EP0751225A1 - Verfahren zur Feststellung von proteolitischen Wirkungen und/oder deren Inhibitoren - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Feststellung von proteolitischen Wirkungen und/oder deren Inhibitoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0751225A1
EP0751225A1 EP96114931A EP96114931A EP0751225A1 EP 0751225 A1 EP0751225 A1 EP 0751225A1 EP 96114931 A EP96114931 A EP 96114931A EP 96114931 A EP96114931 A EP 96114931A EP 0751225 A1 EP0751225 A1 EP 0751225A1
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activities
proteolytic
inhibitors
identification
peptide
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EP96114931A
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French (fr)
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EP0751225B1 (de
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Giorgio Fassina
Angelo Corti
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Tecnogen SpA
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Tecnogen SpA
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Priority claimed from IT48365A external-priority patent/IT1242076B/it
Priority claimed from ITRM910261A external-priority patent/IT1244512B/it
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/52—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
    • C07K14/525—Tumour necrosis factor [TNF]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/001—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof by chemical synthesis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/575—Hormones
    • C07K14/57536—Endothelin, vasoactive intestinal contractor [VIC]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for the identification of proteolytic activities and/or of inhibitors thereof in biological fluids, fermentation broths, conditioned culture soils, cell extracts, plant extracts.
  • the methods already known for the immobilization of low molecular weight peptides (M.W. 1000-4000) on solid supports can be essentially divided into the methods that are based on a covalent interaction between the peptide and the support, and the methods in which the peptide is linked or adsorbed in a non-covalent way.
  • the chemical reactivity of the amino or carboxyl groups of the peptides is exploited for esterification reactions with suitable groups which are present on the solid support.
  • the peptide of interest can contain more than one reactive group (for instance, amino or carboxyl groups), the immobilization can be hardly selected towards a particular group, so being non-homogeneous and unforeseeable.
  • the immobilization turns out to be oriented, but the closeness to the solid phase quite often causes a partial or total loss of the initial recognition capabilities.
  • the introduction of suitable spacers between the solid phase and the peptide obviates some drawbacks of such kind, but such approach considerably increases the cost of the support or of the peptide, considerably decreases the total capability, and in addition it is to be adjusted in its details for each peptide individually, and introduces some changes which are due to non-specific interactions between the spacer and the other molecules.
  • the immobilization of peptides by means of non-specific interactions on solid supports is also illustrated in the literature (Geerligs et al., J. Immunol. Methods, 106:239, 1988). In that case, the orientation of the peptide is fully undeterminable, because many residues are involved in the interaction in an unforeseeable way.
  • hydropathically complementary peptides can be employed for identifying reacting activities with the same.
  • search for new, pharmacologically active molecules is carried out through the study of the biological activities of fermentation broth, of conditioned culture soils, of cell extracts, of plant extracts and of other products of fermentation origin containing a large number of bioorganic molecules which are uncharacterized and are endowed with activities of the most different kinds.
  • peptides and the proteins which comprise also those having hormonal actions, endowed with pharmacological activities and which, while biologically synthesized originally in the form of high molecular weight precursors, require activation by means of sequence-specific proteolytic enzymes, are numerous. Accordingly, in the pharmacological field the research of both such enzymes and of molecules capable of inhibiting such conversions for contrasting the effect of the same is very important.
  • Endothelin is synthesized by the endothelial cells in the form of a precursor having 200 amino acids (prepro-endothelin), first converted into pro-endothelin (38 amino acids) and then into mature endothelin (1-21) through proteolytic degradation by means of one or more specific enzymes which have not been characterized as yet and are called “ECE” (endothelin converting enzymes).
  • Pro-endothelin is pharmacologically inactive, but it can be activated both in vitro and in vivo , also by the action of wide-spectrum proteolytic enzymes like chymotrypsin and cathepsin.
  • protease inhibitors like phosphoramidone not only prevent pro-endothelin from being converted into endothelin, but also prevents the blood pressure from increasing in rats when pro-endothelin is administered to the same through injection. It is of remarkable importance that such inhibitor gradually reduces also the blood pressure in rats suffering from spontaneous hyper-tension (McMahon et al., 1990, Proc. 2nd Internat. Meeting on Endothelin, Tsukuba City, Japan).
  • ECE chromogenic substrates for employment in the identification of such proteolytic activities or of similar proteolytic activities as well as of inhibitors of said activities are not available at present.
  • the authors of the same have surprisingly found that also the pro-endothelin 16-32 fragment undergoes a proteolytic degradation at the level of the 21-22 residues, because of the action of enzymes like chymotrypsin, the kinetic characteristics being similar to those observed with the whole pro-endothelin.
  • the 8 ⁇ ET (16-29) molecule both in solution and in the solid phase, recognizes the fragment 16-32 of pro-endothelin, even though it has been derivatized with biotin, whereas it is uncapable of associating the fragments 16-21 and/or 22-32 obtained by chymotryptic degradation.
