EP0751259B1 - Method and device for making recesses in asphalt layers - Google Patents

Abstract

When an asphalt layer is laid or shortly after it has been laid, a frame (1) is worked into the location of an intended recess (2) in the asphalt layer (3). The frame has the shape of the intended recess. The still warm asphalt located inside the frame is sucked away by a suction device. The recesses in the upper asphalt layer are produced in a grid formation, which corresponds to the distance between rail sleepers to be fixed on the asphalt layer or to a whole number multiple of such distance. The recesses are produced in the centre between the intended run of the two rails of the track and are provided for the accommodation of an anchoring projection extending downwards from the sleepers.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing Recesses in asphalt layers, especially in asphalt layers ballastless superstructure for railways, on which on a lower Base layer an asphalt layer is applied, on which rail sleepers are mounted become. In such an application, for example, cutouts for the Fixation of the rail sleepers required, with the middle of part of the Thresholds or all thresholds of anchoring protrusions extending down into the If possible, intervene in the cutouts concerned and glue them in place or cast in.

A corresponding device has a for producing such recesses Loosening device for loosening asphalt within the recess provided area.

Loosening devices of this type typically consist of cutting discs with which slots corresponding to the contour of the recess are cut into the asphalt layer be, with the asphalt within the cut area with Air chisels or the like is loosened and removed.

WO 90/02844 describes a device for repairing potholes in streets known, which consists of a vehicle that has a storage container for a bitumen mixture, has a storage container for split and a receptacle for waste, this Waste receptacle with a suction device to be placed over a pothole connected is. A milling machine, which is arranged in the center of a machining head, is supposed to do that Bring the existing pothole to a desired contour, the resulting one Waste material is sucked in.

Such a device or such a vehicle is not suitable, recesses in yet warm asphalt, as they are generally still warm for this purpose Should drive on asphalt. In addition, such a device works with a Milling cutter shape of the pothole much too slow to be economical A large number of recesses arranged one behind the other in an asphalt layer could be produced, as is the case with rail fastening on so-called fixed Roadways is required.

Regardless of the production of recesses for rail sleepers, it goes without saying however, that such a method and a corresponding device generally for the Making recesses in asphalt layers can be used, for example also in the case of road surfaces. In the production of ballast-free superstructures for railways are the method according to the invention and the corresponding one The device is particularly suitable because in the asphalt layer in question As a rule, each rail sleeper is anchored in a corresponding recess, so that a variety of such recesses in a grid dimension, which the grid dimension of Corresponds to rail sleepers, must be manufactured.

Because of the ever higher speeds that can be achieved with rail-bound transport systems strives for passenger and freight transport, despite careful and the conventional ballast layers proved to be insufficiently durable for embedding the rail sleepers. The one with the high speeds associated with rail vehicles dynamic loads lead to local loosening or shifting of the gravel layer, which leads to corresponding Deformation of the rails or to give way to the rails when driving drive with a fast vehicle. Such yielding and even more deformations of the Rails are intolerable for high-speed vehicles. Because of this, are In recent times, ballast-free superstructures have been used for railways which an asphalt layer is applied and compacted on a lower base course, on which the rail sleepers are then mounted. A method is known in which anchoring stones are incorporated or cast into the asphalt layer that protrude from the surface of the asphalt layer and that in corresponding Engage recesses on the underside of the rail sleepers in a form-fitting manner to be firmly and permanently anchored.

However, this method has the disadvantage that the required asphalt compaction is straight in the area around the anchoring stones is very complex and difficult. For this Basically, a different method has been adopted, initially a homogeneous one and to produce highly compacted asphalt layer and then the desired recesses in to provide the asphalt layer, with corresponding anchoring projections of the Interlock the rail sleepers in the recesses and, as already mentioned in are potted or glued.

The contours of the recess are usually matched with cutting discs Slits were cut in the asphalt layer and then the asphalt within the incised area loosened with compressed air chisels or the like and removed. This method is also relatively complex and has the disadvantage that the recesses only in simple polygonal shapes, usually rectangular or square Cross section could be made. The entire asphalt is in this process also highly compressed along the edge of the recess, however, the process presents high Precision requirements for making the cutouts and cutting the slots so that a corresponding anchoring projection is really form-fitting engages in the recess.

