EP0748011B1 - Zündkerzenankabelanordnung - Google Patents

Zündkerzenankabelanordnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0748011B1
EP0748011B1 EP19960302172 EP96302172A EP0748011B1 EP 0748011 B1 EP0748011 B1 EP 0748011B1 EP 19960302172 EP19960302172 EP 19960302172 EP 96302172 A EP96302172 A EP 96302172A EP 0748011 B1 EP0748011 B1 EP 0748011B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
connector
spark plug
cable
ignition
clip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19960302172
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0748011A1 (de
Inventor
Victor Edward Braybrook
Raymond Reginald Smith
Roger Eris Searle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Werke GmbH
Ford France SA
Ford Motor Co Ltd
Ford Motor Co
Original Assignee
Ford Werke GmbH
Ford France SA
Ford Motor Co Ltd
Ford Motor Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Werke GmbH, Ford France SA, Ford Motor Co Ltd, Ford Motor Co filed Critical Ford Werke GmbH
Publication of EP0748011A1 publication Critical patent/EP0748011A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0748011B1 publication Critical patent/EP0748011B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/52—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
    • H01R13/5202—Sealing means between parts of housing or between housing part and a wall, e.g. sealing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/20—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for assembling or disassembling contact members with insulating base, case or sleeve
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/02—Details
    • H01T13/06—Covers forming a part of the plug and protecting it against adverse environment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/533—Bases, cases made for use in extreme conditions, e.g. high temperature, radiation, vibration, corrosive environment, pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2101/00—One pole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/20—Coupling parts carrying sockets, clips or analogous contacts and secured only to wire or cable

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spark plug cable assembly and in particular to a moulded spark plug connector with integrally moulded clips for spark plug cables.
  • Motor vehicle spark plug ignition cables are commonly run in a cable bundle from an ignition coil to the engine spark plugs, with a separate cable to each spark plug connector.
  • the cables need to be held in a safe and secure arrangement, while at the same time ensuring that no undue stresses are placed on any of the cables during the assembly, operation or servicing of the engine.
  • the cables are held as straight as possible, and away from contact with any moving parts or hot surfaces. Because of the high voltages within the cables, typically 10 to 20 kV, the cables must be kept as dry as possible, away from both direct contact with water and also from condensation.
  • a spark plug connector for making an electrical connection between an ignition cable and a spark plug
  • the connector comprising a sleeve with a channel therein adapted to accommodate the ignition cable and within which the connection may be made, a cable retaining clip integral with the sleeve and having an opening into which an ignition cable routed past the connector may be pushed to seat the ignition cable within the clip, the connector having a grip feature to help release the connector from a spark plug, one side of the cable retaining clip being formed by a surface on the grip feature, characterised in that the surface on the grip feature which forms said one side of the cable retaining clip is part of an overhang at the top of the connector.
  • the invention also provides a spark-ignition engine comprising a plurality of spark plugs which are electrically connected to an ignition system through a spark plug cable assembly, in which the assembly comprises a number of spark plug connectors as described above according to the invention.
  • the invention further provides a spark plug cable assembly comprising a number of spark plug connectors and the same number of ignition cables, each ignition cable leading to one of the connectors for making an electrical connection therein with a spark plug, each connector comprising a sleeve with a channel therein adapted to accommodate the ignition cable and within which the connection may be made, at least one of the connectors having a cable retaining clip integral with the sleeve and having an opening into which an ignition cable which leads to another spark plug connector may be pushed to seat the ignition cable within the clip, the connector having a grip feature to help release the spark plug connector from a spark plug, one side of the cable retaining clip being formed by a surface on the grip feature, characterised in that said one side of the cable retaining clip is part of an overhang at the top of the connector.
  • the invention also provides a spark-ignition engine comprising a plurality of spark plugs which are electrically connected to an ignition system through a spark plug cable assembly, in which the assembly is as described above according to the invention.
  • Each connector may advantageously be integrality moulded with the clips.
  • the spark plug connector comprises a sleeve with a channel therein through which the cable passes for making electrical contact with a spark plug, and the sleeve is adapted to pass through a spark plug aperture in an engine cover so that the connector may make contact with a spark plug under the engine cover.
  • the engine cover may be a cam cover.
