EP0753625A1 - Pneumatic actuated deviation apparatus for aerial trolley transport track - Google Patents

Pneumatic actuated deviation apparatus for aerial trolley transport track Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0753625A1
EP0753625A1 EP95201923A EP95201923A EP0753625A1 EP 0753625 A1 EP0753625 A1 EP 0753625A1 EP 95201923 A EP95201923 A EP 95201923A EP 95201923 A EP95201923 A EP 95201923A EP 0753625 A1 EP0753625 A1 EP 0753625A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
needle
rotation
points
trolleys
control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95201923A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0753625B1 (en
Inventor
Giuliano Gastaldello
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TORRI SpA
Original Assignee
TORRI SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TORRI SpA filed Critical TORRI SpA
Priority to EP95201923A priority Critical patent/EP0753625B1/en
Priority to ES95201923T priority patent/ES2143587T3/en
Priority to AT95201923T priority patent/ATE188523T1/en
Priority to DE69514344T priority patent/DE69514344T2/en
Publication of EP0753625A1 publication Critical patent/EP0753625A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0753625B1 publication Critical patent/EP0753625B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
    • E01B25/22—Tracks for railways with the vehicle suspended from rigid supporting rails
    • E01B25/26—Switches; Crossings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pneumatically controlled deflection device intended to be applied to an air transport line by carriages of any type, which can be used, for example, in stores for transporting goods of different types which require large circulation areas, sometimes devoid of heating in winter or also of lighting, the installation being able to be fully automated and therefore not able to include service personnel inside.
  • the device is able to allow carriages to be diverted from the main transport line to deviated lines, for example in the transverse direction of the store, so as to have the possibility of loading and unloading said storage lines according to the needs of the service.
  • control device is defined in claim 1 and the dependent claims.
  • a pneumatic cylinder actuated by means of a suitably arranged solenoid valve, and a cam device able to rotate a body shaped in the manner of a needle by an angle of 180 °.
  • a first position constitutes a rectilinear guide segment suitable for causing the carriages to continue their movement on the main transport line, while in a second position, turned 180 ° relative to the previous one, it gives rise to a segment of curved track which deflects the carriages on a line perpendicular to the main line, where the carriages are stored, together with their load.
  • the mechanism which controls the rotation of the needle consists of a metal cylinder coaxial with said needle and the main line, made integral with the needle by a pin element.
  • this cylinder is provided a notch with a helical profile, the length of which is suitable for allowing a finger which slides in said notch to rotate the needle to cause it to affect the two positions indicated above.
  • the finger guided in the helical notch transforms the horizontal movement into a rotational movement over a rotation angle of 180 °.
  • the control of the translational movement of the finger is provided by a double-acting pneumatic cylinder, with guidance by a rectilinear slide provided for this purpose.
  • the track 1 which has a substantially semi-cylindrical shape in the passage surface of the carriages, is provided with a pneumatic control cylinder 2 and a deflection needle 3 which in its rectilinear position defines a continuous line with the portion of track 4, oriented in its extension.
  • the needle 3 can rotate 180 ° along its longitudinal axis, then placing itself in the position shown in fig. 4, where the portion of semi-cylindrical track forms a curve which continues through the portion of curved track 5, connected to the parking lane not shown, arranged in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal lane 1.
  • the maneuver in rotation of the needle 3 is controlled by a finger 11 integral with the piston 12 which emerges from the cylinder of the jack 2; this finger slides in a helical notch 13 formed on the section 14 of the track which is integral with the needle 3.
  • the carriage support arm 6, provided with a bi-conical wheel 7 whose profile is drawn in broken lines in FIG. 3 and 4, which support arm is connected by a bar 10 to a second support arm 6 ', allows the carriage to be brought to the position shown in fig. 4, by deflecting in this way the trolley with the objects transported by the latter towards the parking or deflection path disposed at 90 ° relative to the main path 1 of supply to the store.
  • a control system has been provided consisting of two sensors 8 and 9 (fig. 3 and 4) which signal the position of the needle 3, one of these sensors being able to detect the position from 0 °, the other the position of 180 °.
  • This control therefore has absolute reliability, since the aforementioned sensors thus detect the erroneous and dangerous positions for cart integrity.
  • a sensor mounted upstream of the device and which is always connected to the electronic device, checks, before activation of the assembly, that there is not a trolley in transit.
  • the possibility is also provided of inserting a photocell at the outlet which checks the presence of a trolley.
  • a suitable local central which operates with semi-automatic or even automatic modalities, translates and controls the signals coming from the sensors and decides, on the basis of their response, whether or not to be stop the installation, possibly signaled by a corresponding alarm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Carriers, Traveling Bodies, And Overhead Traveling Cranes (AREA)
  • Control Of Conveyors (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The pneumatic diverter control has points (3) which can turn through an angle of 180 degrees . This enables them to be placed in a first rectilinear position, corresponding to the connection between two aligned portions (1,4). A second position allows connecting one portion (1) to a curved portion (5) connecting with parking lanes perpendicular to the principal track. Rotation of the points is operated by a computer controlled pneumatic actuator (2). The computer is connected to a centre located outside the installation where a personnel presence is not required. The actuator controls, through its piston, the rotation of the points from the normal position of continuation in a straight line of the trolleys to a position turned through 180 degrees . This allows diversion of the trolleys onto transverse lines and vice versa. Detectors (8,9) are connected to a safety system to verify, before activation of the points, the presence of a carriage in transit. The points rotation control is locked and any incident on the trolley, avoided.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de déviation à commande pneumatique destiné à être appliqué à une ligne de transport aérien par chariots de type quelconque, qui peut être utilisé, par exemple, dans des magasins pour le transport de marchandises de différents types qui exigent de grands espaces de circulation, quelquefois dépourvus de chauffage en hiver ou également d'éclairage, l'installation pouvant être entièrement automatisée et pouvant par conséquent ne pas comporter de personnel de service à l'intérieur.The present invention relates to a pneumatically controlled deflection device intended to be applied to an air transport line by carriages of any type, which can be used, for example, in stores for transporting goods of different types which require large circulation areas, sometimes devoid of heating in winter or also of lighting, the installation being able to be fully automated and therefore not able to include service personnel inside.

