EP0761022A1 - Support cylinder for fragile and heavy structures, such as telescope mirrors - Google Patents

Support cylinder for fragile and heavy structures, such as telescope mirrors

Info

Publication number
EP0761022A1
EP0761022A1 EP96909191A EP96909191A EP0761022A1 EP 0761022 A1 EP0761022 A1 EP 0761022A1 EP 96909191 A EP96909191 A EP 96909191A EP 96909191 A EP96909191 A EP 96909191A EP 0761022 A1 EP0761022 A1 EP 0761022A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support cylinder
support
covers
cylinder according
flange
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96909191A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Louis Sapy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giat Industries SA
Original Assignee
Giat Industries SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giat Industries SA filed Critical Giat Industries SA
Publication of EP0761022A1 publication Critical patent/EP0761022A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/10Characterised by the construction of the motor unit the motor being of diaphragm type

Definitions

  • the technical sector of the present invention is that of the means ensuring the support of heavy and fragile structures, such as a telescope mirror, relative to a reception support.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a support cylinder intended to exert an adjustable and precise thrust on a load within a well defined range of values.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a double-acting support jack interposed between a support and a load, capable of exerting on this load a nominal force of between approximately 400 to 3900 N for a small displacement less than 1 cm, characterized in that '' It consists of a body forming a reservoir, connected to the support and covered on either side by a cover, the covers and the body delimiting a housing comprising two chambers, each sealed by a flexible membrane, the two covers being connected between them by means of connections.
  • the connecting means consist of tie rods passing through the body and the covers.
  • the support cylinder has a generally cylindrical shape with two chambers isolated from one another.
  • the membranes are in the form of crowns, the internal edge of which is connected to the body and the external edge of each of the covers.
  • Each cover has a cylindrical flange cooperating with a flange to pinch the outer edge of each membrane.
  • the covers are joined together, them by tie rods provided in their central part with a bulge on which on both sides, the flange and the cover are held in abutment by means of a nut.
  • the internal and external edges of the membranes are provided with a bead engaged in a groove formed on each flange.
  • the load is connected to the adjacent cover by a connecting rod.
  • the support cylinder is integral opposite the load of a means for introducing an additional force.
  • An application of the support cylinder to the suspension of a telescope mirror is characterized in that it comprises a network of support cylinders linked to the mirror and to a support structure conforming to the shape of the mirror.
  • the main advantage of the present invention lies in the precise adjustment of the force applied by the support cylinder to the load.
  • Another advantage lies in the faithful transmission of the force received by the support cylinder.
  • an advantage of the support cylinder is to allow a precise distribution of the weight of the mirror, thus avoiding harmful deformations.
  • Another advantage lies in obtaining a cylinder with parasitic stiffness or very low restoring force. Another advantage lies in obtaining a cylinder practically offering neither friction nor hysteresis of any kind.
  • FIG. 1 is a section showing the support cylinder according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing the support cylinder linked to its support
  • FIG. 3 shows a general view of the support cylinder
  • FIG. 4 and 5 are sections AA and BB of Figure 3.
  • the support jack according to the invention is intended to be incorporated between a load constituted here by a • mirror 1 of very large dimension, 8 meters in diameter for example, of a telescope, of very high mass, and a support 2 which is here a mechanically welded structure.
  • the mirror is supported by a plurality of support jacks 3 connected to an upper plate 4 of the support 2.
  • Each jack 3 is for example connected to the mirror by a connecting rod 5.
  • the main characteristic of the jacks 3 is, as explained above, to exercise a distributed force known at all times between 400 and 3900 N and in particular between 500 and 1600 N. For a nominal force included in this latter range, the stability of the jack must be better than 0.05 N in one minute.
  • the connecting rods 5 are connected in a known manner to the mirror 1, for example by gluing.
  • each support cylinder 3 can receive a correction force at its mobile part opposite by another cylinder 7 , or active cylinder, as described below.
  • the mirror 1 can be operated by actuating the structure 2 from the zenith position shown in this figure to a position where the telescope is looking at the horizon.
  • the support jacks 3 and 6 hold and position the mirror by distributing its weight as harmoniously and precisely as necessary.
  • Figure 2 there is shown a top view of the cylinder 3 in perspective, the mirror being removed. We see that the upper plate 4 is perforated and receives in cells 8 the cylinders 3 regularly disposed on this plate.
  • Each cylinder 3 has three fixing lugs 9 bolted to plate 4. We also see in this figure the positioning means 6 which will exert their force on the edge of the mirror.