  • the spark plug connectors are provided with a grip feature, which may be centrally located at the end of the sleeve. Since the grip will generally need to be as robust as the sleeve, it will usually have a cross section which is comparable in extent with that of the sleeve.
  • One side of the cable retaining clip is formed by a surface of this grip feature and the cable clip has an opening through which the cable may be pushed to seat the cable within the clip.
  • the cables will generally need to be removable from the clips, particularly when the cable assembly is removed from the engine, it is advantageous if the cable may be removed from the clip by pulling the cable back through the opening in the clip.
  • the grip feature may be relatively rigid to allow a firm grip to be had, when one side of the clip is formed by the grip feature, the other side of the clip may be formed from a more compliant construction to allow the cable to be seated within the clip.
  • the spark plug connector has two cable retaining clips on opposite sides of the connector, and this may be on opposite sides of the grip feature, although a third or further clip may be added so that more cables may be held.
  • the ignition cable may enter the spark plug connector at an oblique angle to the axis of the sleeve so that the cable is bent through an angle less than 90° as it enters the sleeve. This also reduces the mechanical strain on the cable and helps to direct the cable away from any surfaces surrounding the sleeve.
  • the sleeve may also be provided with a peripheral seal to prevent ingress of liquids or other contamination through the spark plug aperture when the connector is in contact with the spark plug and the seal may additionally have a cap which covers the spark plug aperture.
  • the cable retaining clip may have a base which tapers towards the connector in order to improve the mechanical integrity of the clip.
  • a spark plug connector according to the invention may advantageously be moulded from a rubber compound, such as a silicone rubber.
  • the first connector does not clip to any cables
  • the second connector is adjacent to the first connector and clips to a cable from the first connector
  • the third connector is adjacent to the second connector and clips to cables from the first and second connectors
  • the fourth connector is adjacent to the third connector and clips to two cables from the other connectors.
  • a spark plug cable assembly 1 for a four cylinder spark-ignition engine has four ignition cables 2 and four identical spark plug connectors 10,11,12,13, generally indicated by the reference numeral 3, and a cable bundle clip 4 formed from two snap together plastic pieces.
  • the assembly is shown as it would be in use with the connectors inserted at right angles to the page through apertures in a cam cover 5 to connect with spark plugs (not shown).
  • the cam cover is bolted to the engine by a number of bolts 6 and has a central channel 7 through which the assembly 1 runs from the spark plugs to the ignition coil (not shown).
  • Each spark plug connector 3 is moulded from a silicone rubber compound and has two integrally moulded cable clips, generally indicated by numerals 42 and 43, on opposite sides of a grip feature in the form of a head 9 through which the cable 2 enters the connector 3.
  • the assembly is manufactured so that the each cable 2 has a length sufficient to allow a connector 3 to reach a particular aperture in the cam cover channel 7.
  • the first spark plug connector 10 is the one farthest from the ignition coil, and so neither of the cable clips 42,43 is used.
  • This connector 10 could be formed without any integrally moulded cable retaining clips, but generally it will not be economic to manufacture different connectors with different numbers of cable clips for different points in the assembly 1.
  • the unused clips do not present any disadvantage and it is an advantage of this particular embodiment of the invention that the same moulding may be used on all four connectors 10,11,12,13.
  • the second spark plug connector 11, adjacent to the first connector 10, has one clip 14 used to retain the cable 2 from the first connector 10.
  • the next, third, connector 12 has two clips 15,16 used to hold the cables from the previous connectors 10,11.
  • the last, fourth, connector 13 has two clips 17,18 used to hold the cables from the first and second connectors.
  • the cable from the third connector passes over and is supported by the top of the fourth connector.
  • Each cable 2 is therefore arranged and clipped securely into place within the assembly to lead each cable in as straight a line as possible towards the connectors, while providing support points above the cam cover channel 7 at separations no greater than the separation between the connectors 10,11,12, 13.
  • the spark plug connector is shown in greater detail in Figures 2, 3 and 4.
  • the connector 3 is shown in a side view seated in a cam cover aperture 32 in the cam cover channel 7.
  • the aperture has a cylindrical wall 34.
  • the connector 3 has a roughly cylindrical sleeve 35 which leads through the aperture 32 to make a connection with the spark plug (not shown).
