EP0774306A1 - Method and device for the straight-drawing of material in several steps - Google Patents
Method and device for the straight-drawing of material in several steps Download PDFInfo
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- EP0774306A1 EP0774306A1 EP96250248A EP96250248A EP0774306A1 EP 0774306 A1 EP0774306 A1 EP 0774306A1 EP 96250248 A EP96250248 A EP 96250248A EP 96250248 A EP96250248 A EP 96250248A EP 0774306 A1 EP0774306 A1 EP 0774306A1
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- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- force
- ring
- ring holder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes
- B21C1/27—Carriages; Drives
- B21C1/30—Drives, e.g. carriage-traversing mechanisms; Driving elements, e.g. drawing chains; Controlling the drive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes
- B21C1/20—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes from stock of essentially unlimited length
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for drawing elongated metallic workpieces, in particular tubes, for reducing the cross-section in more than one drawing stage by means of at least two successive drawing units which grip the workpiece on the outer circumference and have two alternately moving clamping slides, which continuously pass the workpiece through one pull a drawing ring assigned to each drawing unit and arranged in a drawing ring holder, as well as a method for threading the workpiece into the device.
- EP 0182922 discloses a generic method and a device for carrying out this method, in which the drawing material is at least temporarily deliberately deflected out of its axis between two drawing stages, so that a buffer can be formed which prevents the drawing material from tearing.
- the disadvantage of this method is the high mechanical engineering effort and the space required for the device to deflect the drawing material.
- the aim of the present invention is to provide a simple, To create space-saving, economically operated and inexpensive to produce pulling device with which the workpiece to be drawn can be threaded in a simple manner and reduced in tolerance in several stages.
- a method is proposed that is characterized in that the drawing units can be driven independently of one another in such a force and / or torque-controlled manner that during the drawing process in the workpiece section located between the drawing units there is always a defined deflection of the workpiece from the Straight-line pre-tension is maintained.
- the invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, it is proposed to dispense with loop formation in order to obtain a compact, clear and inexpensive pulling device.
- the actual value of the pulling force be measured permanently and compared with a preset value stored in a computer, and that when the preset value is exceeded or undershot, a signal is given to the drive or drives of one or more pulling units in order to Adjust the pulling force to the default value.
- the drawing force is preferably measured and fed to the computer as a specification for a retention and / or tractive force, in which a superimposed torque curve is formed as a function of the momentary drawing speed, superimposed on acceleration moments and loss moments of the drawing units, which is used for regulation of the drive of the respective drawing unit is used.
- the limit torque curve is intended to ensure that the tension between two adjacent drawing units is kept as low as possible, so that the ductility of the drawing material can be optimally used.
- the respective drawing speed results from the drawing speed of the preceding unit and the stretching of the drawing material in the current drawing unit. Since this stretching is subject to certain tolerances, it must be ensured that there is neither an oversupply of drawn material nor an impermissibly high tensile force between two adjacent drawing units.
- the present description of the force effect relates to adjacent drawing machines, the drawing ring holders of which are rigidly connected to the machine in a known manner. If, on the other hand, one of the drawing ring holders, preferably the holder of the second machine, which follows a first machine, is controlled to be movable as a function of the total force, the directions of force also change.
- a device for carrying out the method according to the invention is therefore characterized in that at least one drawing ring holder of a drawing unit is provided with a measuring device for the permanent detection of the drawing force and the drawing ring holder (s) can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece in a force and / or torque-controlled manner depending on the measured value can be clamped.
- the drawing force is measured and specified as the specification of the holding and moving device for the respective drawing ring holder. If the device for holding and moving the drawing ring holder is controlled in a force-dependent manner so that it remains in position, any excess supply of drawn material becomes a tendency for the drawing ring holder to move in Lead pull direction. If the total force measured decreases due to the movement of the drawing ring holder, the speed of the drive motor of the following machine must be increased accordingly. If the total force measured does not change due to such a method of the drawing ring holder, other reasons such as tolerances of the drawing material or the influence of lubrication are the cause of the increase in the total force and can be countered by increasing the holding force for the drawing ring holder. Since it is inevitable in practice that tears occasionally occur during pulling, these can be registered directly by the permanent pulling force measuring devices and cause all pulling devices to open.
- the measuring device advantageously consists of a load cell arranged between the drawing ring holder and the drawing ring.
- optical sensors between the drawing units for detecting an unwanted dodging of the drawing material from the drawing axis, which sensors are linked to the computer for regulating and / or switching off the drives.
- Such light curtains between two drawing units for monitoring the position of the material to be drawn can be used both for the additional monitoring of pipe rippers and for the additional control of a material oversupply between two drawing units.
- the pulling-in process is therefore started when the pull ring holder and front pull slide have their shortest possible distance from each other. If the drawing device retracts the drawing ring holder against the direction of drawing under pulling force at the same time as the pipe is pulled in, the length of the pipe drawn in is extended accordingly. As a result, the pull-in operation can be completed with only one pull-in and thus be shortened considerably.
- the two drawing carriages of the drawing unit preferably transport the detected workpiece alternately to the drawing ring following in the drawing direction, where the drawing-in process is repeated with steps a to d.
- the inventive concept is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment.
- the only drawing figure shows the arrangement of two drawing units.
- the drawing rings (1, 2) are supported against the drawing ring holder (3, 4) by means of load cells (5, 6).
- the drawing ring holder (3, 4) is mounted in a travel device (7, 8) which is supported against a hydraulic cylinder (9, 10).
