EP0769213B1 - High-frequency impedance transformer - Google Patents

High-frequency impedance transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0769213B1
EP0769213B1 EP95924356A EP95924356A EP0769213B1 EP 0769213 B1 EP0769213 B1 EP 0769213B1 EP 95924356 A EP95924356 A EP 95924356A EP 95924356 A EP95924356 A EP 95924356A EP 0769213 B1 EP0769213 B1 EP 0769213B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
line portion
coupling
secondary line
adaptation circuit
circuit according
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0769213A1 (en
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Bernard Cunin
Paul Geist
Alphonse Martz
Joseph-Albert Miehe
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Communaute Europeenne
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Communaute Europeenne
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/04—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with variable factor of coupling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of transmission signals between devices or circuits with different physical and electrical characteristics and requiring an adaptation, and relates to a coupling circuit and adapter intended to link together a low-voltage device output impedance and a device with very high input impedance, for the transmission of high frequency and microwave signals.
  • Slit-scanning cameras operating in synchronous scanning also called “synchroscan” are often used to observe recurrent light phenomena which repeat with a constant frequency f 0 of the order of a hundred megahertz (MHz).
  • Part of the light signal to be analyzed is converted by a fast photodiode 3 into a voltage of period 1 / f 0 which is shaped, then multiplied in frequency by a suitable circuit 4
  • the harmonic of rank n is then isolated by a bandpass filter 5, injected into a power amplifier 6 and, finally, applied to the deflection plates 7, 7 'of the scanning circuit 2' by through an adaptation unit 8, currently presenting in the form of a selective impedance transformer whose role is to optimize the power transfer between amplifier 6 and the scanning circuit 2 '.
  • V (t) V 0 sin (2 ⁇ nf 0 t) with n ⁇ 1
  • the amplitude V 0 is adjusted so that the power dissipated in the tube is close to the maximum allowed ( ⁇ 5 W)
  • the parameter n it is often taken equal to the unit (nf 0 ⁇ 100 MHz) because the realization of the adaptation transformer 8 is simpler: the time resolution is then about 1.5 ps.
  • type transformers magnetic employed at 100 MHz are unusable and cannot be adapted to the level of their secondary, due to its own inductance.
  • This known device also includes a device for adjusting the degree of coupling between primary and secondary by approximation or distance of the primary and secondary conductors in the coupling zone.
  • this coupling device does not allow a impedance matching between a circuit connected to the primary and a circuit connected to the secondary, which have markedly different impedances.
  • this known coupling device has no means allowing to reach an agreement at the secondary level.
  • the problem posed by the present invention therefore consists in design and realize a coupling and adaptation circuit, of simple structure, space-saving, ensuring high-frequency signal transmission and microwave (from a few tens of MHz to a few GHz) between two non-tuned and unsuitable devices with very high impedances different, especially between a high frequency amplifier or generator of a scanning synchronization loop and scanning device or circuit built-in or the deflection plates of a working slot scan camera in "synchroscan" mode.
  • the coupling and adaptation circuit to be designed must can also be awarded at the secondary level, depending on the device connected to the latter.
  • the present invention relates to a coupling circuit and adaptation for the transmission of high frequency and microwave signals, consisting, on the one hand, by two portions of lines having parts arranged parallel and weakly coupled together and, on the other hand, by a plane of mass arranged parallel to the secondary line portion and capable of part of a shielding envelope surrounding said coupling circuit and adaptation circuit characterized in that it further comprises a means of relative displacement of the secondary line portion with respect to the ground plane and / or variation in the length of the secondary line portion located opposite of said ground plane and in that it interconnects a low impedance device output and a device with very high input impedance relative to the aforementioned device, the portion of primary line, forming a short circuit, being connected to the low impedance device output and the secondary line portion being connected to the device with very high input impedance relative to the device connected to the primary.
  • the coupling and adaptation circuit 8 for high signal transmission frequency and microwave consists, on the one hand, by two portions of lines 9, 10 having parts 9 ', 10' arranged parallel and slightly coupled together and, on the other hand, by a ground plane 11 arranged in parallel to the portion of secondary line 10 and which may be part of an envelope of shield 11 'surrounding said coupling and adaptation circuit 8.
  • said circuit 8 further comprises a means 12 of relative displacement of the secondary line portion 10 relative to in ground plane 11 and / or in variation of the length of the line portion secondary 10 located opposite said ground plane 11 and interconnects a device 6 with low output impedance and device 2; 7, 7 'at impedance relatively high input, the primary line portion 9, forming a short circuit, being connected to device 6 with low output impedance and the line portion secondary 10 being connected to the device with relatively high input impedance.
  • the circuit 8 of coupling and adaptation also includes means 13, 13 ' relative displacement, in terms of spacing distance, of the primary line portion 9 relative to the line portion secondary 10 or vice versa, especially their respective parts 9 'and 10' opposite, thus making it possible to adjust the degree of coupling between the two portions of lines 9 and 10 and therefore the transformation ratio k, between primary and secondary, with adaptation of the RS output resistance of device 6 with the input resistance R'S + R'P of the device 7, 7 ', due to losses ohmic and dielectric.
  • the sum LG2 of the values of the inductances of the device 7, 7 'with very high impedance d 'input, connection wires 14, 14' and a possible auxiliary self-inductance coil 15 is fixed in such a way that: where CG2 corresponds to the overall capacity of the device 7, 7 'with very high input impedance, connection wires 14, 14' and the portion of secondary line 10 and ⁇ corresponds to the pulsation or angular frequency of the transmitted signals ( See Figures 2 and 3).
  • the midpoint 16 of the secondary line portion 10 can advantageously be brought to the ground, for example by connection to the ground plane 11.
  • the agreement at the secondary level can be achieved, by example, either by means of adjusting the length of the secondary line portion 10 located in the housing constituted by the shielding envelope 11 ′, these members being able to be arranged on the external face of said box and level of the output of the lines of connection 14, 14 'or ends of the line portion secondary 10 (passing through the armored box at an 11 "zone made of an insulating material), either by a displacement system by translation of said ground plane 11 relative to the portion of secondary line 10 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the part 10 '.
  • the means 12 for relative displacement of the portion of the secondary line 10 with respect to the ground plane 11 consists of a bending deformation of said ground plane 11.
  • the primary line portion 9 is mounted on a support 13 can be moved or tilted, for example by deformation, in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of parts 9 'and 10' of the primary 9 and secondary 10 line portions parallel to each other, by actuating a member 13 'for adjusting the position of said support 13.
  • the organs 12 and 13 'of deformation and position adjustment consist of low pitch screws, housed in fixed insulating supports 17, 17 ', each provided with at least one corresponding threaded orifice, the heads said screws being advantageously located outside of the shielding envelope 11 ′ so as to facilitate accessibility thereof and manual adjustment.
  • the coupling circuit 8 and adaptation according to the invention is more particularly intended to be integrated into a scan 2 synchronization loop connected to deflection plates 7, 7 'or to the scanning circuit of a camera 1 to slot scanning operating in synchronous scanning mode, the ends of the secondary line portion 10 being connected respectively via connection lines 14, 14 'to one of the two deflection plates 7 or 7 'of said camera 1 ( Figures 1 and 2).
  • Circuit 8 is essentially made up of two sections or portions of air microstrip type lines which are parallel on a length of about 3 cm and weakly coupled.
  • the second line 10 (or secondary) is connected to the deflection assembly, in particular at the plates 7, 7 ′, and its point medium 16 is grounded to increase the rate of rejection of the common mode.
  • This decoupling of the scanning circuit 2 ' compared to the other camera tube electrodes 1 is interesting especially when one of them is pulsed.
  • ground plane 11 is part integral with an external electromagnetic shielding 11 'which avoids radiation losses (this shielding is only represented by broken lines in Figure 2 so as not to complicate the drawing).
  • the characteristic impedance Z1 and the length of the line primary 9 are low enough that its equivalent inductance L1 is negligible in front of RS.
  • the screw 13 makes it possible to modify the separation of the two parts 9 'and 10' opposite said portions 9 and 10 of lines and therefore the degree of coupling (weak) between primary and secondary: we can describe this effect by a step-down transformer perfect, with adjustable k ratio ( ⁇ 0.1).
  • the amplifier assembly 6 / circuit 8 / deflection circuit (plates 7, 7 ') is equivalent to the quadrupole shown in Figure 3.
  • LG2 designates the overall inductance which integrates that of the wires or connection lines 14, 14 ′ and, if necessary, that of an auxiliary choke 15; it is chosen such that:
  • the coupling and adaptation circuit 8 has therefore been produced in using techniques specific to circuits operating in high frequencies and microwave, in particular, using loosely coupled "microstrip" or microstrip lines by electric field. This design guarantees a space requirement reduced and negligible losses provided that the radiation by an external shielding 11 '.
  • the judicious choice of geometric parameters of the secondary line 10 makes it possible to decrease sufficiently inductance L2 so that the image converter tube of the camera 2 can operate at a frequency very close to its resonance.