  • FIG. 3 shows the general view of the jack 3 which has a generally cylindrical shape with a projecting body 10 on which the lugs 9 for fixing the latter to the top plate 4 are fixed, and covers 11 and 12 located at on both sides.
  • Each tab 9 is in the form of a square-shaped part, the base 13 of which is integrated into the body 10 and the upper branch 14 of which is perforated so as to be screwed onto the support 2.
  • the cylinder 3 is fixed by three legs 9 arranged at 120 °.
  • Each cover 11 or 12 is provided with reinforcing means 15 consisting of six stiffeners 15 in a star shape regularly arranged on its free surface.
  • the jack 3 is also provided with a guide structure constituted by three frames 16 fixed in the middle on the support 10 and metal membranes 17 for guiding. These membranes 17 and the stiffeners 15 are connected to the central pivot 18 of each cover.
  • the three frames 16 are placed alternately with the legs 9 for example at 120 ° from one another.
  • This guide structure makes it possible to obtain a uniaxial displacement of the jack along the central pivot 18 of each cover.
  • the central pivot 18 is extended by a threaded part 20 for the connection of the jack to the connecting rod connecting it to the load 1. In the figure, one can still see the pipe 21 intended for the introduction of the fluid under pressure and the pipe 22 of purge of the circuit.
  • FIG. 4 represents a section AA of FIG. 3 and shows the internal structure of the jack 3.
  • the body 10 forming a reservoir by means of two flanges 30 and 31, of generally cylindrical shape, delimiting with the covers 11 and 12 the respective chambers 32 and 33.
  • the covers 11 and 12 are also provided with the respective flanges 34 and 35, of generally cylindrical shape. It is preferred as shown in the figure that the flanges 34 and 35 have an internal diameter greater than the external diameter of the flanges 30 and 31 respectively.
  • the sealing of the chamber 32 is ensured by a flexible membrane 36 applied to the flanges 30 and 34 vis-à-vis by the respective flanges 37 and 38.
  • the sealing of the chamber 33 is provided by a flexible membrane 39 applied to the flanges 31 and 35 vis-à-vis by the respective flanges 40 and 41.
  • Each membrane 36 or 39 can develop a loop facilitating its mobility.
  • the flange 37 is fixed to the flange 30 by a number of screws 42 regularly distributed around its periphery. It is the same for the flange 40 which is fixed to the flange 31 by the screws 43.
  • the flanges 37 and 40 pinch the outer edge of the membranes 36 and 39 and to perfect the sealing at this level, the flanges 30 and 31 are each provided with a groove, in which is engaged a bead 44 of the membrane.
  • the flanges 38 and 41 are applied to the respective flanges 34 and 35 by a set of tie rods or bolts 45, the central part of which is provided with a bulge 46 on either side of which the flanges 38 and 41 are applied.
  • each membrane 36 or 39 can be provided with a bulge 49 engaging in a groove made in each of the flanges 38 and 41 to complete the seal. It can also be seen in the figure that the bolts 45 pass through the core 50 right through with a certain clearance allowing free sliding through the body 10 of the jack.
  • the chamber 32 is supplied with pressurized fluid through the pipe 21 extended by a conduit 51 opening into this chamber.
  • each bolt 53 or 54 has externally a double flat 55 to allow tightening of the nuts.
  • the other branch 56 of the tab 9 used for example for fixing an active jack (not shown here) intended to exert an additional thrust on the bolt 54, and consequently on the jack 3.
  • Figure 5 which shows a section along BB of Figure 3, we see the pipe 60, fluid intake to supply the chamber 33 opening therein through the conduit 61.
  • the chamber 33 is provided another pipe (not shown) used for purging.
  • the operation is as follows.
  • the jack 3 is first of all via the chamber 32 supplied with fluid through the pipe 21, any air being expelled through the pipe 22.
  • the support jacks 3 and 6 distribute the weight of the mirror with errors weak: - for each group of cylinders 3 and 6, the error due to the low residual stiffness of these cylinders is less than 15 N for displacements of up to 1.5 mm.
  • the error due to any form of hysteresis is less than 1 N for displacements of up to 0.6 mm.
  • the chambers 33 linked together compensate for the effect of the altitude.
  • the support cylinder allows for the addition of a force provided by an active cylinder.
  • This active jack referenced 7 in FIG. 1, is coupled to the support jack by the lower legs 56 and it exerts a force on the axis 54.
  • the support jack 3 allows the passage of this force without disturbing it.
  • this force varies from 0 to ⁇ 800 N, it is transmitted with an error of less than 0.05 N for the tiny displacements which are usual for telescope mirrors.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)

Abstract

A dual action support cylinder placed between a support (2) and a load (1) for applying on said load a nominal force of about 400 to 3900 N for a low displacement of less than 1 cm, characterised in that it has a body (10) forming a vessel connected to said support (2) and closed on both sides by a cover (11, 12), said covers and body defining a housing with two chambers (32, 33), each sealed by a flexible membrane (36, 39). The two covers (11, 12) are connected to each other by connecting means (16) comprising ties (45) arranged through the body (10) and the covers (11, 12). The body (10) has a cylindrical flange (30, 31) placed on either side of a core member (50) and co-operating with a collar (37, 40) for gripping the inner edge of each membrane (36, 39), wherein the movement of the cylinder is guided by metallic membranes.