- the material to be drawn is drawn by two alternating pulling slides (11, 12) and (13, 14), the clamping jaws (15, 16) being closed when they move in the pulling direction and opened when they move back against the pulling direction. Pulling force and alternating slide movement are generated by the drive motors (17, 18).
- the pulling slides (11, 13) are at their front dead center.
- the drawing ring holder (3, 4) in turn are in their rear dead centers, ie close to the drawing slide (11, 13). A beginning of the drawing material provided with a rod is pushed through the drawing ring (1) to such an extent that an auxiliary pulling device located in the plane of the drawing carriage can span the rod.
- the drawing ring holder (3) and the drawing slide (11) preferably move in the opposite direction from their dead center position and thus produce a drawn pipe hinge corresponding to the sum of the two travel paths.
- the auxiliary pulling pliers are opened and the pull ring holder moves in the pulling direction to the starting dead center and in doing so transports the drawn material so far that it can be gripped by the clamping jaws (15) of the pulling slide (11).
- the pulling sled (11, 13) now alternately pull the material to be drawn up to the pull ring (2).
- the drawing-in process is now repeated as described for drawing unit (1).
- the clamping jaws (15, 16) in the drawing slide (11, 12) are opened and the cylinder (9) is released from pressure.
- the measured pulling force serves as a control variable for the torque of the second pulling unit.
- the load cell (6) determines the pulling force and communicates this to the control mechanism of the hydraulic cylinder (10), which then exerts a corresponding holding force on the pulling ring holder (4).
- a computer program taking into account the dynamics and kinematics of the slide drive, the mechanical losses and the measured pulling force, adjusts its torque in such a way that the ductility limit of the drawn goods is below a certain amount and that the drawn goods between the two drawing units are exposed to a low defined tensile stress . If the required pulling force increases during pulling, the pull ring holder (3) is pushed back against the cylinder (10). If the total force on the die is thereby reduced to the order of magnitude registered during the drawing in, the drawing speed in the second unit is insufficient and the speed of the motor (18) must be increased.
- a scanning roller (19) on the drawing material permanently measures the current drawing speed. If the pulling speed measured in this way is lower than that determined from the pulling slide, the clamping jaws slip. The values of the scanning roller are then decisive for the speed control. The speed difference can, if necessary, be used to abort the pulling process in order to check the clamping conditions.
- a light curtain (20) controls the axial position of the drawn goods. If there is an oversupply of drawn material that can no longer be controlled by the regulation, this tries to avoid or even buckle it. This is registered and used to influence the control or to shut down the units.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
- Wire Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Ziehen von langgestreckten metallischen Werkstücken, insbesondere Rohren, zur Querschnittsverminderung in mehr als einer Ziehstufe mittels mindestens zweier aufeinanderfolgender, das Werkstück am äußeren Umfang greifender Ziehaggregate mit zwei alternierend bewegten Spannschlitten, die das Werkstück kontinuierlich durch je einen jedem Ziehaggregat zugeordneten, in einem Ziehringhalter angeordneten Ziehring ziehen sowie ein Verfahren zum Einfädeln des Werkstückes in die Vorrichtung.The invention relates to a method and a device for drawing elongated metallic workpieces, in particular tubes, for reducing the cross-section in more than one drawing stage by means of at least two successive drawing units which grip the workpiece on the outer circumference and have two alternately moving clamping slides, which continuously pass the workpiece through one pull a drawing ring assigned to each drawing unit and arranged in a drawing ring holder, as well as a method for threading the workpiece into the device.
Bei Verfahren und Vorrichtungen der gattungsgemäßen Art besteht die Gefahr, daß mangels Gleichlauf der hintereinandergeschalteten Ziehaggregeate Zug- oder Druckkräfte auf das zwischen den Ziehaggregaten befindliche Werkstück wirken, die bestenfalls zum Auslenken des Werkstückes aus der Werkstückachse und schlimmstenfalls zum Zerreißen des Werkstückes führen. Aus der EP 0182922 sind ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren und eine Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens bekannt, bei denen zwischen jeweils zwei Ziehstufen das Ziehgut zumindest zeitweise gewollt aus seiner Achse ausgelenkt wird, damit sich ein Puffer bilden kann, durch den ein Zerreißen des Ziehgutes verhindert wird. Der Nachteil dieses Verfahrens besteht in dem hohen maschinenbauliche Aufwand und dem erforderlichen Platzbedarf der Einrichtung zum Auslenken des Ziehgutes.In the case of methods and devices of the generic type, there is the risk that, due to the lack of synchronization of the series-connected drawing units, tensile or compressive forces act on the workpiece located between the drawing units, which at best lead to deflection of the workpiece from the workpiece axis and, at worst, to tearing of the workpiece. EP 0182922 discloses a generic method and a device for carrying out this method, in which the drawing material is at least temporarily deliberately deflected out of its axis between two drawing stages, so that a buffer can be formed which prevents the drawing material from tearing. The disadvantage of this method is the high mechanical engineering effort and the space required for the device to deflect the drawing material.