  • Four circular parallel flanges 36 which are thin and flexible, project at right angles from the sleeve to make contact with the inner wall of the aperture 32. These flanges help centre the sleeve of the connector within the aperture and also form a barrier to the ingress of moisture or other contamination.
  • the flanges 36 must not provide a hermetic seal or air pressure differences will build up within the cover and may even dislodge a connector from a spark plug.
  • Each flange is therefore provided with one peripheral notch 37 which serves as a vent hole past the flange, with alternate flanges having notches offset circumferentially. Offsetting the notches presents a long and convoluted path through the flanges 36 to deter moisture or contamination from passing from outside through the cam cover.
  • flanges Above the flanges is another, thicker and less flexible parallel flange or cap 38, which extends outwardly beyond the edges of the aperture 32, to form a cover across the top of the aperture.
  • the head 9 at the top of the spark plug connector 3 has an overhang with a projection 40 which may be gripped by a thumb.
  • the head On the opposite side to this projection, the head has a flat surface 50 tapered at about 45° to the axis of the sleeve, through which the ignition cable 2 passes. The cable therefore projects upwards slightly as it leaves the connector 3, and this feature helps support the cable away from the bottom of the cam cover channel 7.
  • each clip On either side of the head 9, and at right angles to the projection 40 and the cable 2, are two cable retaining clips 42,43.
  • the innermost side 44,45 of each clip is formed by a side surface of the head 9, and since this head is relatively robust and inflexible, each clip has a more flexible outer arm 46,47. When a cable is pressed into the clip, the outer arm flexes outwards until the cable is seated in the space between the outer arm and the head.
  • each of the cable retaining clips 42,43 which tapers towards the sleeve 35. These webs form a base for the clips to improve the mechanical integrity of the retaining clips and to prevent a downward force on a cable from disengaging the cable from a clip.
  • Figure 5 shows in cross section a spark plug connector 51 with the spark plug cable and clip removed from a channel 52 leading through the connector.
  • the channel has a gentle bend 53 over about 45°.
  • this bend has two other advantages over a conventional 90° bend at this point. Firstly, it places less stress on the cable as it is bent, and secondly, as can be seen from Figure 7 and as will be explained below, it permits the integrally moulded spark plug connector 51 to be bent upon insertion of a mandrel 83 for insertion of the ignition cable.
  • the ignition cable 2 has attached at its end a spark plug clip 72, an upper half of which wraps around the cable, and is held on by several crimps 74, and a lower half of which forms a hollow tube 75 with a spring clip 76 at its end which pushes onto a terminal on the top of a spark plug. Just above the spring clip there is a hole 77 in the hollow tube 75.
  • the ignition cable 2 has a conductor formed from carbon impregnated glass fibre, which is held against a tab 78 to make electrical contact with the spark plug clip 72.
  • the channel 52 has an internal profile which matches the external profile of the ignition cable 2 and spark plug clip 72.
  • the channel 52 has a step 54, which matches the shoulder 73 where the cable 2 enters the clip 72.
  • the spark plug connector 51 is assembled with the cable 2 and spark plug clip 72 in the following manner.
  • a mandrel 83 is inserted through the spark plug connection aperture 84 into the channel 52 of the connector 51, and forced past the bend and out the other side of the channel.
  • the integrally moulded connector 51 is flexible and resilient enough to bend, thereby permitting the channel to straighten out to allow the mandrel 83 to pass through.
  • the mandrel 83 has at its end a hook 85.
  • the diameter of the mandrel 83 and the size of the hook 85 are such that the mandrel may just be inserted into the hollow tube 75 of the spark plug clip, so that the hook may grip the hole 77 in the hollow tube 75.
  • the mandrel is then hooked to the spark plug clip 72, and pulled back through the channel 52 in the connector 51, so pulling the cable 2 and spark plug clip 72 into the connector. Once the cable and clip are correctly positioned, the hook 85 is unhooked from the hole 77, and the mandrel 85 removed from the spark plug connection aperture 84.
  • cam cover channel In the absence of a spark plug cable assembly as described, a cam cover channel would generally have to be provided with other cable mounting means, such as individual cable clips. Cam covers may be cast from an aluminium alloy, and so the casting would then have to include extra material at several points for drilling and tapping in subsequent processing steps. The individual clips would have to be manually attached to the cover at these points before the spark plug cable assembly could be connected to the spark plugs.
