EP0750449B1 - Plasmabrennerkopf und diesen enthaltender Plasmabrenner - Google Patents

Plasmabrennerkopf und diesen enthaltender Plasmabrenner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0750449B1
EP0750449B1 EP96401365A EP96401365A EP0750449B1 EP 0750449 B1 EP0750449 B1 EP 0750449B1 EP 96401365 A EP96401365 A EP 96401365A EP 96401365 A EP96401365 A EP 96401365A EP 0750449 B1 EP0750449 B1 EP 0750449B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plasma
gas
plasma torch
torch head
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96401365A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0750449A1 (de
Inventor
Michel Delzenne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lincoln Electric Co France SA
Original Assignee
La Soudure Autogene Francaise
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0750449A1 publication Critical patent/EP0750449A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3442—Cathodes with inserted tip
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3484—Convergent-divergent nozzles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a head plasma torch, of the type comprising an electrode axial, associated with a peripheral nozzle in the form of cup, the bottom of which has an axial duct plasma jet ejection and whose side wall surrounds the electrode and delimits with it a space supply gas supply substantially annular.
  • the invention further relates to a torch with plasma.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a plasma torch head for obtaining good quality cutting profiles with angles of roughly equal strips on either side of the bleeding, and not systematically requiring a mechanical recovery of the cut pieces for their subsequent use.
  • the invention relates to a head plasma torch, of the aforementioned type, comprising a internal surface of flat bottom, the end face of the electrode being flat and delimiting with the surface internal an annular rolling interval of the flow of plasma gas.
  • the invention also relates to a torch with plasma comprising a torch head, in particular interchangeable as a whole, as defined previously.
  • the plasma torch head shown in the FIG. 1, intended for cutting metal parts, is non-removable but interchangeable and has a shape general revolution of axis X-X. It mounts on a suitable plasma torch body, for example by snap-fastening in this body.
  • This head basically has an electrode 10 of axis X-X and a nozzle device 12 in the form of a cup, both adapted to be associated with generators of electrical potentials appropriate and integral with a insulating cover 14 rigidly connecting the electrode and the nozzle, and forming a plasma gas diffuser.
  • the electrode 10 is made of a suitable metal and has a general form of revolution. It involves a flat end face 16 extending perpendicular to the X-X axis of the electrode, at a slightly reduced diameter end thereof.
  • a cylindrical emissive insert 18 in hafnium is arranged axially at the end of the electrode 10 and is flush with the center of face 16.
  • the nozzle 12 has a cup shape with an X-X axis. It has a flat bottom 20 provided with an axial duct 22 for ejecting the plasma jet.
  • the bottom 20 is extended by a side wall 24 surrounding the electrode 10 and defining therewith a space 26 for feeding the substantially annular plasma gas.
  • the bottom 20 and the side wall 24 delimit a bowl inside which is received the end of the electrode 10.
  • the bottom of the bowl is formed by a flat surface 28 disposed opposite the flat face 16. They together delimit an annular interval 29 of rolling of the plasma gas flow. This interval has a calibrated height denoted e .
  • the surface 28 is connected at its periphery to the side wall 24 by successive conical or toroidal wall sections 30.
  • the inner cylindrical surface 32 of the side wall 24 and the cylindrical side wall of the electrode 10 delimit transversely to the annular supply space 26 a ring section of gas passage, whose area is denoted S ch .
  • the cover 14 has the general shape of an inverted cup, the bottom 34 of which is opposite the bottom of the nozzle 12. This bottom 34 is provided with a passage for the electrode 10.
  • the side wall 36 of the cover 14 is fixed to the side wall 24 of the nozzle in the extension thereof.
  • the side wall 36 also includes circular slots 38 along the entire circumference, adapted to allow passage through the annular space 26 of the plasma gas from a pressurized source 37.
  • the slots 38 are arranged perpendicular to the axis XX of the electrode and are regularly distributed around the periphery of the side wall. They allow the flow of plasma gas in the annular space 26 in a substantially axial direction and with a substantially homogeneous speed distribution over the entire section S ch .
