EP0754146B1 - Plastics container made by material permeable to gas - Google Patents

Plastics container made by material permeable to gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0754146B1
EP0754146B1 EP95937038A EP95937038A EP0754146B1 EP 0754146 B1 EP0754146 B1 EP 0754146B1 EP 95937038 A EP95937038 A EP 95937038A EP 95937038 A EP95937038 A EP 95937038A EP 0754146 B1 EP0754146 B1 EP 0754146B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
container according
gas
contents
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95937038A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0754146A1 (en
Inventor
Markus Nachtsheim
Franz Steigerwald
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Procter and Gamble Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Wella GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wella GmbH filed Critical Wella GmbH
Publication of EP0754146A1 publication Critical patent/EP0754146A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0207—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plastic container according to the Preamble of claim 1.
  • Such containers are in a variety of designs known that serve degassing, liquid filling material to store liquid-tight and the resulting Gas volume via a degassing device To let the lock escape to the outside. Without one such a device would result in the container itself bulging more and more increasing gas pressure or even bursting.
  • peroxide solutions that contain additional active additives, there is an increased Elimination of gas - mainly oxygen - and therefore one larger gas volume per unit of time, which over the Degassing device must be derived.
  • This Furniture is ideally gas permeable only, not but for liquid.
  • the (arranged in the lock gas permeable membrane) device by wetting with the filling material (by shaking) is out of function what a Bursting of the container.
  • Such Degassing device is for example by obvious Prior use known. Also falling over of the container critical, because then by wetting the gas-permeable Membrane the device is disabled and This can cause the container to burst.
  • the invention has for its object a generic To create containers that are independent of its Location of the functionality of the degassing device is not restricted and which is inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the generic container as a degassing device at least partially at least in the jacket area is provided with such a container wall thickness and consists of such a gas-permeable material that the container has the same or greater gas permeability per unit of time than that by the Degassing of the filling gas volume per Unit of time is achieved that regardless of the location of the Container functionality of the degassing device is not restricted, and that the container by Internal pressure does not bulge undesirably, being for a better stability of the container the container wall thickness in Shoulder and floor area is more developed than in Coat area and the shoulder and bottom area against Bulges is rigid. Besides, is the container is inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the preferred mono material is Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer or its polymer mixture with polyethylene or lower density polyethylene or Polypropylene or polycarbonate or their copolymers or their mixtures (polyblends).
  • the container is designed to be crushable.
  • the relatively thin container wall is used to increase stability in the jacket area with a stiffening profile Mistake.
  • the container wall stiffening profile can the container wall at least in Jacket area with an outer cardboard stiffener - optional releasable - provided.
  • An oxygen-releasing material is suitable as filling material Liquid or a peroxide solution such as that is usually used in hairdressing.
  • the invention is based on two exemplary embodiments explained in more detail.
  • the plastic container 1 shown in Figure 1 for degassing, liquid filling material consists of monomaterial and is provided for a liquid-tight closure 2.
  • a degassing device 3 is at least partially in the Shell area 4 such a container wall thickness 5 and such gas permeable material 6 provided that the Container 1 has the same or greater gas permeability per unit of time than that by the Degassing of the filling gas volume per Time unit.
  • Stiffening grooves 7 are in the jacket area 4 arranged that the relatively thin-walled jacket region 4th reinforce, which results in better handling.
  • the jacket area 4 is provided with a cardboard stiffener 8 which, of course, the leakage of gas through the Jacket area 4 must not hinder, for example by a corresponding perforation.
  • the cardboard stiffener 8 detachably formed from the container 1 be (due to separate disposal).
  • the cardboard stiffener 8 can also be provided as a label.
  • the example of a 1000 ml container 1 according to FIG. 1 is a height of 260 mm and a diameter of 84 mm intended.
  • PP or LDPE is preferably used as the material a container wall thickness 5 of 0.45 mm or 0.5 mm provided, with an application weight of 40 g or 50 g results.
  • a corresponding container according to the state of the Technology usually consists of HDPE and has one Container wall thickness of 0.6 mm with an insert mass of 63 g.
  • a degassing device 3 and a significantly lower stake cost reduction through Material minimization and elimination of a separate one Degassing valve and possibly lower Environmental impact).
  • the table below shows the respective oxygen permeation for different materials and container wall thicknesses, container A representing the prior art and containers B, C, D representing examples according to the invention.
  • a comparison of containers B and C shows that PP a container wall thinning (from 0.5 mm to 0.45 mm) gives greater oxygen permeability, as does one still gas permeable material such as LDPE (container D).
  • LDPE container D
  • a second embodiment of a container 1.1 is in shown in Figure 2.
  • the container 1.1 consists of foamed material 9, e.g. B. PP, and has as a degassing device 3.1 a correspondingly thicker, foamed Container wall thickness 5, which despite a small Insert mass a higher stability and a higher Gas permeability of the container 1.1 results.
  • This Container 1.1 can be produced in the extrusion blow molding process become.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
  • Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kunststoffbehälter nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a plastic container according to the Preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Behälter sind in einer Vielzahl von Ausführungen bekannt, die dazu dienen, entgasendes, flüssiges Füllgut flüssigkeitsdicht zu lagern und das dabei entstehende Gasvolumen über eine Entgasungseinrichtung eines Verschlusses nach außen entweichen zu lassen. Ohne eine solche Einrichtung würde der Behälter infolge eines sich mehr und mehr aufbauenden Gasüberdrucks extrem Ausbeulen oder sogar Bersten. Beim Lagern von Peroxid-Lösungen, die zusätzliche Wirkadditive enthalten, gibt es eine verstärkte Gasabspaltung - hauptsächlich Sauerstoff - und damit ein größeres Gasvolumen pro Zeiteinheit, welches über die Entgasungseinrichtung abgeleitet werden muß. Diese Einrichtung ist idealerweise nur für Gas durchlässig, nicht aber für Flüssigkeit. Je nach Konstruktion der Einrichtung kann es passieren, daß die (im Verschluß angeordnete gasdurchlässige Membran) Einrichtung durch Benetzung mit dem Füllgut (durch Schütteln) außer Funktion ist, was ein Bersten des Behälters zur Folge haben kann. Eine solche Entgasungseinrichtung ist beispielsweise durch offenkundige Vorbenutzung bekannt. Auch ist ein Umfallen des Behälters kritisch, da dann durch Benetzung der gasdurchlässigen Membran die Einrichtung außer Funktion gesetzt ist und dadurch ein Bersten des Behälter verursacht werden kann.Such containers are in a variety of designs known that serve degassing, liquid filling material to store liquid-tight and the resulting Gas volume via a degassing device To let the lock escape to the outside. Without one such a device would result in the container itself bulging more and more increasing gas pressure or even bursting. When storing peroxide solutions that contain additional active additives, there is an increased Elimination of gas - mainly oxygen - and therefore one larger gas volume per unit of time, which over the Degassing device must be derived. This Furniture is ideally gas permeable only, not but for liquid. Depending on the construction of the facility It can happen that the (arranged in the lock gas permeable membrane) device by wetting with the filling material (by shaking) is out of function what a Bursting of the container. Such Degassing device is for example by obvious Prior use known. Also falling over of the container critical, because then by wetting the gas-permeable Membrane the device is disabled and This can cause the container to burst.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen gattungsgleichen Behälter zu schaffen, der unabhängig von seiner Lage die Funktionsfähigkeit der Entgasungseinrichtung nicht einschränkt und der in der Herstellung kostengünstig ist. The invention has for its object a generic To create containers that are independent of its Location of the functionality of the degassing device is not restricted and which is inexpensive to manufacture.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe nach den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen/ Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.The task is solved according to the characteristic features of claim 1. Advantageous further training / Embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims forth.