Le dispositif est apte à permettre de dévier des chariots de la ligne principale de transport vers des lignes déviées, par exemple suivant la direction transversale du magasin, de façon à disposer de la possibilité de charger et décharger lesdites lignes de stockage en fonction des besoins du service.The device is able to allow carriages to be diverted from the main transport line to deviated lines, for example in the transverse direction of the store, so as to have the possibility of loading and unloading said storage lines according to the needs of the service.

Le dispositif de commande suivant l'invention est défini à la revendication 1 et aux revendications dépendantes.The control device according to the invention is defined in claim 1 and the dependent claims.

En fait il comprend un vérin pneumatique actionné par l'intermédiaire d'une électro-vanne convenablement disposée, et un dispositif à came apte à faire tourner d'un angle de 180° un corps conformé à la manière d'une aiguille qui, dans une première position, constitue un segment de guidage rectiligne propre à amener les chariots à poursuivre leur mouvement sur la ligne principale de transport, tandis que dans une deuxième position, tournée de 180° par rapport à la précédente, elle donne naissance à un segment de voie incurvé qui dévie les chariots sur une ligne perpendiculaire à la ligne principale, où les chariots sont stockés, conjointement avec leur charge.In fact, it comprises a pneumatic cylinder actuated by means of a suitably arranged solenoid valve, and a cam device able to rotate a body shaped in the manner of a needle by an angle of 180 °. a first position, constitutes a rectilinear guide segment suitable for causing the carriages to continue their movement on the main transport line, while in a second position, turned 180 ° relative to the previous one, it gives rise to a segment of curved track which deflects the carriages on a line perpendicular to the main line, where the carriages are stored, together with their load.

Le mécanisme qui commande la rotation de l'aiguille est constitué par un cylindre en métal coaxial à ladite aiguille et à la ligne principale, rendu solidaire de l'aiguille par un élément à goupilles.The mechanism which controls the rotation of the needle consists of a metal cylinder coaxial with said needle and the main line, made integral with the needle by a pin element.

Dans ce cylindre est ménagée une entaille à profil hélicoïdal, dont la longueur est propre à permettre à un doigt qui coulisse dans ladite entaille de faire tourner l'aiguille pour lui faire affecter les deux positions indiquées plus haut.In this cylinder is provided a notch with a helical profile, the length of which is suitable for allowing a finger which slides in said notch to rotate the needle to cause it to affect the two positions indicated above.

On conçoit que le doigt guidé dans l'entaille en hélice transforme le mouvement horizontal en un mouvement de rotation sur un angle de rotation de 180°.It is understood that the finger guided in the helical notch transforms the horizontal movement into a rotational movement over a rotation angle of 180 °.

La commande du mouvement de translation du doigt est assurée par un vérin pneumatique à double effet, avec guidage par une glissière rectiligne prévue dans ce but.The control of the translational movement of the finger is provided by a double-acting pneumatic cylinder, with guidance by a rectilinear slide provided for this purpose.

