EP0748889B1 - Method for manufacturing a spacer knitwear and a spacer knitwear thus obtained - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a spacer knitted fabric on a warp knitting machine, in particular on a right / right double-knitting machine, and according to the method of the invention spacer knitted fabric manufactured.

The production of spacer textiles on warp knitting machines, in particular Raschel machines, is well known. In general, it will spacer fabrics are understood to mean a textile fabric which consists of two flat, equidistant, patterned or unpatterned basic goods areas exists between which there are two basic goods Extend pile threads. Spacer fabrics of this type are already found to be varied Application.

It is also known to produce spacer fabrics in which one Basic product is worked continuously, while the other basic product in the form of a band and thus only of certain basic goods Areas worked opposite.

Furthermore, it is known from DE-OS 41 40 826 to produce spacer fabrics, where the deck surfaces (basic goods) during the process with different local distances from each other through a connecting thread system be connected to each other. In this way, z. B. structures with band-shaped sections of different thickness, so that among other things U or L-shaped cross sections can be realized. Be made could structures of this type according to DE-OS 41 40 826 on a warp knitting machine with a continuous and one of the later knitted structure appropriately contoured needle bar.

Such a machine arrangement is associated with considerable effort. This is already evident in the manufacture, which is more complex than that Production of a machine with two continuous needle bars. To the another is only a knitted spacer with a machine constructed in this way in the structure determined by the contour of the segmented needle bar producible. An intentional change in the cross-section of the spacer fabric is inevitably with a complex and expensive conversion Machine connected.

Finally, EP-A-0 617 152 describes a variable thickness spacer fabric. According to the summary, this can also be used on warp knitting machines and not only on Flat knitting machines are manufactured and consequently initially has one Structure with equidistant top surfaces. The variable thickness is only subsequently achieved with the help of physical or chemical processes.

The invention is therefore based on the object with spacer fabrics different local distance of the basic goods regardless of the Generate configuration of the knitting machine used for manufacturing.

This task is performed with the method according to the characteristic Part of claim 1 solved. Claims 2 to 14 contain advantageous embodiments of this method.

In addition, claims 15 and 16 disclose inventive features a goods processed according to the procedure.

The invention is to be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment are explained. The associated drawings show in Figs. 1.1 -12.2 different variants of the feasibility of the method according to the invention. In each case, part of the figure X.1 is a schematic representation of the Position of basic goods and pile thread segments in relation to the two Needle bar of the warp knitting machine used to carry out the process can be seen, the direction of view of the direction of extension of the goods corresponds, while the sub-figure X.2 is a representation of the processed goods from sub-figure X.1 after being deformed into a contoured spacer contains.

The method according to the invention includes the essential feature Producing a contoured, d. H. with zones with locally different Distance of the basic goods provided spacer knitwear on two equidistant, uncontoured needle bars, especially on a Raschel machine are studded with latch needles. The laying of Warp and pile threads and possibly also partial weft threads are used in a conventional manner Wise laying rails. These elements described so far are because of the sufficient awareness and clarity of presentation in the Drawings have not been included.

1.1 shows a relatively simple variant of a knitted spacer fabric that can be produced using the method according to the invention. It is divided into two different sections A and B. On the upper needle bar in the drawing (which is identified in the following by the leading index 1), a basic product G _{1 is} worked, the sections G _1A and G _{1B of} which are connected to one another (closed basic product) and which consequently extend over the two without interruption Sections A and B extends. However, in the two sections A and B, separate basic goods sections G _2A and G _2B (open basic goods) are produced on the lower needle bar in the drawing (hereinafter marked with the leading index 2).

A first embodiment variant of the method according to the invention now provides that in section A the basic goods sections G _1A and G _2A face each other directly, while in section B the basic goods section G _{2B is} laterally offset from the basic goods section G _1B . In a known manner, pile threads are laid between the basic goods sections with the aid of laying rails which oscillate back and forth between the needle bars and are integrated into the two basic goods. In section A, since the basic goods sections G _1A and G _1B are just opposite one another, the pile threads P _A and P _B extend approximately perpendicular to the basic goods sections. The length I _{A of} the pile thread segments P _A thus corresponds to the distance a of the needle bars. In the claims, such a section is also referred to as a "short pole section". In section B, on the other hand, the length I _{B of} the pile thread segments P _B exceeds the distance a of the needle bars by an amount which can easily be determined from the Pythagorean theorem. The greater the lateral offset of the basic goods sections G _1B and G _2B , the greater it is. Such a section also bears the designation "long-pole section" in the claims.

