EP0756148A1 - Lining brick - Google Patents

Abstract

The cladding slab (1) has two opposite wedge-shaped side surfaces (4,5) facing the adjacent slabs. Both the side surfaces may be convexly curved, or one convexly curved and the other flat. The side surfaces may be gradually curved from the narrower endface (3) to the broader one (2). If both sides are convex, their convexities may be identical. The curvature height and the width of the narrower endface may be in accordance with specified formulae.

Description

The invention relates to a lining stone made of a refractory material for the delivery of curved walls, in particular for an oven, wherein the lining stone has two opposing, adjacent stones, wedge-shaped tapered side surfaces. Such a lining stone is used, for example, for lining rotary kilns or shaft furnaces.

Such a lining stone is described in DE 33 18 421 C2. A convex bulge is formed on one side surface and a concave bulge is formed on its other side surface. The bulge of a lining stone engages in the bulge of the neighboring lining stone in the manner of a ball socket bearing. As a result, adaptation to different wall radii or rotary kiln diameters is possible in a certain range, the pan support permitting articulated pivoting of the lining stones and preventing lining stones from falling out of the composite.

In addition to the bulging or arching, there are flat side surface parts which serve as a mutual stop. The flat side surface parts can lead to tension, especially if the stone is used with widely differing furnace radii. The kinks in the side surfaces make it difficult to manufacture the lining stone.

With the lining block according to DE 33 18 421 C2, in practice only mortar laying is possible; a dry installation with a sheet metal insert is hardly feasible, since the sheet metal insert would then have to be shaped according to the side surfaces.

The object of the invention is to propose a lining block of the type mentioned at the outset which, in combination, is suitable for lining various furnace shell radii. A lining stone according to the invention is characterized in that the two side surfaces are convex or one side surface is convex and the other side surface is flat.

It is thereby achieved that in each case a convex side surface of a lining stone is adjacent to a convex or flat side surface of the neighboring lining stone. The two side surfaces facing each other can pivot relative to one another in the manner of a roller bearing. This means that the lining stones adapt to different wall radii. Different wall radii or rotary kiln diameters can therefore be delivered with just a single stone format. Even if the wall radii are uneven, for example due to dents. The wall radii can differ by a factor of 3, for example.

The fact that a single stone format is sufficient to line different wall radii is advantageous for production, storage and laying. The design of the side surfaces also ensures that the inner, less wide end faces of the lining stones adjoin one another essentially in a stepless manner.

The joint between adjacent lining stones is not uniformly wide due to the convexity. The joints can be closed with mortar or with inlays (dry laying). In particular if one side surface is flat and only the other side surface is convexly curved, a flat sheet metal insert can be used which oxidizes during operation. The resulting oxidation products fill the respective gap width both in narrow places and in wider places.

The side surfaces are continuously curved. The lining stone therefore only has smooth surfaces, which simplifies mass production.

Figur 1

einen Auskleidungsstein aus Feuerfestmaterial,

Figur 2

einen Anwendungsfall solcher Auskleidungssteine bei einem vergleichsweise kleinen Ofenmantelradius,

Figur 3

einen Anwendungsfall bei einem vergleichsweise großen Ofenmantelradius,

Figur 4

einen Anwendungsfall bei einer ungleichmäßigen, verbeulten Wand mit verschiedenen Radien des Ofenmantels; und

Figur 5

eine schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Bemessung der Wölbungshöhe.

Figur 6

Auskleidungsstein erfindungsgemäß, Beispiel 1.

Further advantageous refinements of the lining stone result from the subclaims and the following description. The drawing shows:

Figure 1

a lining stone made of refractory material,

Figure 2

an application of such lining stones with a comparatively small furnace shell radius,

Figure 3

an application with a comparatively large furnace shell radius,

Figure 4

an application for an uneven, dented wall with different radii of the furnace shell; and

Figure 5

a schematic representation to explain the dimensioning of the bulge height.

Figure 6

Lining stone according to the invention, example 1.

The lining stone (1) has a rear width (a), a front width (b), a height (h) and a length (l). The rear width (a) is larger than the front width (b), as a result of which the lining stone (1) has a wedge shape. The lining stone (1) has a wider end face (2) which is determined by the rear width (a) and the length (l) and a less wide end face (3) by the front width (b) and the length (l) is determined.

The length of the lining stone (1) (l) is two opposite side surfaces (4, 5) which run in a wedge shape from the rear width (a) to the front width (b), whereby they are convexly curved. The maximum arch height (W) is in the middle of the stone height (h). The curvature height (W) is in each case related to the perpendicular to the connecting line (v) between the rear width (a) and the front width (b) (see FIG. 1).

In the case of the lining stones according to the figures, the convex curvatures on the side surfaces (4, 5) are partially exaggerated for clarification (with greater curvature). The greatest width of the stone seems to be more towards half the height of the stone, but it actually always occurs on the wider face (2) with dimension a.