  • the object of the present invention a process for the identification of proteolytic activities and/or of inhibitors of such activities, said process comprising the reaction wherein E represents said proteolytic activity, capable of catalyzing the conversion of a substrate A comprising at least one protein fragment labelled with at least one site of proteolytic attack, to the fragments C and D, I represents said inhibitors of such conversion, B represents a ligand which is capable of recognizing and bonding said substrate A but not said fragments C and D; the asterisk pointing out that said substrate A is labelled.
  • said fragment is labelled by means of radioisotopes, or of enzymes, or of fluorescent compounds or of chromophores, or of biotin.
  • said fragment is labelled with biotin and can be evidenced by incubation with streptavidin conjugated with peroxidase.
  • the process comprising means for the separation of the protein fragment-ligand complex from unlinked protein fragments and from the proteolysed derivatives.
  • Said separation means are conveniently realized through the immobilization on a solid phase of said ligand, and washing off said protein fragments which are not bonded and said proteolysed derivatives.
  • said solid phase comprises plastic plates divided into compartments.
  • the process comprises the step of measuring said labelled protein fragments linked to said ligand immobilized on a solid phase.
  • said protein substrate comprises a fragment of the pro-endothelin and said ligand comprises amino acid sequences which are idropathically complementary to said fragment of the pro-endothelin.
  • said fragment of the pro-endothelin is made up of the amino acid 16 up to the amino acid 32 of the formula HLDIIWVNTPEHIVPYG, and said detection molecule comprises the molecule 8 ⁇ ET (16-29).
  • said proteolytic attack site is comprised between the amino acids 21-22 of the fragment 16-32 of pro-endothelin, in such a way as to give rise, if in the presence of proteolytic activities, to two fragments ET (16-21) and ET (22-32) which do not become linked to said molecule 8 ⁇ ET (16-29).
  • This invention has been employed for synthesizing sequences of nonlinear peptides which are hydropathically complementary to the site 16-29 of the Big Endothelin (Yanagisawa et al., Nature 322 , 411 (1988)) [1-38], and to the site 144-157 of the TNF ⁇ (Bentler and Cerami, Ann; Rev. Immunol., 7:625, 1989), so obtaining a better exploitation of the same for the immobilization on solid phases.
  • the peptides can be synthesized on the basis of procedures which are already known to those who are skilled in the art, in solution or through solid-phase synthesis, starting from a polylysine nucleus formed by the covalent union of seven lysine residues as illustrated in Figure 1A.
  • the peptide 8 ⁇ ET [16-29] whose structure is shown in Figure 1B, has been synthesized by solid-phase synthesis following a Fmoc procedure (Dryland and Sheppard, TH 44 , 859 (1988)) employing as the solvent system N-methylpyrrolidone/di-chloromethane, employing an automatic synthesizer Applied Biosystem 431A, and following the hints of the maker.
  • the nonlinear peptide 8 ⁇ TNF [144-157] has been synthesized, whose sequence is shown in Figure 7B.
  • the synthesis and purification procedures for the peptides are largely represented and illustrated in the literature, and such procedures are well known to those who are skilled in the art.
  • the peptide 8 ⁇ ET [16-29] has been employed for preparing an affinity column for the purification of Big ET from mixtures containing 20 different peptides, each one at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.
  • affinity columns prepared with the 8 ⁇ ET [16-29] peptide show a higher binding capacity, i.e.
  • the peptide is linked to the solid phase either through the N-terminal alpha-amino group or through the epsilon-amino groups of the lysines present in the positions 2 and 13 in the peptide sequence.
  • the peptide is not homogeneously immobilized, and anyway the closeness to the solid phase can cause remarkable decreases in the binding capacity for the Big ET.
  • Such effects are quite common indeed also for other affinity systems and anyway they are largely illustrated in the literature.
  • the usefulness of the present invention can be further appreciated, as is disclosed in the following examples, in the case of realizing analytical methodologies for the quantitative determination of said Big ET.
  • the peptide 8 ⁇ ET [16-29] can be immobilized non-covalently on suitable plastic microcontainers which are then treated with proper protein solutions in order to remove the presence of any possible non-specific interaction sites, and then they are washed employing suitable solutions.
  • Big Endothelin [1-38] or [16-29] labelled with suitable reactants, can then be added to each microcontainer, the whole being then kept under incubation in order to cause the interaction to occur.
  • the container can then be washed in order to remove the excess Big Endothelin [1-38] or [16-291 that has not reacted, and then they are examined to determine the amount of Big ET or of its derivative [16-29] that has reacted.
  • the technical literature largely disclosed both the labelling methods, which can be realized through the introduction of radioisotopes, enzymes, fluorescent or chromophore compounds, or biotin, and the methods for the determination of such labelled compounds, and all said methods are well known to those who are skilled in the art.
  • the strength of the non-specific interaction can be determined by incubating Big Endothelin [1-38], labelled in the presence of unlabelled excess Big ET, and analyzing the data obtained according to Scatchard's procedure.
  • the specificity of interaction between the peptides which are the object of this invention can be determined through incubation within microcontainers derivatized with 8 ⁇ ET [16-29] with different peptides and proteins labelled in the presence or in the absence of unlabelled material.
  • the usefulness of this invention is also evident, as illustrated in the examples 5, 7 and 8, in the case when the micromolecule of interest to be purified or to be analyzed contains more than just one site with the same sequence idropathically complementary to the immobilized multimeric ligand.
  • the polyvalence of the multimeric ligand is characterized by an increase in the binding affinity for the molecule of interest.
  • a general situation in the application of the present procedure can occur in the case of proteins made up of different sub-units which are all equal as regards the amino acid sequence and the structure.