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  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Details Of Television Scanning (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Filters And Equalizers (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine de la transmission des signaux entre appareils ou circuits présentant des caractéristiques physiques et électriques différentes et nécessitant une adaptation, et a pour objet un circuit de couplage et d'adaptation destiné à relier entre eux un dispositif à faible impédance de sortie et un dispositif à très forte impédance d'entrée, pour la transmission de signaux haute fréquence et hyperfréquence.The present invention relates to the field of transmission signals between devices or circuits with different physical and electrical characteristics and requiring an adaptation, and relates to a coupling circuit and adapter intended to link together a low-voltage device output impedance and a device with very high input impedance, for the transmission of high frequency and microwave signals.

Bien que l'invention ne soit pas limitée dans ses applications à des types spécifiques de dispositifs à relier, elle sera décrite ci-après plus particulièrement dans le cadre d'une mise en oeuvre en rapport avec une caméra à balayage de fente.Although the invention is not limited in its applications to specific types of devices to be connected, it will be described below more particularly in the context of an implementation in compared to a slit scan camera.

Les caméras à balayage de fente fonctionnant en balayage synchrone, également appelée "synchroscan", sont souvent utilisées pour observer des phénomènes lumineux récurrents qui se répètent avec une fréquence constante f0 de l'ordre d'une centaine de mégahertz (MHz).Slit-scanning cameras operating in synchronous scanning, also called "synchroscan", are often used to observe recurrent light phenomena which repeat with a constant frequency f 0 of the order of a hundred megahertz (MHz).

Ce mode de fonctionnement est très intéressant car il présente différents avantages majeurs, à savoir que:

  • la sensibilité de mesure est très élevée puisque la trace lumineuse sur l'écran résulte de l'accumulation d'un grand nombre de traces élémentaires,
  • la tension V(t) appliquée aux plaques de déflexion du tube convertisseur d'images est sinusoïdale et, de ce fait, son élaboration est plus aisée que celle d'une rampe linéaire,
  • elle est relativement peu sensible aux fluc ations de phase du signal lumineux.
This operating mode is very interesting because it has various major advantages, namely that:
  • the measurement sensitivity is very high since the light trace on the screen results from the accumulation of a large number of elementary traces,
  • the voltage V (t) applied to the deflection plates of the image converter tube is sinusoidal and, therefore, its development is easier than that of a linear ramp,
  • it is relatively insensitive to phase fluctuations in the light signal.

Le schéma fonctionnel d'une telle caméra 1 et de sa boucle de synchronisation 2 de son circuit de balayage 2' est reproduit sur la figure 1 des dessins annexés. The functional diagram of such a camera 1 and of its loop synchronization 2 of its scanning circuit 2 'is reproduced on the Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.