The convex curvatures of the side surfaces (4, 5) are continuously continuous. The curved edge edges of the side surfaces (4, 5) are designated in FIG. 1 by 4 'or 4' 'and 5' or 5 ''. The arches are designed in the shape of a circular arc. The curvature height (W) is small compared to the dimensions (a, b, h, l) of the lining stone (1). With a height (h) and a length (l) of approximately 200 mm and a rear width (a) of approximately 80 to 100 mm and a front width (b) of approximately 60 to 90 mm, the curvature height (W) is in a range of 0.2 to 2.0 mm.

The remaining surfaces (6,7) of the lining stone (1) are flat like the end faces (2,3).

The end face (2) is assigned to the wall (8) to be lined (see FIGS. 2 to 4), the radius of which is denoted by R (see FIGS. 1 to 4). The less broad
The end face (3) faces the inside of the furnace. The height (h) thus corresponds to the forage thickness. The side surfaces (4, 5) face adjacent lining stones.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, both side surfaces (4, 5) are curved convexly in the same way. In another embodiment, however, it is also possible to curve only one of the side surfaces (4, 5) and to make the other side surface (5, 4) flat so that it runs on the connecting line (v). In this case, the curvature height (W) of the curved side surface (4 or 5) is increased accordingly.

2 shows the lining stones (1) according to FIG. 1 for a wall (8) with a comparatively small wall radius (R). The curved side surfaces (4, 5) are closer between the curvature height (W) and the front side (3) than between the curvature height (W) and the front side (2). The joints (9) between the side surfaces (4, 5) thus widen towards the wall (8).

The end faces (3) form an essentially stepless inner surface (11) seen from the inside of the furnace (10). The joints (9) can be filled with mortar or dry-laid with an insert.

3, the lining stones (1) are used in a wall (8) with a comparatively large wall radius (R). The joints (9) are the narrowest in the area of the curvature heights (W) and widen to the end faces (3) and the end faces (2). Here too, the end faces (3) form a largely stepless inner surface (11). The joints (9) can be filled in the manner described.

4 it is assumed that there is a bulge (12) in the wall (8). The lining stones (1) also adapt to this bulge (12) due to their curved side surfaces (4, 5). In the area of the bulge (12), the joints (9) between the curvature heights (W) and the end faces (2) are particularly narrow and widen towards the end faces (3). In this case too, the joints (9) can be filled with mortar or dry-laid. Here too, an essentially stepless inner surface (11) is created.

The following points of view for dimensioning the curvature height (W) are given with reference to FIG. 5:

; dabei ist a die hintere Breite und b die vordere Breite.According to the prior art, lining stones - with flat side surfaces - and different wedge dimensions are used for lining different wall radii, the wedge dimension (K) being: $\text{K = a - b}$

; where a is the rear width and b is the front width.

hat. Außerdem zeigt Fig. 5 strich-doppelpunktiert schematisch eine Kontur eines zweiten Auskleidungssteins, der für einen größeren Wandradius bestimmt ist und ein Keilmaß Kg: $$\text{Kg = a - bg}$$

hat. In Fig. 5 ist der erfindungsgemäße Auskleidungsstein mit durchgezogenen Linien mit dem Keilmaß K: $$\text{K = a - b}$$

gezeigt.In practice, lining stones with different wedge dimensions are usually combined for a certain furnace shell radius. By using stones with a larger wedge dimension, the stones corresponding to a smaller furnace shell radius, and stones with a smaller wedge dimension, whereby the stones corresponding to a larger furnace shell radius, tolerances of the stones occurring during the delivery of the masonry can be compensated for. 5 schematically shows a contour of a first lining brick, which is intended for a small furnace jacket radius, and a wedge dimension Kk: $$\text{Kk = a - bk}$$

Has. In addition, FIG. 5 shows, in dash-and-dot lines, a contour of a second lining block, which is intended for a larger wall radius and a wedge dimension Kg: $$\text{Kg = a - bg}$$

Has. In Fig. 5, the lining block according to the invention is with solid lines with the wedge dimension K: $$\text{K = a - b}$$

shown.

auf.In order to replace the first and the second lining stone according to the prior art, the lining stone (1) according to the invention has a front width b: $$\text{b = 1/2 (bk + bg)}$$

on.

In the case of a lining stone (1) whose two side surfaces (4, 5) are arched, the arch height (W) is dimensioned as follows: $$\text{1/8 (Kk - Kg) ≦ W <1/8 Kk.}$$

In the case of a lining stone in which only one side surface (4, 5) is curved and the other side surface (5, 4) is flat, double the value is dimensioned for the arch height (W), but the maximum value is 1/8 Kk must be.

sind die Ausdrücke gleich: $$\text{1/8 (Kk + bg - a) und 1/8 (bg - bk).}$$

For dimensioning the minimum curvature height (W) according to $\text{W = 1/8 (Kk - Kg)}$

the expressions are the same: $$\text{1/8 (Kk + bg - a) and 1/8 (bg - bk).}$$

und $\text{1/4 K - 1/8 Kg}$

. (Das Keilmaß (K) für den erfindungsgemäßen Stein ergibt sich zu $\text{K = a - 1/2 (bk + bg)}$

).The expressions are the same for dimensioning the maximum curvature height (W) with 1/8 Kk $\text{1/8 (a - bk)}$

and $\text{1/4 K - 1/8 Kg}$

. (The wedge dimension (K) for the stone according to the invention results in $\text{K = a - 1/2 (bk + bg)}$

).