Compared to this prior art, the object of the present invention is a method and a corresponding device with the features mentioned above create, which in a very simple, fast and cost-saving manner the manufacture of Enable cut-outs in asphalt layers.

With regard to the method according to claim 1, the object on which the invention is based is achieved by that when applying or shortly after applying the asphalt layer, a frame on the Place the intended recess in the asphalt layer, using the frame has essentially the shape of the recess provided, and that within the The asphalt, which is still warm, is loosened and removed by a suction device is suctioned off.

The method according to the invention differs from the conventional method as especially because the asphalt material is still warm, not hardened is removed and, to make this possible at all, a frame in the asphalt is incorporated, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to the desired recess. there you could leave the frame in the recess and in this case the internal dimensions would have to be of the frame of the desired recess. The frame can also be used again be removed from the recess and in this case, of course, the External dimensions of the frame or the part of the frame penetrating the asphalt correspond to the desired dimensions of the recess.

In a preferred variant of the method according to the invention, the Asphalt within the frame by placing the frame in the (still warm) asphalt layer is shaken. Specifically, it is a frame that is still warm and preferably already compacted asphalt layer and vibrated or hammered into the Asphalt layer shaken. The asphalt within the frame is so in Vibrations offset that it gives in to the suction of a suction device when above the Asphalt layer within the frame creates a sufficient vacuum. The The jogging process also has the particular advantage that the granular asphalt material is further compacted and solidified on the outer circumference of the frame.

In principle, it would of course also be possible to apply the asphalt layer insert the appropriate frame into the asphalt layer and then insert it to loosen with the help of a vibrating device and the ones located inside the frame Then vacuum the asphalt. However, the above-mentioned vibrating method is preferred.

Furthermore, an embodiment of the method according to the invention is preferred, in which the extracted material for further use in the manufacture of further sections of the Asphalt layer is returned to an asphalt material bucket. With the conventional Process of recesses, in which the recesses generally only after the When the asphalt surface had been hardened, the asphalt lumps had to be removed Waste material to be disposed of. By recycling according to this variant of the invention can produce relatively large amounts of asphalt in the production of such an asphalt layer can be saved, especially if, as in the case of the superstructure for Railways, relatively many recesses are provided, the total area after all is on the order of one or more percent of the total asphalt surface.

With regard to the corresponding device according to claim 7 for producing recesses in one Asphalt layer and a loosening device for loosening asphalt within the has area provided for the recess, which is the basis of the invention Object achieved in that the device is provided on an asphalt paver and that the suction device has a suction hood which is connected to a flexible pipe or Hose line is connected to a suction unit.

If a corresponding suction device is arranged on a separate device and the recesses are only subsequently made in the hardened asphalt layer it would offer no particular advantage. However, in that the suction device is provided directly on an asphalt paver, the asphalt can immediately after the corresponding asphalt layer has been produced by the device in question are suctioned off, the flexible hose line with which the suction hood of the Device is connected to a corresponding suction unit, which offers the possibility the asphalt paver continuously during the production of the asphalt layer to move forward while the suction hood is stationary over the relevant recess can remain arranged around the loosened asphalt material suck off.

In the case of the warm asphalt layers, in which a frame is placed, it is sufficient a suction device to achieve the vacuum alone to the asphalt layer inside to lift the frame, which breaks and through the suction device from the provided Recess is removed.

This process is particularly facilitated by the fact that, according to the preferred Design of the device according to the invention, the loosening device a vibrating device is for a frame whose dimensions correspond to the intended recess. The Vibrating device moves the asphalt layer around the frame and especially inside of the frame in strong oscillations and vibrations, so that there is only a slight Support from the vacuum generated by the suction device is required to Lift and remove the asphalt surface from the surface within the frame.

It is particularly advantageous if the frame, which with the help of the invention Device has been shaken, has an outwardly flanged edge, which attaches to the outer edge of the recess provided and so the asphalt layer around the Holds recess around and even additionally compressed, which is also the sole displacement in lateral direction when shaking the frame contributes. In particular, in this Context also be provided that the suction device only in operation for a short time is set when the vibrated frame has pierced the asphalt layer or the outer one Frame flange lies on the surface of the asphalt layer.

An embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred in which an exhaust hood is provided, the cross section of which covers the surface of the recess and the lower edge of which the vibrated frame can be put on. This suction hood then only produces over the Surface of the recess provided the desired vacuum and can then Tear loose, warm asphalt out of this area.