Une partie du signal lumineux à analyser est convertie par une photodiode rapide 3 en une tension de période 1/f0 qui est mise en forme, puis multipliée en fréquence par un circuit adapté 4Part of the light signal to be analyzed is converted by a fast photodiode 3 into a voltage of period 1 / f 0 which is shaped, then multiplied in frequency by a suitable circuit 4

L'harmonique de rang n est ensuite isolé par un filtre passe-bande 5, injecté dans un amplificateur de puissance 6 et, enfin, appliqué aux plaques de déflexion 7, 7' du circuit de balayage 2' par l'intermédiaire d'une unité d'adaptation 8, se présentant actuellement sous la forme d'un transformateur d'impédance sélectif dont le rôle est d'optimiser le transfert de puissance entre l'amplificateur 6 et le circuit de balayage 2'.The harmonic of rank n is then isolated by a bandpass filter 5, injected into a power amplifier 6 and, finally, applied to the deflection plates 7, 7 'of the scanning circuit 2' by through an adaptation unit 8, currently presenting in the form of a selective impedance transformer whose role is to optimize the power transfer between amplifier 6 and the scanning circuit 2 '.

La différence de potentiel V(t) développée aux bornes des plaques de déflexion 7, 7' est donc de la forme: V(t) = V0sin(2πnf0t) avec n ≥ 1 The potential difference V (t) developed across the deflection plates 7, 7 'is therefore of the form: V (t) = V 0 sin (2πnf 0 t) with n ≥ 1

Pour les sensibilités de déviation habituelles (< 300 V/cm) et pour une amplitude V0 assez élevée (∼ 1 kV) on peut considérer que la déviation du faisceau électronique dans un champ de 1,5 cm de rayon est une fonction quasi-linéaire du temps.For the usual deflection sensitivities (<300 V / cm) and for a fairly high amplitude V 0 (∼ 1 kV) it can be considered that the deflection of the electron beam in a field of 1.5 cm radius is an almost linear of time.

Actuellement la résolution temporelle des caméras dites "synchroscan" est principalement déterminée par la résolution spatiale dynamique du tube (∼ 60µm) divisée par la vitesse de déflexion.Currently the time resolution of so-called cameras "synchroscan" is mainly determined by the resolution dynamic spatial distribution of the tube (∼ 60µm) divided by the speed of deflection.

Cette dernière étant proportionnelle à la dérivée temporelle de la tension V(t), il est évident que l'on a intérêt à optimiser le produit nV0.The latter being proportional to the time derivative of the voltage V (t), it is obvious that there is interest in optimizing the product nV 0 .

En général, l'amplitude V0 est réglée de manière à ce que la puissance dissipée dans le tube soit voisine du maximum autorisé (∼ 5 W) Quant au paramètre n, il est souvent pris égal à l'unité (nf0 ∼ 100 MHz) car la réalisation du transformateur d'adaptation 8 est plus simple: la résolution temporelle est alors d'environ 1,5 ps.In general, the amplitude V 0 is adjusted so that the power dissipated in the tube is close to the maximum allowed (∼ 5 W) As for the parameter n, it is often taken equal to the unit (nf 0 ∼ 100 MHz) because the realization of the adaptation transformer 8 is simpler: the time resolution is then about 1.5 ps.

En pratique, la fréquence de balayage est limitée supérieurement par la résonance du tube qui se situe habituellement entre 500 et 600 MHz. Il s'ensuit que sa valeur maximale correspond à : n = 5, valeur pour laquelle la résolution théorique est inférieure à 500 fs. Or, dans ce domaine de fréquence, les transformateurs de type magnétique employés à 100 MHz sont inutilisables et ne peuvent être adaptés au niveau de leur secondaire, du fait de l'inductance propre de ce dernier.In practice, the scanning frequency is limited superiorly by the resonance of the tube which is usually located between 500 and 600 MHz. It follows that its maximum value corresponds to: n = 5, value for which the theoretical resolution is less than 500 fs. Now, in this frequency domain, type transformers magnetic employed at 100 MHz are unusable and cannot be adapted to the level of their secondary, due to its own inductance.

On connaít déjà par le document US-A-3 166 723 un dispositif de couplage bidirectionnel pour la transmission de signaux haute fréquence et hyperfréquence constitué par deux portions de lignes présentant des parties disposées parallèlement et faiblement couplées entre-elles et par un plan de masse disposé parallèlement à la portion des ligne secondaire et pouvant faire partie d'une enveloppe de blindage entourant ledit circuit.Document US-A-3,166,723 already discloses a device for bidirectional coupling for transmission of high frequency signals and microwave consisting of two portions of lines having parts arranged in parallel and weakly coupled together and by a ground plane arranged parallel to the portion of the secondary lines and which may be part a shielding envelope surrounding said circuit.

Ce dispositif connu comporte également un dispositif de réglage du degré de couplage entre le primaire et le secondaire par rapprochement ou éloignement des conducteurs primaire et secondaire dans la zone de couplage.This known device also includes a device for adjusting the degree of coupling between primary and secondary by approximation or distance of the primary and secondary conductors in the coupling zone.

Toutefois, ce dispositif de couplage ne permet pas de réaliser une adaptation d'impédance entre un circuit relié au primaire et un circuit relié au secondaire, qui présentent des impédances nettement différentes.However, this coupling device does not allow a impedance matching between a circuit connected to the primary and a circuit connected to the secondary, which have markedly different impedances.

De plus, ce dispositif de couplage connu ne comporte aucun moyen permettant de réaliser un accord au niveau du secondaire.In addition, this known coupling device has no means allowing to reach an agreement at the secondary level.