In a further embodiment, the method according to the invention provides for the fabric, which has been worked with equidistant basic fabric sections up to the phase described above, to be formed into a spacer knitted fabric in the actual sense, ie with a locally different spacing of the basic fabrics. In the present example, this takes place in that the congruence is established between the basic goods sections G _1B and G _2B and then the pile thread segments P _B likewise extend approximately perpendicularly between the basic goods sections G _1B and G _2B . This creates a profile height in section B that exceeds that in section A by the amount I _B - I _A. The resulting knitted spacer fabric has an L-shaped cross section.

The spacer knitted fabric in the example according to FIGS. 2.1 and 2.2 is divided into three sections A, B, and C analogously to the example described above. The basic goods sections G _1A , G _1B and G _1C are in turn connected to one another and form a closed basic product. The basic goods sections G _2A , G _2B and G _2C, on the other hand, form an open basic product. The characteristic difference, for example according to FIGS. 1.1 and 1.2, is now that the basic goods sections G _2A and G _{2C are} offset in different directions from the basic goods sections G _1A and G _1C , but by the same amount. The result of this is that different laying rails are used to lay the pile thread segments P _A , P _B and P _C. In this example, the forming of the knitted fabric into spacer knitted fabrics leads to an isosceles U-profile (Fig. 2.2).

This embodiment of the method is further varied in the example according to FIGS. 3.1 and 3.2, in that the basic goods section G _2A is offset by a different amount from the basic goods section G _1A than the basic goods section G _2C from the basic goods section G _1C . The result after forming is a spacer knit with an unequal leg U-profile.

Another possible embodiment variant is shown in FIGS. 4.1 and 4.2. The goods shown here also have three sections A, B and C. Here, however, the basic goods sections G _1B and G _1C or G _2A and G _2B are connected to one another and form a closed basic product, while between the basic goods sections G _1A and G _1B and G _2B and G _{2C are} not connected. In addition, the lateral offset of the basic goods sections G _2A compared to G _2B and G _2C compared to G _{1C was} chosen differently, which in turn means that the pile threads P _A , P _B and P _{C are laid} by three laying rails which can be displaced independently of one another. The spacer fabric that is formed after the fabric has been formed has a Z-shaped profile with legs of unequal length.

A further possible variation of the method according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 5.1 to 6.2. While pile thread segments were always incorporated into the basic fabric sections in the previous examples, the invention also provides that sections G _1A to G _2C covered with pile threads can also be connected in any manner to the later intended use of the spacer knitted fabric also non-pile basic fabric sections. 5.1 and 5.2, these are the pole-free basic goods sections GPF ₁ , GPF ₂ and GPF ₃ . While the pole-free basic goods sections GPF ₁ and GPF ₂ directly adjoin the basic goods section G _2A laterally, the non-polar basic goods section on the opposite goods side is connected to the basic goods section G _1B . The invention now provides that after the previously described shaping of the goods into a contoured spacer knit fabric, the pile-free base fabric sections GPF ₁ to GPF _{3 are placed} on the side flanks of base fabric sections covered with pile threads (FIG. 5.2). In this example, the non-pile base material section GPF ₁ covers the left side flank of the pile threads P _A of section A, while the non-pile base fabric section GPF ₂ covers the left flank of the pile threads P _B of section A which exceeds section A. The non-pile basic goods section GPF _3, however, covers the entire free right flank of the pile threads P _B of section B.

This example undergoes a further variation in FIGS. 6.1 and 6.2. The goods shown here contain a pole-free basic goods section GPF ₂ , which extends between the basic goods sections G _2A and G _2B , which would normally form an open basic product, and is also connected to these. In the further processing of the goods in the sense of the invention, this means that the pile-free basic goods section GPF ₂ , in order to be able to cover the left free flank of the pile threads P _B in section B, into the space between the pile threads P _A and P _{B of} the sections A and B must be inserted in the form of a loop (Fig.6.2). The pole-free basic goods section GPF ₁ is operated in the manner described above.