Ausgehend von der beschriebenen bekannten Lösung und zur Vermeidung der dort auftretenden Nachteile ist es das Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine einfache, platzsparende, wirtschaftlich zu betreibende und kostengünstige herzustellende Ziehvorrichtung zu schaffen, mit der das zu ziehende Werkstück in einfacher Weise eingefädelt und in mehreren Stufen toleranzhaltig reduziert werden kann.Starting from the known solution described and to avoid the disadvantages that occur there, the aim of the present invention is to provide a simple, To create space-saving, economically operated and inexpensive to produce pulling device with which the workpiece to be drawn can be threaded in a simple manner and reduced in tolerance in several stages.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, daß dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß die Ziehaggregate unabhängig voneinander derartig kraft- und/oder momentengeregelt antreibbar sind, daß während des Ziehvorganges in dem zwischen den Ziehaggregaten befindlichen Werkstückabschnitt stets eine definierte, ein Auslenken des Werkstückes aus der Geraden verhindernde Vorspannkraft aufrechterhalten wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird also zur Behebung der Nachteile des Standes der Technik vorgeschlagen, auf die Schlingenbildung zu verzichten, um so eine kompakte, übersichtliche und preiswerte Zieheinrichtungen zu erhalten.To solve this problem, a method is proposed that is characterized in that the drawing units can be driven independently of one another in such a force and / or torque-controlled manner that during the drawing process in the workpiece section located between the drawing units there is always a defined deflection of the workpiece from the Straight-line pre-tension is maintained. According to the invention, to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, it is proposed to dispense with loop formation in order to obtain a compact, clear and inexpensive pulling device.
In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, daß der Istwert der Ziehkraft permanent gemessen und mit einem in einem Rechner abgelegeten Vorgabewert verglichen wird und daß beim Über- oder Unterschreiten des Vorgabewertes ein Signal an den oder die Antriebe eines oder mehrerer Ziehaggregate gegeben wird, um die Ziehkraft an den Vorgabewert anzupassen.In one embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the actual value of the pulling force be measured permanently and compared with a preset value stored in a computer, and that when the preset value is exceeded or undershot, a signal is given to the drive or drives of one or more pulling units in order to Adjust the pulling force to the default value.
Vorzugsweise wird beim Einziehen des Rohres in das jeweilige Ziehaggregeat die Ziehkraft gemessen und als Vorgabe einer Rückhalte und/oder Zugkraft dem Rechner zugeführt, in dem in Überlagerung mit Beschleunigungsmomenten und Verlustmomenten der Ziehaggregate in Abhängigkeit von der momentanen Ziehgeschwindigkeit eine Grenzmomentenverlauf gebildet wird, der zur Regelung des Antriebes des oder der jeweiligen Ziehaggregate verwertet wird.When the pipe is pulled into the respective drawing unit, the drawing force is preferably measured and fed to the computer as a specification for a retention and / or tractive force, in which a superimposed torque curve is formed as a function of the momentary drawing speed, superimposed on acceleration moments and loss moments of the drawing units, which is used for regulation of the drive of the respective drawing unit is used.
Der Grenzmomentenverlauf soll sicherstellen, daß die Zugspannung zwischen zwei benachbarten Ziehaggregaten möglichst gering gehalten wird, so daß die Duktilität des Ziehgutes optimal genutzt werden kann. Die jeweilige Ziehgeschwindigkeit ergibt sich aus der Ziehgeschwindigkeit des vorausgehenden Aggregates und der Streckung des Ziehgutes im aktuelle Ziehaggregat. Da diese Streckung gewissen Toleranzen unterworfen ist, muß sichergestellt werden, daß es weder zu einem Überangebot an Ziehgut noch zu einer unzulässig hohen Zugkraft zwischen zwei benachbarten Ziehaggregaten kommt.The limit torque curve is intended to ensure that the tension between two adjacent drawing units is kept as low as possible, so that the ductility of the drawing material can be optimally used. The respective drawing speed results from the drawing speed of the preceding unit and the stretching of the drawing material in the current drawing unit. Since this stretching is subject to certain tolerances, it must be ensured that there is neither an oversupply of drawn material nor an impermissibly high tensile force between two adjacent drawing units.
Ein solches Überangebot würde sich al s Druckkraft am Ziehringhalter der nachfolgenden Maschine bemerkbar machen. Die Ziehkraft der Folgemaschine wird durch die Druckkraft am Ziehringhalter vermindert. Kommt es dagegen zu einem Unterangebot an Ziehgut, so tritt eine Zugkraft zwischen erster und zweiterMaschine bzw. ihren Ziehwagen auf. Ein solches Unterangebot würde sich durch eine Summenkrafterhöhung aus Zugkraft zwischen zwei Ziehmaschinen und Ziehkraft am Ziehringhalter bemerkbar machen. Die Geschwindigkeits- und Drehmomenten - Regelung für die Antriebsmotoren ist deshalb so zu gestalten, daß zwischen benachbarten Ziehaggregaten stets eine geringe Vorspannung im Ziehgut gewährleistet ist.Such an oversupply would be noticeable as a pressure force on the drawing ring holder of the following machine. The pulling force of the following machine is reduced by the pressure on the drawing ring holder. If, on the other hand, there is a shortage of drawn goods, a tensile force occurs between the first and second machines or their pull car. Such a sub-offer would be noticeable through an increase in the total force from the tensile force between two drawing machines and the tensile force on the drawing ring holder. The speed and torque regulation for the drive motors must therefore be designed in such a way that a slight pre-tension in the drawn material is always ensured between adjacent drawing units.
Die vorliegende Beschreibung der Kraftwirkung bezieht sich auf benachbarte Ziehmaschinen, deren Ziehringhalter in bekannter Weise starr mit der Maschine verbunden sind. Wird dagegen einer der Ziehringhalter, vorzugsweise der Halter der zweiten Maschine, die einer ersten Maschine folgt, in Abhängigkeit von der Summenkraft verfahrbar geregelt, so ändern sich auch die Kraftrichtungen.The present description of the force effect relates to adjacent drawing machines, the drawing ring holders of which are rigidly connected to the machine in a known manner. If, on the other hand, one of the drawing ring holders, preferably the holder of the second machine, which follows a first machine, is controlled to be movable as a function of the total force, the directions of force also change.
Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist deshalb dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Ziehringhalter eines Ziehaggregates mit einer Meßvorrichtung zur permanenten Erfassung der Ziehkraft versehen ist und der oder die Ziehringhalter in Abhängigkeit von dem Meßwert kraft- und/oder momentengeregelt in Längsrichtung des Werkstückes verfahrbar oder festklemmbar ist.A device for carrying out the method according to the invention is therefore characterized in that at least one drawing ring holder of a drawing unit is provided with a measuring device for the permanent detection of the drawing force and the drawing ring holder (s) can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece in a force and / or torque-controlled manner depending on the measured value can be clamped.
Tritt jetzt ein Überangebot an Ziehgut zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Maschinen auf, so wird sich durch das geregelte Verfahren des Ziehringhalters mit einer bestimmten Geschwindigkeit in Ziehrichtung die Zugkraft der folgenden Maschine erhöhen. Andererseits kann bei einem Unterangebot an Ziehgut durch gegenläufiges Verfahren des Ziehringhalters die Zugkraft abgesenkt werden.If there is an oversupply of drawn material between two successive machines, the controlled movement of the drawing ring holder at a certain speed in the direction of drawing will increase the tractive force of the following machine. On the other hand, if there is a shortage of drawing material, the pulling force can be reduced by moving the drawing ring holder in opposite directions.
Beim Einziehen des Rohres in das jeweilige Ziehaggregat wird die Ziehkraft gemessen und als Vorgabe der Halte- und Verfahreinrichtung für die jeweiligen Ziehringhalter vorgegeben. Wird die Einrichtung zum Halten und Verfahren des Ziehringhalters kraftabhängig so geregelt, das dieser gerade in Position bleibt, so wird jedes Überangebot an Ziehgut zu einer Bewegungstendenz des Ziehringhalters in Ziehrichtung führen. Verringert sich die gemessene Summenkraft durch die Bewegung des Ziehringhalters, so ist die Drehzahl des Antriebsmotors der Folgemaschine entsprechend zu erhöhen.
Ändert sich die gemessene Summenkraft durch ein solches Verfahren des Ziehringhalters nicht, so sind andere Gründe wie Ziehguttoleranzen oder Schmiereinflüsse die Ursache für die Erhöhung der Summenkraft und ihr kann durch Erhöhen der Haltekraft für den Ziehringhalter begegnet werden.
Da es beim Ziehen in der Praxis unvermeidlich ist, daß gelegentlich Reißer auftreten, können diese durch die permanenten Ziehkraftmeßeinrichtungen unmittelbar registriert werden und ein Öffnen aller Zieheinrichtungen bewirken.When the pipe is pulled into the respective drawing unit, the drawing force is measured and specified as the specification of the holding and moving device for the respective drawing ring holder. If the device for holding and moving the drawing ring holder is controlled in a force-dependent manner so that it remains in position, any excess supply of drawn material becomes a tendency for the drawing ring holder to move in Lead pull direction. If the total force measured decreases due to the movement of the drawing ring holder, the speed of the drive motor of the following machine must be increased accordingly.
If the total force measured does not change due to such a method of the drawing ring holder, other reasons such as tolerances of the drawing material or the influence of lubrication are the cause of the increase in the total force and can be countered by increasing the holding force for the drawing ring holder.
Since it is inevitable in practice that tears occasionally occur during pulling, these can be registered directly by the permanent pulling force measuring devices and cause all pulling devices to open.
Günstigerweise besteht die Meßvorrichtung aus einer zwischen Ziehringhalter und Ziehring angeordneten Kraftmeßdose.The measuring device advantageously consists of a load cell arranged between the drawing ring holder and the drawing ring.
Zur weiteren Absicherung eines geordneten Materialflusses wird nach einem anderen Merkmal der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, zur Erfassung eines ungewollten Ausweichens des Ziehgutes aus der Ziehachse optische Sensoren zwischen den Ziehaggregaten vorzusehen, die zum Regeln und/oder Abschalten der Antriebe mit dem Rechner verknüpft sind. Solche Lichtvorhänge zwischen zwei Ziehaggregaten zur Überwachung der Lage des Ziehgutes können sowohl zum zusätzlichen Überwachen von Rohrreißern genutzt werden, als auch zur zusätzlichen Kontrolle eines Materialüberangebotes zwischen zwei Ziehaggregaten.To further ensure an orderly material flow, it is proposed according to another feature of the invention to provide optical sensors between the drawing units for detecting an unwanted dodging of the drawing material from the drawing axis, which sensors are linked to the computer for regulating and / or switching off the drives. Such light curtains between two drawing units for monitoring the position of the material to be drawn can be used both for the additional monitoring of pipe rippers and for the additional control of a material oversupply between two drawing units.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ermöglicht darüber hinaus auch eine Verkürzung der Anfahrzeiten. Nach dem Stand der Technik ist es üblich, daß eine Hilfseinrichtung den angespitzten Rohranfang in mehreren Schritten soweit auszieht, daß die eigentliche(n) Zieheinrichtung(en) in der Lage ist (sind), das Rohr mit den Klemmbacken des ersten Ziehwagens voll zu erfassen, um die volle Ziehkraft auf das Rohr aufzubringen. Naturgemäß ist dieser Vorgang mit Verlustzeiten verbunden. Die erfindungsgemäß Einrichtung gestattet ein Verfahren, das durch die Abfolge folgender Arbeitsschritte gekennzeichnet ist:
- a. der verfahrbaren Ziehringhalter und der dem Ziehring zugewandte Spannschlitten des Ziehaggregeates werden in die Stellung verschoben, in der sie den geringsten Abstand zueinander aufweisen,
- b. der Werk stückanfang wird in den Ziehring eingeführt und mit einer vor dem Ziehaggregat angeordneten Hilfseinrichtung festgehalten,
- c. der Ziehringhalter wird mit dem Ziehring entgegen der Ziehrichtung zurückgefahren wodurch die Länge des eingezogenen Werkstückes verlängert wird,
- d. nach Öffnen der Hilfseinrichtung werden der Ziehringhalter und der Ziehring mit dem eingezogenen Werkstück in Ziehrichtung zurückbewegt und in die Spannbacken des Ziehschlittens des Ziehaggregates eingeführt und dort geklemmt.