Description

VERIN SUPPORT DE STRUCTURES LOURDES ET FRAGILE, TEL UN MIROIR DE TELESCOPE JACK SUPPORTING HEAVY AND FRAGILE STRUCTURES, SUCH AS A TELESCOPE MIRROR
Le secteur technique de la présente invention est celui des moyens assurant le soutien de structures lourdes et fragiles, tel un miroir de télescope, par rapport à un support de réception.The technical sector of the present invention is that of the means ensuring the support of heavy and fragile structures, such as a telescope mirror, relative to a reception support.
Dans ce type de structure, il est absolument néces¬ saire que la charge lourde repose sur un moyen qui exerce • sur celle-ci une poussée uniforme et réglable par l'utili- sateur qu'elle que soit la position de cette structure. En effet, il est bien connu que les miroirs de télescope sont de très grande dimension, 8 mètres de diamètre par exemple, et qu'il est impératif de contrôler voire de supprimer les déformations de celui-ci, tout au assurant leur mise en position.In this type of structure, it is absolutely necessary that the heavy load rests on a means which exerts on it a uniform and adjustable thrust by the user, whatever the position of this structure. Indeed, it is well known that telescope mirrors are very large, 8 meters in diameter for example, and that it is imperative to control or even remove the deformations of it, while ensuring their positioning .
La présente invention a pour objet de fournir un vérin support destiné à exercer une poussée ajustable et précise sur une charge dans une plage de valeurs bien définie. L'invention a donc pour objet un vérin support à double effet interposé entre un support et une charge, apte à exercer sur cette charge une force nominale comprise entre environ 400 à 3900 N pour un déplacement faible inférieur à 1 cm, caractérisé en ce qu ' il est constitué d'un corps formant réservoir, relié au support et recouvert de part et d'autre par un couvercle, les couvercles et le corps délimitant un boîtier comportant deux chambres, chacune étanchée par une membrane souple, les deux couvercles étant reliés entre eux par des moyens de liaisons.The object of the present invention is to provide a support cylinder intended to exert an adjustable and precise thrust on a load within a well defined range of values. The subject of the invention is therefore a double-acting support jack interposed between a support and a load, capable of exerting on this load a nominal force of between approximately 400 to 3900 N for a small displacement less than 1 cm, characterized in that '' It consists of a body forming a reservoir, connected to the support and covered on either side by a cover, the covers and the body delimiting a housing comprising two chambers, each sealed by a flexible membrane, the two covers being connected between them by means of connections.
Les moyens de liaison sont constitués par des tirants traversant le corps et les couvercles.The connecting means consist of tie rods passing through the body and the covers.
Le vérin support présente une forme générale cylindrique avec deux chambres isolées l'une de l'autre. Les membranes se présentent sous la forme de couronnes dont le bord interne est raccordé au corps et le bord externe à chacun des couvercles. Chaque couvercle comporte un flasque cylindrique coopérant avec une bride pour assurer le pincement du bord externe de chaque membrane.The support cylinder has a generally cylindrical shape with two chambers isolated from one another. The membranes are in the form of crowns, the internal edge of which is connected to the body and the external edge of each of the covers. Each cover has a cylindrical flange cooperating with a flange to pinch the outer edge of each membrane.
Les couvercles sont réunis entre, eux par des tirants munis dans leur partie centrale d'un renflement sur lequel de part et d'autre, la bride et le couvercle sont maintenus en appui à l'aide d'un écrou.The covers are joined together, them by tie rods provided in their central part with a bulge on which on both sides, the flange and the cover are held in abutment by means of a nut.
Les bords interne et externe des membranes sont munis d'un bourrelet engagé dans une rainure pratiquée sur chaque bride.The internal and external edges of the membranes are provided with a bead engaged in a groove formed on each flange.
La charge est reliée au couvercle adjacent par une bielle.The load is connected to the adjacent cover by a connecting rod.
Le vérin support est solidaire à l'opposé de la charge d'un moyen d'introduction d'une force additionnelle. Une application du vérin support à la suspension d'un miroir de télescope est cara ctérisé en ce qu ' elle comprend un réseau de vérins supports liés au miroir et à une structure support épousant la forme du miroir.The support cylinder is integral opposite the load of a means for introducing an additional force. An application of the support cylinder to the suspension of a telescope mirror is characterized in that it comprises a network of support cylinders linked to the mirror and to a support structure conforming to the shape of the mirror.
L'avantage principal de la présente invention réside dans l'ajustement précis de la force appliquée par le vérin support sur la charge.The main advantage of the present invention lies in the precise adjustment of the force applied by the support cylinder to the load.
Un autre avantage réside dans la transmission fidèle de la force reçue par le vérin support.Another advantage lies in the faithful transmission of the force received by the support cylinder.
Dans l'application au miioir d'un télescope, un avantage du vérin support est de permettre une répartition précise du poids du miroir, évitant ainsi des déformations néfastes .In the application to the middle of a telescope, an advantage of the support cylinder is to allow a precise distribution of the weight of the mirror, thus avoiding harmful deformations.
