EP0758693B1 - Semi-finished product for composite material - Google Patents

Semi-finished product for composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0758693B1
EP0758693B1 EP95112661A EP95112661A EP0758693B1 EP 0758693 B1 EP0758693 B1 EP 0758693B1 EP 95112661 A EP95112661 A EP 95112661A EP 95112661 A EP95112661 A EP 95112661A EP 0758693 B1 EP0758693 B1 EP 0758693B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
finished product
threads
semi
product according
yarns
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EP95112661A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0758693A1 (en
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Alfred Buck
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BUCK, ALFRED
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Individual
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Priority to EP95112661A priority Critical patent/EP0758693B1/en
Priority to DE59509754T priority patent/DE59509754D1/en
Priority to AT95112661T priority patent/ATE207554T1/en
Publication of EP0758693A1 publication Critical patent/EP0758693A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/041—Heat-responsive characteristics thermoplastic; thermosetting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/01—Surface features
    • D10B2403/011—Dissimilar front and back faces
    • D10B2403/0114—Dissimilar front and back faces with one or more yarns appearing predominantly on one face, e.g. plated or paralleled yarns
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs

Definitions

  • Thermoplastic materials are generally suitable very good at producing complicated molded parts. For this different approaches are known.
  • thermoplastic can take the form of Pellets are present and are in appropriate injection molding machines melted and into the injection mold Pressure filled. Such molded parts have only one limited strength that is due solely to the properties of the thermoplastic results. However, with the injection molding process so far essentially only parts that can be produced too unfavorable ratio between the wall thickness and the area of the wall in question.
  • thermoplastic first as to extrude large film, which is then deep-drawn is brought into its final form.
  • these parts have low strength.
  • Another technique is used applied, which is that long glass fibers in a not yet fully cured thermoplastic Resin be embedded and this tough mass in a form is given in which the mass is in the appropriate Form is formed and cured.
  • the disadvantage of this method is the limited shelf life of the semi-finished product, which tends to develop in the course of Time to harden completely so that it is no longer the desired, approximately chewing gum-like consistency. In the hardened Condition can usually be complicated Forms can no longer be introduced.
  • hybrid yarn that consists of approx. 64% carbon fibers and 38% polyamide fibers.
  • This yarn becomes one processed textile fabrics, for example a Knitted fabric. By exposure to heat while pressing at the same time of the knitted fabric can be a fiber-reinforced molded body be generated.
  • this hybrid yarn an extreme static charge when Knitting shows. The strong electrostatic charge hinders the knitting process, so that knitting or acting is not practically possible.
  • the hybrid yarn can only be combined with other textile fabrics, such as fabrics, Scrims and bobbins are processed, i.e. in processes, where the electrostatic charge is not occurs or does not bother.
  • the manufacturing operation the mixing ratio between the two materials don't vary.
  • the mixing ratio is due to the Structure of the hybrid yarn is fixed.
  • EP 0 310 200 A2 describes knitted fabrics which consist of two threads exist with different melting point. About the spatial distribution of the threads in the knitted fabric is nothing carried out further.
  • the use of the knitwear made from threads consists of two types of material, ensures that in each sufficiently large volume element of the textile fabric comparable amounts of the first and second materials available.
  • the semi-finished product so produced can be inserted into any shape that just warms need to be the thermoplastic second material to melt, i.e. to a temperature above of the glass transition point so that it is cohesive, i.e. permanent and firm with the threads can connect from the first material. Because of the even or uniform distribution of the threads of the second material in the semi-finished product is the as Binder-serving thermoplastic already inherently at the point where he pulls the strings of the first material should stick together.
  • the semi-finished product has the advantage that the mixing ratio between the two materials in manufacturing Operation is freely selectable.
  • thermoplastic over the entire area of the semi-finished product is available evenly distributed, the size of the finished product to be manufactured is practical unlimited.
  • stacking several layers of the semi-finished product according to the invention can be of any strength and workpieces of any size without further ado getting produced.
  • Semi-finished product is that fully cured and thus durable thermoplastic used becomes.
  • the semi-finished product is not subject to any processing special aging, the subsequent processing would complicate. It's neither sticky, either are special precautions for handling necessary, as is the case with some not fully cured Thermoplastics is the case.
  • the semi-finished product is essentially not together connected individual threads, it can also easily can be brought into almost any shape. One. Reshaping when inserting into the relevant shaping tool it does not oppose any special forces.
  • the second material expediently has a shape memory, such that when heated above a predetermined Temperature and subsequent cooling down the course that it held during the warming. This can be achieved in the manufacture the structure of the semi-finished product in a certain way is set, for example, by the threads of the first material is formed under a predetermined structure Bias are kept.
  • the first material is preferably not an organic material and can be made of materials such as metal, ceramic or other inorganic compounds can be selected.
  • the mechanical structure of the threads of the first material and the threads of the second material can be made accordingly the mechanical requirements in manufacturing, processing or the requirements for the finished product to be selected.
  • Carbon fibers or similar fibers are continuous fibers under certain circumstances can only be manufactured to a limited extent, which is why yarns from staple fibers can be useful there.
  • the long mesh legs in turn result in a good one Strength of the semi-finished product produced according to the invention Finished product.
  • the threads can be made from the first and the second material either randomly distributed on the front and the back, which makes it easy uniform penetration of the first threads formed knits with the thermoplastic Material is achieved.
  • a so-called plated goods are used, in which the thermoplastic thread only on one and the non-thermoplastic thread on the other side located.
  • Such a semi-finished product becomes a finished product processed can be by brief exposure of heat a full penetration of the knitted fabric from the threads of the first material through the thermoplastic Plastic can be prevented, resulting in one side the knitted character is retained.
  • the processing of the semi-finished product can be simplified, if it is as a flat fabric with a certain internal tension is pre-fixed.
  • This pre-fixation can either be achieved by the semi-finished product is heated to a temperature at which the second material not yet cohesive with other parts of the semi-finished product connects, but already shape memory the state is reprogrammed during the warming occupies. Then let it cool down then keep the threads of the at ambient temperature second material essentially their shape into which brought them to the fixing temperature during heating were.
  • Such a semi-finished product is still very elastic.
  • the proportion of threads of the same material depends on the strength of the finished product or that in the finished product contained binder content.
  • the right / left knitted fabric consists of two threads 4 and 5 from a first and one second material. These two threads 4 and 5 are common entangled, and that is how they become when entangled inserted into the needles of the respective knitting machine, that randomly and randomly distributed the thread 4 or the thread 5 on the front or right side of the knitted fabric 20 appears. For example, with one Stitch 21 of thread 4 in left stitch leg 22 in front, while he is in the right mesh leg 23 on the viewer facing back runs.
  • the first material from which the thread 4 is made is preferred not an organic material, but a material that of the materials metal, ceramic or other inorganic Compounds like mineral fibers is selected.
  • the thread 5, however, consists of a thermoplastic Plastic.
  • a thermoplastic material Plastic in question, which is suitable for heating cohesive with yourself or the material for the first thread 4 to connect. If liability is insufficient, there is also the possibility that to coat the first thread 4 with a third material, that as an adhesion promoter or bond bridge between serves the second material and the first material.
  • the threads 4 can be yarns, spun fiber yarns, continuous yarns, Monifile, plied yarns or threads, as well the threads 5 yarns, spun fiber yarn, continuous yarn, monofilament, can be plied yarns or threads, whereby the type of thread 4 differ from the type of thread 5 can.
  • the threads 5 are expediently from the second Material, the thermoplastic, continuous yarn or monofilament or threads made from it, since it corresponding continuous filaments is readily possible to manufacture.
  • the knitted fabric 20 can be a flat knitted fabric on a flat knitting machine or as a hose on a circular knitting machine be generated. It expediently becomes immediate after knitting fixed by heating, taking two Cases can be distinguished. In one case the Fix the temperature of the knitted fabric 20 only increased so far that the existing of the thermoplastic Thread 5 is not yet melting, but straight just force-free assumes the course that the knitted fabric 20 during fixation due to external forces assumes. Then the knitted fabric 20 is left without the outside attacking forces change again Cool to room temperature, so that the threads 5 from the thermoplastic Plastic permanently in the desired mesh structure are reshaped. Even when you take the knitted fabric 20 does not jump under external prestressing forces more back to its original shape. Such a way prefixed knitted fabric 20 has practically the original Pliability and can be done without effort bring it into almost any shape, practically wrinkle-free.
  • Another way of pre-fixing is to increase the temperature of the knitted fabric 20 until locally the thread 5 made of the thermoplastic material becomes sticky on the surface and becomes at the crossing points with the others above or below Threads 4, 5 cohesively. After cooling at ambient temperature is a selective already get consolidated tissue that is much stiffer than that which is obtained when the heating temperature is only pushed so far until the shape memory of the thermoplastic on the other course the thread 4 is reprogrammed.
  • the knitted fabric 20 thus obtained can be used by the user in a heated mold are inserted, the semi-finished product 1 brings a temperature at which the threads 5 from the second Melt the material so that its material is even distributed over the entire surface and thereby the threads embedded in the melted material 4 made of the first material Bonding connects. After cooling, one becomes in itself stiff and solidified molded part that also just be can get.
  • the knitted fabric 20 shown in Fig. 1 can either Finished product if, for example, a wallpaper should form or it is a semi-finished product from which, as before described, molded parts can be pressed.
  • pressing represent those made of thermoplastic Threads the evenly distributed binder supply with the help of those embedded in the finished molded part Reinforcement from the entangled threads 4 is wrapped.
  • the ratio between the amount of Binder to the amount of reinforcement insert by the Volume ratio between the threads 4 and the threads 5 can be controlled or adjusted.
  • thermoplastic binder Because the thread 4 from the thermoplastic material happens to be distributed on the front and back of the Knitted fabric 20 lies when pressing the semi-finished product in the corresponding shaped body, a shaped body in which the insert runs largely in the middle, i.e. at both The side of the insert is a thermoplastic binder available.
  • a major advantage is that the with processed thread 5 or possibly several threads 5 made of thermoplastic material practically no aging have, with which the semifinished product 20 or 30 any length can be stored in the molded part until processing. Moreover is the thread 5 made of thermoplastic material not sticky at ambient temperature, which results in further processing also represents a significant advantage.
  • thermoplastic Plastic is in every volume element of the Semi-finished product 20 or 30 the same stock of binder, formed by the thread 5 made of thermoplastic material.
  • the binder only needs to be stretched when pressed according to the size of the mesh size. Thereby can make large-scale, rationally shaped parts are produced, which otherwise only with the help of a Laminating technology would be producible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