All previously described variations of the method according to the invention are characterized in that the pile threads in the long pole sections directly between the needles of the opposite needle bars that bind them be laid, which is why this laying also as "direct laying" should be designated.

In contrast, the invention also opens up the possibility of "indirect Legung ". This is characterized in that the pile threads after they were integrated on a basic product side, through their laying rails not directly to the needles of the opposite needle bars that bind them be guided, but first with a certain lateral Offset to the last binding point over thread holding elements, which do not form a stitch, and only then via the one in the opposite Needle incorporating basic goods. Such holding elements can for example free needles that are not involved in the production of basic goods be, after the consideration by a pile thread this the following First shoots out through the needle tongue to form a handle apply to the needle chest, but in the subsequent cycle of action do not form a stitch due to lack of consideration with another thread can and therefore throw off the pile thread handle formed again. It In this context, it is fundamentally irrelevant whether it is not stitch-forming thread holding elements on the side of the last integration the pile threads in the basic fabric or on the opposite basic fabric side are located. However, the can be realized more advantageously latter possibility.

7.1 to 11.2 illustrate embodiments of the method according to the invention with "indirect laying". 7.1 shows, in addition to the above explanations, a further essential feature of "indirect laying": the corresponding basic goods sections G _1A and G _2A and G _1B are located in short pole sections (here section A) and in long pole sections (here section B) and G _2B opposite each other. In the long-pole section B, the pile threads P _B , after they were last integrated in the basic goods section G _2B , are placed over thread-holding elements on the side of the needle bar on which the basic goods G _{1 are} worked. Thereafter, the pile thread guide initially moves back to the other needle bar with the basic product G ₂ , following the working regime of a double-bar ratchet machine, but does not consider it there and then returns to the needle bar with the basic product G ₁ to insert the pile threads P _B there to insert the corresponding needles with the aim of integration into the basic goods section G _1B . In this way, the pile threads P _B are laid between the base fabric sections G _1B and G _2B with a "thread reserve", ie the length I _{B of} the pile threads P _B is greater than the distance a of the needle bars. The size of the thread reserve depends directly on how large the lateral offset of the thread holding elements relative to the needles in the basic goods sections G _1B and G _2B is. In the subsequent cycle of action, the processes described take place in a mirror image between the two needle bars.

The forming of the knitted fabric into a contoured spacer fabric according to the invention takes place with indirect laying in that the distance between the basic fabric sections in the long-pole section B is increased beyond the distance a until the thread reserve of the pile threads P _B is used up and this is a stretched position take in.

FIGS. 8.1 and 8.2 show an application of indirect laying analogously to the example according to FIGS. 2.1 and 2.2. The short-pole section B is followed on both sides by long-pole sections A and C, in which the lateral offset of the pile threads P _A and P _C takes place in opposite directions to one another in order to generate the thread reserve. In this case, the spacer goods produced according to the invention in turn have an isosceles, U-shaped cross section. Analogously to the example in FIGS. 3.1 and 3.2, a different length of the legs can also be produced by a different width offset of the pile threads P _A and P _B.

Figures 9.1 and 9.2 illustrate that indirect laying opens up possibilities that go beyond direct laying. Here the goods consist of two short-pole sections A and C, which enclose a long-pole section B between them. In this example, the pile threads P _B are temporarily placed in the manner described above over thread holding elements, which in turn are located outside the section C. The basic condition for this, however, is that the pile threads P _B each extend between two rows of pile threads P _C without looping around them, in order not to prevent the subsequent stretching of the pile threads P _B when the goods are formed into a contoured spacer fabric with a T-shaped cross section. However, this can be easily ensured by laying pile threads P _C at most in every second row, at least in section C, while the pile threads P _B are worked into the rows which are then left free.

However, the invention is with reference to FIG. 9.1. and 9.2 not limited to the fact that the thread holding elements must be located outside the adjacent basic goods section. As shown in Fig. 10.1, there is also the possibility of temporarily placing pile threads P _B belonging to a long-pole section B over thread-holding elements which, for. T. or only within the adjacent short pole section C. For example, needles located in section C that are not involved in the formation of the basic goods in this section can be used for this purpose. In this example too, the finished spacer has a T-shaped cross-section (Fig. 10.2).

