EP0746731A1 - A method of and device for producing energy - Google Patents
A method of and device for producing energyInfo
- Publication number
- EP0746731A1 EP0746731A1 EP95912199A EP95912199A EP0746731A1 EP 0746731 A1 EP0746731 A1 EP 0746731A1 EP 95912199 A EP95912199 A EP 95912199A EP 95912199 A EP95912199 A EP 95912199A EP 0746731 A1 EP0746731 A1 EP 0746731A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- water
- energy
- vessel
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 43
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000338702 Cupido minimus Species 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009781 Myrtillocactus geometrizans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008162 cooking oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F24V99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
Definitions
- the invention refers to a method of producing heat energy and to a device for carrying out the method.
- the inventors have detected a new method of producing heat energy using oil and water, wherein a much higher energy can be gained and a much higher temperature is obtained than when only burning the oil.
- the method of the invention is characterized in that water is contacted with the oil, which beforehand has been heated to a temperature that depends on the nature of the respective oil. By such handling, an eruption of heat is caused which is comparable to an enormous and very hot flame-like exhaust. This means that an extremely strong combustion with heat release takes place.
- the producing of energy is a transformation of energy and a production of heat.
- the method has proved very effective if. in a special chamber, the water is sprayed over the upper surface of the hot oil, which beforehand has been heated e.g.
- a vessel conically tapering to a top opening is preferred.
- air into the chamber or vessel An ordinary oil burner supplied with water instead of oil can be used, e.g. for spraying water and introducing air into the vessel.
- the oil to be used for the purpose is preferably a fat oil, such as fat animal or fat vegetable oil. Vegetable oil has proved particularly effective, the neccessary starting temperature in such case being 310 " " C or more. But also light vegetable oil has been proved to be successful.
- the starting temperature should not be too high so that the oil may not be chemically desintegrated beforehand, e.g. for the above oil not more than 340...350°C.
- the relation of the oil to the water should be approx. 40:60 per weight, a relation which, however, can be shifted to approx. 10:90, i.e. using less oil. if the process parameters such as the supply with oil, water and air and the output- jet diameter are finely, particularly electronically, controlled.
- sea water could increase the performance of the system, probably due to the presence of salts and Deuterium in said water.
- the device of the invention was checked with a Geiger-Mueller counter and no radio ⁇ activity was found, probably due to the aneutronic reaction which is supposed to take place.
- the first aneutronic reaction was discovered in England in 1932 by the Nobel Prize Winners 1936 Cokroft and Walton.
- An instance of the aneutronic reaction is that of the star energy generated in the cycle "proton-proton", that is in fact aneutronic and is the primary source of the solar energy.
- aneutronic thermonuclear processes not neutronic and therefore not radioactive
- the inventors assume a very advanced technological process concerning aneutronic thermonuclear processes (not neutronic and therefore not radioactive), to obtain the energy contained in the atomic nucleuses and with the generation of free radical hydrogen or diatomic hydrogen and metastable helium, through a change of the molecular atomic structure of the water under certain process starting conditions obtained by means of a catalyst/reactor (even though it is not a real catalyst but more a reactor as it takes pan in the reaction).
- the aneutronic nuclear reaction exists, and an istance of that is the star energy generated in the cycle "proton- proton" that is in fact aneutronic and the primary source of the solar energy.
- the atomic nucleuses are positively charged and they repel each other naturally, having the same charge.
- the success of the process is assumed to result in the elimination of the repulsion so that they can collide. This can be obtained invecting some neutralizing electrons in the ions mixture and creating in that way a synthetic plasma consisting of trapped ions at high energy that move in a sea of electrons.
- T e metastable helium is an excited state of normal helium in which an electron in the atom is in an excitation state, that is a level of greater energy (as in the case of the laser pumping). When the electrons go back to their lower level of energy, the energy so released corresponds to a Isp of 3.150s.
- the first stage of reaction is the combination of the H atom in H, and the release of energy caused by the passage of the excited electrons from the state of metastable helium to that of helium and also at last the reaction of pressure derived from the change in volume from the liquid state, as water, to the gaseous one and the subsequent combustion of the compound. So, a further expansion force is obtained in the process in addition to the many advantages and innovations of the process.