  • a peptide which is hydropathically complementary to an exposed site of such proteins can be synthesized according to the process which is the object of this invention in the octameric form, immobilized on a solid phase, and employed for purifying or for determining quantitatively the oligomeric protein of interest.
  • the presence of a number of binding sites increases indeed the affinity exponentially, as in the case of bivalent antibodies which is largely disclosed in the literature.
  • the observed increase of the binding affinity of the complementary multimeric peptides is applied clearly not only to the field of purifications carried out through the affinity chromatographic method or to the field of realization of analytical procedures.
  • the sequence of the peptide hydropathically complementary to the sequence 16-29 of the human Big Endothelin [1-38] has been obtained on the basis of the method AMINOMAT previously disclosed by the same authors (Italian Patent Application No. 20755 A/90) and called ⁇ ET [16-29] (RKFLAGLRARRLKF).
  • the peptide ⁇ ET [16-29] has been then synthesized by means of a solid-phase synthesis, employing a Fmoc methodology and exploiting standard coupling procedures of the single amino acid through the formation of active esters with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/hydroxybenzotriazole [DCC/HOBt].
  • the peptides ⁇ ET [16-29] and 8 ⁇ ET [16-29] have immobilized on a support previously activated through the introduction of epoxide groups (EUPERGIT C30 N), employing the same peptide/support ratio.
  • the peptides 8 ⁇ ET [16-29] (2 mg) and ⁇ ET [16-29] (2 mg) have been dissolved separately in 10 ml of 0.1 M NaH 2 CO 3 , 0.5 M NaCl, pH 8.5, and added separately to two aliquots of 1 g of EUPERGIT C30 N. The mixtures have been incubated for 24 hours under stirring at room temperature.
  • the two derivatized peptide supports were employed for filling two glass columns for affinity chromatography (80 x 6.6 mm I.D., total volume 2.3 ml) that were equilibrated with 0.1 M TRIS* HCL, at pH 6.8 and with a flowrate of 1 ml/min.
  • the eluent was continuously monitored by means of optical absorption determinations at 280 nm wavelength.
  • 500 microlitres of ET [16-29] dissolved at a concentration of 1 mg/ml in the elution buffer were injected.
  • NUNC 96-well polystyrene plates
  • 8 ⁇ ET [16-29] solutions in a 0.1 M sodium carbonate buffer at pH 9.6, at various concentrations (2.0, 0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.0 microg/ml) for one night at 4°C.
  • the plates were then washed three times with a 0.15 M sodium chloride, 0.5 M sodium phosphate solution at pH 7.3 (PBS) through repeated filling and emptying operations.
  • PBS pH 7.5
  • each well was filled with 200 microl of a bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution containing 3 % PBS, and then incubated for 2 hours at room temperature.
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • the binding as expected, turned out to be dependent on both the Biotin-ET [1-32[ and the 8 ⁇ ET [16-29] concentrations. More particularly, the employment of 8 ⁇ ET [16-29] at the concentration of 0.5 mg/ml in the step of sensitization of the plates and Biotin-ET [1-32] at the concentration of 0.2 microg/ml seems to be sufficient to generate a measurable signal for developing a competitive test with ET [1-32].
  • the peptide ET [16-29] undergoes an elution delay equal to 3 ml ( Figure 6A) whereas the peptide 8ET [16-29] is not eluted even after 100 minutes, and it is necessary to change the eluent to 0.1 M HAc for the complete elution of the same ( Figure 6B).
  • the dissociation constant of the peptide ET [16-29] thus turns out to be at least 50 times as high with respect to that obtained with the peptide 8 ⁇ ET [16-29]. This means that the polyvalence in the interaction between 8 ⁇ ET [16-29] and 8ET [16-29] increases the association extent by about 2 orders of magnitude.
  • the sequence of the peptide hydropathically complementary to the sequence 144-157 of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFalpha) has been obtained on the basis of the AMINOMAT procedure which has been disclosed previously (Italian Patent Applications No. 21396 A/89 and No. 20755 A/90) and called ⁇ TNF [144-157] [DYLAGFKAHGKKYR]
  • the peptide 8 ⁇ TNF [144-157] was then synthesized by solid-phase synthesis with Fmoc methodology starting from an octadentate polylysine nucleus provided with glycine and arginine spacers as illustrated in Figure 7A.
  • the derivatized peptide support was then employed for filling a glass column for affinity chromatography (80 x 6.6 mm I.D., total volume 2.3 ml), which was then equilibrated with 0.1 M TRIS HCl at pH 6.8 at a flowrate of 2.0 ml/min.
  • TRIS HCl 0.1 M
  • injections were made of 100 microl of TNF alpha at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml dissolved in the elution buffer. After about 10 minutes the buffer was changed to 0.1 M acetic acid in order to allow the elution of the adsorbed material to occur (Figure 8A).
  • the material eluted with acetic acid was then analyzed by RP-HPLC to confirm the occurrence of the recognition between TNF alpha and 8 ⁇ TNF [144-157] (Fig. 8B).
  • the plates were washed with PBS and filled with TNF/TNF-Biotin mixtures at various delutions in 1 % w/v PBS-BSA, containing 0.05 % v/v Tween 20, 10 KIU/ml Aprotinine, PMSF 10 microM, EDTA 10 microM, (PBS-TAPE) in the presence and in the absence of 1 % normal goat serum.
  • the plates were then incubated again for 1 hour at room temperature and then washed with PBS.
  • Each well was then filled with 100 microl of a streptavidin-peroxidase solution (Sigma) diluted 1/2,000 with PBS-TAPE and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature.
  • the peptide pro-endothelin 1-38 was obtained from commercial sources (Novabiochem, CH). Solutions of such peptide and of the peptide ET 16-32 at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml were prepared in 50 mM TRIS at pH 6.8, to which the addition was carried out of alpha-chymotrypsin aliquots, so obtaining an enzyme/substrate ratio of 1/1,000.
  • the proteolysis reaction was followed in time by sampling after different incubation times at 20°C, aliquots of 50 microl for chromatographic analysis by means of RP-HPLC, employing a reverse -phase column ABI RP-300 30 x 2.1 mm I.D., equilibrated with H 2 O/CH 3 CN/TFA 97/3/C.1 at a flowrate of 0.5 ml/min, and employing a linear elution gradient of the type: Time CH 3 CN 0 3 5 3 25 35 30 80 35 80 37 3 and monitoring the eluent by 225 nm wavelength.
  • the degradation kinetics data of the two peptides ET (16-32) and pro-ET (1-38) are shown in Figure 10.