11.1 and 11.2 show the application of indirect laying to a spacer fabric in which the free flanks of pile threads P _A and P _{C are covered} by pile thread-free basic fabric sections GPF ₁ to GPF ₄ . Furthermore, both basic goods G ₁ and G _{2 are designed} as closed basic goods. This construction makes it possible to carry out the shaping into the contoured spacer goods in such a way that both basic goods sections G _1A and G _2A or G _1C and G _2C are lifted out of the planes described by the basic goods sections G _1B and G _2B in the short-pile section B until the pile threads P _A and P _B reach full extension. This creates a spacer with a double T-shaped profile.

A further, particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 12.1 and 12.2. It makes it possible to create a mechanical connection between adjacent sections of different pile thread length, which leads to a particularly good cohesion also being produced in the finished, contoured spacer knitted fabric between these two adjacent sections. A so-called pile thread PF is used for this. This is preferably placed only over the outermost needle of section B with the shorter length of pile threads P _B and thus also preferably only integrated into the outer wale M facing section A with the longer pile threads P _A. Between two tie-in points, which do not necessarily have to lie in two successive rows of stitches, a separate laying rail guiding the pile thread PF underlies the area A with the longer pile threads P _A under at least one needle of this section A and remains in the area of this for so long Nadelgasse until at least one row of pile threads P _{A was} laid and integrated into the corresponding basic goods sections G _1A and G _2A . Only then is the pile thread PF tied back into the wale M without excess length and thus wraps around a series of pile threads P _A in section A. When the goods are subsequently contoured, the pile threads P _A thus "caught" are pulled through the loop formed by the pile thread PF and held by the latter also close to the edge of section B. The introduction of such a pile thread is also possible between two adjacent long pole sections.

The invention is not limited by the examples described here. For example, in addition to the profiles described (T, U, Z, L, and double T profile) other profile shapes conceivable and producible. The described However, profiles are the main forms of application that result from the allow commercially available profiles to be derived from steel girders.

It is also possible to change the length of the long pole sections between the Basic thread sections integrated pile thread segments in their length also during the knitting process, in extreme cases from stitch row to stitch row, to change. Then z. B. contours with up and down Thick or reinforced or weakened to certain lengths Contours can be produced.

It is also possible to use pile threads only in every mth row of stitches and in every nth stitch, so that the density or the distribution of the pile threads in the sections can be influenced in a targeted manner can.

List of the reference symbols used

A

section

B

section

c

section

G ₁

Basic goods

G ₂

Basic goods

G _1A

Basic goods section

G _1B

Basic goods section

G _1C

Basic goods section

G _2A

Basic goods section

G _2B

Basic goods section

G _2C

Basic goods section

GPF ₁

non-pile basic goods section

GPF ₂

non-pile basic goods section

GPF ₃

non-pile basic goods section

GPF ₄

non-pile basic goods section

M

Wales

P _A

Pile thread

P _B

Pile thread

P _C

Pile thread

PF

Pile thread

a

Distance of the needle bars

I _A

Length of pile threads

I _B

Length of pile threads

Claims (16)