- a. the movable drawing ring holder and the clamping slide of the drawing unit facing the drawing ring are moved into the position in which they are the smallest distance apart,
- b. the beginning of the workpiece is inserted into the drawing ring and held in place with an auxiliary device arranged in front of the drawing unit,
- c. the drawing ring holder is retracted with the drawing ring against the direction of drawing, thereby extending the length of the drawn-in workpiece,
- d. After opening the auxiliary device, the drawing ring holder and the drawing ring with the retracted workpiece are moved back in the drawing direction and inserted into the clamping jaws of the drawing slide of the drawing unit and clamped there.
Der Einziehvorgang wird also dann begonnen, wenn Ziehringhalter und vorderer Ziehschlitten ihre kürzest mögliche Entfernung zueinander haben. Wird nun gleichzeitig mit dem Einziehen des Rohre durch die Hilfseinrichtung der Ziehringhalter gegen Ziehrichtung unter Ziehkraft zurückgefahren, so verlängert sich die Länge des eingezogenen Rohres entsprechend. Hierdurch kann mit nur einmaligem Einziehen die Einziehoperation abgeschlossen und somit wesentlich verkürzt werden.The pulling-in process is therefore started when the pull ring holder and front pull slide have their shortest possible distance from each other. If the drawing device retracts the drawing ring holder against the direction of drawing under pulling force at the same time as the pipe is pulled in, the length of the pipe drawn in is extended accordingly. As a result, the pull-in operation can be completed with only one pull-in and thus be shortened considerably.
Vorzugsweise transportieren die beiden Ziehschlitten des Ziehaggregates das erfaßte Werkstück alternierend zu dem in Ziehrichtung folgenden Ziehring, wo sich der Einziehvorgang mit den Schritten a bis d wiederholt.The two drawing carriages of the drawing unit preferably transport the detected workpiece alternately to the drawing ring following in the drawing direction, where the drawing-in process is repeated with steps a to d.
Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels wird der Erfindungsgedanke näher erläutert. Die einzige Zeichnungsfigur zeigt die Anordnung zweier Ziehaggregate. Die Ziehringe (1, 2) sind mittels Kraftmeßdosen (5, 6) gegen die Ziehringhalter (3, 4) abgestützt. Die Ziehringhalter (3, 4) sind in eine Verfahrvorrichtung (7, 8) montiert, welche sich gegen einen Hydraulikzylinder (9, 10) abstützt. Gezogen wird das Ziehgut durch je zwei alternierend arbeitende Ziehschlitten (11, 12) und (13, 14), wobei die Klemmbacken (15, 16) dann geschlossen sind, wenn sie sich in Ziehrichtung bewegen und geöffnet, wenn sie gegen die Ziehrichtung zurücklaufen. Ziehkraft und alternierende Schlittenbewegung werden durch die Antriebsmotoren (17, 18) erzeugt. Zu Beginn eines Arbeitszyklus stehen die Ziehschlitten (11, 13) in ihrem vorderen Totpunkt. Die Ziehringhalter (3, 4) ihrerseits stehen in ihren hinteren Totpunkten, d. h. dicht vor den Ziehschlitten, (11, 13). Ein mit einer Angel versehener Ziehgutanfang wird durch den Ziehring (1) soweit hindurchgeschoben, daß eine sich in der Ebene des Ziehschlittens befindliche Hilfszieheinrichtung die Angel umspannen kann.The inventive concept is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. The only drawing figure shows the arrangement of two drawing units. The drawing rings (1, 2) are supported against the drawing ring holder (3, 4) by means of load cells (5, 6). The drawing ring holder (3, 4) is mounted in a travel device (7, 8) which is supported against a hydraulic cylinder (9, 10). The material to be drawn is drawn by two alternating pulling slides (11, 12) and (13, 14), the clamping jaws (15, 16) being closed when they move in the pulling direction and opened when they move back against the pulling direction. Pulling force and alternating slide movement are generated by the drive motors (17, 18). At the beginning of a work cycle, the pulling slides (11, 13) are at their front dead center. The drawing ring holder (3, 4) in turn are in their rear dead centers, ie close to the drawing slide (11, 13). A beginning of the drawing material provided with a rod is pushed through the drawing ring (1) to such an extent that an auxiliary pulling device located in the plane of the drawing carriage can span the rod.