  • the dimensioning is such that the 'area, denoted S e , of the cylindrical section of gas passage in the annular rolling interval 29, measured at the inlet of the plasma ejection conduit 22, is less than one third of the area S ch of the crown section.
  • the height e is chosen so that the same area S e is greater than 1 / 90th of the area S ch .
  • the area S ch is between 1.5 times and 3 times l total area of the gas passage section in the supply ports 38.
  • the flow plasma gas is carried out parallel to the axis X-X in the annular space 26, and makes it possible to give birth of converging forces along the X-X axis immediately ahead of the emissive insert 18 after rolling in the annular gap 29. These forces converge maintain the root of the electric arc in a quasi-stationary state.
  • the stabilization of the arc is reinforced by the dynamic pressure of the flow of plasma flowing at the inlet of the ejection duct 22.
  • the ejection duct 22 has three successive coaxial sections.
  • An inlet section 40 provided at the inlet of the ejection duct 22, has a gradually decreasing diameter in the direction of circulation of the plasma jet. This section 40 is extended by an intermediate section 42 of diameter constant suitable for bringing the plasma flow to a laminar regime.
  • FIG. 2 is shown larger scale the first part of the injection pipe 22.
  • the inlet section 40 is delimited by a toroidal surface connected to the flat surface 28 by a sharp edge noted 40A. Furthermore, this toroidal surface tangentially connected at 40B to the intermediate section 42.
  • the duct 22 has at its outlet a section 44 progressively increasing in section according to the direction circulation of the plasma jet.
  • This exit stretch flared has the profile of a Laval nozzle in order to bring gradually the plasma jet under pressure atmospheric while accelerating it to carry its speed at a supersonic speed.
  • the Laval nozzle profile allows at the outlet of the ejection duct to get current lines parallel gases and velocities substantially identical at every point in the cross section of the jet.
  • machining can be done from a approaching profile using for example cylinders, arcs and truncated cones connected to each other.
  • Such an ejection duct 22 avoids the deposition of particles extracted from the electrode in the inlet section 40. Furthermore, the intermediate section 42 laminating the plasma jet allows stabilize it by establishing a plan laminar.
  • a plasma torch head as described previously allows to maintain quasi-stationary the electric arc between the emissive insert 18 and the part to cut.
  • it is simple to perform and does not requires no complex means of stabilizing the electric arc.
  • no vortex being created on the path of the plasma gas or plasma the cut obtained has characteristics dimensions extremely close to those obtained by laser cutting.
  • the comparative results of cutting a 5 mm thick E24 structural steel sheet with a conventional plasma torch head and with a torch head are grouped in the table below.
  • plasma according to the invention both using oxygen as the plasma gas.
  • Classic head Head according to the invention Clearance angle 1 to 15 ° 0 ° 10 'to 0 ° 30 " Roughness R a ⁇ 50 ⁇ m R a ⁇ 2 ⁇ m Burr height ⁇ 0.03 mm ⁇ 0.03 mm
  • the experiment was conducted with an intensity of 45 amp cut, relative supply pressure 5.2 bars and a cutting speed of 0.82 m / min.
  • the plasma torch head described previously may include distribution of additional peripheral fluids cooling or protecting the central jet of plasma from the influence of ambient air, or modification of the chemical composition of this jet. She may also include traffic conduits a coolant in the electrode and / or in the nozzle.
  • the plasma torch head according to the invention can be formed from a single prefabricated module and be mounted by any appropriate means on a suitable torch body. The torch head is then removable and interchangeable as a whole.
  • the head can be integrated into a torch.
  • the various organs constituting the torch reproduce the dimensional characteristics of the head described above.
  • the cover 14 is integrated into the torch body and the electrode 10 and the nozzle 12 are screwed or fit on connectors of the torch body.
  • the electrode 10 mounted axially movable, is brought into contact with the nozzle 12 in order to create an electric arc between them. The electrode is then automatically retracted and kept apart from the nozzle by the predetermined height e .