Dadurch, daß der gattungsgemäße Behälter als Entgasungseinrichtung mindestens im Mantelbereich zumindest teilweise mit einer derartigen Behälterwandstärke versehen ist und aus einem derartigen gasdurchlässigen Material besteht, daß der Behälter ein gleiches oder größeres Gasdurchlässigkeitsvermögen pro Zeiteinheit aufweist als das durch die Entgasung des Füllguts entstehende Gasvolumen pro Zeiteinheit, ist erreicht, daß unabhängig von der Lage des Behälters die Funktionsfähigkeit der Entgasungseinrichtung nicht eingeschränkt ist, und daß der Behälter durch Innendruck nicht unerwünscht ausbeult, wobei für eine bessere Stabilität des Behälters die Behälterwandstärke im Schulter- und Bodenbereich stärker ausgebildet ist als im Mantelbereich und der Schulter- und Bodenbereich gegen Ausbeulungen verformungssteif ausgebildet ist. Außerdem ist der Behälter in der Herstellung kostengünstig.The fact that the generic container as a degassing device at least partially at least in the jacket area is provided with such a container wall thickness and consists of such a gas-permeable material that the container has the same or greater gas permeability per unit of time than that by the Degassing of the filling gas volume per Unit of time is achieved that regardless of the location of the Container functionality of the degassing device is not restricted, and that the container by Internal pressure does not bulge undesirably, being for a better stability of the container the container wall thickness in Shoulder and floor area is more developed than in Coat area and the shoulder and bottom area against Bulges is rigid. Besides, is the container is inexpensive to manufacture.