Un autre avantage réside dans l'obtention d'un vérin à la raideur parasite ou force de rappel très faible. Un avantage encore réside dans l'obtention d'un vérin pratiquement n'offrant ni frottement ni hystérésis d'aucune sorte.Another advantage lies in obtaining a cylinder with parasitic stiffness or very low restoring force. Another advantage lies in obtaining a cylinder practically offering neither friction nor hysteresis of any kind.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris à la lecture du complément de description donné ci-après à titre d'exemple d'un mode particulier de réalisation en relation avec des dessins sur lesquels :Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the additional description given below by way of example of a particular embodiment in relation to the drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une coupe montrant le vérin support selon l'invention, - la figure 2 est une vue montrant le vérin support lié à son support,FIG. 1 is a section showing the support cylinder according to the invention, FIG. 2 is a view showing the support cylinder linked to its support,
- la figure 3 représente une vue générale du vérin support, - les figures 4 et 5 sont des coupes AA et BB de la figure 3.- Figure 3 shows a general view of the support cylinder, - Figures 4 and 5 are sections AA and BB of Figure 3.
Le vérin support selon l'invention est destiné à être incorporé entre une charge constituée ici par un •miroir 1 de très grande dimension, 8 mètres de diamètre par exemple, d'un télescope, de masse très élevée, et un support 2 qui est ici une structure mécanosoudée. Le miroir est supporté par une pluralité de vérins supports 3 reliés à une plaque supérieure 4 du support 2. Chaque vérin 3 est par exemple relié au miroir par une bielle 5. La caractéristique principale des vérins 3 est, comme expliqué précédemment, d'exercer une force répartie connue à chaque instant comprise entre 400 et 3900 N et en particulier entre 500 et 1600 N. Pour une force nominale comprise dans cette dernière fourchette, la stabilité du vérin doit être meilleure que 0,05 N en une minute. Bien entendu, les bielles 5 sont reliées de façon connue au miroir 1, par exemple par collage.The support jack according to the invention is intended to be incorporated between a load constituted here by a • mirror 1 of very large dimension, 8 meters in diameter for example, of a telescope, of very high mass, and a support 2 which is here a mechanically welded structure. The mirror is supported by a plurality of support jacks 3 connected to an upper plate 4 of the support 2. Each jack 3 is for example connected to the mirror by a connecting rod 5. The main characteristic of the jacks 3 is, as explained above, to exercise a distributed force known at all times between 400 and 3900 N and in particular between 500 and 1600 N. For a nominal force included in this latter range, the stability of the jack must be better than 0.05 N in one minute. Of course, the connecting rods 5 are connected in a known manner to the mirror 1, for example by gluing.
Le miroir 1 est également maintenu autour de sa périphérie par des moyens de positionnement 6 qui peuvent être identiques au vérin support 3. De même, chaque vérin support 3 peut recevoir une force de correction au niveau de sa partie mobile opposée par un autre vérin 7, ou vérin actif, comme décrit ci-après. Ainsi maintenu, le miroir 1 pourra être manœuvré en actionnant la structure 2 de la position zénith représentée sur cette figure à une position où le télescope regarde l'horizon. Au cours de ce dépla¬ cement, les vérins supports 3 et 6 maintiennent et posi¬ tionnent le miroir en répartissant son poids de façon aussi harmonieuse et précise que nécessaire. Sur la figure 2, on a représenté une vue de dessus du vérin 3 en perspective, le miroir étant enlevé. On voit que la plaque supérieure 4 est ajourée et reçoit dans des alvéoles 8 les vérins 3 régulièrement disposés sur cette plaque. Chaque vérin 3 comporte trois pattes de fixation 9 boulonnées sur la plaque 4. On voit également sur cette figure les moyens de positionnement 6 qui vont exercer leur effort sur la tranche du miroir.The mirror 1 is also held around its periphery by positioning means 6 which may be identical to the support cylinder 3. Likewise, each support cylinder 3 can receive a correction force at its mobile part opposite by another cylinder 7 , or active cylinder, as described below. Thus maintained, the mirror 1 can be operated by actuating the structure 2 from the zenith position shown in this figure to a position where the telescope is looking at the horizon. During this displacement, the support jacks 3 and 6 hold and position the mirror by distributing its weight as harmoniously and precisely as necessary. In Figure 2, there is shown a top view of the cylinder 3 in perspective, the mirror being removed. We see that the upper plate 4 is perforated and receives in cells 8 the cylinders 3 regularly disposed on this plate. Each cylinder 3 has three fixing lugs 9 bolted to plate 4. We also see in this figure the positioning means 6 which will exert their force on the edge of the mirror.