It is particularly useful if the suction hood is equipped with a flexible pipe or Hose line is connected, the possible relative movements between the suction hood and can compensate for a suction unit.

An embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred, in which the suction hood over a pipeline or via the flexible hose line with a storage bucket for asphalt material connected is. In this way, the extracted warm asphalt material can further use in the manufacture of the asphalt surface. Furthermore are expediently guide elements for a frame to be vibrated and / or also for the Suction device or its suction hood provided. These leadership elements are planned all the purpose of arranging the frame and the suction device exactly at the positions, where the recesses are to be made.

The aforementioned preferred configurations of the device according to the invention can best be achieved by the fact that the entire device for producing the Cutouts on an asphalt paver, preferably behind the compaction screed is mounted.

An embodiment of the device in which the suction hood, is preferably suspended together with a vibrating device on a carriage which in turn hangs longitudinally on a rail, this rail being behind the compaction screed of the ballast paver along the working direction of the asphalt paver and extends in the upper area, the flexible suction hose on the suction hood Relative movements of the carriage along the rail and relative to the other parts of the Asphalt paver and the parts of the suction device mounted on it.

Furthermore, it is expedient in this embodiment if the suction hood is and / or damping elements on the vibrating device for vibrating the frame suspended or integrated into it.

Figur 1

schematisch einen Asphaltfertiger mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Einbringung von Aussparungen in einer Asphaltschicht in einer Seitenansicht,

Figur 2

wiederum schematisch eine Ansicht von oben auf den hinteren Abschnitt des in Figur 1 dargestellten Asphaltfertigers mit den erfindungsgemäßen Komponenten,

Figur 3

eine Ansicht von hinten auf den in Figur 1 dargestellten Asphaltfertiger und

Figur 4

ebenfalls schematisch eine Detailansicht der in Figur 1 im rechten Bildteil erkennbaren Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Aussparungen in der Asphaltschicht.

Further advantages, features and possible uses of the present invention will become clear from the following description of a preferred embodiment and the associated figures. Show it:

Figure 1

schematically an asphalt paver with the device according to the invention for making recesses in an asphalt layer in a side view,

Figure 2

again schematically a view from above of the rear section of the asphalt paver shown in FIG. 1 with the components according to the invention,

Figure 3

a rear view of the asphalt paver shown in Figure 1 and

Figure 4

likewise schematically shows a detailed view of the device for making recesses in the asphalt layer that can be seen in the right part of the figure.

1 shows an asphalt paver 10 which largely has a conventional structure. The asphalt paver consists of a tracked vehicle with relatively far apart Chain tracks, between which the asphalt layer is applied to a lower support layer. For this purpose, the asphalt paver 10 has a storage bucket 5, and not visible here and devices arranged between the chain drives for uniform application of a Asphalt layer on the underlying base layer.

Subsequently, this asphalt layer with a following the chain drive Compaction screed 11 compacted. The compaction screed 11 can in particular also be a Have vibrating mechanism for firmly shaking the asphalt layer 3. The asphalt paver 10 generally works continuously, i.e. it moves slowly in the working direction left, the emptying storage bucket 5 constantly by appropriate vehicles is refilled, either in close proximity in front of the asphalt paver 10 or next to it drive up the same.

In the right part of the picture you can see that the rear end of the asphalt paver 10 is also attached elements a device for making recesses in the asphalt layer 3. For this purpose, a vibrating device 6 with an integrated suction device 4 is provided, which is shown in detail in Figure 4. The device consists essentially of a Vibrating hammer 6 'with a vibrating frame or frame 6 ". In the vibrating frame 6" is one Integrated suction hood 7, which has a suction nozzle to which a flexible hose 8 is connected, which is connected to a suction unit 15. The suction hood 7 is over Springs 14 and damping elements 14 'connected to the vibrating frame 6 ".

The entire vibrating device 6, including the suction device 4, is connected via a cable 18 and suspended a sled 12 on a rail 13, which is at the rear end of the Asphalt paver 10 extends in its longitudinal direction and that on the structure 16 of the asphalt paver 10 is attached. In the lower area of the structure 16 of the asphalt paver 10 are guide elements 9 attached, which laterally enclose the nozzle of the suction hood 7 and thus the Suction hood 7 and indirectly guide the vibrator 6 laterally. Usually the recesses exactly in the middle of the asphalt track, i.e. exactly in the middle between the Asphalt paver 10 caterpillar tracks were made, however, the guide elements could be used if necessary 9 can also be moved laterally, in order to make recesses asymmetrical if necessary to be attached to the width of the asphalt track.