Vorzugsweise bewegen sich Ziehringhalter (3) und Ziehschlitten (11) in gegensätzliche Richtung aus ihrer Totpunktposition und erzeugen so eine gezogene Rohrangel entsprechend der Summe beider Verfahrwege. Die Hilfsziehzange wird geöffnet und der Ziehringhalter bewegt sich in der Ziehrichtung bis zum Ausgangstotpunkt und transportiert hierbei das Ziehgut soweit vorwärts, daß es von den Spannbacken (15) des Ziehschlittens (11) gefaßt werden kann. Alternierend ziehen nun die Ziehschlitten (11, 13) das Ziehgut bis zum Ziehring (2). Im zweiten Ziehaggregat wird nun der Einziehvorgang wie für Ziehaggregat (1) beschrieben wiederholt. Zur Bestimmung der Ziehkraft im zweiten Ziehaggregat, ohne Beeinflussung durch das erste Aggregat werden die Spannbacken (15, 16) in den Ziehschlitten (11, 12) geöffnet und der Zylinder (9) druckfrei gemacht. Die gemessene Ziehkraft dient als Steuergröße für das Drehmoment des zweiten Ziehaggregates. Die Kraftmeßdose (6) ermitteln die Ziehkraft und teilen diese dem Regelmechanismus des Hydraulikzylinders (10) mit, der hierauf eine entsprechende Haltekraft auf den Ziehringhalter (4) ausübt.The drawing ring holder (3) and the drawing slide (11) preferably move in the opposite direction from their dead center position and thus produce a drawn pipe hinge corresponding to the sum of the two travel paths. The auxiliary pulling pliers are opened and the pull ring holder moves in the pulling direction to the starting dead center and in doing so transports the drawn material so far that it can be gripped by the clamping jaws (15) of the pulling slide (11). The pulling sled (11, 13) now alternately pull the material to be drawn up to the pull ring (2). In the second drawing unit, the drawing-in process is now repeated as described for drawing unit (1). To determine the drawing force in the second drawing unit, without being influenced by the first unit, the clamping jaws (15, 16) in the drawing slide (11, 12) are opened and the cylinder (9) is released from pressure. The measured pulling force serves as a control variable for the torque of the second pulling unit. The load cell (6) determines the pulling force and communicates this to the control mechanism of the hydraulic cylinder (10), which then exerts a corresponding holding force on the pulling ring holder (4).
Ein Rechnerprogramm stellt unter Berücksichtigung der Dynamik und Kinematik des Schlittenantriebs, der mechanischen Verluste und der gemessenen Ziehkraft dessen Drehmoment so ein, das einerseits die Duktilitätsgrenze des Ziehgutes um einen bestimmten Betrag unterschritten wird und daß das Ziehgut zwischen den beiden Ziehaggregaten einer geringen definierten Zugspannung ausgesetzt ist. Erhöht sich während des Ziehens die erforderliche Ziehkraft, so wird der Ziehringhalter (3) gegen den Zylinder (10) zurückgeschoben. Verringert sich hierdurch die Summenkraft an der Matrize wieder auf die beim Einziehen registrierte Größenordnung, so reicht die Ziehgeschwindigkeit im zweiten Aggregat nicht aus und die Drehzahl des Motors (18) muß erhöht werden. Verändert sich durch das Zurückweichen des Ziehringhalters (3) die erhöhte Summenkraft nicht entsprechend, so wird eine Veränderung der Ziehbedingungen durch Toleranzen oder Schmiermitteleinfluß vorliegen und die Drehmomentencharakteristik muß entsprechend korrigiert werden. Hat das Ziehgut den Ziehring (1) verlassen, so bricht dort die Ziehkraft zusammen, wonach die Geschwindigkeitsregelung für das zweite Ziehaggregat unabhängig vom ersten erfolgt. Im Falle eines Rohrreißers in einem der beiden Ziehaggregate wird die Ziehkraft in einem der beiden Ziehringe (1, 2) auf 0 zusammenbrechen und hiermit das Kommando geben: Alle Ziehbacken öffnen, Antriebsmotoren stoppen. Entweder vor dem ersten oder vor dem zweiten Ziehaggregat kann dann das Ziehgut neu geangelt werden. Sinngemäß ist dieser Funktionsablauf auf weitere nachgeschaltete Ziehaggregate anzuwenden. Eine Abtastrolle (19) auf dem Ziehgut mißt permanent die aktuelle Ziehgeschwindigkeit. Ist die so gemessene Ziehgeschwindigkeit kleiner als die aus den Ziehschlitten ermittelten, rutschen die Klemmbacken. Für die Geschwindigkeitsregelung sind dann die Werte der Abtastrolle maßgeblich. Die Geschwindigkeitsdifferenz kann ggf. zum Abbrechen des Ziehvorgangs zwecks Überprüfung der Klemmbedingungen genutzt werden. Ein Lichtvorhang (20) kontrolliert die Achslage des Ziehgutes. Kommt es zu einem durch die Regelung nicht mehr kontrollierbaren Überangebot an Ziehgut, versucht dieses auszuweichen oder gar auszuknicken. Dies wird registriert und zur Beeinflussung der Regelung oder zum Stillsetzen der Aggregate benutzt.A computer program, taking into account the dynamics and kinematics of the slide drive, the mechanical losses and the measured pulling force, adjusts its torque in such a way that the ductility limit of the drawn goods is below a certain amount and that the drawn goods between the two drawing units are exposed to a low defined tensile stress . If the required pulling force increases during pulling, the pull ring holder (3) is pushed back against the cylinder (10). If the total force on the die is thereby reduced to the order of magnitude registered during the drawing in, the drawing speed in the second unit is insufficient and the speed of the motor (18) must be increased. If the increased total force does not change due to the retraction of the drawing ring holder (3), there will be a change in the drawing conditions due to tolerances or the influence of lubricant and the torque characteristics must be corrected accordingly. If the drawing material has left the drawing ring (1), the drawing force breaks down there, after which the speed control for the second drawing unit takes place independently of the first. In the case of a pipe ripper in one of the two drawing units, the drawing force in one of the two drawing rings (1, 2) will collapse to 0 and give the command: open all drawing jaws, stop drive motors. The drawn material can then be re-fished either before the first or before the second drawing unit will. This functional sequence is to be applied analogously to further downstream drawing units. A scanning roller (19) on the drawing material permanently measures the current drawing speed. If the pulling speed measured in this way is lower than that determined from the pulling slide, the clamping jaws slip. The values of the scanning roller are then decisive for the speed control. The speed difference can, if necessary, be used to abort the pulling process in order to check the clamping conditions. A light curtain (20) controls the axial position of the drawn goods. If there is an oversupply of drawn material that can no longer be controlled by the regulation, this tries to avoid or even buckle it. This is registered and used to influence the control or to shut down the units.