Le problème posé à la présente invention consiste, par conséquent, à concevoir et à réaliser un circuit de couplage et d'adaptation, de structure simple, peu encombrant, permettant d'assurer la transmission de signaux haute fréquence et hyperfréquence (de quelques dizaines de MHz à quelques GHz) entre deux dispositifs non accordés et non adaptés, présentant des impédances très différentes, notamment entre un amplificateur ou générateur haute fréquence d'une boucle de synchronisation du balayage et le dispositif ou circuit de balayage intégré ou les plaques de déviation d'une caméra à balayage de fente fonctionnant en mode dit "synchroscan".The problem posed by the present invention therefore consists in design and realize a coupling and adaptation circuit, of simple structure, space-saving, ensuring high-frequency signal transmission and microwave (from a few tens of MHz to a few GHz) between two non-tuned and unsuitable devices with very high impedances different, especially between a high frequency amplifier or generator of a scanning synchronization loop and scanning device or circuit built-in or the deflection plates of a working slot scan camera in "synchroscan" mode.

En outre, le circuit de couplage et d'adaptation à concevoir devra également pouvoir être accordé au niveau de son secondaire, en fonction du dispositif relié à ce dernier.In addition, the coupling and adaptation circuit to be designed must can also be awarded at the secondary level, depending on the device connected to the latter.

A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet un circuit de couplage et d'adaptation pour la transmission de signaux haute fréquencc et hyperfréquence, constitué, d'une part, par deux portions de lignes présentant des parties disposées parallèlement et faiblement couplées entre-elles et, d'autre part, par un plan de masse disposé parallèlement à la portion de ligne secondaire et pouvant faire partie d'une enveloppe de blindage entourant ledit circuit de couplage et d'adaptation, circuit caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, en outre, un moyen de déplacement relatif de la portion de ligne secondaire par rapport au plan de masse et/ou de variation de la longueur de la portion de ligne secondaire située en regard dudit plan de masse et en ce qu'il relie entre-eux un dispositif à faible impédance de sortie et un dispositif à très forte impédance d'entrée par rapport au dispositif précité, la portion de ligne primaire, formant court-circuit, étant reliée au dispositif à faible impédance de sortie et la portion de ligne secondaire étant reliée au dispositif à très forte impédance d'entrée par rapport au dispositif relié au primaire.To this end, the present invention relates to a coupling circuit and adaptation for the transmission of high frequency and microwave signals, consisting, on the one hand, by two portions of lines having parts arranged parallel and weakly coupled together and, on the other hand, by a plane of mass arranged parallel to the secondary line portion and capable of part of a shielding envelope surrounding said coupling circuit and adaptation circuit characterized in that it further comprises a means of relative displacement of the secondary line portion with respect to the ground plane and / or variation in the length of the secondary line portion located opposite of said ground plane and in that it interconnects a low impedance device output and a device with very high input impedance relative to the aforementioned device, the portion of primary line, forming a short circuit, being connected to the low impedance device output and the secondary line portion being connected to the device with very high input impedance relative to the device connected to the primary.

L'invention sera mieux comprise, grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à des modes de réalisation préférés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et expliqués aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une caméra à balayage de fente fonctionnant en mode dit "synchroscan" ensemble avec sa boucle de synchronisation du balayage;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'un circuit de couplage et d'adaptation selon l'invention, relié aux deux dispositifs à accorder, et,
  • la figure 3 est un schéma électrique équivalent de l'ensemble [dispositif à faible impédance de sortie (amplificateur ou générateur HF) -circuit de couplage et d'adaptation- dispositif à très forte impédance d'entrée], représenté à la figure 2.
    • The invention will be better understood from the following description, which relates to preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting examples, and explained in the appended schematic drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a slot scanning camera operating in so-called "synchroscan" mode together with its scanning synchronization loop;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a coupling and adaptation circuit according to the invention, connected to the two devices to be tuned, and,
  • FIG. 3 is an equivalent electrical diagram of the assembly [device with low output impedance (amplifier or HF generator) - coupling and adaptation circuit - device with very high input impedance], represented in FIG. 2.

    • Comme le montre notamment la figure 2 des dessins annexés, le circuit 8 de couplage et d'adaptation pour la transmission de signaux haute fréquence et hyperfréquence, est constitué, d'une part, par deux portions de lignes 9, 10 présentant des parties 9', 10' disposées parallèlement et faiblement couplées entre-elles et, d'autre part, par un plan de masse 11 disposé parallèlement à la portion de ligne secondaire 10 et pouvant faire partie d'une enveloppe de blindage 11' entourant ledit circuit 8 de couplage et d'adaptation.As shown in particular in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings, the coupling and adaptation circuit 8 for high signal transmission frequency and microwave, consists, on the one hand, by two portions of lines 9, 10 having parts 9 ', 10' arranged parallel and slightly coupled together and, on the other hand, by a ground plane 11 arranged in parallel to the portion of secondary line 10 and which may be part of an envelope of shield 11 'surrounding said coupling and adaptation circuit 8.

    Conformément à l'invention, ledit circuit 8 comporte, en outre, un moyen 12 de déplacement relatif de la portion de ligne secondaire 10 par rapport au plan de masse 11 et/ou de variation de la longueur de la portion de ligne secondaire 10 située en regard dudit plan de masse 11 et relie entre-eux un dispositif 6 à faible impédance de sortie et un dispositif 2 ; 7, 7' à impédance d'entrée relativement élevée, la portion de ligne primaire 9, formant court-circuit, étant reliée au dispositif 6 à faible impédance de sortie et la portion de ligne secondaire 10 étant reliée au dispositif à impédance d'entrée relativement élevée.According to the invention, said circuit 8 further comprises a means 12 of relative displacement of the secondary line portion 10 relative to in ground plane 11 and / or in variation of the length of the line portion secondary 10 located opposite said ground plane 11 and interconnects a device 6 with low output impedance and device 2; 7, 7 'at impedance relatively high input, the primary line portion 9, forming a short circuit, being connected to device 6 with low output impedance and the line portion secondary 10 being connected to the device with relatively high input impedance.