1. Process for producing a spaced knitted article, which has mutually opposed backing cloths (G₁; G₂) with different local spacing, by producing the backing cloths (G₁; G₂) and tying in, on either side, pile thread systems extending between the backing cloths (G₁; G₂), characterised in that the spaced knitted article is worked on two equidistant, uncontoured needle bars of a warp knitting machine and in that it is composed of any adjacent short pile portions (A; B; C) in which the length of the pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C) is equal to the spacing (a) of the needle bars and long pile portions (A; B; C) in which the length of the pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C) is greater than the spacing (a) of the needle bars.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that adjacent backing cloth portions (A; B; C) are worked, directly connected, as a closed backing cloth.
3. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that adjacent backing cloth portions (A; B; C) are worked, not directly connected, as an open backing cloth.
4. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that, in long pile portions, the pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C) are tied into portions of the backing cloths, one of which borders on a short pile portion and is tied thereto, whereas the other is laterally offset in the extension direction of the needle bars.
5. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that, in long pile portions, the pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C) are tied into mutually opposed portions of the backing cloths (G₁; G₂), in that they are initially lapped over thread holding elements which are laterally offset in the extension direction of the needle bars from the stitch forming elements working the backing cloth (G₁; G₂) and do not form a stitch and are then lapped over the stitch forming elements of the opposing needle bar working the backing cloth (G₁; G₂) and are tied into the backing cloth (G₁; G₂) there.
6. Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that pile thread-free backing cloth portions (GPF₁; GPF₂; GPF₃; GPF₄) are adjacent to backing cloth portions (G_1A G_1B; G_1C; G_2A; G_2B; G_2C) with tied-in pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C).
7. Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 6,
   characterised in that pile thread-free backing cloth portions (GPF₁; GPF₂; GPF₃; GPF₄), which extend between two backing cloth portions (G_1A G_1B; G_1C; G_2A; G_2B; G_2C) with tied-in pile threads, are connected at least to an adjacent backing cloth portion (G_1A G_1B; G_1C; G_2A; G_2B; G_2C) with tied-in pile threads.
8. Process according to claim 4, characterised in that the lateral offset of the backing cloth portion (G_1A G_1B; G_1C; G_2A; G_2B; G_2C) is changed during the knitting process.
9. Process according to claim 5, characterised in that the width of the lapping is not changed by any stitch forming thread holding elements during the knitting process.
10. Process according to claim 5, characterised in that, in the transition between backing cloth portions (G_1A G_1B; G_1C; G_2A; C_2B; G_2C) with pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C) of different lengths, at least one pile catch thread is incorporated which is tied into the edge of the backing cloth (G₁; G₂) of the portion (A; B; C) with the shorter pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C) with a spacing of at least one row of stitches respectively and, between its tie-in points, loops at least one pile thread segment (P_A; P_B; P_C) of at least one row of stitches of the portion (A; B; C) with the longer pile thread segments.
11. Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that after completion of the knitting process, raised contours are produced from portions (A; B; C) with longer pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C) over portions (A; B; C) with shorter pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C).
12. Process according to claims 1, 4 and 11, characterised in that the raised structures are produced in that in portions (A; B; C) with pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C), the length of which is greater than spacing of the needle bars, the backing cloth portions (G_1A G_1B; G_1C; G_2A; G_2B; G_2C) laterally offset from one another are made to overlap one another.
13. Process according to claims 1, 5 and 11, characterised in that the raised structures are produced in that in portions (A; B; C) with pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C), the length of which exceeds the spacing of the needle bars, the spacing of the mutually opposed backing cloth portions (G_1A G_1B; G_1C; G_2A; G_2B; G_2C) is increased until the pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C) are completely extended.
14. Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that pile-free backing cloth portions (GPF₁; GPF₂; GPF₃; GPF₄) are placed on side flanks of backing cloth portions (G_1A G_1B; G_1C; G_2A; G_2B; G_2C) occupied by pile threads.
15. Spaced knitted article, consisting of mutually opposed backing cloths (G₁; G₂) with different local spacing from one another and pile thread systems extending on either side between the backing cloths (G₁; G₂) and tied therein, characterised in that, at the transitions between backing cloths portions (G_1A G_1B; G_1C; G_2A; G_2B; G_2C) with pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C) of different lengths, at least one pile catch thread (PF) is incorporated into the edge of the open backing cloth side, which pile catch thread is tied into the backing cloth (G₁; G₂) of the portion (A; B; C) with the shorter pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C) with a spacing of at least one row of stitches respectively and, between its tie-in points, loops at least one pile thread segment (P_A; P_B; P_C) of at least one row of stitches of the portion (A; B; C) with the longer pile thread segments (P_A; P_B; P_C).
16. Spaced knitted article, consisting of mutually opposed backing cloths with different local spacing from one another and pile thread systems extending on either side between the backing cloths and tied therein, characterised in that side flanks of backing cloth portions (G_1A G_1B; C_1C; G_2A; G_2B; G_2C) occupied by pile threads are covered by pile-free backing cloth portions (GPF₁; GPF₂; GPF₃; GPF₄).

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