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EP96114931A 1990-10-15 1991-10-14 Verfahren zur Feststellung von proteolitischen Wirkungen und/oder deren Inhibitoren Expired - Lifetime EP0751225B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT48365A IT1242076B (it) 1990-10-15 1990-10-15 Peptidi idropaticamente complementari a sequenze aminoacidiche note covalentemente legati in maniera non lineare e procedimento per la loro sintesi
IT4836590 1990-10-15
ITRM910261 1991-04-15
ITRM910261A IT1244512B (it) 1991-04-15 1991-04-15 Procedimento per l'identificazione di attivita' proteolitiche o di attivita' inibitrici di attivita' proteolitiche
EP91830428A EP0481930B1 (de) 1990-10-15 1991-10-14 Nicht-lineare Peptide, die hydropatisch komplementär zu bekannten Aminosäuresequenzen sind, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verwendung davon

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EP91830428A Division EP0481930B1 (de) 1990-10-15 1991-10-14 Nicht-lineare Peptide, die hydropatisch komplementär zu bekannten Aminosäuresequenzen sind, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verwendung davon

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EP91830428A Expired - Lifetime EP0481930B1 (de) 1990-10-15 1991-10-14 Nicht-lineare Peptide, die hydropatisch komplementär zu bekannten Aminosäuresequenzen sind, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verwendung davon

