquid refrigerant is evaporated while absorbing heat (arrows 32), so that only gaseous and superheated refrigerant emerges at the evaporator outlet 28 and is fed to the compressor 14 via the suction line 34.
Das thermostatische Expansionsventil 18 hat die Aufgabe dem Verdampfer 10 genau die Menge flüssigen Kältemit¬ tels zuzuführen, die dort aufgrund der Wärmezufuhr 32 verdampfen kann. Es regelt am Verdampferaustritt 28 ei¬ ne Überhitzung des Sauggases und bildet daher einen Überhitzungsregler.The task of the thermostatic expansion valve 18 is to supply the evaporator 10 with exactly the amount of liquid refrigerant that is there due to the heat supply 32 can evaporate. It regulates overheating of the suction gas at the evaporator outlet 28 and therefore forms an overheating regulator.
Das thermostatische Expansionsventil 18 enthält zu die¬ sem Zweck eine Steuermembran 36, die über einen Ventil¬ stößel 38 mit dem Ventilkörper 24 verbunden ist, und die auf der Ventilseite über eine Steuerkammer 40 mit dem verdampferseitigen Druck p0 und auf der gegenüber¬ liegenden Seite über eine Steuerkammer 42 und eine Ka¬ pillarleitung 44 mit dem fühlerseitigen Druck pt beauf¬ schlagbar ist. Der Ventilkörper 24 ist zusätzlich in Schließrichtung mit der Kraft einer Stellfeder 46 be¬ aufschlagbar, deren Vorspannung mittels eines Schraub¬ organs 48 einstellbar ist. Der als Adsorptions-Thermo- fühler ausgebildete Temperaturfühler 26 enthält ein aus einem Feststoff mit großer Oberfläche bestehendes Ad¬ sorbens 50 sowie eine Gasfüllung als Adsorptiv 52, die auch den mit dem Fühler kommunizierenden Gasraum in der Kapillarleitung 44 und der Steuerkammer 42 unter Druck¬ ausgleich ausfüllt.For this purpose, the thermostatic expansion valve 18 contains a control membrane 36, which is connected to the valve body 24 via a valve tappet 38, and on the valve side via a control chamber 40 with the evaporator-side pressure p 0 and on the opposite side The sensor-side pressure p t can be applied via a control chamber 42 and a capillary line 44. The valve body 24 can additionally be acted upon in the closing direction by the force of an adjusting spring 46, the pretension of which can be adjusted by means of a screw member 48. The temperature sensor 26, which is designed as an adsorption thermal sensor, contains an adsorbent 50 consisting of a solid with a large surface area, and a gas filling as an adsorptive 52, which also compensates the gas space in the capillary line 44 and the control chamber 42, which pressure communicates with the sensor fills out.
Auf der Unterseite der Steuermembran 36 wirkt somit der Verdampfungsdruck p0 des Kältemittels im Verdampfer 10 und der Federdruck pf, den die Stellfeder 46 auf den Ventilkörper 24 ausübt. Auf der Oberseite wirkt der Gasdruck pt im Thermofühler 26, der im wesentlichen proportional zur Fühlertemperatur am Verdampferausgang 28 ist (vgl. Fig. 4) . Zur werksseitigen Einstellung einer vorgegebenen stati¬ schen Überhitzung über einen gegebenen Arbeitsbereich wird das Expansionsventil 18 in einen Prüfstand einge¬ baut, der mit einem definierten Dampfdruck des Basis¬ kältemittels RQ in Abhängigkeit der Verdampfungstempe¬ ratur beaufschlagt wird. Der Adsorptions-Thermofühler 26 wird vorher mit dem Adsorptiv in geeigneter Zusam¬ mensetzung und Füllmenge bei vorgegebener Fühlertempe¬ ratur in Anpassung an die Membranabmessungen und an die Dampfdruckkurve des Basiskältemittels Rg gefüllt und verschlossen. Durch Einstellung einer definierten Vor¬ spannung der Stellfeder wird in einem vorgegebenen Ar¬ beitsbereich der Verdampfungstemperatur eine im wesent¬ lichen konstante statische Überhitzung Δtoh einjustiert und die Einstellung zweckmäßig an der Stellschraube 48 markiert. Das so einjustierte Expansionsventil kann beim Einsatz in einen Kältemittelkreislauf, der mit ei¬ nem vom Basiskältemittel R0 verschiedenen Ersatzkälte¬ mittel R-,, R2 gefüllt ist, nach Maßgabe einer an die Abweichung zwischen den Dampfdruckkurven des betreffen¬ den Ersatzkältemittels und des Basiskältemittels ange¬ paßten Verstellvorschrift ohne Nacheichung umgestellt werden. Die Umstellung erfolgt dabei zweckmäßig durch Verdrehen des Schrauborgans 48 in einer durch die Ver¬ stellvorschrift vorgegebene Richtung (+/-) und Anzahl der Umdrehungen (U) . Die Dampfdruckkurven verschiedener Kältemittel RQ, R- und R2 finden sich im Diagramm nach Fig. 3, während die bei einer vorgegebenen, im Prüf- stand einjustierten Überhitzungstemperatur von z.B. Δ toh = 4K sich ergebende Verstellvorschrift aus dem Diagramm nach Fig. 5 ergibt. Würde das Stellorgan 48 im Kältemittelkreislauf mit dem Ersatzkältemittel nicht nachgestellt werden, so würde sich beim Betrieb im vor¬ gegebenen Arbeitsbereich eine nicht optimale, zu große (R,) oder zu kleine (R2) statische Überhitzung ergeben.The evaporation pressure p 0 of the refrigerant in the evaporator 10 and the spring pressure p f which the actuating spring 46 exerts on the valve body 24 thus act on the underside of the control membrane 36. The gas pressure p t acts on the upper side in the thermal sensor 26, which is essentially proportional to the sensor temperature at the evaporator outlet 28 (cf. FIG. 4). For the factory setting of a predetermined static superheat over a given working range, the expansion valve 18 is installed in a test bench which is subjected to a defined vapor pressure of the basic refrigerant R Q as a function of the evaporation temperature. The adsorption thermocouple 26 is previously filled and sealed with the adsorptive in a suitable composition and filling quantity at a predetermined sensor temperature in adaptation to the membrane dimensions and to the vapor pressure curve of the basic refrigerant R g . By setting a defined pretension of the actuating spring, an essentially constant static superheat Δt oh is adjusted in a predetermined working range of the evaporation temperature and the setting is appropriately marked on the adjusting screw 48. The expansion valve adjusted in this way can be used in a refrigerant circuit which is filled with a replacement refrigerant R 2 , R 2 different from the base refrigerant R 0 , in accordance with a deviation from the vapor pressure curves of the relevant replacement refrigerant and the base refrigerant adjusted adjustment regulation without re-calibration. The changeover is expediently carried out by turning the screw member 48 in a direction (+/-) and number of revolutions (U) specified by the adjustment instruction. The vapor pressure curves of various refrigerants R Q , R and R 2 can be found in the diagram according to FIG. 3, while the adjustment instructions resulting from a predetermined superheating temperature of, for example, Δ t oh = 4K adjusted in the test stand 5 results. If the control element 48 were not readjusted in the refrigerant circuit with the replacement refrigerant, static overheating which was not optimal, too large (R,) or too small (R 2 ) would result during operation in the given work area.