  • the assembly described here reduces the costs inherent in the prior art spark plug cable assembly, by reducing the material needed in the cam cover casting, and by eliminating extra process steps both in forming the mounting points on the casting, and in attaching clips at these points.
  • the present invention can therefore provide a spark plug cable assembly which reduces the number of cable assembly components and process steps and which improves the reliability, cost and speed of fitting the cable assembly to the engine and spark plugs.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Ein Zündkerzenstecker (3) zum Herstellen eines elektrischen Anschlusses zwischen einem Zündkabel (2) und einer Zündkerze, wobei der Stecker (3) eine Hülse (35) mit einem Kanal (52) darin enthält, der zur Aufnahme des Zündkabels (2) ausgelegt ist und in dem der Anschluss hergestellt werden kann, eine Kabelhalteklammer (42, 43), die einen Teil mit der Hülse (35) bildet und eine Öffnung hat, in die ein nach dem Stecker (3) gelegtes Zündkabel (2) gestossen werden kann, um das Zündkabel (2) in die Klammer (42, 43) zu legen, wobei der Stecker einen Kabelziehschlauch (9, 40) hat, um zu helfen den Stecker (3) von einer Zündkerze freizugeben, wobei eine Seite (44, 45) der Kabelhalteklammer (42, 43) durch eine Oberfläche auf dem Kabelziehschlauch (9, 40) gebildet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass die Oberfläche auf dem Kabelziehschlauch (9, 40), die die besagte eine Seite (44, 45) der Kabelhalteklammer (42, 43) bildet, ein Teil eines Übersprungs am oberen Ende des Steckers (3) ist.
  2. Ein Zündkerzenstecker (3) nach Anspruch 1, in dem der Übersprung einen Vorsprung (40) hat, der durch einen Drücker gehalten werden kann.
  3. Ein Zündkerzenstecker (3) nach Anspruch 2, in dem der Stecker (3) zwei Kabelhalteklammern (42, 43) auf entgegengesetzten Seiten des Steckers (3) in rechten Winkeln zum Vorsprung (40) hat.
  4. Ein Zündkerzenstecker (3) nach irgendeinem der vorausgegangenen Ansprüche, in dem die Kabelhalteklammer (42, 43) eine Grundlage (48, 49) hat, die sich zum Stecker (3) hin verjüngt.
  5. Eine Zündkerzen-Kabeleinheit (1) bestehend aus einer Anzahl von Zündkerzensteckern (3) und der gleichen Anzahl von Zündkabeln (2), wobei jedes Zündkabel (2) zu einem der Stecker (3) führt, um einen elektrischen Anschluss darin mit einer Zündkerze herzustellen, wobei jeder Stecker (3) eine Hülse (35) mit einem Kanal (52) darin enthält, der zur Aufnahme des Zündkabels (2) ausgelegt ist und in dem der Anschluss hergestellt werden kann, wobei mindestens einer der Stecker (3) eine Kabelhalteklammer (42, 43) hat, die ein Teil mit der Hülse (35) bildet und der eine Öffnung hat, in die ein Zündkabel (2), das zu einem anderen Zündkerzenstecker (3) führt, gesteckt werden kann, um das Zündkabel (2) in die Klammer (42, 43) zu legen, wobei der Stecker einen Kabelziehschlauch (9, 40) hat, um zu helfen den Zündkerzenstecker (3) von einer Zündkerze frei zu machen, wobei eine Seite (44, 45) der Kabelhalteklammer (42, 43) von einer Oberfläche auf dem Kabelziehschlauch (9, 40) gebildet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass die besagte eine Seite (44, 45) der Kabelhalteklammer (42, 43) ein Teil eines Überhangs am oberen Ende des Steckers (3) ist.
  6. Eine Zündkerzen-Kabeleinheit (1) nach Anspruch (5), in der die Hülse (35) ausgelegt ist, um durch eine Zündkerzenöffnung (32) in einer Motorhaube (5) zu gehen, so dass der Stecker (3) einen Kontakt mit einer Zündkerze unter der Motorhaube (5) herstellen kann.
