EP0750161B1 - Méthode et dispositif pour la manufacture et la combustion d'un produit composé combustible - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif pour la manufacture et la combustion d'un produit composé combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0750161B1
EP0750161B1 EP96109716A EP96109716A EP0750161B1 EP 0750161 B1 EP0750161 B1 EP 0750161B1 EP 96109716 A EP96109716 A EP 96109716A EP 96109716 A EP96109716 A EP 96109716A EP 0750161 B1 EP0750161 B1 EP 0750161B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
zone
plant
combustible
infeed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96109716A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0750161A1 (fr
Inventor
Ole Kristensen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ansaldo Volund AS
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Ansaldo Volund AS
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Publication date
Application filed by Ansaldo Volund AS filed Critical Ansaldo Volund AS
Publication of EP0750161A1 publication Critical patent/EP0750161A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/302—Treating pyrosolids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
    • F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/18—Waste feed arrangements using airlock systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and plant of the kind set forth in claims 1 and 6 respectively.
  • combustible organic material such as e.g. bio-mass comprising i.a. straw, hay, grass and wood
  • combustion systems such as e.g. plants with combustion grates, fluid-bed plants or plants with cyclone combustion.
  • individually adapted systems like powder-fired plants or systems for the combustion of whole bales of straw are used.
  • plants with combustion grates are limited by the fact that in high-capacity plants, it is difficult to adapt the size of the grates to the requisite boiler equipment, also because it is difficult to control an even layer of fuel and a good distribution of air, this being a necessary prerequisite for achieving good combustion. For this reason, plants comprising combustion grates are normally limited to a maximum fuel input corresponding to approximately 200 MW.
  • Fluid-bed plants can be used for types of fuel having a low reactivity, i.e. slow-burning fuels, and also for greater inputs of fuel, but with types of fuel with a high reactivity, i.e. fast-burning fuels like e.g. straw and other annual crops, it is necessary to use a supplementary fuel like e.g. coal for stabilizing the process of combustion.
  • a supplementary fuel like e.g. coal for stabilizing the process of combustion.
  • Plants with cyclone combustion are used in those cases, in which a high turnover rate is desired in combination with small physical dimensions.
  • the disadvantage with these plants is that cyclone combustion produces high combustion temperatures, and for the majority of organic material types this means that the slag is produced in liquid form. This causes the fertilizer value of the slag to be "encapsulated", for which reason it can no longer be utilized. This means that the slag product will have to be deposited, this being undesired, partly because of the increased costs, partly because the fertilizer value is lost as just mentioned.
  • Powder combustion is especially known from its use in large coal-fired power-station boilers, as coal can be ground into powder with few problems beyond those caused by the formation of dust.
  • the use of organic materials as fuels is problematic, since the comminution of bio-mass crops is difficult and requires great amounts of energy, because these crops contain tough material or material comprising long fibres.
  • the water content in this type of crops is usually high, for which reason it is necessary to subject the material to a drying process before comminuting it.
  • Combustion plants for burning whole bales of straw are known in a number of types, in some plants, whole bales of straw are burned "in one go", whilst in other plants, the bale of straw burns from one end and is gradually pushed forward during the combustion process.
  • problems can arise with regard to maintaining the continuous and uniform combustion process, because it is difficult to provide bales of straw that are uniform and homogeneous with regard to the calorific value.
  • combustion plants referred to above it is a common feature for the combustion plants referred to above that they all use air for combustion that is cold or preheated to a maximum of 350°C. In the mechanical plants, this is due to the necessity of cooling the structural parts of the plants, while in the fluid-bed plants it is primarily a question of maintaining the combustion temperature sufficiently low to avoid sand and ash with low melting points coalescing or fusing.
  • the invention also relates to a plant for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • This plant is of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 6, and according to the invention, it also exhibits the features set forth in the characterizing clause of this claim 6.
  • the plant for conversion and combustion of the combustible organic material comprises various zones placed immediately in sequence in the direction of advancement of the material, and the plant comprises mainly an infeed zone I, a reaction zone II and a combustion zone III.
  • the combustion device may e.g. be connected to a conventional boiler plant so as to replace or supplement the conventional furnace equipment.
  • the infeed zone I comprises an infeed system 1 adapted to convey the combustible organic material continuously to the reaction zone II.
  • the infeed system as such may e.g. consist of one or a number of worms or hydraulic systems with reciprocating pistons.
  • the infeed system as such may e.g. consist of one or a number of worms or hydraulic systems with reciprocating pistons.
  • the material is advanced by the infeed system 1 via an infeed channel 2 that may have various cross-sectional shapes.
  • An adjustable obstruction 3 is placed in the infeed channel 2 so as to make it possible to achieve a suitable compacting and partial retaining of the material having been introduced, thus making it possible to establish and maintain a counter-pressure making the material sufficiently impervious to prevent gas and product of combustion from penetrating back into the infeed system 1.
  • the reaction zone II may be constructed with a reaction chamber 4 consisting of an inner part with through openings 8, preferably in the form of small air nozzles, i.e. having a small cross-sectional area.
  • the through openings 8 are connected to supply ducts 7, e.g. via an air-distribution jacket 9, and accordingly, the gaseous reaction medium enters the reaction chamber 4 via the supply duct 7, the air-distribution jacket 9 and the through openings 8.
  • the supply of reaction medium may be achieved by using commonly known air supply devices, for which reason these devices will not be described here.
  • the reaction chamber 4 consists of an outer part, e.g. comprising an insulating layer 6.
  • the reaction chamber 4 may have any imaginable cross-sectional shape, such as square or oval, but it is preferred that the reaction chamber 4 is a substantially cylindrical device with a length/diameter ratio of at least 1, preferably at least 3-4, to provide sufficient space for an optimum number of through openings 8 for the gaseous reaction mediums.