The overall arch height (W) of the lining stone should be 0.2 to 2.0 mm and in particular 0.5 to 1.2 mm.

The arches are designed in the shape of a circular arc.

The curvature of the side surfaces (4, 5) is determined by the radius (r). With the strongest curvature, the center of the circle lies on the extension of the rear side (a) and the radius is approximately $${\text{r minimal = h}}^{\text{2nd}}\text{/ (a - 1/2 (bk + bg)).}$$

The smallest curvature with a minimum curvature height corresponds to a maximum radius of the curvature area of approximately $${\text{r maximum = h}}^{\text{2nd}}\text{/ (bg - bk).}$$

In total, the following applies to the radius of the arch surface: $${\text{H}}^{\text{2nd}}{\text{/ (a - 1/2 (bk + bg)) ≦ r ≦ h}}^{\text{2nd}}\text{/ (bg - bk).}$$

If it is assumed that stones with different rear widths (ak and ag) are to be replaced by the lining stone (1) according to the invention, then the rear width (a) of the lining stone (1) according to the invention is calculated: $$\text{a = 1/2 (ak + ag).}$$

The following then applies to the wedge dimension of the stones: $$\text{Kk = ak - bk and Kg = ag - bg.}$$

der Wert 94,1 mm und als Keilmaß der Wert 8,9 mm erhalten. Das einzige Steinformat (3718) ist auf beiden Seitenflächen konvex gewölbt, wobei die Wölbungshöhe (W) nach Anspruch 5 betragen kann (siehe Figur 6): $$\text{1/8 x 7,2 = 0,9 mm ≦ W < 12,5 : 8 = 1,56 mm.}$$

The invention is explained by a lining stone in a single stone format for the delivery of the furnace wall of a rotary kiln with a furnace shell diameter of 5.5 m according to Example 1. In the usual way for practice, the usual lining stones with two different wedge dimensions are selected from the list of ISO stone formats. In the present case, formats 318 and 718 could be used for the furnace shell diameter of 5.5 m and a desired lining thickness of the refractory lining of 180 mm. For the lining stone according to the invention in a single stone format (designated 3718 in the table) for the front width b is according to the formula $\text{b = 1/2 (bk + bg)}$

the value 94.1 mm and the value wedge 8.9 mm. The only stone format (3718) is convexly curved on both side surfaces, whereby the curvature height (W) can be according to claim 5 (see FIG. 6): $$\text{1/8 x 7.2 = 0.9 mm ≦ W <12.5: 8 = 1.56 mm.}$$

Examples 2 to 4 show a lining stone in a single stone format for the furnace wall of a rotary kiln with a furnace jacket diameter of 5.5 m and a lining thickness of the lining of 220 mm and 250 mm.

) und maximal 4500 mm (nach der Formel ${\text{h}}^{\text{2}}\text{/ (bg - bk)}$

) beträgt.

The lining of the rotary kiln with a 5.5 m furnace jacket diameter can thus be carried out through the lining stone in the single format 3718, the bulge height in the range 0.9 to <1.56 mm being used on the curved side surfaces. The bulge surface has a radius that is at least about 3640 mm (according to the formula ${\text{H}}^{\text{2nd}}\text{/ (a - 1/2 (bk + bg)}$

) and a maximum of 4500 mm (according to the formula ${\text{H}}^{\text{2nd}}\text{/ (bg - bk)}$

) is.

For examples 1 to 4, the following ranges result for the curvature height W according to claim 4: example Dome height (mm) 1 0.9-1.56 2nd 0.53 - 1.19 3rd 0.73 - 1.44 4th 0.81-1.63

Claims (7)

Lining stone made of a refractory material for the delivery of curved walls, in particular for an oven, the lining stone having two wedge-shaped side surfaces facing one another, facing adjacent stones,
characterized,
that the two side surfaces (4, 5) are convex, or one side surface (4 or 5) is convex and the other side surface (5 or 4) is flat. Lining brick according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the side surface (s) (4 or 5) from the less wide end face (3) to the wider end face (2) of the lining block (1) is / are continuously curved. Lining brick according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the convex curvatures of the two side surfaces (4, 5) are the same. Lining brick according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the bulge height (W) results from the formula $$\text{1/8 (Kk - Kg) ≦ W <1/8 Kk}$$

in the case of a lining stone (1) with two curved side surfaces (4, 5). Lining brick according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the front width (b) of the less wide end face (3) is derived from the formula $$\text{b = 1/2 (bk + bg)}$$

where bk is the front width of a lining stone to be replaced for a smaller furnace shell radius and bg is the front width of a lining stone to be replaced for a larger furnace shell radius. Lining brick according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the bulge height (W) is 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm, in particular 0.5 to 1.2 mm. Lining brick according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the convex curvature is circular.

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