A finished, or for mfr. of shaped parts, half-finished prod. (20) comprises a fabric mesh in which one thread (4) has been mfd. from a first and another (5) from a second material, at least the latter being thermoplastic. The second material has a softening temp. (second order transition point) lower than that of the first and when heated beyond a given temp. binds as one with the first material and itself. The two threads are distributed evenly over the sheet surface. Also claimed is a similar prod. but where the first thread is coated with a third material. When heated as before the second material binds as one with the coating and itself. Also claimed is a wall-covering made from the prod.. Pref. the second material has shape memory, i.e. after being heated then cooled it retains the shape it had during heating. The first material is non-organic, e.g. metal, ceramic or other inorganic compound and at least its threads are yarn, spun yarn, endless yarn, a monofil, doubled or twisted yarn and its fibres single or staple. The second material threads can be similarly chosen. The mesh is a knit which has plain stitches on both sides, purl on both sides or plain on one and purl on the other, each stitch being formed from a thread of the first and a thread of the second material. The knit has materials distributed randomly on each side or it is a plated knit, the first material appearing on one side and the second on the other. The knit is pre-stretched in at least one direction, pref. parallel with the stitch wales and fixed in its stretched state. Stitch sides have a length between 2 and 12, pref. 4 and 8, most pref. about 6 mm.

Description

Grundsätzlich eignen sich thermoplastische Kunststoffe sehr gut dazu, komplizierte Formteile herzustellen. Hierzu sind unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen bekannt.Thermoplastic materials are generally suitable very good at producing complicated molded parts. For this different approaches are known.