La figure 3 montre la vue générale .du vérin 3 qui présente une forme générale cylindrique avec un corps 10 en saillie sur lequel sont fixées les pattes 9 de fixation de celui-ci à la plaque supérieure 4, et des couvercles 11 et 12 situés de part et d'autre. Chaque patte 9 se présente sous la forme d'une pièce en forme d'équerre dont la base 13 est intégrée au corps 10 et dont la branche supérieure 14 est perforée pour être vissée sur le support 2. Sur la figure, on voit que le vérin 3 est fixé par trois pattes 9 disposées à 120°. Chaque couvercle 11 ou 12 est muni de moyens de renfort 15 constitués de six raidisseurs 15 en étoile régulièrement disposés à sa surface libre. Le vérin 3 est encore muni d'une structure de guidage constituée par trois cadres 16 fixés en son milieu sur le support 10 et des membranes métalliques 17 de guidage. Ces membranes 17 ainsi que les raidisseurs 15 sont reliés au pivot central 18 de chaque couvercle. Les trois cadres 16 sont placés en alternance avec les pattes 9 par exemple à 120° l'une de l'autre. Cette structure de guidage permet d'obtenir un déplacement uniaxial du vérin suivant le pivot central 18 de chaque couvercle. Le pivot central 18 est prolongé par une partie filetée 20 pour le raccordement du vérin à la bielle le reliant à la charge 1. Sur la figure, on voit encore la canalisation 21 destinée à l'introduction du fluide sous pression et la canalisation 22 de purge du circuit. La figure 4 représente une coupe AA de la figure 3 et montre la structure interne du vérin 3. On voit le corps 10 formant un réservoir par l'intermédiaire de deux flasques 30 et 31, de forme générale cylindrique, délimitant avec les couvercles 11 et 12 les chambres respectives 32 et 33. Les couvercles 11 et 12 sont munis également des flasques respectifs 34 et 35, de forme générale cylindrique. On préfère comme représenté sur la figure que les flasques 34 et 35 possèdent un diamètre interne supérieur au diamètre externe des flasques respectifs 30 et 31. L'étanchéité de la chambre 32 est assurée par une membrane souple 36 appliquée sur les flasques 30 et 34 en vis-à-vis par les brides respectives 37 et 38. De même, l'étanchéité de la chambre 33 est assurée par une membrane souple 39 appliquée sur les flasques 31 et 35 en vis-à-vis par les brides respectives 40 et 41. Chaque membrane 36 ou 39 peut développer une boucle facilitant sa mobilité. La bride 37 est fixée sur le flasque 30 par un certain nombre de vis 42 régulièrement réparties sur son pourtour. Il en est de même de la bride 40 qui est fixée sur le flasque 31 par les vis 43. Les brides 37 et 40 viennent pincer le bord externe des membranes 36 et 39 et pour parfaire l'étanchéité à ce niveau, les flasques 30 et 31 sont munis chacun d'une rainure, dans laquelle est engagé un bourrelet 44 de la membrane. Les brides 38 et 41 sont appliquées sur les flasques respectifs 34 et 35 par un ensemble de tirants ou boulons 45 dont la partie centrale est munie d'un renflement 46 de part et d'autre duquel sont appliquées les brides 38 et 41. Les couvercles 11 et 12 sont alors fixés aux brides 38 et 41 par les écrous 47 et 48 vissés aux extrémités des boulons 45. De la même manière, le bord interne de chaque membrane 36 ou 39 peut être muni d'un renflement 49 s'engageant dans une rainure pratiquée dans chacune des brides 38 et 41 pour parfaire l'étanchéité. On voit encore sur la figure que les boulons 45 traversent l'âme 50 de part en part avec un certain jeu permettant un libre coulissement à travers le corps 10 du vérin.FIG. 3 shows the general view of the jack 3 which has a generally cylindrical shape with a projecting body 10 on which the lugs 9 for fixing the latter to the top plate 4 are fixed, and covers 11 and 12 located at on both sides. Each tab 9 is in the form of a square-shaped part, the base 13 of which is integrated into the body 10 and the upper branch 14 of which is perforated so as to be screwed onto the support 2. In the figure, it can be seen that the cylinder 3 is fixed by three legs 9 arranged at 120 °. Each cover 11 or 12 is provided with reinforcing means 15 consisting of six stiffeners 15 in a star shape regularly arranged on its free surface. The jack 3 is also provided with a guide structure constituted by three frames 16 fixed in the middle on the support 10 and metal membranes 17 for guiding. These membranes 17 and the stiffeners 15 are connected to the central pivot 18 of each cover. The three frames 16 are placed alternately with the legs 9 for example at 120 ° from one another. This guide structure makes it possible to obtain a uniaxial displacement of the jack along the central pivot 18 of each cover. The central pivot 18 is extended by a threaded part 20 for the connection of the jack to the connecting rod connecting it to the load 1. In the figure, one can still see the pipe 21 intended for the introduction of the fluid under pressure and the pipe 22 of purge of the circuit. FIG. 4 represents a section AA of FIG. 3 and shows the internal structure of the jack 3. We see the body 10 forming a reservoir by means of two flanges 30 and 31, of generally cylindrical shape, delimiting with the covers 11 and 12 the respective chambers 32 and 33. The covers 11 and 12 are also provided with the respective flanges 34 and 35, of generally cylindrical shape. It is preferred as shown in the figure that the flanges 34 and 35 have an internal diameter greater than the external diameter of the flanges 30 and 31 respectively. The sealing of the chamber 32 is ensured by a flexible membrane 36 applied to the flanges 30 and 34 vis-à-vis by the respective flanges 37 and 38. Likewise, the sealing of the chamber 33 is provided by a flexible membrane 39 applied to the flanges 31 and 35 vis-à-vis by the respective flanges 40 and 41. Each membrane 36 or 39 can develop a loop facilitating its mobility. The flange 37 is fixed to the flange 30 by a number of screws 42 regularly distributed around its periphery. It is the same for the flange 40 which is fixed to the flange 31 by the screws 43. The flanges 37 and 40 pinch the outer edge of the membranes 36 and 39 and to perfect the sealing at this level, the flanges 30 and 31 are each provided with a groove, in which is engaged a bead 44 of the membrane. The flanges 38 and 41 are applied to the respective flanges 34 and 35 by a set of tie rods or bolts 45, the central part of which is provided with a bulge 46 on either side of which the flanges 38 and 41 are applied. The covers 11 and 12 are then fixed to the flanges 38 and 41 by the nuts 47 and 48 screwed to the ends of the bolts 45. In the same way, the internal edge of each membrane 36 or 39 can be provided with a bulge 49 engaging in a groove made in each of the flanges 38 and 41 to complete the seal. It can also be seen in the figure that the bolts 45 pass through the core 50 right through with a certain clearance allowing free sliding through the body 10 of the jack.