- the losses in the transformation from the process to active work can be reduced to a minimum which means a high efficiency process so that even though every single reaction is not efficient to 100%, the sum of the various effects enhances the general efficiency level if compared to the use of a single process, as it generally happens, to above the 300% also compared to a rocket engine and of course much more than any other type of existing energy converters.
- the invention provides a hybrid integrated system which has never been realized as a converter. Moreover the danger of a possible explosion has been completeley eliminated with great advantages if considering safety, since the single components are not inflammable until the precise starting conditions of the process are reached (min. temperature of 350 degree centigrade) and only inside the energy converter (fuels storable on the ground). This process can be employed for a greater trust in the rockets so that heavier materials can be loaded and/or higher speed can be reached as a conse- quence of the increase of the jet ejection speed.
- the compression can be generated by the conversion from the liquid phase (water) to the gaseous, while the ignition takes place only when the precise conditions are reproduced in the special combustion chamber of the converter causing so a further boost of pressure that increase the ejection speed of the burst gas.
- the force produced in the state change is enough to let a motor work without provoking burst in the combu ⁇ stion chamber.
- thermonuclear reactions that can be foreseen in the short ran in addition to that.
- the invention relates to an energy converter or special combustion shaped chamber as later described extracting energy from water in a special process and using part of this energy for the dissociation itself. Further steps will be electronically con ⁇ trolled converters for increased efficiency, for example to increase or decrease water quantity in proportion with the required quantity of catalyst/reactor.
- the method of the invention can be used primarily to generate heat energy, and secon ⁇ darily to supply with driving energy an engine such as a turbo-engine or an endothermic engine.
- Fig. 1 shows a heating furnace set equipped to exploit the method of the invention
- Fig. 2 and 3 show schematic elevational sections through reactor vessels also useable in the equipment for carrying o ⁇ t the invention.
- the equipment of Fig. 1 comprises a furnace 1 having an exhaust flue 2, e.g. a furnace as used for a boiler or for a heating, and a usual burner 3 of the type usually used to spray heating oil and air into the furnace.
- the burner 3 is connected to a tank 4 which may be a tank like a usual oil tank as used for heating boilers, and is equipped with a nozzle 5 spurting off the material the burner 3 receives from tank 4.
- the burner 3 is not directly connected to the furnace 1 but is connected to a reaction vessle 1 1 containing a reaction chamber 12 into which a supply line 13 opens which comes, via a control valve 14, from a further tank 15.
- the vessel 1 1. and thus also the chamber 12. is conically shaped tapering towards its upper end which opens into some sort of a flue 16 ending as a jet 17 into the furnace 1.
- the flue 16 contains a flap valve 18.
- electric heating wires 23 conntected to a (not shown) power source are arranged.
- a gas burner or another heating facility may be provided.
- the tank 4 is filled with water and the tank 15 is filled with a vegetable oil.
- the vegetable oil may be a usual cooking oil.
- a limited amount of the oil is allowed to pass into the vessel 1 1 , which in the depicted arrange ⁇ ment happens by gravity, in other arrangements by a pump.
- an amount of oil 24 is collected up to a level of e.g. 3 to 5 mm, so as to cover the heating wires 23.
- the amount of oil 24 in the vessel is heated to a temperature of approx. 330° C, the minimum for the used oil being 320 " .
- a thermometer 25 serves for observing the temperature.
- the burner 3 is started to spray water over the surface of the oil 24, at the same time supplying some air into the chamber 12.
- the water contacts the heated oil and leads to a very violent reaction with the consequence of an eruption of very hot material being discharged from the jet 17.
- the eruption consists of a flame-like bulb 29 of a white or blue glowing luminescent gas having a temperature of between 1200 and 2000° C, developing out of some sort of a non-luminant stem 30 of some limited length, e.g. 20 to 50 mm, which appears immediately behind the jet 17.
- the existence of stem 30 depends on the control and regulation of the arrangement.