Der thermoplastische Kunststoff kann in Gestalt von Pellets vorliegen und wird in entsprechenden Spritzgußmaschinen aufgeschmolzen und in die Spritzgußform unter Druck eingefüllt. Derartige Formteile haben nur eine begrenzte Festigkeit, die sich ausschließlich aufgrund der Eigenschaften des thermoplastischen Kunststoffes ergibt. Allerdings sind mit dem Spritzgußverfahren bislang im wesentlichen nur Teile hergestellbar, die kein allzu ungünstiges Verhältnis zwischen der Wandstärke und der Fläche der betreffenden Wand aufweisen.The thermoplastic can take the form of Pellets are present and are in appropriate injection molding machines melted and into the injection mold Pressure filled. Such molded parts have only one limited strength that is due solely to the properties of the thermoplastic results. However, with the injection molding process so far essentially only parts that can be produced too unfavorable ratio between the wall thickness and the area of the wall in question.

Bei ungünstigeren Verhältnissen, also Teilen, die, bezogen auf ihre flächige Ausdehnung, verhältnismäßig dünn sind, wird eine andere Vorgehensweise bevorzugt, die darin besteht, den thermoplastischen Kunststoff zunächst als große Folie zu extrudieren, die sodann im Tiefziehverfahren in die endgültige Gestalt gebracht wird. Auch diese Teile haben eine geringe Festigkeit. Zum Erhöhen der Festigkeit bleibt nichts anderes übrig, als Fasern einzubetten. In diesem Falle wird eine andere Technik angewendet, die darin besteht, daß lange Glasfasern in ein noch nicht vollständig ausgehärtetes thermoplastisches Harz eingebettet werden und diese zähe Masse in eine Form gegeben wird, in der die Masse in die entsprechende Gestalt umgeformt und ausgehärtet wird. Nachteilig bei diesem Verfahren ist die begrenzte Haltbarkeit des Halbzeugs, das dazu neigt, im Laufe der Zeit vollständig auszuhärten, so daß es nicht mehr die gewünschte, etwa kaugummiartige Konsistenz hat. Im ausgehärteten Zustand kann es in der Regel in komplizierte Formen nicht mehr eingebracht werden.With less favorable conditions, i.e. parts that are related on their areal extent, are relatively thin, another approach is preferred, which is the thermoplastic first as to extrude large film, which is then deep-drawn is brought into its final form. Also these parts have low strength. To increase there is nothing left of strength other than fibers embed. In this case another technique is used applied, which is that long glass fibers in a not yet fully cured thermoplastic Resin be embedded and this tough mass in a form is given in which the mass is in the appropriate Form is formed and cured. The disadvantage of this method is the limited shelf life of the semi-finished product, which tends to develop in the course of Time to harden completely so that it is no longer the desired, approximately chewing gum-like consistency. In the hardened Condition can usually be complicated Forms can no longer be introduced.

Es wurde deswegen bereits versucht, in die Form die Fasern einzulegen und anschließend die Form mit dem thermoplastischen Material zu füllen. Auch hierbei sind Probleme aufgetreten, die durch das Fasermaterial hervorgerufen werden, das einerseits von dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff zur Seite gedrückt wird und andererseits eine gleichmäßige Durchdringung verhindert, da das Fasermaterial für den thermoplastischen Kunststoff wie eine Art Filter wirkt.It has therefore already been tried to shape the fibers insert and then the mold with the thermoplastic Fill material. Here, too, there were problems caused by the fiber material the one hand from the thermoplastic is pushed aside and on the other hand an even one Penetration prevented because the fiber material for the thermoplastic acts like a kind of filter.

Die für großflächige Teile bislang praktikabelste Technik besteht darin, auf einen Formkörper ein Glasgewebe oder Glasrovings Schicht für Schicht aufzulaminieren. Diese Laminiertechnik ist außerordentlich aufwendig und deswegen nur bei von Haus aus teuren Gegenständen einigermaßen rentabel.The most practical technology for large-scale parts consists of a glass fabric or a molded body Laminate glass rovings layer by layer. This Laminating technology is extremely complex and therefore only reasonably with objects that are expensive from home profitable.

Darüber hinaus ist es aus der DE-A-41 37 406 bekannt, ein Hybridgarn herzustellen, das aus ca. 64% Kohlenstoffasern und 38% Polyamidfasern besteht. Dieses Garn wird zu einem textilen Flächengebilde verarbeitet, beispielsweise ein Gestrick. Durch Wärmeeinwirkung bei gleichzeitigem Pressen des Gestricks kann daraus ein faserverstärkter Formkörper erzeugt werden. Allerdings hat die Praxis gezeigt, daß dieses Hybridgarn eine extreme statische Aufladung beim Stricken zeigt. Die starke elektrostatische Aufladung behindert den Strickvorgang, so daß ein Stricken oder Wirken parktisch nicht möglich ist. Das Hybridgarn kann nur zu anderen textilen Flächengebilden, wie Geweben, Gelegen und Wickelkörpern verarbeitet werden, also in Verfahren, bei denen die elektrostatische Aufladung nicht auftritt oder nicht stört.In addition, it is known from DE-A-41 37 406, a To produce hybrid yarn that consists of approx. 64% carbon fibers and 38% polyamide fibers. This yarn becomes one processed textile fabrics, for example a Knitted fabric. By exposure to heat while pressing at the same time of the knitted fabric can be a fiber-reinforced molded body be generated. However, practice has shown that this hybrid yarn an extreme static charge when Knitting shows. The strong electrostatic charge hinders the knitting process, so that knitting or acting is not practically possible. The hybrid yarn can only be combined with other textile fabrics, such as fabrics, Scrims and bobbins are processed, i.e. in processes, where the electrostatic charge is not occurs or does not bother.

Ferner kann bei dem Hybridgarn der verarbeitende Betrieb das Mischungsverhältnis zwischen den beiden Materialien nicht variieren. Das Mischungsverhältnis ist durch den Aufbau des Hybridgarns fest vorgegeben.Furthermore, in the hybrid yarn, the manufacturing operation the mixing ratio between the two materials don't vary. The mixing ratio is due to the Structure of the hybrid yarn is fixed.