La chambre 32 est alimentée en fluide sous pression par la canalisation 21 prolongée par un conduit 51 débouchant dans cette chambre.The chamber 32 is supplied with pressurized fluid through the pipe 21 extended by a conduit 51 opening into this chamber.
On voit encore sur cette figure les boulons de fixation 52 des lames 17 au cadre 16, les boulons de fixation 53 et 54 des lames 17 sur le pivot central 18 des couvercles 11 et 12. Chaque boulon 53 ou 54 comporte extérieurement un double plat 55 pour permettre le serrage des écrous. On voit encore l'autre branche 56 de la patte 9 servant par exemple à la fixation d'un vérin actif (non représenté ici) destiné à exercer une poussée additionnelle sur le boulon 54, et par suite sur le vérin 3.We also see in this figure the fixing bolts 52 of the blades 17 to the frame 16, the fixing bolts 53 and 54 of the blades 17 on the central pivot 18 of the covers 11 and 12. Each bolt 53 or 54 has externally a double flat 55 to allow tightening of the nuts. We still see the other branch 56 of the tab 9 used for example for fixing an active jack (not shown here) intended to exert an additional thrust on the bolt 54, and consequently on the jack 3.
Sur la figure 5, qui représente une coupe selon BB de la figure 3, on voit la canalisation 60, d'admission de fluide pour alimenter la chambre 33 débouchant dans celle- ci par le conduit 61. Bien entendu, la chambre 33 est munie d'une autre canalisation (non représentée) servant à la purge.In Figure 5, which shows a section along BB of Figure 3, we see the pipe 60, fluid intake to supply the chamber 33 opening therein through the conduit 61. Of course, the chamber 33 is provided another pipe (not shown) used for purging.
Le fonctionnement est le suivant. Le vérin 3 est d'abord par l'intermédiaire de la chambre 32 alimenté en fluide à travers la canalisation 21, l'air éventuel étant expulsé par la canalisation 22. Les vérins supports 3 et 6 se répartissent le poids du miroir avec des erreurs faibles : - pour chaque groupe de vérins 3 et 6, l'erreur due à la faible raideur résiduelle de ces vérins est inférieure à 15 N pour des déplacements allant jusqu'à 1,5 mm.The operation is as follows. The jack 3 is first of all via the chamber 32 supplied with fluid through the pipe 21, any air being expelled through the pipe 22. The support jacks 3 and 6 distribute the weight of the mirror with errors weak: - for each group of cylinders 3 and 6, the error due to the low residual stiffness of these cylinders is less than 15 N for displacements of up to 1.5 mm.
- l'erreur due à toute forme d'hystérésis est infé¬ rieure à 1 N pour des déplacements allant jusqu'à 0,6 mm. Pour permettre cette parfaite répartition du poids du miroir, il faut compenser la différence de pression due à la différence d'altitude entre les vérins supports. C'est pour cette raison que les vérins sont à double effet, les chambres 33 liées entre elles compensent l'effet de l'altitude.- the error due to any form of hysteresis is less than 1 N for displacements of up to 0.6 mm. To allow this perfect distribution of the weight of the mirror, it is necessary to compensate for the pressure difference due to the difference in altitude between the support jacks. It is for this reason that the jacks are double acting, the chambers 33 linked together compensate for the effect of the altitude.
En général, on doit pouvoir déformer légèrement le miroir pour corriger sa forme ou pour l'adapter à divers modes d'observation. Le vérin support permet pour cela l'addition d'une force fournie par un vérin actif. Ce vérin actif, référencé 7 sur la figure 1, est accouplé au vérin support par les pattes inférieures 56 et il exerce une force sur l'axe 54. Le vérin support 3 permet le passage de cette force sans la perturber. Typiquement, cette force varie de 0 à ± 800 N, elle est transmise avec une erreur inférieure à 0,05 N pour les infimes déplacements qui sont usuels pour des miroirs de télescopes. In general, we should be able to slightly deform the mirror to correct its shape or to adapt it to various observation modes. The support cylinder allows for the addition of a force provided by an active cylinder. This active jack, referenced 7 in FIG. 1, is coupled to the support jack by the lower legs 56 and it exerts a force on the axis 54. The support jack 3 allows the passage of this force without disturbing it. Typically, this force varies from 0 to ± 800 N, it is transmitted with an error of less than 0.05 N for the tiny displacements which are usual for telescope mirrors.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Vérin support à double effet interposé entre un support (2) et une charge (1), apte à exercer sur cette charge une force nominale comprise entre environ 400 à 3900 N pour un déplacement faible inférieur à 1 cm, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'un corps (10) formant réservoir, relié au support (2) et recouvert de part et d'autre par un couvercle (11,12), les couvercles et le corps délimitant un boîtier comportant deux chambres (32, 33) chacune étanchée par une membrane souple (36,39), les deux couvercles (11, 12) étant reliés entre eux par des moyens de liaisons (16) .1 - Double-acting support cylinder interposed between a support (2) and a load (1), capable of exerting on this load a nominal force of between approximately 400 to 3900 N for a small displacement of less than 1 cm, characterized in that '' it consists of a body (10) forming a reservoir, connected to the support (2) and covered on either side by a cover (11,12), the covers and the body delimiting a housing comprising two chambers (32 , 33) each sealed by a flexible membrane (36,39), the two covers (11, 12) being interconnected by connecting means (16).