    Selon une première caractéristique de l'invention, le circuit 8 de couplage et d'adaptation comprend également des moyens 13, 13' de déplacement relatif, en termes de distance d'espacement, de la portion de ligne primaire 9 par rapport à la portion de ligne secondaire 10 ou réciproquement, plus particulièrement de leurs parties 9' et 10' respectives en regard, permettant ainsi de régler le degré de couplage entre les deux portions de lignes 9 et 10 et donc le rapport de transformation k, entre primaire et secondaire, avec adaptation de la résistance de sortie RS du dispositif 6 avec le résistance d'entrée R'S + R'P du dispositif 7, 7', due aux pertes ohmiques et diélectriques.According to a first characteristic of the invention, the circuit 8 of coupling and adaptation also includes means 13, 13 ' relative displacement, in terms of spacing distance, of the primary line portion 9 relative to the line portion secondary 10 or vice versa, especially their respective parts 9 'and 10' opposite, thus making it possible to adjust the degree of coupling between the two portions of lines 9 and 10 and therefore the transformation ratio k, between primary and secondary, with adaptation of the RS output resistance of device 6 with the input resistance R'S + R'P of the device 7, 7 ', due to losses ohmic and dielectric.

    Conformément à un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, représenté aux figures 2 et 3 des dessins annexés, la portion de ligne primaire 9 consiste en une ligne microruban ou microstrip à air dont la longueur et l'impédance caractéristique Z1 sont suffisamment faibles pour que son inductance équivalente L1 soit négligeable par rapport à la résistance de sortie RS du dispositif 6 à faible impédance de sortie et la portion de ligne secondaire 10 est composée d'une ligne microruban à air et présente une impédance caractéristique Z2 suffisamment élevée pour que ladite portion de ligne secondaire 10 puisse être assimilée à une inductance pure L2 dont la valeur est donné par l'expression: L2 = Z2 x l/c

  • avec l: longueur de la portion de ligne secondaire 10 en regard du plan de masse 11,
  • et c: vitesse de la lumière
    • In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, shown in Figures 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings, the primary line portion 9 consists of a microstrip or air microstrip line whose length and characteristic impedance Z1 are sufficiently low to that its equivalent inductance L1 is negligible compared to the output resistance RS of the device 6 with low output impedance and the portion of secondary line 10 is composed of an air microstrip line and has a characteristic impedance Z2 high enough for said secondary line portion 10 can be assimilated to a pure inductance L2 whose value is given by the expression: L2 = Z2 xl / c
  • with l: length of the secondary line portion 10 opposite the ground plane 11,
  • and c: speed of light

    • Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, il est prévu que, pour une valeur donnée de l'inductance L2 de la portion de ligne secondaire 10, la somme LG2 des valeurs des inductances du dispositif 7, 7' à très forte impédance d'entrée, des fils de connexion 14, 14' et d'une éventuelle bobine de self-inductance d'appoint 15 est fixée de telle manière que:

    Figure 00070001
       où CG2 correspond à la capacité globale du dispositif 7, 7' à très forte impédance d'entrée, des fils de connexion 14, 14' et de la portion de ligne secondaire 10 et ω correspond à la pulsation ou fréquence angulaire des signaux transmis (Voir figures 2 et 3).According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, it is provided that, for a given value of the inductance L2 of the portion of secondary line 10, the sum LG2 of the values of the inductances of the device 7, 7 'with very high impedance d 'input, connection wires 14, 14' and a possible auxiliary self-inductance coil 15 is fixed in such a way that:
    Figure 00070001
    where CG2 corresponds to the overall capacity of the device 7, 7 'with very high input impedance, connection wires 14, 14' and the portion of secondary line 10 and ω corresponds to the pulsation or angular frequency of the transmitted signals ( See Figures 2 and 3).

    Afin de pouvoir fournir, au niveau du secondaire, des tensions de signes opposées (et de valeurs absolues identiques) et d'améliorer le taux de réjection du mode commun, le point milieu 16 de la portion de ligne secondaire 10, généralement confondu avec le point milieu de la partie 10', peut avantageusement être mis à la masse, par exemple par connexion au plan de masse 11.In order to be able to provide, at the secondary level, tensions opposite signs (and identical absolute values) and improve the common mode rejection rate, the midpoint 16 of the secondary line portion 10, generally confused with the midpoint of part 10 ', can advantageously be brought to the ground, for example by connection to the ground plane 11.

    L'accord au niveau du secondaire pourra être réalisé, par exemple, soit par des organes de réglage de la longueur de la portion de ligne secondaire 10 située dans le boítier constitué par l'enveloppe de blindage 11', ces organes pouvant être disposés sur la face externe dudit boítier et niveau de la sortie des lignes de connexion 14, 14' ou des extrémités de la portion de ligne secondaire 10 (traversant le boítier blindé au niveau d'une zone 11" réalisée en un matériau isolant), soit par un système de déplacement par translation dudit plan de masse 11 par rapport à la portion de ligne secondaire 10 selon une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe de la partie 10'..The agreement at the secondary level can be achieved, by example, either by means of adjusting the length of the secondary line portion 10 located in the housing constituted by the shielding envelope 11 ′, these members being able to be arranged on the external face of said box and level of the output of the lines of connection 14, 14 'or ends of the line portion secondary 10 (passing through the armored box at an 11 "zone made of an insulating material), either by a displacement system by translation of said ground plane 11 relative to the portion of secondary line 10 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the part 10 '.

    Toutefois, selon une variante de réalisation simple et préférée de l'invention, et comme le montre la figure 2 des dessins annexés, le moyen 12 de déplacement relatif de la portion de ligne secondaire 10 par rapport au plan de masse 11 consiste en un organe de déformation par flexion dudit plan de masse 11.However, according to a simple and preferred alternative embodiment of the invention, and as shown in FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings, the means 12 for relative displacement of the portion of the secondary line 10 with respect to the ground plane 11 consists of a bending deformation of said ground plane 11.