Darüber hinaus ist es aus der WO 93/21367 bekannt, auf einer Rundstrickmaschine ein zweifädiges Gestrick herzustellen. Der eine Faden ist ein-Kupferfaden, während der andere Faden aus Polyamid besteht. Die erzeugte Ware ist eine sogenannte plattierte Ware, bei der sich in das Kupfer auf der einen Seite des textilen Flächengebildes befindet, währen der Kunststoff ausschließlich auf der anderen Seite liegt. Das erzeugte Gebilde diente der Abschirmung von elektrischen Feldern und ist dazu vorgesehen, nachträglich mit Kunststoff umspritzt zu werden.In addition, it is known from WO 93/21367 on a Circular knitting machine to produce a two-ply knitted fabric. One thread is a copper thread, while the other Thread made of polyamide. The product is a so-called plated goods, in which is in the copper one side of the fabric is during the plastic only on the other side lies. The structure created was used to shield electrical fields and is intended to be retrofitted to be encapsulated with plastic.

Die EP 0 310 200 A2 beschreibt Gestricke, die aus zwei Fäden mit unterschiedlichem Schmelzpunkt bestehen. Über die räumliche Verteilung der Fäden in dem Gestrick ist nichts weiter ausgeführt.EP 0 310 200 A2 describes knitted fabrics which consist of two threads exist with different melting point. About the spatial distribution of the threads in the knitted fabric is nothing carried out further.

Ausgehend hiervon ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Halbzeug zur Herstellung großflächiger Formteile zu schaffen, das mit geringem Aufwand herstellbar ist.Based on this, it is an object of the invention to To create semi-finished products for the production of large-area molded parts, that can be produced with little effort.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Halbzeug mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. This object is achieved by a semi-finished product the features of claim 1 solved.

Die Verwendung der Maschenware, die aus Fäden zweierlei Materials besteht, sorgt dafür, daß in jedem genügend großen Volumenelement des textilen Flächengebildes vergleichbare Mengen des ersten und des zweiten Materials vorhanden sind. Das so hergestellte Halbzeug kann in beliebige Formen eingelegt werden, die lediglich erwärmt werden müssen, um das thermoplastische zweite Material aufzuschmelzen, d.h. auf eine Temperatur oberhalb des Glasumwandlungspunktes zu bringen, so daß es sich stoffschlüssig, d.h. dauerhaft und fest mit den Fäden aus dem ersten Material verbinden kann. Wegen der gleichmäßigen oder gleichförmigen Verteilung der Fäden des zweiten Materials in dem Halbzeug befindet sich der als Bindemittel dienende thermoplastische Kunststoff bereits von Haus aus an derjenigen Stelle, an der er die Fäden des ersten Materials miteinander verkleben soll. Er braucht keine weiten Strecken zu fließen, da unmittelbar das Bindemittel in Gestalt der Fäden aus dem zweiten Material bereitsteht. Deformationen des textilen Flächengebildes durch Fließen des thermoplastischen Materials sind dadurch ebenso ausgeschlossen wie Fehlstellen, hervorgerufen durch einen Mangel an thermoplastischem Kunststoff zum Verbinden der Fäden aus dem ersten Material.The use of the knitwear made from threads consists of two types of material, ensures that in each sufficiently large volume element of the textile fabric comparable amounts of the first and second materials available. The semi-finished product so produced can can be inserted into any shape that just warms need to be the thermoplastic second material to melt, i.e. to a temperature above of the glass transition point so that it is cohesive, i.e. permanent and firm with the threads can connect from the first material. Because of the even or uniform distribution of the threads of the second material in the semi-finished product is the as Binder-serving thermoplastic already inherently at the point where he pulls the strings of the first material should stick together. He does not need to flow long distances because it is immediate the binder in the form of the threads from the second material is available. Deformations of the textile Fabric by flowing the thermoplastic material are excluded as well as defects, caused by a lack of thermoplastic Plastic for connecting the threads from the first material.

Ferner hat das Halbzeug den Vorteil, daß das Mischungsverhältnis zwischen den beiden Materialien im verarbeitenden Betrieb praktisch beliebig frei wählbar ist.Furthermore, the semi-finished product has the advantage that the mixing ratio between the two materials in manufacturing Operation is freely selectable.

Eventuell sonst auftretende elektrostatische Aufladung kann dadurch verhindert werden, daß das sich elektrostatisch aufladende Material vor dem Verarbeitungsvorgang entsprechend vorbehandelt wird. Aufgrund der Tatsache, daß beide Materialien getrennt vorbearbeitet werden können, lassen sich Probleme beim Verstricken weitgehend verhindern.Any electrostatic charge that might otherwise occur can be prevented by electrostatic charging material before processing is pretreated accordingly. Due to the fact, that both materials are pre-processed separately problems in knitting can be largely prevent.

Da der thermoplastische Kunststoff über die gesamte Fläche des Halbzeugs gleichmäßig verteilt zur Verfügung steht, ist die Größe des herzustellenden Fertigfabrikats praktisch unbegrenzt. Durch Übereinanderlegen mehrerer Lagen des erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeugs können beliebig starke und in der Fläche beliebig große Werkstücke ohne weiteres hergestellt werden.Because the thermoplastic over the entire area of the semi-finished product is available evenly distributed, the size of the finished product to be manufactured is practical unlimited. By stacking several layers of the semi-finished product according to the invention can be of any strength and workpieces of any size without further ado getting produced.

Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeugs besteht darin, daß fertig ausgehärteter und somit dauerhafter thermoplastischer Kunststoff verwendet wird. Das Halbzeug unterliegt vor der Verarbeitung keiner besonderen Alterung, die eine nachträgliche Verarbeitung erschweren würde. Es ist auch weder klebrig, noch sind besondere Vorsichtsmaßnahmen bei der Handhabung notwendig, wie dies bei manchen, nicht vollständig ausgehärteten Thermoplasten der Fall ist.Another significant advantage of the invention Semi-finished product is that fully cured and thus durable thermoplastic used becomes. The semi-finished product is not subject to any processing special aging, the subsequent processing would complicate. It's neither sticky, either are special precautions for handling necessary, as is the case with some not fully cured Thermoplastics is the case.

Da das Halbzeug aus im wesentlichen nicht miteinander verbundenen einzelnen Fäden besteht, kann es auch leicht in nahezu jede beliebige Form gebracht werden. Einem. Umformen beim Einlegen in das betreffende Formgebungswerkzeug setzt es keine besonderen Kräfte entgegen.Since the semi-finished product is essentially not together connected individual threads, it can also easily can be brought into almost any shape. One. Reshaping when inserting into the relevant shaping tool it does not oppose any special forces.