2 - Vérin support selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de liaison (16) sont constitués par des tirants (45) traversant le corps (10) et les couvercles (11,12) .2 - Support cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting means (16) consist of tie rods (45) passing through the body (10) and the covers (11,12).
3 - Vérin support selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu 'il présente une forme générale cylindrique avec deux chambres (32, 33) isolées l'une de l'autre.3 - Support cylinder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a generally cylindrical shape with two chambers (32, 33) isolated from one another.
4 - Vérin support selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les membranes (36,39) se présentent sous la forme de couronnes dont le bord interne est raccordé au corps (10) et le bord externe à chacun des couvercles (11, 12) .4 - Support cylinder according to claim 3, characterized in that the membranes (36,39) are in the form of rings whose internal edge is connected to the body (10) and the external edge to each of the covers (11, 12 ).
5 - Vérin support selon la revendication 4, carac¬ térisé en ce que le corps (10) comprend un flasque cylindrique (30,31) situé de part et d'autre d'une âme cen¬ trale (50), coopérant avec une bride (37,40) pour assurer le pincement du bord interne de chaque membrane (36,39) .5 - Support cylinder according to claim 4, carac¬ terized in that the body (10) comprises a cylindrical flange (30,31) located on either side of a central core (50), cooperating with a flange (37.40) to pinch the inner edge of each membrane (36.39).
6. - Vérin support selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que chaque couvercle (11, 12) comporte un flasque cylindrique (34, 41) coopérant avec une bride (38,41) pour assurer le pincement du bord externe de chaque membrane (36,39) .6. - Support cylinder according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that each cover (11, 12) has a cylindrical flange (34, 41) cooperating with a flange (38,41) to ensure the clamping of the outer edge of each membrane (36,39).
7. - Vérin support selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les couvercles (11, 12) sont réunis entre eux par des tirants (45) munis dans leur partie centrale d'un renflement (46) sur lequel de part et d'autre la bride (38,41) et le couvercle (11,12) sont maintenus en appui à l'aide d'un écrou (47,48).7. - Support cylinder according to claim 6, characterized in that the covers (11, 12) are joined together by tie rods (45) provided in their central part with a bulge (46) on which part and other the flange (38,41) and the cover (11,12) are held in abutment by means of a nut (47,48).
8. - Vérin support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce .que les bords interne et externe des membranes (36,39) sont munis d'un bourrelet (49) engagé dans une rainure pratiquée sur chaque bride (38,41) .8. - Support cylinder according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the inner and outer edges of the membranes (36,39) are provided with a bead (49) engaged in a groove formed on each flange (38.41).
9. - Vérin support selon l'une quelconque des re¬ vendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la charge est reliée au couvercle adjacent (11) par une bielle (5).9. - Support cylinder according to any one of the preceding re¬ vendications, characterized in that the load is connected to the adjacent cover (11) by a connecting rod (5).
10 - Vérin support selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est solidaire à l'opposé de la charge (1) d'un moyen d'introduction (7) d'une force additionnelle. 11 - Vérin support selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le guidage de la partie mobile du vérin (3) constituée par les deux couvercles (11,12) est assuré par des lames métal¬ liques minces (17) reliant ces couvercles au corps (10). 12 - Application du vérin support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10 à la suspension d'un miroir de télescope.10 - Support cylinder according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is integral opposite the load (1) of an introduction means (7) of an additional force. 11 - Support cylinder according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guidance of the mobile part of the cylinder (3) constituted by the two covers (11,12) is ensured by thin metal blades (17) connecting these covers to the body (10). 12 - Application of the support cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 10 to the suspension of a telescope mirror.
13 - Application selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un réseau de vérins supports (3) liés au miroir et à une structure support (2) épousant la forme du miroir. 13 - Application according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises a network of support jacks (3) linked to the mirror and to a support structure (2) matching the shape of the mirror.
EP96909191A 1995-03-24 1996-03-25 Support cylinder for fragile and heavy structures, such as telescope mirrors Withdrawn EP0761022A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9503517A FR2732081B1 (en) 1995-03-24 1995-03-24 JACK SUPPORTING HEAVY AND FRAGILE STRUCTURES, SUCH AS A TELESCOPE MIRROR
FR9503517 1995-03-24
PCT/FR1996/000439 WO1996030965A1 (en) 1995-03-24 1996-03-25 Support cylinder for fragile and heavy structures, such as telescope mirrors