    Par ailleurs, en vue de l'ajustement de la distance entre les parties 9' et 10' en regard des portions de ligne 9 et 10, il peut être prévu, comme le montre également la figure 2 des dessins annexés, que la portion de ligne primaire 9 soit montée sur un support 13 pouvant être déplacé ou être incliné, par déformation par exemple, dans une direction perpendiculaire aux axes longitudinaux des parties 9' et 10' des portions de lignes primaire 9 et secondaire 10 parallèles entre elles, ce en actionnant un organe 13' de réglage de la position dudit support 13. Furthermore, with a view to adjusting the distance between the parts 9 'and 10' opposite the line portions 9 and 10, it can be provided, as also shown in FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings, that the primary line portion 9 is mounted on a support 13 can be moved or tilted, for example by deformation, in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of parts 9 'and 10' of the primary 9 and secondary 10 line portions parallel to each other, by actuating a member 13 'for adjusting the position of said support 13.

    Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les organes 12 et 13' de déformation et de réglage de la position consistent en des vis à faible pas, logées dans des supports isolants fixes 17, 17', pourvus chacun d'au moins un orifice fileté correspondant, les têtes desdites vis étant avantageusement situées à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe de blindage 11' de manière à en faciliter l'accessibilité et le réglage manuel.According to another characteristic of the invention, the organs 12 and 13 'of deformation and position adjustment consist of low pitch screws, housed in fixed insulating supports 17, 17 ', each provided with at least one corresponding threaded orifice, the heads said screws being advantageously located outside of the shielding envelope 11 ′ so as to facilitate accessibility thereof and manual adjustment.

    Bien que décrite ci-dessus dans le cadre général d'une liaison entre un dispositif 6 à faible impédance de sortie et un dispositif 7, 7' à très forte impédance d'entrée, le circuit 8 de couplage et d'adaptation selon l'invention est plus particulièrement destiné à être intégré à une boucle de synchronisation du balayage 2 reliée aux plaques de déflexion 7, 7' ou au circuit de balayage d'une caméra 1 à balayage de fente fonctionnant en mode de balayage synchrone, les extrémités de la portion de ligne secondaire 10 étant reliées respectivement par l'intermédiaire de lignes de connexion 14, 14' à l'une des deux plaques de déflexion 7 ou 7' de ladite caméra 1 (Figures 1 et 2).Although described above in the general context of a link between a device 6 with low output impedance and a device 7, 7 ′ with very high input impedance, the coupling circuit 8 and adaptation according to the invention is more particularly intended to be integrated into a scan 2 synchronization loop connected to deflection plates 7, 7 'or to the scanning circuit of a camera 1 to slot scanning operating in synchronous scanning mode, the ends of the secondary line portion 10 being connected respectively via connection lines 14, 14 'to one of the two deflection plates 7 or 7 'of said camera 1 (Figures 1 and 2).

    Un exemple pratique de réalisation de l'invention, dans le cadre d'une application telle que mentionnée ci-dessus, peut être décrit en se reportant aux figures 1, 2 et 3 des dessins annexés.A practical example of embodiment of the invention, in the part of an application as mentioned above, can be described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.

    Comme le montrent ces figures, le circuit 8 de couplage et d'adaptation comporte un ajustage fin de l'accord de la capacité des plaques 7, 7' de déviation ou de déflexion (

    Figure 00090001
    4 pF) et un réglage de la transformation entre la résistance de sortie R'S (= 50 Ω) de l'amplificateur 6 et la résistance d'entrée du circuit de déflexion correspondant sensiblement aux pertes R'S + R'P dans le tube.As these figures show, the coupling and adaptation circuit 8 comprises a fine adjustment of the agreement of the capacity of the plates 7, 7 ′ for deflection or deflection (
    Figure 00090001
    4 pF) and an adjustment of the transformation between the output resistance R'S (= 50 Ω) of the amplifier 6 and the input resistance of the deflection circuit corresponding substantially to the losses R'S + R'P in the tube.

    Le circuit 8 est formé essentiellement de deux tronçons ou portions de lignes de type "microstrip" à air qui sont parallèles sur une longueur d'environ 3 cm et faiblement couplées.Circuit 8 is essentially made up of two sections or portions of air microstrip type lines which are parallel on a length of about 3 cm and weakly coupled.

    L'une 9 desdites lignes (dite primaire) est court-circuitée, son autre extrémité étant reliée au générateur d'attaque (amplificateur 6) de résistance interne ou de sortie RS (= 50 Ω). One of said lines (called primary) is short-circuited, its other end being connected to the attack generator (amplifier 6) internal resistance or RS output (= 50 Ω).

    La deuxième ligne 10 (ou secondaire) est connectée à l'ensemble de déflexion, notamment aux plaques 7, 7', et son point milieu 16 est mis à la masse de manière à augmenter le taux de réjection du mode commun. Ce découplage du circuit de balayage 2' par rapport aux autres électrodes du tube de la caméra 1 est intéressant surtout lorsque l'une d'elle est pulsée.The second line 10 (or secondary) is connected to the deflection assembly, in particular at the plates 7, 7 ′, and its point medium 16 is grounded to increase the rate of rejection of the common mode. This decoupling of the scanning circuit 2 ' compared to the other camera tube electrodes 1 is interesting especially when one of them is pulsed.

    Enfin, on peut noter que le plan de masse 11 fait partie intégrante d'un blindage électromagnétique extérieur 11' qui évite les pertes par rayonnement (ce blindage n'est représenté que par des traits interrompus sur la figure 2 pour ne pas compliquer le dessin).Finally, it can be noted that the ground plane 11 is part integral with an external electromagnetic shielding 11 'which avoids radiation losses (this shielding is only represented by broken lines in Figure 2 so as not to complicate the drawing).