Zusammenfassend ist folgendes festzustellen: Die Erfin¬ dung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Einstellung der statischen Überhitzung an Expansionsventilen für Kälte¬ mittelkreisläufe. Die Einstellung erfolgt dadurch, daß das Expansionsventil zunächst für ein Basiskältemittel R0 auf eine in einem vorgegebenen Arbeitsbereich der Verdampfertemperatur im wesentlichen konstante stati¬ sche Überhitzungstemperatur Δtoh einjustiert wird und daß es beim Einsatz mit einem vom Basiskältemittel Rg verschiedenen Ersatzkältemittel R. , R2 gefüllten Kälte¬ mittelkreislauf hinsichtlich der Vorspannung seiner Stellfeder 46 nach Maßgabe einer an die Abweichung zwi¬ schen den Dampfdruckkurven des Ersatzkältemittels und des Basiskältemittels angepaßten Verstellvorschrift verstellt wird. In summary, the following can be stated: The invention relates to a method for setting the static superheating on expansion valves for refrigerant circuits. The setting is made by first adjusting the expansion valve for a basic refrigerant R 0 to a static superheating temperature Δt oh which is essentially constant in a given working range of the evaporator temperature, and by using it with a replacement refrigerant R. g , R different from the basic refrigerant R g 2 filled refrigerant circuit is adjusted with regard to the pretensioning of its adjusting spring 46 in accordance with an adjustment regulation adapted to the deviation between the vapor pressure curves of the replacement refrigerant and the base refrigerant.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Einstellung der statischen Überhit¬ zung an einem thermostatischen Expansionsventil (18) , das einen Kondensateinlaß (20) , einen über einen mittels einer Steuermembran (36) betätigba¬ ren, in Schließrichtung durch eine vorgespannte Stellfeder (46) beaufschlagten Ventilkörper (24) verschließbaren Ventilsitz (22) mit dem Kondensat¬ einlaß (20) verbundenen verdampferseitigen Ventil¬ auslaß (30) , einen die Steuermembran (36) in Schlie߬ richtung des Ventilkörpers (22) mit verdampfersei- tigem Kältemitteldruck beaufschlagenden Steuerraum (40) und einen auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Steuermembran (36) angeordneten, mit einem Gasraum eines geschlossenen, an einen Verdampferausgang (28) eines Kältemittelkreislaufs thermisch ankop¬ pelbaren, ein gasförmiges Adsorptiv und ein festes Adsorbens enthaltenden Adsorptions-Thermofühler (26) kommunizierenden Steuerraum aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Expansionsventil (18) für ein Basiskältemittel (RQ) unter Anpassung der Zu¬ sammensetzung und Füllmenge des Adsorptivs und des Adsorbens im Adsorptions-Thermofühler (26) und der mechanischen Beschaffenheit und Abmessungen der Steuermembran (36) an die Dampfdruckkurve des Ba¬ siskältemittels (RQ) sowie durch Einstellung einer definierten Vorspannung der Stellfeder (46) in ei¬ nem vorgegebenen Arbeitsbereich der Verdampfertem¬ peratur auf eine im wesentlichen konstante stati- sehe Überhitzung (Λtoh) einjustiert wird, und daß das so einjustierte Expansionsventil bei Einsatz in einem mit einem vom Basiskältemittel (RQ) verschie¬ denen Ersatzkältemittel (R-, R2) gefüllten Kälte¬ mittelkreislauf hinsichtlich der Vorspannung seiner Stellfeder (46) nach Maßgabe einer an die Abwei¬ chung zwischen den Dampfdruckkurven des Ersatzkäl¬ temittels und des Basiskälte ittels angepaßten Ver¬ stellvorschrift verstellt wird.1. Method for setting the static overheating on a thermostatic expansion valve (18) which has a condensate inlet (20), a valve body (which can be actuated in the closing direction by a prestressed actuating spring (46) via a control membrane (36) ( 24) closable valve seat (22) with the condensate inlet (20) connected to the evaporator-side valve outlet (30), a control chamber (40) acting on the control membrane (36) in the closing direction of the valve body (22) with evaporator-side refrigerant pressure and has a control chamber arranged on the opposite side of the control membrane (36) and communicating with a gas space of a closed, thermally coupled to an evaporator outlet (28) of a refrigerant circuit, containing a gaseous adsorptive and a solid adsorbent adsorption thermal sensor (26), characterized in that the expansion valve (18) for a basic refrigeration ttel (R Q ) by adapting the composition and filling quantity of the adsorptive and the adsorbent in the adsorption thermal sensor (26) and the mechanical nature and dimensions of the control membrane (36) to the vapor pressure curve of the base refrigerant (R Q ) and by setting a defined bias of the adjusting spring (46) in a predetermined working range of the evaporator temperature to an essentially constant static see overheating (Λt oh ) is adjusted and that the expansion valve adjusted in this way when used in a refrigerant circuit filled with a replacement refrigerant (R-, R 2 ) different from the basic refrigerant (R Q , R 2 ) with regard to the pretensioning of its actuating spring (46) is adjusted in accordance with an adjustment regulation which is adapted to the deviation between the vapor pressure curves of the replacement refrigerant and the base refrigerant.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorspannung der Stellfeder (46) durch nach Maßgabe der Verstellvorschrift gerichtetes und ab¬ gezähltes Verdrehen eines gegen die Stellfeder ein¬ wirkenden Schrauborgans (48) verstellt wird. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pretensioning of the adjusting spring (46) is adjusted by turning and counting a screw member (48) acting against the adjusting spring in accordance with the adjustment instructions.
EP95944011A 1994-08-27 1995-07-08 Process for setting the static overheating in expansion valves for coolant circuits Revoked EP0776451B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4430497A DE4430497A1 (en) 1994-08-27 1994-08-27 Procedure for setting the static overheating on expansion valves for refrigerant circuits
DE4430497 1994-08-27
PCT/EP1995/002662 WO1996007066A1 (en) 1994-08-27 1995-07-08 Process for setting the static overheating in expansion valves for coolant circuits