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0761022A1 true EP0761022A1 (en) 1997-03-12

Family

ID=9477416

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96909191A Withdrawn EP0761022A1 (en) 1995-03-24 1996-03-25 Support cylinder for fragile and heavy structures, such as telescope mirrors

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5907441A (en)
EP (1) EP0761022A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2732081B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996030965A1 (en)

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TW508653B (en) 2000-03-24 2002-11-01 Asml Netherlands Bv Lithographic projection apparatus and integrated circuit manufacturing method
WO2001074529A2 (en) 2000-03-30 2001-10-11 Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. Laser system and method for single pass micromachining of multilayer workpieces
US6398373B1 (en) * 2000-08-09 2002-06-04 Asml Us, Inc. Pneumatic control system and method for shaping deformable mirrors in lithographic projection systems
US6706998B2 (en) 2002-01-11 2004-03-16 Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. Simulated laser spot enlargement
US20040092004A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2004-05-13 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Sensor for detection of enzyme and enzyme detection method for aerosolized bacteria in the enviromnment
CN100529828C (en) * 2007-06-05 2009-08-19 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 Elastic element based three freedom degree precision movement support device

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1996030965A1 (en) 1996-10-03
FR2732081A1 (en) 1996-09-27
US5907441A (en) 1999-05-25
FR2732081B1 (en) 1997-05-16

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