Claims (8)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Ziehaggregate unabhängig voneinander derartig kraft- und/oder momentengeregelt antreibbar sind, daß während des Ziehvorganges in dem zwischen den Ziehaggregaten befindlichen Werkstückabschnitt stets eine definierte, ein Auslenken des Werkstückes aus der Geraden verhindernde Vorspannkraft aufrechterhalten wird.Method for drawing elongated metallic workpieces, in particular tubes for reducing the cross-section in more than one drawing stage by means of at least two successive drawing units, each gripping the workpiece on the outer circumference, with two alternatingly moving clamping slides, which continuously feed the workpiece through one drawing unit each, in a drawing ring holder pull the arranged pull ring,
characterized,
that the drawing units can be driven independently of one another in such a force and / or torque-controlled manner that a defined pretensioning force which prevents deflection of the workpiece from the straight line is always maintained in the workpiece section between the drawing units during the drawing process.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Istwert der Ziehkraft permanent gemessen und mit einem in einem Rechner abgelegeten Vorgabewert verglichen wird, daß beim Über- oder Unterschreiten des Vorgabewertes ein Signal an den oder die Antriebe eines oder mehrerer Ziehaggregate gegeben wird, um die Ziehkraft an den Vorgabewert anzupassenMethod for drawing elongated metallic workpieces, according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the actual value of the pulling force is permanently measured and compared with a preset value stored in a computer, that a signal is sent to the drive or drives of one or more pulling units in order to adapt the pulling force to the preset value if the preset value is exceeded or undershot
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß beim Einziehen des Rohres in das jeweilige Ziehaggregeat die Ziehkraft gemessen und als Vorgabe einer Rückhalte und/oder Zugkraft dem Rechner zugeführt wird, in dem in Überlagerung mit Beschleunigungsmomenten und Verlustmomenten der Ziehaggregate in Abhängigkeit von der momentanen Ziehgeschwindigkeit eine Grenzmomentenverlauf gebildet wird, der zur Regelung des Antriebes des oder der jeweiligen Ziehaggregate verwertet wird.Method for drawing elongated metallic workpieces, according to claim 2,
characterized,
that when the pipe is pulled into the respective drawing unit, the drawing force is measured and fed to the computer as a specification for a retention and / or tractive force, in which a superimposed torque curve is formed as a function of the momentary drawing speed, overlapping with acceleration moments and loss moments of the drawing units, which is used for regulation of the drive of the respective drawing unit is used.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß mindestens ein Ziehringhalter (3,4) eines Ziehaggregates (A,B) mit einer Meßvorrichtung (5,6) zur permanenten Erfassung der Ziehkraft versehen ist und der oder die Ziehringhalter (3,4) in Abhängigkeit von dem Meßwert kraft- und/oder momentengeregelt in Längsrichtung (7,8) des Werkstückes verfahrbar oder festklemmbar ist(sind).Device for drawing elongated metallic workpieces, in particular tubes for reducing the cross-section in more than one drawing stage by means of at least two successive drawing units, which grip the workpiece on the outer circumference, with two alternately moving clamping slides, which continuously arrange the workpiece in a drawing ring holder, each associated with each drawing unit Pull ring,
characterized,
that at least one drawing ring holder (3, 4) of a drawing unit (A, B) is provided with a measuring device (5, 6) for permanent detection of the drawing force, and the drawing ring holder (s) (3, 4) as a function of the measured value is force and / or is torque-controlled in the longitudinal direction (7,8) of the workpiece or can be clamped.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Meßvorrichtung (5,6) aus einer zwischen Ziehringhalter (3,4) und Ziehring (1,2) angeordneten Kraftmeßdose besteht.Device for drawing elongated metallic workpieces according to claim 4,
characterized,
that the measuring device (5,6) consists of a load cell arranged between the drawing ring holder (3,4) and drawing ring (1,2).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zur Erfassung eines ungewollten Ausweichens des Werkstückes aus der Ziehachse optische Sensoren (20) zwischen den Ziehaggregaten (A,B) vorgesehen sind, die zum Regeln und/oder Abschalten der Antriebe (17,18) mit dem Rechner verknüpft sind.Device for drawing elongated metallic workpieces according to claim 5,
characterized,
that optical sensors (20) are provided between the drawing units (A, B) for detecting an unwanted deflection of the workpiece from the drawing axis, which sensors are linked to the computer for regulating and / or switching off the drives (17, 18).