    L'impédance caractéristique Z1 et la longueur de la ligne primaire 9 sont assez faibles pour que son inductance équivalente L1 soit négligeable devant RS.The characteristic impedance Z1 and the length of the line primary 9 are low enough that its equivalent inductance L1 is negligible in front of RS.

    Au contraire, celle de la ligne secondaire 10 de longueur 1(≈ 4 cm), est élevée (Z2 ≈ 100 Ω) et dans ces conditions, ce tronçon ou cette portion secondaire équivaut pratiquement à une inductance L2 ajustable donnée par l'expression: L2 = Z2 x l/c ≈ 15 nH On the contrary, that of the secondary line 10 of length 1 (≈ 4 cm), is high (Z2 ≈ 100 Ω) and under these conditions, this section or this secondary portion is practically equivalent to an adjustable inductance L2 given by the expression: L2 = Z2 xl / c ≈ 15 nH

    En agissant sur la vis 12 on fait varier la distance entre le plan de masse 11 et la ligne secondaire 10: il en résulte une variation de même sens de Z2 et, par suite, de L2.By acting on the screw 12, the distance between the ground plane 11 and the secondary line 10: this results in a variation of the same direction of Z2 and, consequently, of L2.

    Par ailleurs, la vis 13' permet de modifier la séparation des deux parties 9' et 10' en regard desdites portions 9 et 10 de lignes et donc le degré de couplage (faible) entre primaire et secondaire: on peut décrire cet effet par un transformateur abaisseur de tension parfait, de rapport k ajustable (∼ 0,1).Furthermore, the screw 13 'makes it possible to modify the separation of the two parts 9 'and 10' opposite said portions 9 and 10 of lines and therefore the degree of coupling (weak) between primary and secondary: we can describe this effect by a step-down transformer perfect, with adjustable k ratio (∼ 0.1).

    L'ensemble amplificateur 6/circuit 8/circuit de déflexion (plaques 7, 7') équivaut au quadripôle représenté sur la figure 3.The amplifier assembly 6 / circuit 8 / deflection circuit (plates 7, 7 ') is equivalent to the quadrupole shown in Figure 3.

    Dans ce schéma, les résistances série R'S et parallèle R'P caractérisent respectivement les pertes ohmiques et diélectriques dans le circuit de déflexion (plaques 7, 7'). LG2 désigne l'inductance globale qui intègre celle des fils ou lignes de connexion 14, 14' et, si nécessaire, celle d'une self d'appoint 15; elle est choisie telle que:

    Figure 00110001
    In this diagram, the series resistors R'S and parallel resistors R'P respectively characterize the ohmic and dielectric losses in the deflection circuit (plates 7, 7 '). LG2 designates the overall inductance which integrates that of the wires or connection lines 14, 14 ′ and, if necessary, that of an auxiliary choke 15; it is chosen such that:
    Figure 00110001

    On en déduit les conditions d'adaptation:

    Figure 00110002
    Figure 00110003
    We deduce the adaptation conditions:
    Figure 00110002
    Figure 00110003

    Ces deux équations montrent que:

    • le circuit de balayage s'accorde finement en ajustant l'inductance variable L2 (vis 12),
    • l'adaptation des résistances est obtenue en réglant le coefficient k et, donc, le couplage entre primaire et secondaire (vis 13').
    These two equations show that:
    • the scanning circuit is fine tuned by adjusting the variable inductance L2 (screw 12),
    • the adaptation of the resistances is obtained by adjusting the coefficient k and, therefore, the coupling between primary and secondary (screw 13 ').

    Le circuit 8 de couplage et d'adaptation a donc été réalisé en faisant appel à des techniques propres aux circuits fonctionnant en hautes fréquences et en hyperfréquence, en particulier, en utilisant des lignes du type "microstrip" ou microruban faiblement couplées par champ électrique. Cette conception garantit un encombrement réduit et des pertes négligeables à condition de minimiser le rayonnement par un blindage extérieur 11'.The coupling and adaptation circuit 8 has therefore been produced in using techniques specific to circuits operating in high frequencies and microwave, in particular, using loosely coupled "microstrip" or microstrip lines by electric field. This design guarantees a space requirement reduced and negligible losses provided that the radiation by an external shielding 11 '.

    Par ailleurs, le choix judicieux des paramètres géométriques de la ligne secondaire 10 permet de diminuer suffisamment l'inductance L2 pour que le tube convertisseur d'images de la caméra 2 puisse fonctionner à une fréquence très proche de sa résonance.In addition, the judicious choice of geometric parameters of the secondary line 10 makes it possible to decrease sufficiently inductance L2 so that the image converter tube of the camera 2 can operate at a frequency very close to its resonance.

    De plus, ce circuit, peu encombrant et très peu coûteus à réaliser est muni de deux réglages simples et précis pour contrôler l'accord du circuit de déflexion et le rapport de transformation.In addition, this circuit, compact and very inexpensive to carry out is provided with two simple and precise adjustments to control the deflection circuit agreement and the transformation ratio.