Falls aus bestimmten anderen Gesichtspunkten heraus für das erste Material ein Stoff in Frage kommt, der sich nicht unmittelbar mit dem zweiten Material stoffschlüssig verbindet, besteht die Möglichkeit, die Fäden des ersten Materials mit einem als Haftvermittler dienenden dritten Material vor der Verarbeitung zu beschichten.If from certain other points of view for the first material a substance comes into question which is not directly integral with the second material connects, it is possible to untangle the threads of the first material with a bonding agent to coat third material before processing.

Zweckmäßigerweise hat das zweite Material ein Formgedächtnis, derart, daß es bei Erwärmung über eine vorbestimmte Temperatur und anschließende Abkühlung den Verlauf beibehält, den es während der Erwärmung inne hatte. Dadurch kann erreicht werden, daß bei der Herstellung des Halbzeugs die Struktur in bestimmter Weise vorher festgelegt wird, wodurch beispielsweise die von den Fäden des ersten Materials gebildete Struktur unter einer vorbestimmten Vorspannung gehalten werden.The second material expediently has a shape memory, such that when heated above a predetermined Temperature and subsequent cooling down the course that it held during the warming. This can be achieved in the manufacture the structure of the semi-finished product in a certain way is set, for example, by the threads of the first material is formed under a predetermined structure Bias are kept.

Das erste Material ist vorzugsweise kein organisches Material und kann aus Stoffen wie Metall, Keramik oder anderen anorganischen Verbindungen ausgewählt sein.The first material is preferably not an organic material and can be made of materials such as metal, ceramic or other inorganic compounds can be selected.

Der mechanische Aufbau der Fäden des ersten Materials und der Fäden des zweiten Materials kann entsprechend den mechanischen Anforderungen bei der Herstellung, Verarbeitung oder den Anforderungen an das Fertigprodukt ausgewählt werden. So ist es beispielsweise besonders einfach, wenn die Fäden aus dem zweiten Material Endlosgarne oder Monofile sind, da sich der thermoplastische Kunststoff ohne weiteres in diese Form bringen läßt. Bei Karbonfasern oder ähnlichen Fasern sind Endlosfasern unter Umständen nur bedingt herstellbar, weshalb Garne aus Stapelfasern dort zweckmäßig sein können.The mechanical structure of the threads of the first material and the threads of the second material can be made accordingly the mechanical requirements in manufacturing, processing or the requirements for the finished product to be selected. For example, it is special easy when the threads from the second material are continuous yarns or monofilaments because the thermoplastic Plastic can easily be brought into this shape. At Carbon fibers or similar fibers are continuous fibers under certain circumstances can only be manufactured to a limited extent, which is why yarns from staple fibers can be useful there.

Für die Gestricke oder Gewirke kommen grundsätzlich alle Bindungsarten in Frage, wobei einfache Bindungsarten bevorzugt werden, weil sie die geringste Anzahl von Kreuzungspunkten im Bereich der Maschen aufweisen. Wegen der einfacheren Verarbeitung wird einfaches rechts/links Gestrick bevorzugt, weil bei diesem Gestrick ohne weiteres lange Maschenschenkel erzeugt werden können.Basically everyone comes for the knitted or crocheted Types of weave in question, with simple weave preferred because they have the least number of crossing points have in the area of the stitches. Because of the simpler Processing becomes simple right / left knitted fabric preferred because with this knitted fabric it is easy for a long time Mesh legs can be generated.

Die langen Maschenschenkel wiederum ergeben eine gute Festigkeit des aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeug hergestellten Fertigproduktes.The long mesh legs in turn result in a good one Strength of the semi-finished product produced according to the invention Finished product.

Bei der Maschenware können die Fäden aus dem ersten und dem zweiten Material entweder zufällig verteilt an der Vorder- und der Rückseite liegen, wodurch eine leichte gleichmäßige Durchdringung des aus den ersten Fäden gebildeten Gestricks mit dem thermoplastischen Material erzielt wird. Andererseits kann auch eine sogenannte platierte Ware verwendet werden, bei der sich der thermoplastische Faden ausschließlich auf einer und der nichtthermoplastische Faden auf der anderen Seite befindet. Wird ein solches Halbzeug zum Fertigprodukt verarbeitet, kann durch entsprechende kurze Einwirkung von Wärme eine vollständige Durchdringung des Gestricks aus den Fäden des ersten Materials durch den thermoplastischen Kunststoff verhindert werden, wodurch auf einer Seite der Gestrickcharakter erhalten bleibt. In the case of the knitted fabric, the threads can be made from the first and the second material either randomly distributed on the front and the back, which makes it easy uniform penetration of the first threads formed knits with the thermoplastic Material is achieved. On the other hand, a so-called plated goods are used, in which the thermoplastic thread only on one and the non-thermoplastic thread on the other side located. Such a semi-finished product becomes a finished product processed, can be by brief exposure of heat a full penetration of the knitted fabric from the threads of the first material through the thermoplastic Plastic can be prevented, resulting in one side the knitted character is retained.

Die Verarbeitung des Halbzeugs läßt sich vereinfachen, wenn es als eben liegendes Flächengebilde mit einer gewissen inneren Spannung vorfixiert ist. Diese Vorfixierung läßt sich entweder erreichen, indem das Halbzeug auf eine Temperatur erwärmt wird, bei der das zweite Material sich noch nicht stoffschlüssig mit anderen Teilen des Halbzeugs verbindet, aber bereits Formgedächtnis auf den Zustand umprogrammiert wird, den es während der Erwärmung einnimmt. Durch anschließendes Abkühlenlassen auf Umgebungstemperatur behalten dann die Fäden des zweiten Materials im wesentlichen ihre Gestalt, in die sie während des Erwärmens auf die Fixiertemperatur gebracht wurden. Ein solches Halbzeug ist nach wie vor sehr elastisch.The processing of the semi-finished product can be simplified, if it is as a flat fabric with a certain internal tension is pre-fixed. This pre-fixation can either be achieved by the semi-finished product is heated to a temperature at which the second material not yet cohesive with other parts of the semi-finished product connects, but already shape memory the state is reprogrammed during the warming occupies. Then let it cool down then keep the threads of the at ambient temperature second material essentially their shape into which brought them to the fixing temperature during heating were. Such a semi-finished product is still very elastic.

Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die Temperatur beim Fixieren weiter zu erhöhen, so weit, bis bereits Teile der Fäden des zweiten Materials beginnen, sich stoffschlüssig mit anderen Teilen des Halbzeugs zu verbinden. Hierdurch entsteht eine punktuelle Verbindung der Fäden des zweiten Materials mit sich selbst oder mit Fäden des ersten Materials. Nach dem Abkühlen auf die Umgebungstemperatur wird wegen der punktuellen Verbindung ein vergleichsweise recht steifes Halbzeug erhalten,das aber dennoch eine begrenzte Beweglichkeit hat und ohne Schaden auch in komplizierte Formen eingelegt werden kann, insbesondere dann, wenn während des Einlegens gleichzeitig durch Heizen die Fixierpunkte wiederum gelöst werden.There is also the possibility of changing the temperature when fixing continue to increase until parts of the Threads of the second material begin to become cohesive to connect with other parts of the semi-finished product. Hereby there is a selective connection of the threads of the second Material with itself or with threads of the first material. After cooling to ambient temperature becomes a comparative because of the point connection got quite stiff semi-finished product, but still one has limited mobility and without damage even in complicated shapes can be inserted, in particular then when heating simultaneously during insertion the fixing points are released again.

Der Anteil an Fäden gleichen Materials richtet sich nach der Festigkeit des Fertigproduktes bzw. dem im Fertigprodukt enthaltenen Bindemittelanteil.The proportion of threads of the same material depends on the strength of the finished product or that in the finished product contained binder content.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele des Gegenstandes der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Halbzeug in Gestalt eines rechts/links Gestricks mit zufälligem Verlauf der Fäden des zweiten Materials und
Exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a semifinished product in the form of a right / left knitted fabric with a random course of the threads of the second material and

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Halbzeug 20 in Gestalt eines textilen Flächengebildes, das von einem rechts/links Gestrick gebildet ist. Das rechts/links Gestrick besteht aus zwei Fäden 4 und 5 aus einem ersten und einem zweiten Material. Diese beiden Fäden 4 und 5 sind gemeinsam verstrickt, und zwar werden sie beim Verstricken so in die Nadeln der jeweiligen Strickmaschine eingelegt, daß willkürlich und zufällig verteilt der Faden 4 oder der Faden 5 an der Vorder- oder rechten Seite des Gestrickes 20 erscheint. So ist beispielsweise bei einer Masche 21 der Faden 4 im linken Maschenschenkel 22 vorne, während er im rechten Maschenschenkel 23 an der vom Betrachter abgewandten Rückseite verläuft.1 shows a semi-finished product 20 in the form of a textile Fabric formed by a right / left knitted fabric is formed. The right / left knitted fabric consists of two threads 4 and 5 from a first and one second material. These two threads 4 and 5 are common entangled, and that is how they become when entangled inserted into the needles of the respective knitting machine, that randomly and randomly distributed the thread 4 or the thread 5 on the front or right side of the knitted fabric 20 appears. For example, with one Stitch 21 of thread 4 in left stitch leg 22 in front, while he is in the right mesh leg 23 on the viewer facing back runs.

Das erste Material, aus dem der Faden 4 besteht, ist bevorzugt kein organisches Material, sondern ein Material, das aus den Stoffen Metall, Keramik oder sonstige anorganische Verbindungen wie Mineralfasern ausgewählt ist. Der Faden 5 dagegen besteht aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff. Als thermoplastisches Material kommt jeder Kunststoff in Frage, der geeignet ist, sich durch Erwärmen stoffschlüssig mit sich selbst oder dem Material für den ersten Faden 4 zu verbinden. Falls die Haftung unzureichend ist, besteht auch die Möglichkeit, den ersten Faden 4 mit einem dritten Material zu beschichten, das als Haftvermittler oder Haftbrücke zwischen dem zweiten Material und dem ersten Material dient.The first material from which the thread 4 is made is preferred not an organic material, but a material that of the materials metal, ceramic or other inorganic Compounds like mineral fibers is selected. The thread 5, however, consists of a thermoplastic Plastic. Everyone comes as a thermoplastic material Plastic in question, which is suitable for heating cohesive with yourself or the material for the first thread 4 to connect. If liability is insufficient, there is also the possibility that to coat the first thread 4 with a third material, that as an adhesion promoter or bond bridge between serves the second material and the first material.

Die Fäden 4 können Garne, Spinnfasergarne, Endlosgarne, Monifile, gefachte Garne oder Zwirne sein, ebenso wie die Fäden 5 Garne, Spinnfasergarne, Endlosgarne, Monofile, gefachte Garne oder Zwirne sein können, wobei die Art des Fadens 4 von der Art des Fadens 5 abweichen kann. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Fäden 5 aus dem zweiten Material, dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, Endlosgarne oder Monofile oder daraus hergestellte Zwirne, da es ohne weiteres möglich ist, entsprechende Endlosfilamente herzustellen. The threads 4 can be yarns, spun fiber yarns, continuous yarns, Monifile, plied yarns or threads, as well the threads 5 yarns, spun fiber yarn, continuous yarn, monofilament, can be plied yarns or threads, whereby the type of thread 4 differ from the type of thread 5 can. The threads 5 are expediently from the second Material, the thermoplastic, continuous yarn or monofilament or threads made from it, since it corresponding continuous filaments is readily possible to manufacture.