  • the gaseous reaction medium being used may e.g. comprise atmospheric air, oxygen, flue gases as well as mixtures thereof, and that the medium must be preheated to a temperature of more than 500°C, preferably between 650 and 900°C. And at the same time - in order to provide a composite product with maximum reactivity - the gaseous reaction medium contains oxygen in a proportion corresponding to a maximum of 25% of the stoichiometric quantity used in connection with a complete combustion, preferably in a proportion of between 15 and 25%.
  • the gaseous reaction medium is supplied to the inside of the reaction chamber through the highest possible number of openings.
  • the gaseous reaction medium is supplied to the inside of the reaction chamber through the highest possible number of openings.
  • the converted combustible composite product contains approximately 50% gas and tar as well as approximately 50% powder-like charcoal when leaving the reaction zone II and entering the combustion zone III.
  • the conversion per se is achieved without the use of mechanical means.
  • the internal temperature of the product lies above the ignition temperature of the product, but it is sufficiently low to avoid the formation of molten slag, and the combustible composite product being formed enters the combustion zone, in which the air for combustion is supplied in a controlled manner in order to avoid high combustion temperatures and to prevent or minimize the formation of nitrogen oxides (NO x ).
  • the combustion zone III comprises an air processor 5 through which the necessary air for combustion may be supplied.
  • the air processor 5 must be of a type that is able to supply the air for combustion in steps, so as to prevent or minimize the formation of nitrogen oxides.
  • combustion zone III it constitutes a final part of the reaction zone II, but it might just as well be an independent unit downstream of the reaction zone II.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé de fabrication et de combustion d'un produit combustible obtenu par transformation à partir d'un matériau combustible organique dans une installation comprenant une zone d'introduction (I), une zone de réaction (II) et une zone de combustion (III), ladite installation étant susceptible d'être reliée par exemple à une installation de chaudière conventionnelle, dans lequel
    a) le matériau organique combustible est transporté en continu à travers la zone d'introduction (I) et introduit dans la zone de réaction (II), dans laquelle, dans une chambre de réaction (4) adaptée à ce but, il est transformé, en utilisant un milieu réactionnel gazeux qui est fourni en quantité, vitesse et température contrôlées, en un produit composite combustible comprenant du gaz de pyrolyse, du goudron et du charbon pulvérulent et ayant une température interne supérieure à la température d'ignition du produit, sans formation de scories fondues,
    b) le produit combustible formé est introduit dans la zone de combustion (III), dans laquelle l'air pour la combustion est fourni d'une manière qui évite des températures de combustion élevées afin de prévenir ou de réduire à un minimum la formation d'oxydes d'azote,
    c) le milieu réactionnel gazeux est fourni à la chambre de réaction (4) via un nombre important de trous traversants (8) dans une partie intérieure de la chambre de réaction pour obtenir une répartition aussi régulière que possible du milieu,
    d) le milieu réactionnel gazeux utilisé contient une petite quantité d'oxygène en une proportion correspondant à un maximum de 25 % de la proportion stoechiométrique utilisée en relation avec une combustion complète. et
    e) le milieu gazeux utilisé est préchauffé à une température élevée, de plus de 500°C.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le produit composite combustible contient environ 50% de gaz, en particulier du gaz de pyrolyse, et du goudron ainsi qu'environ 50 % de charbon pulvérulent, et en ce que la transformation a lieu sans utilisation de moyens mécaniques.
  3. Procède selon les revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que le milieu réactionnel gazeux utilisé peut comprendre par exemple de l'air atmosphérique, de l'oxygène, des gaz de fumée ainsi que leurs mélanges.
  4. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 3. caractérisé en ce que les milieux réactionnels gazeux utilisés contiennent de l'oxygène en une proportion correspondant à entre 15 et 25 % de la proportion stoechiométrique utilisée en relation avec une combustion complète.
  5. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le milieu réactionnel gazeux utilisé est préchauffé à une température entre 650°C et 900°C.
  6. Installation destinée à être utilisée dans la production et la combustion d'un produit composite combustible obtenu à partir d'un produit combustible organique dans un dispositif de combustion comprenant une zone d'introduction (I). une zone de réaction (II) et une zone de combustion (III), ladite installation étant susceptiblc d'être reliée par exemple à une installation de chaudière conventionnelle, et dans laquelle les diverses zones sont disposées en succession immédiate dans la direction de l'avancement du matériau, dans laquelle la zone d'introduction (I) comprend un système d'introduction (I) approprié pour transporter le matériau en continu vers la zone de réaction (II) via un canal d'introduction (2), caractérisée en ce que
    a) la zone de réaction (Il) comporte une chambre de réaction (4)comprenant une partie intérieure munie d'un nombre important de trous traversants (8), ces derniers étant reliés à des conduits d'alimentation (7) pour le milieu réactionnel gazeux, par exemple via une enveloppe de distribution d'air (9) pour obtenir une répartition du milieu de réaction aussi régulière que possible, et une partie intérieure contenant par exemple une couche d'isolation (6),
    b) la chambre de réaction (4) est un dispositif sensiblement cylindrique avec un rapport longueur/ diamètre d'au moins 1, de préférence d'au moins à à 4, de manière à loger un nombre optimal de trous traversants (8) pour le milieu réactionnel gazeux, et
    c) la zone de combustion (III) comprend un dispositif de traitement de l'air (5) à travers lequel est fourni l'air nécessaire pour la combustion, de manière à empêcher ou réduire à un minimum la formation d'oxydes d'azote
  7. Installation selon la revendication 6, caracterisé en ce que le disposif de traitement de l'air (5) est approprié pour fournir de l'air pour une combustion par paliers, de manière à empêcher ou réduire à un minimum la formation d'oxydes d'azote.
  8. Installation selon les revendications 6 à 7, caractérisé par une obstruction réglable (3) placée dans le canal d'introduction (2), et qui permet de rendre le matériau plus compact et de maintenir ainsi une contre-pression qui conduit à un matériau plus dense et empêche les gaz et les produits de combustion de pénétrer en retour dans le système d'introduction (1).
  9. Installation selon les revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la zone de combustion (III) constitue une partie d'extrémité de la zone de réaction (II).
EP96109716A 1995-06-21 1996-06-18 Méthode et dispositif pour la manufacture et la combustion d'un produit composé combustible Expired - Lifetime EP0750161B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK70895 1995-06-21
DK708/95 1995-06-21
DK070895A DK172334B1 (da) 1995-06-21 1995-06-21 Fremgangsmåde og aggregat til brug ved fremstilling og forbrænding af et brændbart blandingsprodukt