En résumé :

-
l'aiguillage est normalement fermé, pour permettre la continuation du mouvement du chariot sur la ligne principale ;
-
sous l'effet de l'envoi d' air comprimé dans le cylindre du vérin pneumatique, se produit la sortie du piston. La sortie du piston fait coulisser le cylindre muni du doigt ; ce dernier coulisse dans l'entaille en hélice, en provoquant la rotation de l'aiguille.
In summary :
-
the switch is normally closed, to allow the carriage movement to continue on the main line;
-
under the effect of the sending of compressed air into the cylinder of the pneumatic cylinder, the output of the piston occurs. The exit of the piston slides the cylinder fitted with the finger; the latter slides in the helical notch, causing the needle to rotate.

En alimentant le vérin pneumatique par l'autre extrémité, on obtient la rotation inverse de l'aiguille.By feeding the pneumatic cylinder from the other end, we obtain the reverse rotation of the needle.

L'indice de fiabilité mécanique du dispositif décrit ci-dessus est supérieur à 98%. Toutefois, il convient de tenir compte que tout défaut d'actionnement entraîne :

-
la perte de la maîtrise du chariot sortant,
-
la rupture du chariot,
si bien qu'on a prévu un système de contrôle qui est en mesure d'arrêter le mouvement lorsque l'aiguille n'a pas été positionnée correctement.The mechanical reliability index of the device described above is greater than 98%. However, it should be taken into account that any failure to operate leads to:
-
loss of control of the outgoing carriage,
-
rupture of the carriage,
so that a control system has been provided which is able to stop the movement when the needle has not been positioned correctly.

L'invention sera maintenant décrite ci-après de façon plus détaillée en regard des dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • Fig. 1 est une vue par l'avant du dispositif de déviation représenté à la position droite ;
  • Fig. 2 est une coupe verticale partielle, selon le plan II-II de fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 3 est une vue en plan du dispositif en position de continuation rectiligne du déplacement du chariot ;
  • Fig. 4 représente le dispositif en position déviée.
The invention will now be described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Fig. 1 is a view from the front of the deflection device shown in the straight position;
  • Fig. 2 is a partial vertical section, along the plane II-II of fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of the device in the position of rectilinear continuation of the movement of the carriage;
  • Fig. 4 shows the device in the deviated position.

Comme on peut le voir en fig. 1, la voie 1, qui a sensiblement une forme semi-cylindrique dans la surface de passage des chariots, est munie d'un vérin pneumatique de commande 2 et d'une aiguille de déviation 3 qui dans sa position rectiligne définit une ligne continue avec la portion de voie 4, orientée dans son prolongement.As can be seen in fig. 1, the track 1, which has a substantially semi-cylindrical shape in the passage surface of the carriages, is provided with a pneumatic control cylinder 2 and a deflection needle 3 which in its rectilinear position defines a continuous line with the portion of track 4, oriented in its extension.

L'aiguille 3 peut tourner de 180° suivant son axe longitudinal, en se plaçant alors dans la position représentée en fig. 4, où la portion de voie semi-cylindrique forme une courbe qui se continue par la portion de voie courbe 5, reliée à la voie de stationnement non représentée, disposée dans une direction perpendiculaire à la voie longitudinale 1.The needle 3 can rotate 180 ° along its longitudinal axis, then placing itself in the position shown in fig. 4, where the portion of semi-cylindrical track forms a curve which continues through the portion of curved track 5, connected to the parking lane not shown, arranged in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal lane 1.

La manoeuvre en rotation de l'aiguille 3 est commandée par un doigt 11 solidaire du piston 12 qui émerge du cylindre du vérin 2 ; ce doigt coulisse dans une entaille hélicoïdale 13 ménagée sur le tronçon 14 de la voie qui est solidaire de l'aiguille 3.The maneuver in rotation of the needle 3 is controlled by a finger 11 integral with the piston 12 which emerges from the cylinder of the jack 2; this finger slides in a helical notch 13 formed on the section 14 of the track which is integral with the needle 3.

De cette façon, le bras-support de chariot 6, muni d'une roue de forme bi-conique 7 dont le profil est dessiné en trait interrompu en fig. 3 et 4, lequel bras-support est relié par une barre 10 à un second bras-support 6', permet d'amener le chariot à la position représentée en fig. 4, en déviant de cette façon le chariot avec les objets transportés par ce dernier vers la voie de stationnement ou de déviation disposée à 90° par rapport à la voie principale 1 d'alimentation du magasin.In this way, the carriage support arm 6, provided with a bi-conical wheel 7 whose profile is drawn in broken lines in FIG. 3 and 4, which support arm is connected by a bar 10 to a second support arm 6 ', allows the carriage to be brought to the position shown in fig. 4, by deflecting in this way the trolley with the objects transported by the latter towards the parking or deflection path disposed at 90 ° relative to the main path 1 of supply to the store.