As already mentioned, the figures are only schematic representations of the individual devices and components, which of course can also have a different shape.

The frame 1 can either be a rectangular frame or a frame with a circular wall. The frame cross section or the wall cross section of the The frame is angled twice into a Z shape. The frame 1 consists of the actual the recess 2 producing vertical frame part 21, a horizontally extending Flange part 22 and an outer edge 23 which finally extends vertically again the actual recess 2 producing frame part consists only of the vertical Wall section 21. The flange 22 is intended to provide good power transmission from the To ensure shaking device 6 on the frame 1, also a flange-like The vibrating foot 17 of the vibrating frame 6 "comes into contact with the flange part 22 of the frame 1. The Z-shaped, double bending of the wall of the frame 1 gives the frame a special high stability, so that by vigorously shaking the frame with simultaneous pressure of the flange 17 on the flange part 22 of the frame, the inner wall part 21 of the frame can be pressed relatively easily into the still warm asphalt. The underside lies down of the flange part 22 of the frame 1 on the edge of the recess 2 provided and holds so that the asphalt layer around the recess to be provided is very firm. In addition the edges of the recess 2 still experience compression due to the radial displacement of the asphalt material through the wall section 21 of the frame 2. At the same time the Suction unit 15 ago over the flexible hose 8 in the suction hood 7 a considerable Vacuum creates what in connection with the shaking of the frame 1 and the Vibrating frame 6 "breaks the asphalt material still present in the recess 2, which is then removed through the suction hose 8. From a still behind the vibrating and Suction device on a rope suspended frame 20 can then the frame 1 from the recess 2 from the still warm asphalt. It is understood that the suction hood 7 with its lower edge is only a short distance from the frame 1 or even rests on this or touches it with a sealing strip, so that without excessive high suction power the desired vacuum can be maintained. It is also possible to control the system so that the vacuum is only generated briefly when the inner wall of the frame just pierces the asphalt layer 3.

The vibrating movements of the vibrating frame 6 "are generated by the vibrating hammer 6 ', which in the generally has an eccentric or a vibrating piston.

The entire device is suspended from a slide 12 via a cable pull device 18, which is movable in the longitudinal direction of the device along the rail 13. With the help of Cable device 18, the vibrator 6 and the parts integrated therein Suction device 4 lifted when a recess 2 is made. The remains Frame 1 initially in this recess and is only then, for example by the Rack 20 out, removed. By moving the carriage 12 along the rail 13, the Device placed in the desired position over the next frame 1 to this to shake. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the asphalt paver 10 is behind the compaction screed or on the structure of the asphalt paver in the area of the vibrating and suction device Guide rails 9 attached, which the suction hood 7 and the vibrating frame 6 "in lateral Lead direction. These guide elements can also be used for the Align the frame 1 to be shaken correctly beforehand by using the guide elements 9 corresponding devices for aligning and feeding the frame 1 are arranged.

When a frame 1 is vibrated, the carriage 12 becomes in the working direction of the asphalt paver 10 move forward and over the next frame already arranged on the asphalt positioned. The vibrating device is then lowered and this further frame 1 becomes shaken into the asphalt layer 3. The asphalt paver moves during this process 10 continuously in the working direction, the vibrating device 6 with the suction hood 7 remains stationary over the frame 1 to be vibrated, so that the carriage 12 along the Rail 13 moved backwards in the working direction. The flexible hose line 8 ensures thereby that the relative movements in question between those permanently attached to the asphalt paver Parts of the suction device, such as the suction unit 15, and the suction hood 7 are possible or compensated.

The extracted asphalt material is through the flexible line 8 and the suction unit 15th again entered into the material bucket 5 of the asphalt paver 10 via a pipeline 8 '. In order to is the material taken out of the recesses 2 for the further production of the Asphalt layer is available and does not need to be disposed of.

The entire asphalt paver is controlled from one or more work platforms 19, whereby expediently a separate operating option for the device for producing the Cutouts are provided.