  7. Eine Zündkerzen-Kabeleinheit (1) nach Anspruch 5 oder Anspruch 6, in der der Übersprung einen Vorsprung (40) hat, der von einem Drücker gehalten werden kann.
  8. Eine Zündkerzen-Kabeleinheit (1) nach Anspruch 7, in der der Zündkerzenstecker (3) zwei Kabelhalteklammern (42, 43) auf entgegengesetzten Seiten des Steckers (3) in rechten Winkeln zum Vorsprung (40) hat.
  9. Eine Zündkerzen-Kabeleinheit (1) nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, in der die Kabelhalteklammer (42, 43) eine Grundlage (48, 49) hat, die sich zum Stecker (3) hin verjüngt.
  10. Eine Zündkerzen-Kabeleinheit (1) nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, in der vier Stecker (10, 11, 12, 13) und Zündkabel (2) vorhanden sind und ein erster Stecker (10) nicht an irgendwelchen Zündkabeln (2) angeklammert ist, ein zweiter Stecker (11) sich nahe des ersten Steckers (10) befindet und an ein Zündkabel (2) vom ersten Stecker (10) geklammert ist, ein dritter Stecker (12) sich nahe des zweiten Steckers (11) befindet und an den Zündkabeln (2) vom ersten und zweiten Stecker (10, 11) geklammert ist und ein vierter Stecker (13) sich nahe des dritten Steckers (12) befindet und nur an zwei Zündkabel (2) von den anderen Steckern (10, 11, 12) geklammert ist.
  11. Ein Kerzenzündungsmotor bestehend aus einer Vielzahl von Zündkerzen, die elektrisch an ein Zündsystem durch eine Zündkerzen-Kabeleinheit (1) angeschlossen sind, in dem die Einheit (1) eine Anzahl von Zündkerzensteckern (3), wie nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 enthält.
  12. Ein Kerzenzündungsmotor bestehend aus einer Vielzahl von Zündkerzen, die elektrisch an ein Zündsystem durch eine Zündkerzen-Kabeleinheit (1) angeschlossen sind, in dem die Einheit (1) wie nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10 ist.
EP19960302172 1995-05-27 1996-03-28 Zündkerzenankabelanordnung Expired - Lifetime EP0748011B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9510848 1995-05-27
GB9510848A GB2301491A (en) 1995-05-27 1995-05-27 Spark plug connector

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0748011A1 EP0748011A1 (de) 1996-12-11
EP0748011B1 true EP0748011B1 (de) 1998-09-16

Family

ID=10775200

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19960302172 Expired - Lifetime EP0748011B1 (de) 1995-05-27 1996-03-28 Zündkerzenankabelanordnung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0748011B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69600656T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2121459T3 (de)
GB (1) GB2301491A (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2483406C1 (ru) * 2011-09-20 2013-05-27 Андрей Михайлович Яловицын Высоковольтный провод свечи зажигания

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2638604C2 (de) * 1976-08-27 1978-10-26 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Mehrpolige Stiftleiste für Drahtwickelverbindungen
SE436671B (sv) * 1983-08-05 1985-01-14 Saab Scania Ab Anslutningsdon vid tendsystem till en forbrenningsmotors tendstift
JPS61167479U (de) * 1985-04-05 1986-10-17
US4824385A (en) * 1987-11-13 1989-04-25 Prestolite Wire Corporation Rigid sheath for a spark plug cable and its associated boot
JPH0710065Y2 (ja) * 1989-03-03 1995-03-08 日産自動車株式会社 コードクランプ部材
JPH066230Y2 (ja) * 1989-04-07 1994-02-16 日産自動車株式会社 点火ケーブル用クランプ
US4960394A (en) * 1989-08-23 1990-10-02 Northern Telecom Limited Grooming ring and grooming ring carrier
WO1994005942A1 (en) * 1992-09-09 1994-03-17 John Ioannis Parveris Retaining device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2121459T3 (es) 1998-11-16
DE69600656D1 (de) 1998-10-22
EP0748011A1 (de) 1996-12-11
GB9510848D0 (en) 1995-07-19
DE69600656T2 (de) 1999-02-04
GB2301491A (en) 1996-12-04

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