- a gas analyser 31 is inserted into the exhaust flue 2.
- the power supply for the heating wires 23 may be switched off since the reaction itself causes sufficient heat to keep the oil hot and to heat the further supply of oil coming from the tank 15.
- the flap valve 18 which can also have a different valve con ⁇ struction assists to keep the temperature within vessel 1 1 at a value of not less than 320 ; C. It is possible to voluntarily stop the process by closing the valve 14; in doing so, the relative quantity of. water continuously added will cool the reaction chamber below the starting temperature whereby the process is stopped. For an automatic control of the process, it will be necessary to continuously measure the temperature of the oil 24 in vessel 1 1 and in dependency of this temperature to control the supply with oil and water as well as with the air supplied by the burner.
- the level of the oil 24 in chamber 12 should be maintained to a minimum of 3 to 4 mm to be sure that the process will continue; however, also a level of 1 mm of oil has been found working, however, with the risk of a sudden stop.
- the reaction vessel 1 1 in Fig. 1 is supposed to be shaped as a truncated cone. This is not absolutely necessary, alternative possibilities would be e.g. a truncated pyramid or, though less preferable, a cylinder.
- Fig. 2 shows a shape of the vessel 1 1 combined of a cylinder and a cone.
- the con- struction is different from the construction of Fig. 1 in that a plurality of nozzels 5 exist which spray alltogether onto the level of the oil.
- Fig. 3. there are provided one nozzel 5 and a separate air supply 32 above the level of oil 24 into the chamber 12 in vessel 1 1 , which chamber in this case is combined of a parallelepiped and a pyramid.
- a gas flame 33 is used.
- the size of vessel 1 1 is to be designed depending on the heating power. More particu ⁇ larly, it is recommended to dimension the vessel 1 1 directly proportional to the desired heating power.
- the base. diameter of the conical vessel shall be 200 to 250 mm. Larger diameters will lead to a higher heating power but at the same time to larger consumptions while smaller diameters will produce less heat but will lead to lower consumption of the oil and water.
- the consumption is directly proportional to the diameter of the vessel 1 1 or of the chamber 12 therein.
- the cone shape has the advantage of reflecting part of the generated heat back to the oil 24 so as to easier keep it hot.
- the oil quantity in vessel 1 1 has to be heated to e.g. 320' G.
- This temperature is slightly lower than the temperature of flammability of the oil, which represents a safety point because the oil can be stored safely without any problem or cooling necessity.
- the temperature depends on the oil used, other oil having e.g. a starting temperature of 350° C.
- the method can be used with a usual turbine in the following way: a turbine has burners with combustion chambers on the external toroidal diameter and in this case the system can be easily applied with great advantage, taking in consideration the usually very high fuel consumption of such machines with an high NO x output in the exhaust gases.
- a diesel engine can be modified like this: two injection pumps, one for the oil, one for the water (air comes in the intake manifold as standard engines); modification of pump timing: second pump injects water after few degrees after maximum height of the piston exactly a fraction of time after combustion; the engine must be positioned on a reverse basis 180°, i.e. the crankshaft is placed above of the pistons. This reverse position is required to allow a formation of a level of oil at the basis of the reversed cylinder. This level must be of the quantity necessary in the burning cycle because a too large quantity will raise excessively the compression ratio.