    Claims (9)

    1. Coupling and adaptation circuit for the transmission of high-frequency and hyperfrequency signals consisting, on the one hand, of two line portions (9, 10) having parts (9', 10') arranged in parallel and weakly coupled to one another and, on the other hand, of an earth plane (11) arranged parallel to the secondary line portion (10) and being able to form part of a screening casing (11') surrounding said coupling and adaptation circuit (8), the circuit being characterized in that it also comprises a means (12) for relative displacement of the secondary line portion (10) relative to the earth plane (11) and/or for varying the length of the secondary line portion (10) located opposite said earth plane (11) and in that it interconnects a device (6) having low output impedance and a device (2; 7, 7") having very high input impedance relative to the device (6), the primary line portion (9) which forms the short circuit being connected to the device (6) having low output impedance and the secondary line portion (10) being connected to the device (2; 7, 7') having very high input impedance relative to the device (6) to the primary.
    2. Coupling and adaptation circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises means (13, 13') for relative displacement, in terms of spacing distance, of the primary line portion (9) relative to the secondary line portion (10) or vice versa.
    3. Coupling and adaptation circuit according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the primary line portion (9) consists of a micro-tape air line of which the length and characteristic impedance (Z1) are sufficiently small for its equivalent inductance (L1) to be negligible relative to the output resistance (RS) of the device (6) having low output impedance and in that the secondary line portion (10) is composed of a micro-tape air line and has characteristic impedance (Z2) which is sufficiently high for said secondary line portion (10) to be assimilated to a pure inductance (L2) of which the value is determined by the expression: L2 = Z2 x l/c    wherein
      l: length of the secondary line portion (10) opposite the earth plane (11) and
      c: speed of light.
    4. Coupling and adaptation circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, for a given inductance value (L2) of the portion of secondary line (10), the sum (LG2) of the values of the inductances of the device (7, 7') having very high input impedance, of the connecting wires (14, 14') and a possible reserve self-induction coil (15) is established such that:
      Figure 00220001
      wherein (CG2) corresponds to the total capacity of the device (7, 7') with very high input impedance, the connecting wires (14, 14') and the portion of secondary line (10) and ω corresponds to the angular frequency of the transmitted signals.
    5. Coupling and adaptation circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the middle point (16) of the portion of secondary line (10) is earthed.
    6. Coupling and adaptation circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the means (12) of relative displacement of the secondary line portion (10) with respect to the earth plane (11) consists of a means for deformation by bending of said earth plane (11).
    7. Coupling and adaptation circuit according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the primary line portion (9) is mounted on a support (13) which can be displaced or inclined, for example by deformation, in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the parts (9' and 10') of the primary (9) and secondary (10) line portions parallel to one another, by actuating a means (13') for adjusting the position of said support (13).
    8. Coupling and adaptation circuit according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the means (12 and 13') for deformation and adjustment of the position consist of small pitch screws accommodated in fixed insulating supports (17, 17') each provided with at least one corresponding threaded orifice, the heads of said screws advantageously being located outside the screening casing (11').
    9. Coupling and adaptation circuit according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that it is integrated in a loop for synchronization of the scanning (2) connected to the deflecting plates (7, 7') or to the scanning circuit of a camera (1) with slot scanning functioning in synchronous scanning mode, the ends of the secondary line portion (10) being connected via respective connecting lines (14, 14') to one of the two deflecting plates (7 or 7') of said camera (1).
    EP95924356A 1994-07-07 1995-06-22 High-frequency impedance transformer Expired - Lifetime EP0769213B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9408598A FR2722338B1 (en) 1994-07-07 1994-07-07 COUPLING AND ADAPTING DEVICE FOR TRANSMITTING HIGH FREQUENCY OR MICROWAVE SIGNALS
    FR9408598 1994-07-07
    PCT/FR1995/000836 WO1996002073A1 (en) 1994-07-07 1995-06-22 High-frequency impedance transformer

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0769213A1 EP0769213A1 (en) 1997-04-23
    EP0769213B1 true EP0769213B1 (en) 1998-05-20

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    ID=9465271

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP95924356A Expired - Lifetime EP0769213B1 (en) 1994-07-07 1995-06-22 High-frequency impedance transformer

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    EP (1) EP0769213B1 (en)
    JP (1) JPH10505716A (en)
    CA (1) CA2194470A1 (en)
    DE (1) DE69502610T2 (en)
    DK (1) DK0769213T3 (en)
    ES (1) ES2119456T3 (en)
    FR (1) FR2722338B1 (en)
    WO (1) WO1996002073A1 (en)

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    AUPO076496A0 (en) * 1996-07-01 1996-07-25 Radio Frequency Systems Pty Limited Input coupling adjustment arrangement for radio frequency filters
    KR100295154B1 (en) 1998-06-12 2001-09-17 윤종용 Impedance Matching Circuit
    JP4575261B2 (en) * 2005-09-14 2010-11-04 株式会社東芝 High frequency package
    EP1993355B1 (en) 2006-03-23 2017-10-11 Kao Corporation Biofilm formation inhibitor composition
    US7724484B2 (en) * 2006-12-29 2010-05-25 Cobham Defense Electronic Systems Corporation Ultra broadband 10-W CW integrated limiter

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    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    GB573365A (en) * 1941-06-03 1945-11-19 John Collard Improvements in or relating to high-frequency transformers
    US3166723A (en) * 1961-03-06 1965-01-19 Micro Radionics Inc Variable directional coupler having a movable articulated conductor
    US3363201A (en) * 1965-03-25 1968-01-09 Harold B. Isaacson Variable attenuator having low minimum insertion loss
    US3560885A (en) * 1968-11-18 1971-02-02 Textron Inc Variable radio-frequency coupler
    JPH0722242B2 (en) * 1985-12-27 1995-03-08 島田理化工業株式会社 Coaxial waveguide converter
    DE3617359C1 (en) * 1986-05-23 1987-10-01 Georg Dr-Ing Spinner 3 dB directional coupler

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    CA2194470A1 (en) 1996-01-25
    DE69502610T2 (en) 1998-11-26
    ES2119456T3 (en) 1998-10-01
    DK0769213T3 (en) 1999-03-15
    DE69502610D1 (en) 1998-06-25
    FR2722338B1 (en) 1996-09-13
    FR2722338A1 (en) 1996-01-12
    EP0769213A1 (en) 1997-04-23
    WO1996002073A1 (en) 1996-01-25
    JPH10505716A (en) 1998-06-02
    US5774026A (en) 1998-06-30

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