  • the torch head according to the invention can be dimensioned according to inequality (1) to function with any type of plasma gas, oxygen or air for example.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Plasmabrennerspitze der Art mit einer axialen Elektrode (10) in Verbindung mit einer peripheren Düse (12) in Form eines Tiegels, dessen Boden (20) eine axiale Bohrung (22) zum Ausstoß des Plasmastrahls enthält und dessen Seitenwand (24) die Elektrode (10) umgibt und mit dieser einen im wesentlichen ringförmigen Zufuhrraum (26) für plasmagenes Gas begrenzt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Innenfläche (28) des Bodens (20) eben ist und daß die Endfläche (16) der Elektrode (10) eben ist und mit der Innenfläche (28) einen ringförmigen Zwischenraum (29), um die Strömung des plasmagenen Gases laminar zu machen, begrenzt.
  2. Plasmabrennerspitze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fläche (Se) des zylindrischen Gasdurchgangsabschnitts in dem ringförmigen Laminarzwischenraum (29), gemessen am Eingang der axialen Ausstoßbohrung (22), kleiner ist als ein Drittel der Fläche (Sch) des oberen Gasdurchgangsabschnitts in dem die Elektrode (10) umgebenden Ringraum (26).
  3. Plasmabrennerspitze nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fläche (Se) des zylindrischen Gasdurchgangsabschnitts in dem ringförmigen Laminarzwischenraum (29), gemessen am Eingang der axialen Ausstoßbohrung (22), größer ist als 1/90 der Fläche (Sch) des oberen Gasdurchgangsabschnitts in dem die Elektrode (10) umgebenden Ringraum (26).
  4. Plasmabrennerspitze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagten Strömungsmittel Zufuhrschlitze (38) für plasmagenes Gas enthalten, die radial in den Ringraum (26) münden.
  5. Plasmabrennerspitze nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fläche (Sch) des oberen Gasdurchgangsabschnitts in dem die Elektrode (10) umgebenden Ringraum (26) größer ist als 1,5-mal die Gesamtfläche des Gasdurchgangsabschnitts in den Zufuhrschlitzen (38).
  6. Plasmabrennerspitze nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fläche (Sch) des oberen Gasdurchgangsabschnitts in dem die Elektrode (10) umgebenden Ringraum kleiner ist als 3-mal die Gesamtfläche des Gasdurchgangsabschnitts in den Zufuhrschlitzen (38).
  7. Plasmabrennerspitze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe e des ringförmigen Laminarzwischenraums (29) in Zentimetern im wesentlichen die Ungleichung 15500 Gν 1I ≤ e ≤ 13000 Gν 11 bestätigt, wobei
    G die Durchflußmenge des plasmagenen Gases an der Spitze in cm3.s-1,
    ν die kinematische Viskosität des plasmagenen Gases in cm2.s-1 und
    I die Kurzschlußstromstärke in Ampere bedeutet.
  8. Plasmabrennerspitze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in der Düse (12) gemachte axiale Bohrung (22) zum Ausstoß des Plasmastrahls einen zylindrischen Teilabschnitt (42) mit konstantem Durchmesser für den Plasmazulauf unter laminaren Bedingungen enthält.
  9. Plasmabrennerspitze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in der Düse (12) gemachte axiale Bohrung (22) zum Ausstoß des Plasmastrahls an ihrem Eingang einen Teilabschnitt (40) mit fortschreitend abnehmendem Durchmesser in Richtung des Kreislaufs des Plasmastrahls enthält.
  10. Plasmabrennerspitze nach Anspruch 8 und 9 zusammengenommen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eingangsteilabschnitt (40) von einer toroiden, den Laminierabschnitt (42) tangential berührenden Fläche begrenzt ist.
  11. Plasmabrennerspitze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in der Düse (12) gemachte axiale Bohrung (22) zum Ausstoß des Plasmastrahls am Ausgang einen Teilabschnitt (44) mit fortschreitend zunehmendem Querschnitt in Richtung des Kreislaufs des Plasmastrahls, insbesondere in Form einer Lavaldüse, enthält.
  12. Plasmabrenner mit einer insbesondere als Ganzes auswechselbaren Spitze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.