The device as a whole is expediently constructed in such a way that it can be connected to a conventional one Asphalt paver 10 can also be retrofitted.

In the view according to Figure 2 from above is only the rear part with the device for manufacturing the recesses 2 can be seen. On the left edge of the picture you can still see the suction unit 15, which via the pipe 8 'and a (not recognizable here) flexible hose 8' with the Suction hood 7 is connected. The frame 1 is elongated rectangular and can be seen in Figure 2 the inner wall 21, the outer wall 23 and the intermediate flange portion 22 of the Frame 1. A work platform 19 'runs on both sides of the vibrating and suction device which can be operated from the relevant elements, in particular from there can be actuated or controlled from the cable pulling device 18 and the slide 12.

In Figure 3 are essentially the same elements again in a rear view of the Asphalt paver 10 recognizable.

With the device according to the invention, cutouts 2 can be made in a freshly produced one Asphalt pavement can be produced relatively quickly and with low energy and cost. In addition, asphalt material is also saved, since that removed from the recesses Material can be reused while still warm.

Claims (14)

1. A method of making openings in an asphalt layer, in particular in a ballastless permanent-way construction for railways, wherein applied to a lower base layer is an asphalt layer on which railway sleepers are mounted, characterised in that when applying or shortly after applying the asphalt layer a frame (1) is fitted into the asphalt layer (3) at the location of an intended opening (2), which frame is substantially in the shape of the intended opening (2), and that the asphalt which is within the frame and which is still hot is loosened and sucked away by a suction removal device (4).
2. A method according to claim 1 characterised in that the openings are made in the upper asphalt layer of a ballastless permanent-way construction for railways with a pitch dimension which corresponds to the spacing of railway sleepers to be fixed on the asphalt layer or an integral multiple thereof, wherein the openings (2) are made approximately in the centre between the intended path of the two rails of the railway and are designed to receive an anchoring projection which extends downwardly from the sleepers.
3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that loosening of the asphalt in the opening is effected by vibrating the frame (1) into the asphalt layer (3).
4. A method according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterised in that the operation of fitting the frame (1) into the asphalt layer is effected immediately after compacting of the asphalt.
5. A method according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that the asphalt material which is sucked away is returned to an asphalt material bucket (5) for further use in producing further portions of the asphalt layer (3).
6. A method according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the frame (1) is removed from the opening after the material contained in the frame has been sucked away.
7. Apparatus for making openings in an asphalt layer, in particular in an asphalt layer (3) which is intended as a base layer for railway sleepers, comprising a loosening device (6) for loosening the asphalt while still hot within the region intended for the opening (2), characterised in that the apparatus is provided on an asphalter (10) and has a suction removal device (4) with a suction removal hood connected to a suction removal unit by way of a flexible hose line.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7 characterised in that the loosening device is a vibrator device (6) for inserting a frame (1) whose dimensions correspond to the intended opening (2).
9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or claim 8 characterised in that the suction removal hood (7) with its cross-section embraces the surface area of the opening (2) and can be fitted with its lower edge on to the frame (1) or leaves only a small gap free in relation to the frame.
10. Apparatus according to one of claims 7 to 9 characterised in that the suction removal hood (7) is connected by way of a suction removal line (8) to a supply bucket (5) for asphalt material.
11. Apparatus according to one of claims 7 to 10 characterised in that there are provided guide elements (9) for a frame (1) which is to be fitted by a vibrating action and/or for the suction removal device (4) or the suction removal hood (7) thereof.
12. Apparatus according to one of claims 7 to 11 characterised in that it is mounted behind the compacting board (11) of the asphalter (10).
13. Apparatus according to claim 12 characterised in that the suction removal hood (7) is suspended preferably together with the vibrator device (6) on a carriage (12) which in turn is suspended movably in the longitudinal direction on a rail (13) which extends behind the compacting board (11) in the working direction of the asphalter (10) and in the upper region thereof, wherein the flexible suction removal hose (8) compensates for movements of the carriage (12) along the rail (13) and relative to the parts of the suction removal device (4), which are fixedly mounted to the asphalter (10).
14. Apparatus according to claim 12 or claim 13 characterised in that the suction removal hood (7) is suspended by way of spring and/or damping elements (14) from the vibrator device (6) and is preferably integrated into same.

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