Als Monomaterial eignet sich zum Beispiel vorzugsweise Ethylenvinylacetatmischpolymer oder dessen Polymermischung mit Polyethylen oder Polyethylen niedrigerer Dichte oder Polypropylen oder Polycarbonat oder deren Mischpolymere oder deren Gemische (Polyblends).For example, the preferred mono material is Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer or its polymer mixture with polyethylene or lower density polyethylene or Polypropylene or polycarbonate or their copolymers or their mixtures (polyblends).

Zum besseren Dosieren - mit Hilfe eines Dosiereinsatzes im Behälterhals oder eines Dosierverschlusses - des Füllguts ist der Behälter knautschbar ausgebildet.For better dosing - with the help of a dosing insert in the Neck of the container or a dosing cap - the filling material the container is designed to be crushable.

Zur Stabilitätserhöhung ist die relativ dünne Behälterwand im Mantelbereich mit einer Versteifungsprofilierung versehen. The relatively thin container wall is used to increase stability in the jacket area with a stiffening profile Mistake.

Alternativ oder in Kombination mit der Behälterwandversteifungsprofilierung kann die Behälterwand mindestens im Mantelbereich mit einer äußeren Pappversteifung - wahlweise lösbar - versehen werden.Alternatively or in combination with the container wall stiffening profile can the container wall at least in Jacket area with an outer cardboard stiffener - optional releasable - provided.

Eine andere vorteilhafte Behälterwandstabilitätserhöhung ist dadurch gegeben, daß der Behälter aus geschäumten Kunststoff hergestellt ist.Another advantageous increase in container wall stability is given by the fact that the container is made of foamed Plastic is made.

Als Füllgut eignet sich eine Sauerstoff abspaltende Flüssigkeit oder eine Peroxid-Lösung, wie sie zum Beispiel im Friseurbereich üblicherweise verwendet wird.An oxygen-releasing material is suitable as filling material Liquid or a peroxide solution such as that is usually used in hairdressing.

Die Erfindung wird anhand von zwei Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The invention is based on two exemplary embodiments explained in more detail.

Der in der Figur 1 dargestellte Kunststoffbehälter 1 für entgasendes, flüssiges Füllgut besteht aus Monomaterial und ist für einen flüssigkeitsdichten Verschluß 2 vorgesehen. Als Entgasungseinrichtung 3 ist mindestens teilweise im Mantelbereich 4 eine derartige Behälterwandstärke 5 und ein derartiges gasdurchlässiges Material 6 vorgesehen, daß der Behälter 1 ein gleiches oder größeres Gasdurchlässigkeitsvermögen pro Zeiteinheit aufweist als das durch die Entgasung des Füllguts entstehende Gasvolumen pro Zeiteinheit. Zum dosierten Entnehmen einer Teilmenge des Füllguts ist der Behälter im Mantelbereich 4 knautschbar ausgebildet. Im Mantelbereich 4 sind Versteifungsrillen 7 angeordnet, die den relativ dünnwandigen Mantelbereich 4 verstärken, wodurch sich eine bessere Handhabung ergibt. Anstelle (oder zusätzlich) der Versteifungsrillen 7 kann der Mantelbereich 4 mit einer Pappversteifung 8 versehen werden, die natürlich das Austreten von Gas durch den Mantelbereich 4 nicht hindern darf, zum Beispiel durch eine entsprechende Perforation. Durch geläufige Maßnahmen kann die Pappversteifung 8 lösbar vom Behälter 1 ausgebildet sein (wegen getrennter Entsorgung). Die Pappversteifung 8 kann gleichzeitig als ein Etikett vorgesehen sein.The plastic container 1 shown in Figure 1 for degassing, liquid filling material consists of monomaterial and is provided for a liquid-tight closure 2. As a degassing device 3 is at least partially in the Shell area 4 such a container wall thickness 5 and such gas permeable material 6 provided that the Container 1 has the same or greater gas permeability per unit of time than that by the Degassing of the filling gas volume per Time unit. For the dosed removal of a subset of the The container in the jacket area 4 can be crushed educated. Stiffening grooves 7 are in the jacket area 4 arranged that the relatively thin-walled jacket region 4th reinforce, which results in better handling. Instead of (or additionally) the stiffening grooves 7 can the jacket area 4 is provided with a cardboard stiffener 8 which, of course, the leakage of gas through the Jacket area 4 must not hinder, for example by a corresponding perforation. With common measures the cardboard stiffener 8 detachably formed from the container 1 be (due to separate disposal). The cardboard stiffener 8 can also be provided as a label.