Das Gestrick 20 kann als Flachgestrick auf einer Flachstrickmaschine oder als Schlauch auf einer Rundstrickmaschine erzeugt werden. Zweckmäßigerweise wird es unmittelbar nach dem Stricken durch Erwärmen fixiert, wobei zwei Fälle unterschieden werden können. Im einen Fall wird beim Fixieren die Temperatur des Gestricks 20 nur so weit erhöht, daß der aus dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff bestehende Faden 5 noch nicht aufschmilzt, sondern gerade eben kräftefrei den Verlauf annimmt, den das Gestrick 20 während des Fixierens aufgrund außen angreifender Kräfte annimmt. Sodann läßt man das Gestrick 20,ohne die von außen angreifenden Kräfte zu verändern, sich wieder auf Raumtemperatur abkühlen, womit die Fäden 5 aus dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff dauerhaft in die gewünschte Maschenstruktur umgeformt sind. Selbst beim Wegnehmen der äußeren Vorspannkräfte springt das Gestrick 20 nicht mehr in seine ursprüngliche Gestalt zurück. Ein solchermaßen vorfixiertes Gestrick 20 hat praktisch die ursprüngliche Schmiegsamkeit und läßt sich ohne Kraftaufwand in nahezu jede beliebige Form bringen,und das praktisch faltenfrei.The knitted fabric 20 can be a flat knitted fabric on a flat knitting machine or as a hose on a circular knitting machine be generated. It expediently becomes immediate after knitting fixed by heating, taking two Cases can be distinguished. In one case the Fix the temperature of the knitted fabric 20 only increased so far that the existing of the thermoplastic Thread 5 is not yet melting, but straight just force-free assumes the course that the knitted fabric 20 during fixation due to external forces assumes. Then the knitted fabric 20 is left without the outside attacking forces change again Cool to room temperature, so that the threads 5 from the thermoplastic Plastic permanently in the desired mesh structure are reshaped. Even when you take the knitted fabric 20 does not jump under external prestressing forces more back to its original shape. Such a way prefixed knitted fabric 20 has practically the original Pliability and can be done without effort bring it into almost any shape, practically wrinkle-free.

Eine andere Möglichkeit der Vorfixierung besteht darin, die Temperatur des Gestricks 20 so weit zu erhöhen, bis lokal der Faden 5 aus dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff an der Oberfläche klebrig wird und sich an den Kreuzungsstellen mit den darüber oder darunter verlaufenden anderen Fäden 4, 5 stoffschlüssig verbindet. Nach dem Abkühlen auf Umgebungstemperatur ist ein punktuell bereits verfestigtes Gewebe erhalten, das wesentlich steifer ist als das, das erhalten wird, wenn die Erwärmungstemperatur gerade nur so weit getrieben wird, bis das Formgedächtnis des thermoplastischen Kunststoffes auf den anderen Verlauf des Fadens 4 umprogrammiert wird. Another way of pre-fixing is to increase the temperature of the knitted fabric 20 until locally the thread 5 made of the thermoplastic material becomes sticky on the surface and becomes at the crossing points with the others above or below Threads 4, 5 cohesively. After cooling at ambient temperature is a selective already get consolidated tissue that is much stiffer than that which is obtained when the heating temperature is only pushed so far until the shape memory of the thermoplastic on the other course the thread 4 is reprogrammed.

Das so erhaltene Gestrick 20 kann beim Verwender in eine beheizbare Form eingelegt werden, die das Halbzeug 1 auf eine Temperatur bringt, bei der die Fäden 5 aus dem zweiten Material aufschmelzen, so daß sich deren Material gleichmäßig über die gesamte Fläche verteilt und dadurch die in dem aufgeschmolzenen Material eingebetteten Fäden 4 aus dem ersten Material stoffschlüssig miteinander durch Verkleben verbindet. Nach dem Erkalten wird ein in sich steifes und verfestigtes Formteil, das auch eben sein kann, erhalten.The knitted fabric 20 thus obtained can be used by the user in a heated mold are inserted, the semi-finished product 1 brings a temperature at which the threads 5 from the second Melt the material so that its material is even distributed over the entire surface and thereby the threads embedded in the melted material 4 made of the first material Bonding connects. After cooling, one becomes in itself stiff and solidified molded part that also just be can get.

Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Gestrick 20 kann entweder das Fertigprodukt sein, wenn es beispielsweise eine Tapete bilden soll oder es ist ein Halbzeug, aus dem, wie vorher beschrieben, Formteile gepreßt werden können. Beim Pressen stellen die aus dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff bestehenden Fäden den gleichmäßiger verteilten Bindemittelvorrat dar, mit dessen Hilfe die im fertigen Formteil eingebettete Verstärkung aus den verstrickten Fäden 4 eingehüllt ist.The knitted fabric 20 shown in Fig. 1 can either Finished product if, for example, a wallpaper should form or it is a semi-finished product from which, as before described, molded parts can be pressed. When pressing represent those made of thermoplastic Threads the evenly distributed binder supply with the help of those embedded in the finished molded part Reinforcement from the entangled threads 4 is wrapped.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß besonders feste Formteile erhalten werden können, wenn das Stricken so erfolgt, daß die Maschenschenkel 22, 23 eine Länge von größer 2 mm aufweisen. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Länge der Maschenschenkel 22, 23 zwischen 2 mm und 12 mm, besser zwischen 4 mm und 8 mm. Unter bestimmten Umständen können besonders gute Verhältnisse mit 6 mm Schenkellänge erzielt werden.It has been shown that particularly solid molded parts are obtained can be if the knitting is done so that the Mesh legs 22, 23 have a length of greater than 2 mm. The length of the mesh legs is preferably 22, 23 between 2 mm and 12 mm, better between 4 mm and 8 mm. Under certain circumstances, particularly good ones Ratios with 6 mm leg length can be achieved.

Wie vorerwähnt, kann das Verhältnis zwischen der Menge an Bindemittel zu der Menge an Verstärkungseinlage durch das Volumenverhältnis zwischen den Fäden 4 und den Fäden 5 gesteuert bzw. eingestellt werden.As mentioned above, the ratio between the amount of Binder to the amount of reinforcement insert by the Volume ratio between the threads 4 and the threads 5 can be controlled or adjusted.

Weil der Faden 4 aus dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff zufällig verteilt an der Vorder- und an der Rückseite des Gestricks 20 liegt, entsteht beim Pressen des Halbzeugs in den entsprechenden Formkörper ein Formkörper, bei dem die Einlage weitgehend in der Mitte verläuft, d.h. an beiden Seiten der Einlage ist thermoplastisches Bindemittel vorhanden.Because the thread 4 from the thermoplastic material happens to be distributed on the front and back of the Knitted fabric 20 lies when pressing the semi-finished product in the corresponding shaped body, a shaped body in which the insert runs largely in the middle, i.e. at both The side of the insert is a thermoplastic binder available.