gekennzeichnet durch die Abfolge folgender Arbeitsschritte:
characterized by the sequence of the following steps:
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die beiden Ziehschlitten des Ziehaggregates das erfaßte Werkstück alternierend zu dem in Ziehrichtung folgenden Ziehring transportieren, wo sich der Einziehvorgang mit den Schritten a bis d wiederholt.Method for threading an elongated workpiece into a device for drawing elongated metallic workpieces according to claim 7,
characterized,
that the two drawing carriages of the drawing unit transport the detected workpiece alternately to the drawing ring following in the drawing direction, where the drawing-in process is repeated with steps a to d.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19544383A DE19544383C1 (en) | 1995-11-15 | 1995-11-15 | Method and device for pulling straight and threading long drawn goods in several steps |
| DE19544383 | 1995-11-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0774306A1 true EP0774306A1 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
| EP0774306B1 EP0774306B1 (en) | 2001-07-25 |
Family
ID=7778633
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96250248A Expired - Lifetime EP0774306B1 (en) | 1995-11-15 | 1996-10-31 | Method and device for the straight-drawing of material in several steps |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5771727A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0774306B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE203434T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19544383C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2158237T3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110153207A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-08-23 | 上海北特科技股份有限公司 | Bar vertical bar continuous draw-off gear and the bar drawing method realized using it |
| CN111515319A (en) * | 2020-04-19 | 2020-08-11 | 金成高 | A prestressing force steel stretching device for construction |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2800652A1 (en) * | 1999-11-04 | 2001-05-11 | Financ Robolix | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE QUALITY OF FORMING CARRIED OUT BY A MACHINE FOR FORMING TUBE ENDS |
| CN1099331C (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2003-01-22 | 清华大学 | Electronic method and equipment for drawing wire of elastic alloy |
| JP4267221B2 (en) | 2001-01-18 | 2009-05-27 | 日本伸管株式会社 | Method and apparatus for continuous drawing of long objects |
| DE10122657B4 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2006-07-13 | Sms Meer Gmbh | Traction unit for a drawing machine and method for drawing a drawn material with this traction unit and discontinuous drawing machine |
| DE10122658C2 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2003-05-28 | Sms Meer Gmbh | Pulling unit for pulling elongated material and drawing line |
| KR100903956B1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | (주)대신제일 | Multi drawing apparatus |
| AT507273B1 (en) * | 2008-09-14 | 2014-03-15 | Sms Meer Gmbh | DEGRADING MACHINE AND METHOD FOR EQUIPPING A WORKPIECE |
| DE102013021675A1 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2015-07-02 | Joachim Graefe | Profiles and pipes continuously integrated shapes |
| DE102016106026B3 (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-05 | Sms Group Gmbh | Drawing systems and drawing processes |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3798939A (en) * | 1971-06-30 | 1974-03-26 | O Mertens | Method and means for regulating the tensioning of workpieces in multi-pass cold-drawing apparatus |
| EP0182922A1 (en) | 1984-10-19 | 1986-06-04 | Schumag Aktiengesellschaft | Method of straight-drawing round material and tube, and solid and hollow profiles, and installation therefor |
| US4662203A (en) * | 1984-09-20 | 1987-05-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Multistage wire drawing apparatus |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3138243A (en) * | 1962-04-02 | 1964-06-23 | Oakley Ind Inc | Drawing apparatus |
| DE1930700B2 (en) * | 1969-06-18 | 1971-01-28 | ||
| US4127999A (en) * | 1974-12-19 | 1978-12-05 | Th. Kieserling & Albrecht | Gripping arrangement |
| DE2600898C3 (en) * | 1976-01-12 | 1980-08-28 | Th. Kieserling & Albrecht, 5650 Solingen | Tensioning and extraction device for peeling machines and drawing benches |
| DE2806380C3 (en) * | 1978-02-13 | 1980-11-06 | Mannesmann Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf | Slide drawing machine |
| DE3729892A1 (en) * | 1987-09-07 | 1989-03-23 | Kieserling Ziehmaschinen | DRAWING MACHINE |
-
1995
- 1995-11-15 DE DE19544383A patent/DE19544383C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-10-31 EP EP96250248A patent/EP0774306B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-31 DE DE59607353T patent/DE59607353D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-31 ES ES96250248T patent/ES2158237T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-31 AT AT96250248T patent/ATE203434T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-11-15 US US08/749,819 patent/US5771727A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3798939A (en) * | 1971-06-30 | 1974-03-26 | O Mertens | Method and means for regulating the tensioning of workpieces in multi-pass cold-drawing apparatus |
| US4662203A (en) * | 1984-09-20 | 1987-05-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Multistage wire drawing apparatus |
| EP0182922A1 (en) | 1984-10-19 | 1986-06-04 | Schumag Aktiengesellschaft | Method of straight-drawing round material and tube, and solid and hollow profiles, and installation therefor |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110153207A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-08-23 | 上海北特科技股份有限公司 | Bar vertical bar continuous draw-off gear and the bar drawing method realized using it |
| CN111515319A (en) * | 2020-04-19 | 2020-08-11 | 金成高 | A prestressing force steel stretching device for construction |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5771727A (en) | 1998-06-30 |
| EP0774306B1 (en) | 2001-07-25 |
| DE19544383C1 (en) | 1997-04-10 |
| ES2158237T3 (en) | 2001-09-01 |
| DE59607353D1 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
| ATE203434T1 (en) | 2001-08-15 |
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