On a prévu un système de contrôle constitué par deux capteurs 8 et 9 (fig. 3 et 4) qui signalent la position de l'aiguille 3, l'un de ces capteurs étant en mesure de détecter la position de 0°, l'autre la position de 180°.A control system has been provided consisting of two sensors 8 and 9 (fig. 3 and 4) which signal the position of the needle 3, one of these sensors being able to detect the position from 0 °, the other the position of 180 °.

Ce contrôle possède donc une fiabilité absolue, puisque les capteurs précités détectent ainsi les positions erronées et dangereuses pour l'intégrité du chariot.This control therefore has absolute reliability, since the aforementioned sensors thus detect the erroneous and dangerous positions for cart integrity.

Il convient de préciser que la vérification de la position de l'aiguille se produit sur l'élément solidaire de l'aiguille elle-même et non pas sur des mécanismes ou leviers qui commandent son mouvement.It should be specified that the verification of the position of the needle occurs on the element integral with the needle itself and not on mechanisms or levers which control its movement.

En outre, il est prévu qu'un capteur monté en amont du dispositif, et qui est toujours connecté au dispositif électronique, contrôle, avant l'activation de l'ensemble, qu'il n'y a pas un chariot en transit. Pour plus de sécurité, on prévoit aussi la possibilité d'insérer à la sortie une cellule photo-électrique qui contrôle la présence d'un chariot.In addition, it is expected that a sensor mounted upstream of the device, and which is always connected to the electronic device, checks, before activation of the assembly, that there is not a trolley in transit. For greater security, the possibility is also provided of inserting a photocell at the outlet which checks the presence of a trolley.

Une centrale locale appropriée, non représentée, qui fonctionne avec des modalités semi-automatiques ou même automatiques, traduit et contrôle les signaux qui proviennent des capteurs et décide, sur la base de la réponse de ceux-ci, si l'on doit ou non arrêter l'installation, avec signalisation éventuelle par une alarme correspondante.A suitable local central, not shown, which operates with semi-automatic or even automatic modalities, translates and controls the signals coming from the sensors and decides, on the basis of their response, whether or not to be stop the installation, possibly signaled by a corresponding alarm.

Claims (5)

Dispositif de déviation à commande pneumatique pour lignes de transport aerien par chariots, applicable à des réseaux de transport comprenant une voie principale d'alimentation de chariots et des voies transversales de stationnement ou de déviation pour les objets à introduire dans le magasin, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une aiguille (3) qui peut tourner avec une amplitude angulaire de 180°, de manière à pouvoir se placer dans une première position rectiligne qui correspond à la liaison entre deux portions alignées (1 et 4) et une deuxième position, orientée à 180°, qui permet de relier la portion (1) à une portion courbe (5) de liaison avec les voies de stationnement perpendiculaires à la principale.Pneumatically operated deflection device for air transport lines by trolleys, applicable to transport networks comprising a main supply path for trolleys and transverse parking or deflection paths for objects to be introduced into the store, characterized in that that it comprises a needle (3) which can rotate with an angular amplitude of 180 °, so as to be able to be placed in a first rectilinear position which corresponds to the connection between two aligned portions (1 and 4) and a second position, oriented at 180 °, which makes it possible to connect the portion (1) to a curved portion (5) connecting with the parking lanes perpendicular to the main. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la rotation de l'aiguille (3) est commandée par un vérin pneumatique (2) équipé d'un dispositif de contrôle électronique par ordinateur, connecté à une centrale disposée en dehors de l'installation et qui, de cette façon, peut être logée dans des locaux sombres, dépourvus d'ouvertures et de chauffage, la présence de personnel n'étant pas nécessaire.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation of the needle (3) is controlled by a pneumatic cylinder (2) equipped with an electronic computer control device, connected to a central unit located outside the installation and which, in this way, can be housed in dark rooms, devoid of openings and heating, the presence of staff is not necessary. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le vérin pneumatique (2) commande, par son piston, la rotation de l'aiguille (3) de la position normale de continuation en ligne droite des chariots transporteurs, à la position tournée de 180°, laquelle permet la déviation des chariots sur les lignes transversales, et vice versa.Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinder (2) controls, by its piston, the rotation of the needle (3) from the normal position of continuation in a straight line of the transport carriages, in the rotated position of 180 °, which allows the deviation of the carriages on the transverse lines, and vice versa. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que des capteurs (8, 9) connectés à un système de sécurité, vérifient avant l'activation de l'aiguillage l'éventuelle présence d'un chariot en transit, en bloquant la commande de la rotation de l'aiguille (3) afin d'éviter tout incident sur ce chariot.Device according to claim 3, characterized in that sensors (8, 9) connected to a security system, check before the switching is activated the possible presence of a trolley in transit, by blocking the control of the rotation of the needle (3) to avoid any incident on this carriage. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les deux capteurs (8 et 9) commandent le positionnement correct de l'aiguille en décidant, sur la base de leur réponse, d'arrêter ou non l'installation, avec éventuelle signalisation par alarme.Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the two sensors (8 and 9) control the correct positioning of the needle by deciding, on the basis of their response, to stop or not the installation, with possible signaling by alarm .
EP95201923A 1995-07-13 1995-07-13 Pneumatic actuated deviation apparatus for aerial trolley transport track Expired - Lifetime EP0753625B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95201923A EP0753625B1 (en) 1995-07-13 1995-07-13 Pneumatic actuated deviation apparatus for aerial trolley transport track
ES95201923T ES2143587T3 (en) 1995-07-13 1995-07-13 DEVIATION DEVICE WITH PNEUMATIC CONTROL FOR AIR TRANSPORT LINE BY CARS.
AT95201923T ATE188523T1 (en) 1995-07-13 1995-07-13 PNEUMATICALLY DRIVEN DEVIATION DEVICE FOR A SUSPENDED TRANSPORT TROLLEY
DE69514344T DE69514344T2 (en) 1995-07-13 1995-07-13 Pneumatic-driven deviation device for a transport trolley monorail