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0776451A1 true EP0776451A1 (en) 1997-06-04
EP0776451B1 EP0776451B1 (en) 2000-01-12

Family

ID=6526743

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95944011A Revoked EP0776451B1 (en) 1994-08-27 1995-07-08 Process for setting the static overheating in expansion valves for coolant circuits

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US5916250A (en)
EP (1) EP0776451B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE188770T1 (en)
AU (1) AU3076595A (en)
DE (2) DE4430497A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0776451T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2144159T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1996007066A1 (en)

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JP2001021230A (en) * 1999-07-12 2001-01-26 Tgk Co Ltd Expansion valve for refrigeration cycle using variable displacement compressor
DE102007051118B4 (en) 2007-10-24 2021-11-11 Konvekta Ag Expansion valve
FR2979288B1 (en) * 2011-08-25 2013-08-23 Valeo Systemes Thermiques DEVICE FOR MONITORING A FLOW OF REFRIGERANT FLUID AND CIRCUIT INCORPORATING SUCH A DEVICE
DE202011051346U1 (en) * 2011-09-19 2011-12-01 Otto Egelhof Gmbh & Co. Kg expansion valve
CN104180569B (en) * 2014-09-01 2016-11-23 中国计量学院 The static degree of superheat of air-conditioner throttling valve is automatically adjusted platform
CN112361675B (en) * 2020-10-28 2022-03-01 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Liquid separator air suction device, liquid separator and compressor device

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59507620D1 (en) 2000-02-17
US5916250A (en) 1999-06-29
DE4430497A1 (en) 1996-02-29
DK0776451T3 (en) 2000-06-13
EP0776451B1 (en) 2000-01-12
ES2144159T3 (en) 2000-06-01
AU3076595A (en) 1996-03-22
WO1996007066A1 (en) 1996-03-07
ATE188770T1 (en) 2000-01-15

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