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7101967B2 (en) 1998-11-13 2006-09-05 Cyclacel Limited Transport vectors
US20120270811A1 (en) * 2011-04-21 2012-10-25 Kaohsiung Medical University Conformations of divergent peptides with mineral binding affinity

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5674977A (en) * 1993-02-05 1997-10-07 The Ontario Cancer Institute Branched synthetic peptide conjugate
DE69604454T2 (de) 1995-06-21 2000-03-02 Tecnogen Scpa Peptidliganden für die konstante Region von Immunoglobulinen
DE19653445C1 (de) * 1996-03-26 1997-12-11 Razvan T Dr Med Radulescu Peptide mit antineoplastischen Eigenschaften
GB9814527D0 (en) 1998-07-03 1998-09-02 Cyclacel Ltd Delivery system
GB9929464D0 (en) * 1999-12-13 2000-02-09 Proteom Ltd Complementary peptide ligande generated from the human genome
GB9929469D0 (en) * 1999-12-13 2000-02-09 Proteom Ltd Complementary peptide ligands generated from plant genomes
GB9929466D0 (en) * 1999-12-13 2000-02-09 Proteom Ltd Complementary peptide ligands generated from microbial genome sequences

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WO1990000252A1 (en) * 1988-06-27 1990-01-11 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Method for specific binding assays
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EP0080279A1 (de) * 1981-11-02 1983-06-01 James Walter Ryan Verfahren zur Untersuchung von Protease mit markierten proteinartigen Hemmstoffen
EP0168738A2 (de) * 1984-07-20 1986-01-22 Miles Inc. Einstufiger Test für Proteasehemstoffe
EP0255341A2 (de) * 1986-07-29 1988-02-03 Sunstar Kabushiki Kaisha Reagens zur Prüfung von periodentalen Erkrankungen
EP0318318A1 (de) * 1987-11-27 1989-05-31 Sensititre Limited Urintestverfahren und Testsatz
EP0325472A2 (de) * 1988-01-20 1989-07-26 Sunstar Kabushiki Kaisha Zusammensetzung zur Erkennung von paradontalen Krankheiten
WO1990000252A1 (en) * 1988-06-27 1990-01-11 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Method for specific binding assays
EP0411503A1 (de) * 1989-07-31 1991-02-06 TECNOGEN Società Consortile per azioni Verfahren zur Identifizierung und Herstellung von Bindungsstellen aufeinanderwirkender Proteine
EP0428000A1 (de) * 1989-11-03 1991-05-22 Abbott Laboratories Fluorogene Substrate zum Nachweis von proteolytischer Enzymaktivität

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J P TAM: "Synthetic peptide vaccine design: synthesis and properties of a high-density multiple antigenic peptide system", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF USA, vol. 85, no. 15, August 1988 (1988-08-01), WASHINGTON US, pages 5409 - 5413, XP002016804 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7101967B2 (en) 1998-11-13 2006-09-05 Cyclacel Limited Transport vectors
US7153931B1 (en) 1998-11-13 2006-12-26 Cyclacel Limited Transport vectors
US20120270811A1 (en) * 2011-04-21 2012-10-25 Kaohsiung Medical University Conformations of divergent peptides with mineral binding affinity
US8889828B2 (en) * 2011-04-21 2014-11-18 Kaohsiung Medical University Conformations of divergent peptides with mineral binding affinity
US9314533B2 (en) 2011-04-21 2016-04-19 Kaohsiung Medical University Conformations of divergent peptides with mineral binding affinity
US9415114B2 (en) 2011-04-21 2016-08-16 Kaohsiung Medical University Conformations of divergent peptides with mineral binding affinity

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ATE154609T1 (de) 1997-07-15
DE69126592D1 (de) 1997-07-24
EP0481930B1 (de) 1997-06-18
EP0751225B1 (de) 2001-03-28
DE69132567D1 (de) 2001-05-03
EP0481930A2 (de) 1992-04-22
EP0481930A3 (en) 1993-06-30
ATE200107T1 (de) 2001-04-15
DE69126592T2 (de) 1998-01-08

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