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95201923A EP0753625B1 (en) 1995-07-13 1995-07-13 Pneumatic actuated deviation apparatus for aerial trolley transport track

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0753625A1 true EP0753625A1 (en) 1997-01-15
EP0753625B1 EP0753625B1 (en) 2000-01-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95201923A Expired - Lifetime EP0753625B1 (en) 1995-07-13 1995-07-13 Pneumatic actuated deviation apparatus for aerial trolley transport track

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0753625B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE188523T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69514344T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2143587T3 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108408596A (en) * 2018-05-10 2018-08-17 新乡市盛达重工机械有限公司 A kind of double girder lifting hook portal cranes

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20214780U1 (en) * 2002-09-25 2003-09-04 Duerkopp Adler Ag Direction change points, for an overhead suspension conveyor, has a moving tongue flush with a rail at one end and with a free end to lie flush against either of the other two rails

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1248112A (en) * 1959-10-30 1960-12-09 Saxby Ets Switch for suspended train track
FR2129119A5 (en) * 1971-03-16 1972-10-27 Barthalon Maurice
US4094252A (en) * 1976-04-22 1978-06-13 Hendrik Pater Self-controlled on-grade monorail track switch and method
SU1381016A1 (en) * 1986-06-16 1988-03-15 Украинский Филиал Государственного Проектного И Конструкторского Института "Союзпроммеханизация" Arrangement for branching-off of trolleys of monorail tracks
DE8808593U1 (en) * 1988-07-05 1988-10-27 Thyssen-M.A.N. Aufzuege Gmbh, 7303 Neuhausen, De

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1248112A (en) * 1959-10-30 1960-12-09 Saxby Ets Switch for suspended train track
FR2129119A5 (en) * 1971-03-16 1972-10-27 Barthalon Maurice
US4094252A (en) * 1976-04-22 1978-06-13 Hendrik Pater Self-controlled on-grade monorail track switch and method
SU1381016A1 (en) * 1986-06-16 1988-03-15 Украинский Филиал Государственного Проектного И Конструкторского Института "Союзпроммеханизация" Arrangement for branching-off of trolleys of monorail tracks
DE8808593U1 (en) * 1988-07-05 1988-10-27 Thyssen-M.A.N. Aufzuege Gmbh, 7303 Neuhausen, De

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108408596A (en) * 2018-05-10 2018-08-17 新乡市盛达重工机械有限公司 A kind of double girder lifting hook portal cranes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE188523T1 (en) 2000-01-15
DE69514344D1 (en) 2000-02-10
DE69514344T2 (en) 2000-08-24
ES2143587T3 (en) 2000-05-16
EP0753625B1 (en) 2000-01-05

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