- This set up embodiment will work also for a gasoline injected engine.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95912199A EP0746731B1 (en) | 1994-03-03 | 1995-03-03 | A method of and device for producing energy |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP94103210 | 1994-03-03 | ||
EP94103210 | 1994-03-03 | ||
EP94104951 | 1994-03-29 | ||
EP94104951 | 1994-03-29 | ||
EP95912199A EP0746731B1 (en) | 1994-03-03 | 1995-03-03 | A method of and device for producing energy |
PCT/EP1995/000786 WO1995023942A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 | 1995-03-03 | A method of and device for producing energy |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0746731A1 true EP0746731A1 (en) | 1996-12-11 |
EP0746731B1 EP0746731B1 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
Family
ID=26135498
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95912199A Expired - Lifetime EP0746731B1 (en) | 1994-03-03 | 1995-03-03 | A method of and device for producing energy |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0746731B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE184982T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU705673B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2184609C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69512388T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0746731T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2138194T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2142094C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995023942A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0895025A1 (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-02-03 | Patrick Collignon | Combustion process and apparatus for carrying out the process |
US8979525B2 (en) | 1997-11-10 | 2015-03-17 | Brambel Trading Internacional LDS | Streamlined body and combustion apparatus |
DE19749688A1 (en) | 1997-11-10 | 1999-05-12 | Gourmeli International N V | Process for burning organic fuels and burners therefor |
ITTO20110826A1 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-16 | Guido Parisi | CENTRAL DOMESTIC WITH MORE FUNCTIONS, DEVICE FOR ITS POWER SUPPLY WITH HYDROGEN AND METHOD OF FUNCTIONING OF THE SAME |
ES2522817B1 (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-06-09 | Universidade De Vigo | Heat generating system |
EP3296629A1 (en) * | 2016-09-16 | 2018-03-21 | Janet-Susan Schulze | Method and incinerator for conversion of hydrogen and atmospheric oxygen for water or hho gas to water |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR832336A (en) * | 1938-01-21 | 1938-09-26 | Catalyst used to dissociate water for the enrichment of all heavy oil burners (fuel oil) and all other liquid fuels | |
US2222575A (en) * | 1938-05-19 | 1940-11-19 | Lummus Co | Heat exchanger |
FR2293682A1 (en) * | 1974-12-05 | 1976-07-02 | Hitz Henri | Small heating furnace operating by decomposition of water - for iron and steel works, power stations, district heating and factories |
FR2301696A1 (en) * | 1975-02-18 | 1976-09-17 | Daidie Jean | Combustion energy yield improving system for furnaces - injects water vapour generated in pipe in furnace into flame |
CH585874A5 (en) * | 1975-07-04 | 1977-03-15 | Demoiseau Bernard | |
US4164202A (en) * | 1978-04-03 | 1979-08-14 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Steam generation |
US4207840A (en) * | 1978-09-14 | 1980-06-17 | Dauvergne Hector A | Oil bath boiler |
EP0023524A1 (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1981-02-11 | David Tibor Szloboda | The new method of energy, substitute for fossil and atomic fuel |
US4930454A (en) * | 1981-08-14 | 1990-06-05 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Steam generating system |
US4687491A (en) * | 1981-08-21 | 1987-08-18 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Fuel admixture for a catalytic combustor |
US4445570A (en) * | 1982-02-25 | 1984-05-01 | Retallick William B | High pressure combustor having a catalytic air preheater |
JPS6475587A (en) * | 1987-09-17 | 1989-03-22 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Production of clean and high-energy gas |
BR9201543A (en) * | 1992-04-16 | 1993-10-19 | Lopes Homero & Ass Ltda | HYDRO-OIL EMULSION BURNING PROCESS |
-
1995
- 1995-03-03 DE DE69512388T patent/DE69512388T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-03 DK DK95912199T patent/DK0746731T3/en active
- 1995-03-03 ES ES95912199T patent/ES2138194T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-03 WO PCT/EP1995/000786 patent/WO1995023942A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-03-03 AU AU19483/95A patent/AU705673B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-03-03 EP EP95912199A patent/EP0746731B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-03 RU RU96121390A patent/RU2142094C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-03 AT AT95912199T patent/ATE184982T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-03 CA CA002184609A patent/CA2184609C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9523942A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2184609A1 (en) | 1995-09-08 |
CA2184609C (en) | 2005-07-12 |
WO1995023942A1 (en) | 1995-09-08 |
DK0746731T3 (en) | 2000-03-27 |
EP0746731B1 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
DE69512388D1 (en) | 1999-10-28 |
DE69512388T2 (en) | 2000-02-24 |
ATE184982T1 (en) | 1999-10-15 |
AU705673B2 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
ES2138194T3 (en) | 2000-01-01 |
RU2142094C1 (en) | 1999-11-27 |
AU1948395A (en) | 1995-09-18 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19961002 |
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