EP96401365A 1995-06-23 1996-06-20 Plasmabrennerkopf und diesen enthaltender Plasmabrenner Expired - Lifetime EP0750449B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9507608 1995-06-23
FR9507608A FR2735710B1 (fr) 1995-06-23 1995-06-23 Tete de torche a plasma et torche a plasma la comportant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0750449A1 EP0750449A1 (de) 1996-12-27
EP0750449B1 true EP0750449B1 (de) 1999-08-04

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EP96401365A Expired - Lifetime EP0750449B1 (de) 1995-06-23 1996-06-20 Plasmabrennerkopf und diesen enthaltender Plasmabrenner

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US (1) US5736708A (de)
EP (1) EP0750449B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69603550T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2735710B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6191380B1 (en) 1999-06-16 2001-02-20 Hughen Gerrard Thomas Plasma arc torch head
US6774336B2 (en) 2001-02-27 2004-08-10 Thermal Dynamics Corporation Tip gas distributor
ITRM20010291A1 (it) * 2001-05-29 2002-11-29 Ct Sviluppo Materiali Spa Torcia al plasma
DE10144516B4 (de) * 2001-09-10 2004-03-25 Kjellberg Finsterwalde Elektroden Und Maschinen Gmbh Plasmabrenner
US7112759B1 (en) * 2005-06-07 2006-09-26 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma torch with interchangeable electrode systems
US20070045241A1 (en) * 2005-08-29 2007-03-01 Schneider Joseph C Contact start plasma torch and method of operation
FR2943209B1 (fr) * 2009-03-12 2013-03-08 Saint Gobain Ct Recherches Torche a plasma avec injecteur lateral
EP2689641B1 (de) 2011-03-25 2017-05-03 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Plasmabrennersysteme mit verbesserten plasmadüsen
US10129970B2 (en) 2014-07-30 2018-11-13 American Torch Tip, Co. Smooth radius nozzle for use in a plasma cutting device
DE102018100917A1 (de) * 2017-09-22 2019-03-28 Kjellberg-Stiftung Düse für einen Plasmabrennerkopf, Laserschneidkopf und Plasma-Laser-Schneidkopf, Anordnungen, Plasmabrennerkopf und Plasmabrenner mit selbiger/selbigen, Laserschneidkopf mit selbiger/selbigen und Plasma-Laser-Schneidkopf mit selbiger/selbigen

Family Cites Families (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT312121B (de) * 1972-10-09 1973-12-27 Boris Grigorievich Sokolov Elektronenstrahlanlage zur Warmbehandlung von Objekten durch Elektronenbeschuß
GB1442075A (en) * 1974-05-28 1976-07-07 V N I Pk I T Chesky I Elektros Electrodes for arc and plasma-arc working method and apparatus for coating glassware
US4688722A (en) * 1984-09-04 1987-08-25 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Nozzle assembly for plasma spray gun
FR2574614B1 (fr) * 1984-12-07 1987-01-30 Soudure Autogene Francaise Procede et dispositif de formation d'un arc plasma
US4769524A (en) * 1987-10-23 1988-09-06 Hardwick Steven F Plasma electrode
US4977305A (en) * 1989-04-03 1990-12-11 L-Tec Company System for low voltage plasma arc cutting
US4954683A (en) * 1989-05-26 1990-09-04 Thermal Dynamics Corporation Plasma arc gouger
FR2650470B1 (de) * 1989-07-28 1992-09-04 Soudure Autogene Francaise
DE4122756A1 (de) * 1991-07-10 1993-02-11 Erno Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh Triebwerk fuer raumflugkoerper
US5124525A (en) * 1991-08-27 1992-06-23 Esab Welding Products, Inc. Plasma arc torch having improved nozzle assembly
US5440094A (en) * 1994-04-07 1995-08-08 Douglas G. Carroll Plasma arc torch with removable anode ring

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2735710A1 (fr) 1996-12-27
DE69603550D1 (de) 1999-09-09
FR2735710B1 (fr) 1997-07-25
EP0750449A1 (de) 1996-12-27
DE69603550T2 (de) 2000-09-14
US5736708A (en) 1998-04-07

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