In der Fig. 1 ist jeweils ein einfaches rechts/ links Gestrick gezeigt. Dieses Gestrick ist auch mit großer Länge der Maschenschenkel verhältnismäßig einfach herzustellen. Allerdings ist das gezeigte rechts /links Gestrick keineswegs die einzige geeignete Bindungsart. Vielmehr kommen auch rechts/rechts/ oder links/links Gestricke sowie gegebenenfalls Interlockware in Betracht. Schließlich versteht sich, daß Halbzeug mit vergleichbaren Eigenschaften auch als Wirkware bzw. Kettenwirkware hergestellt werden kann. Der Vorteil einer Wirkware liegt vor allen Dingen darin, daß das Halbzeug in Richtung parallel zu zwei unter einem spitzen Winkel zueinander verlaufenden Achsen eine recht hohe Zugfestigkeit aufweist.1 is a simple right / shown knitted fabric on the left. This knitted fabric is also great Length of the mesh leg relatively easy to manufacture. However, the right / left knitted fabric shown by no means the only suitable type of binding. Much more come right / right / or left / left knitted fabrics as well as interlockware, if applicable. Finally it goes without saying that semi-finished products with comparable properties also manufactured as knitted or warp knitted fabrics can be. The advantage of a knitted fabric is above all in that the semi-finished product in the direction parallel to two at an acute angle to each other extending axes has a fairly high tensile strength.

In jedem Fall ist die Weiterverarbeitung, wie oben beschrieben, wobei ein wesentlicher Vorteil darin besteht, daß der mit verarbeitete Faden 5 oder gegebenenfalls mehrere Fäden 5 aus thermoplastischem Material praktisch keine Alterung aufweisen, womit das Halbzeug 20 oder 30 beliebig lange bis zur Verarbeitung in das Formteil lagerfähig ist. Außerdem ist der Faden 5 aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff bei Umgebungstemperatur nicht klebrig, was bei der weiterverarbeitung ebenfalls einen erheblichen Vorteil darstellt. In any case, the further processing, as described above, a major advantage is that the with processed thread 5 or possibly several threads 5 made of thermoplastic material practically no aging have, with which the semifinished product 20 or 30 any length can be stored in the molded part until processing. Moreover is the thread 5 made of thermoplastic material not sticky at ambient temperature, which results in further processing also represents a significant advantage.

Wegen des überall gleichen Mischungsverhältnisses zwischen dem Fadenanteil aus dem ersten Material und dem Fadenanteil aus dem zweiten Material, nämlich dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, besteht in jedem Volumenelement des Halbzeugs 20 oder 30 der gleiche Vorrat an Bindemittel, gebildet durch den Faden 5 aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff. Beim Verpressen braucht das Bindemittel nur Strecken entsprechend der Größe der Maschenweite zurückzulegen. Dadurch können großtechnisch rationell flächige Formteile hergestellt werden, die sonst nur mit Hilfe einer Laminiertechnik produzierbar wären.Because of the same mixing ratio between the thread portion from the first material and the thread portion from the second material, namely the thermoplastic Plastic is in every volume element of the Semi-finished product 20 or 30 the same stock of binder, formed by the thread 5 made of thermoplastic material. The binder only needs to be stretched when pressed according to the size of the mesh size. Thereby can make large-scale, rationally shaped parts are produced, which otherwise only with the help of a Laminating technology would be producible.

Claims (18)

  1. Finished product or semi-finished product (20, 30) suitable in particular for producing moulded parts, consisting of a plain knit fabric in which at least one thread (4) is processed from a first material and at least one thread (5) is processed from a second material and in which each loop is formed from threads (4) of the first material and from threads (5) of the second material, wherein at least the second material is thermoplastic,
    the second material has a softening temperature which is lower than the softening temperature of the first material, the second material is a material which bonds by self substance with the first material and with itself when heated above a predetermined temperature,
    the threads (4) of the first material and the threads (5) of the second material are uniformly distributed over the surface of the fabric and
    the threads (4) of the first material and the threads (5) of the second material lie randomly distributed on the right side or on the reverse side.
  2. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 1, characterised in that the threads (4) of the first material are coated with a third material.
  3. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 1, characterised in that the second material has a shape memory such that when heated above a predetermined temperature and subsequently cooled it retains the shape which it had during heating.
  4. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 1, characterised in that the first material is not an organic material.
  5. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 4, characterised in that the first material is selected from the substances metal, ceramic and other inorganic compounds.
  6. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 1, characterised in that the threads (4) of the first material are or comprise yarns, spun yarns, continuous filament yarns, monofilaments, folded yarns or ply yarns.
  7. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 6, characterised in that at least the threads (4) of the first material comprise single fibres or staple fibres.
  8. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 1, characterised in that at least the threads (4) of the first material are twisted yarns.
  9. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 1, characterised in that the threads (5) of the second material are or comprise yarns, spun yarns, continuous filament yarns, monofilaments, folded yarns or ply yarns.
  10. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 9, characterised in that at least the threads (5) of the second material comprise single fibres or staple fibres.
  11. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 9, characterised in that at least the threads (5) of the second material are twisted yarns.
  12. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 1, characterised in that the knitted fabric (20, 30) is pre-elongated in at least one direction and set in the elongated position.
  13. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claims 1 and 18, characterised in that the direction lies parallel to the wales.
  14. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 1, characterised in that the loops (21) of the knitted fabric have loop shanks (22, 23) of a length between 2 mm and 12 mm and preferably between 4 mm and 8 mm, preferably around 6 mm.
  15. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 12, characterised in that, for setting, the textile fabric (20, 30) is heated to a temperature at which it adopts a form which corresponds to the pre-elongation and which it retains following cooling to ambient temperature.
  16. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 12, characterised in that, for setting, the textile fabric (20, 30) is heated to a temperature at which at least some threads (5) of the second material bond by self substance with the threads (5) of the second material or the coating thereof.
  17. Finished product or semi-finished product according to Claim 1, characterised in that the proportion by volume of the second material, related to the proportion by volume of the first material, is between 10% and 60%, preferably between 10% and 40%.
  18. Tapestry consisting of a finished product or semi-finished product according to one or more of the preceding Claims.
EP95112661A 1995-08-11 1995-08-11 Semi-finished product for composite material Expired - Lifetime EP0758693B1 (en)

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AT95112661T ATE207554T1 (en) 1995-08-11 1995-08-11 SEMI-FINISHED FOR COMPOSITE MATERIAL

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