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0750161A1 EP0750161A1 (fr) 1996-12-27
EP0750161B1 true EP0750161B1 (fr) 1998-09-02

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EP96109716A Expired - Lifetime EP0750161B1 (fr) 1995-06-21 1996-06-18 Méthode et dispositif pour la manufacture et la combustion d'un produit composé combustible

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EP (1) EP0750161B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE170610T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69600585T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK172334B1 (fr)

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CN105757682B (zh) * 2016-05-07 2018-05-25 浙江大森亚环保有限公司 垃圾自动输送装置

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DE3005039A1 (de) * 1980-02-11 1981-08-20 Siegfried 2301 Osdorf Bieder Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von locker gelagerten feststoffen
AT383204B (de) * 1984-04-06 1987-06-10 Hargassner Anton Hackschnitzelfeuerung
CH673149A5 (fr) * 1987-10-23 1990-02-15 Kuepat Ag
US5279234A (en) * 1992-10-05 1994-01-18 Chiptec Wood Energy Systems Controlled clean-emission biomass gasification heating system/method

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Publication number Publication date
DK70895A (da) 1996-12-22
DE69600585D1 (de) 1998-10-08
DK172334B1 (da) 1998-03-23
ATE170610T1 (de) 1998-09-15
EP0750161A1 (fr) 1996-12-27
DE69600585T2 (de) 1999-02-11

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