Am Beispiel eines 1000 ml-Behälters 1 nach der Figur 1 ist eine Höhe von 260 mm und ein Durchmesser von 84 mm vorgesehen. Als Material ist vorzugsweise PP oder LDPE mit einer Behälterwandstärke 5 von 0,45 mm bzw. 0,5 mm vorgesehen, wobei sich eine Einsatzmässe von 40 g bzw. 50 g ergibt. Ein entsprechender Behälter nach dem Stand der Technik besteht üblicherweise aus HDPE und weist eine Behälterwandstärke von 0,6 mm auf bei einer Einsatzmasse von 63 g. Somit ergibt sich im Hinblick auf den Stand der Technik auf einfache Weise eine Entgasungseinrichtung 3 und eine deutlich geringere Einsatzmasse (Kostensenkung durch Materialminimierung und Wegfall eines separaten Entgasungsventils und gegebenenfalls geringere Umweltbelastüng).The example of a 1000 ml container 1 according to FIG. 1 is a height of 260 mm and a diameter of 84 mm intended. PP or LDPE is preferably used as the material a container wall thickness 5 of 0.45 mm or 0.5 mm provided, with an application weight of 40 g or 50 g results. A corresponding container according to the state of the Technology usually consists of HDPE and has one Container wall thickness of 0.6 mm with an insert mass of 63 g. With regard to the status of Technology a degassing device 3 and a significantly lower stake (cost reduction through Material minimization and elimination of a separate one Degassing valve and possibly lower Environmental impact).

Aus der nachstehenden Tabelle geht die jeweilige Sauerstoffpermeation bei verschiedenen Materialien und Behälterwandstärken näher hervor, wobei der Behälter A den Stand der Technik darstellt und die Behälter B, C, D erfindungsgemäße Beispiele darstellen. Behälter (1000 cm3) Durchschnittl. Permeation von Sauerstoff (gemessen) - in cm3 pro Tag und bar- Durchschnittl. entstehende Sauerstoffmenge - in cm3 pro Tag bei 23 Grad - Max. zulässiger Innendruck im Behälter - in bar - Mögl. durchschnittl. Permeation von Sauerstoff - in cm3 pro Tag Und bar - Material Mittlere Wandstärke - in mm - Einsatzmasse - in g - A 4 15 2 8 HDPE 0,6 63 B 10,2 15 1,5 15,3 PP 0,45 40 C 9,6 15 1,7 16,3 PP 0,5 50 D 15 15 1,2 18 LDPE 0,5 50 (HDPE = Polyethylen hoher Dichte; PP = Polypropylen; LDPE = Polyethylen niedriger Dichte) The table below shows the respective oxygen permeation for different materials and container wall thicknesses, container A representing the prior art and containers B, C, D representing examples according to the invention. Container (1000 cm 3 ) Avg. Permeation of oxygen (measured) - in cm 3 per day and bar - Avg. resulting amount of oxygen - in cm 3 per day at 23 degrees - Max. Permissible internal pressure in the tank - in bar - Possible average Permeation of oxygen - in cm 3 per day and bar - material Average wall thickness - in mm - Stake - in g - A 4th 15 2 8th HDPE 0.6 63 B 10.2 15 1.5 15.3 PP 0.45 40 C. 9.6 15 1.7 16.3 PP 0.5 50 D 15 15 1.2 18th LDPE 0.5 50 (HDPE = high density polyethylene; PP = polypropylene; LDPE = low density polyethylene)

Im Vergleich der Behälter B und C wird deutlich, daß bei PP eine Behälterwandverdünnung (von 0,5 mm auf 0,45 mm) eine größere Sauerstoffpermeabilität ergibt, ebenso wie ein noch gasdurchlässigeres Material wie LDPE (Behälter D).A comparison of containers B and C shows that PP a container wall thinning (from 0.5 mm to 0.45 mm) gives greater oxygen permeability, as does one still gas permeable material such as LDPE (container D).

Ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Behälters 1.1 ist in der Figur 2 dargestellt. Der Behälter 1.1 besteht aus geschäumtem Material 9, z. B. PP, und weist als Entgasungseinrichtung 3.1 eine entsprechend dickere, geschäumte Behälterwandstärke 5 auf, wodurch sich trotz einer geringen Einsatzmasse eine höhere Stabilität und eine höhere Gasdurchlässigkeit des Behälters 1.1 ergibt. Dieser Behälter 1.1 kann im Extrusionsblasverfahren hergestellt werden.A second embodiment of a container 1.1 is in shown in Figure 2. The container 1.1 consists of foamed material 9, e.g. B. PP, and has as a degassing device 3.1 a correspondingly thicker, foamed Container wall thickness 5, which despite a small Insert mass a higher stability and a higher Gas permeability of the container 1.1 results. This Container 1.1 can be produced in the extrusion blow molding process become.

Claims (9)

  1. Plastics container made from a single material and having liquid contents which degas, and produced by extrusion blow moulding, and having a liquid-tight closure and having a degassing device for liquid contents which degas, characterized in that the container (1, 1.1), as degassing device (3, 3.1), in at least some of the jacket area (4) has a container wall thickness (5) such that, and is composed of a gas-permeable material (6) such that, the gas permeability of the container (1, 1.1) per unit of time is the same as or greater than the gas volume per unit of time produced by the degassing of the contents, where the container wall thickness (5) in the jacket area (4) is thinner than in the shoulder and/or base area, and in that the shoulder and base area has been designed stiff to resist deformation and bulging.
  2. Container according to Claim 1, characterized in that the single material (6) provided comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or a mixture of this polymer with polyethylene or low-density polyethylene or polypropylene or polycarbonate or copolymers of these or mixtures of these (polymer blends).
  3. Container according to at least Claim 1, characterized in that the container (1, 1.1) can be crumpled.
  4. Container according to at least Claim 1, characterized in that at least the jacket area (4) of the container wall (5) has reinforcement profiling (7).
  5. Container according to at least Claim 1, characterized in that at least the jacket area (4) of the container wall (5) has an outer cardboard reinforcement (8).
  6. Container according to Claim 5, characterized in that the cardboard reinforcement (8) can be detached.
  7. Container according to at least Claim 1, characterized in that the container (1.1) is composed of foamed plastic (9).
  8. Container according to at least Claim 1, characterized in that the contents are a liquid which evolves oxygen.
  9. Container according to at least Claim 1, characterized in that the contents are a peroxide solution.
EP95937038A 1995-01-26 1995-10-30 Plastics container made by material permeable to gas Expired - Lifetime EP0754146B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19502449A DE19502449A1 (en) 1995-01-26 1995-01-26 Plastic container with a degassing device
DE19502449 1995-01-26
PCT/EP1995/004263 WO1996022917A1 (en) 1995-01-26 1995-10-30 Plastics container with a degassing device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0754146A1 EP0754146A1 (en) 1997-01-22
EP0754146B1 true EP0754146B1 (en) 2001-12-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95937038A Expired - Lifetime EP0754146B1 (en) 1995-01-26 1995-10-30 Plastics container made by material permeable to gas

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0754146B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2767498B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9507204A (en)
DE (2) DE19502449A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2168391T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1996022917A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002166916A (en) * 2000-11-29 2002-06-11 Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd Biaxial drawing blow-molded light-weighted bottle container made of synthetic resin and manufacturing method thereof
DE102006002632A1 (en) * 2006-01-19 2007-07-26 Khs Ag Method for producing bottles or similar containers made of plastic by blowing as well as bottles or similar containers produced by this method
EP2025603A1 (en) * 2007-07-11 2009-02-18 Aisapack Holding SA Plastic bottle for hot filling or heat treatment

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58208046A (en) * 1982-05-28 1983-12-03 東洋製罐株式会社 Plastic vessel with oriented coating and its manufacture
JP3012340B2 (en) * 1990-12-21 2000-02-21 花王株式会社 Liquid bleach in multi-layer container

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59509942D1 (en) 2002-01-24
JPH09502151A (en) 1997-03-04
DE19502449A1 (en) 1996-08-01
ES2168391T3 (en) 2002-06-16
WO1996022917A1 (en) 1996-08-01
EP0754146A1 (en) 1997-01-22
JP2767498B2 (en) 1998-06-18
BR9507204A (en) 1997-09-02

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