EP0745210A1 - Structure for a firing bench - Google Patents

Structure for a firing bench

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Publication number
EP0745210A1
EP0745210A1 EP95910396A EP95910396A EP0745210A1 EP 0745210 A1 EP0745210 A1 EP 0745210A1 EP 95910396 A EP95910396 A EP 95910396A EP 95910396 A EP95910396 A EP 95910396A EP 0745210 A1 EP0745210 A1 EP 0745210A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
firing
supports
rails
firing table
distance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95910396A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0745210B1 (en
Inventor
Friedherz Becker
Andreas Böttcher
Johannes Figel
Hans-Georg Hartmann
Volker Rieck
Bernd Stender
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Riedhammer GmbH
Original Assignee
Riedhammer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Riedhammer GmbH filed Critical Riedhammer GmbH
Publication of EP0745210A1 publication Critical patent/EP0745210A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0745210B1 publication Critical patent/EP0745210B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0006—Composite supporting structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0021—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge of ceramic ware
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a structure for a firing table for receiving, in particular, ceramic fired goods such as sanitary porcelain, dishes or the like.
  • furnaces are known for firing these parts.
  • tunnel ovens and roller ovens as representatives of continuously operating ovens as well as hood ovens or bogie hearth ovens as representatives of discontinuously operating ovens.
  • the base usually consists of a kiln car, for a roller kiln, for example, a plate.
  • the various documents are collectively referred to below as the firing table.
  • the encapsulation of firing material is also known.
  • plates are placed individually in each capsule, and several capsules can be arranged one above the other. It is obvious that this method of loading a firing table is extremely complex and can usually only be done manually.
  • Supports for placing ceramic firing material are known, inter alia, from US 3,137,910 A, DE 28 44 281 AI and DE 35 16 490 AI.
  • Each individual part is placed on its own support, which can have the shape of a tripod, for example.
  • DE 27 17 784 AI describes a trolley for a tunnel kiln, the trolley having a support device for firing material, which consists of cross members with grooves. In the grooves there are rollers which form a roller plane, the rollers being rotatable via a common drive.
  • the cross beams should be made of metal.
  • the kiln can only be placed in one shift on this known trolley. Very little firing material can therefore be placed on the wagon, so the stocking density is unsatisfactory.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a firing table structure that simplifies the loading and unloading of the material to be fired, so that it can preferably be done mechanically.
  • the lowest possible mass of kiln furniture as well as the highest possible stocking density are also sought in order to be able to work in an energy-saving manner.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that, instead of an absolutely “static” firing table structure, that is to say an arrangement of the firing aids, in which each part retains its fixed place between assembly and disassembly, a “mobile” firing table structure can occur, which nevertheless has several floors can and thus enables a high stocking density.
  • One idea is to use the individual firing table levels as a means of transport.
  • the firing material or the corresponding base plate should no longer be put on or removed individually by hand or by machine.
  • the invention then relates to a structure for a firing table for receiving ceramic firing material with the following features:
  • At least four supports extend upwards from the firing table
  • At least two supports are connected to one another by a plurality of rails arranged one above the other and at a distance, in each case at least two rails arranged along a common horizontal plane run parallel and at a distance from one another,
  • the rails which are at a distance from each other on a horizontal plane, are formed with a multiplicity of bearings, for example grooves, which lie flush with one another,
  • At least two bearings that are aligned with each other serve to receive a supporting roller
  • the supports, rails and idlers are made of a ceramic, refractory material.
  • the firing table structure thus resembles a shelf with roller shelves, but the rollers here are of course not driven continuously, as will be described in more detail below.
  • the rails then run between two, three or four supports arranged in a vertical plane and lying opposite one another in pairs on a horizontal plane.
  • further supports and rails can also be provided in a vertical plane between the two vertical planes described above.
  • the rails which are spaced apart in parallel in a horizontal plane, are each formed with a plurality of bearings (for example depressions) on their upper edges and that the bearings of adjacent rails are aligned with one another, so that in at least two bearings of adjacent rails, one supporting roller each can be inserted.
  • the bearings can also have any other form which makes it possible to drive or hold the rollers when required and which allow the rollers to be easily released from the bearings.
  • the distance between the rollers and thus the distance between the depressions depends primarily on the size of the smallest part to be burned or the smallest washer used.
  • the rollers should not rotate when transporting the firing table (with structure) to, through or through this furnace, so that the fired goods cannot fall down unintentionally; on the contrary: when transporting the firing table, the aim is to have the rolls in a fixed position.
  • the firing table structure is made of fireproof anyway Materials should be built up, for example silicon carbide or materials based on SiC are proposed.
  • the support rollers the diameter of which should then be equal to or slightly smaller than the diameter of the recesses, lie securely and firmly in the recesses.
  • other cross-sectional shapes of the depressions are also possible.
  • a machine tool is brought to the firing table, which has at least one device with which at least one support roller can be gripped and set in rotation.
  • this drive device consists of a sleeve made of a material with high static friction, which is non-positively placed on the corresponding end of the idler roller and then driven. It goes without saying that not only a roller should be set in rotation, but also all idlers on a horizontal plane in one operation and with the same speed and direction of rotation. However, it may also be sufficient to drive only every second or third support roller, provided that the firing material or the support plate for the firing material is so large that it always rests on at least 2 driven rollers at the same time.
  • a roller conveyor can be connected upstream or downstream, on which the goods are pre- or post-treated.
  • a roller drive is thus brought to the firing table structure, which sets the rollers in rotary motion and thus loads or unloads the firing material directly or indirectly (via washers), with great speed, accuracy and fully automatable.
  • the individual part no longer needs to be gripped and handled individually.
  • a particular advantage is that the firing table structure is designed with a plurality of "levels", that is to say several rails run one above the other, thus forming a plurality of "facing levels” with the corresponding rails between opposite supports, which can be filled and emptied in the same way.
  • the torque transmission from the drive device to the roller (s) can also take place in another way.
  • the rollers can be slotted at the end and a corresponding tool, similar to a screwdriver, then engages in the slot for driving.
  • Bayonet closures are another option. All conceivable connection forms are available to the person skilled in the art here.
  • a drive (synchronous) at both ends optimizes the automatic loading and unloading.
  • the device can be designed so that the support rollers are raised slightly beforehand in order to overcome the static friction more easily and to keep possible material wear low.
  • a particular advantage of the new construction described for a firing table such as a tunnel kiln car is that it is possible for the first time to move the firing material over a large part of the preparation until it is removed after the fire, using a largely uniform transport system, albeit the other loading and unloading devices in the factory are designed and adapted accordingly.
  • the structure has several floors and is thus adapted to the other storage means (shelves) in operation.
  • Fig. 1 a top view of the firing table structure
  • Fig. 2 a view from the front
  • Fig. 3 a view from the side
  • Fig. 4 a side view of a rail
  • a total of 6 supports 12 a-f project vertically upwards from a firing table 10.
  • the supports 12 a-c like the supports 12 d-f, are each arranged in a vertical plane.
  • the distance between the supports 12 a, d or 12 c, f is the same (and corresponds approximately to the length L of the kiln car 10).
  • the distance between the supports 12 a, c and 12 d-f is the same (and corresponds approximately to the width B of the kiln car 10).
  • the corner supports 12 a, c, d and f thus span a rectangle between them.
  • FIG. 2 further show the rails 14 running between the supports 12 ac or 12 df, the depressions 14v (bearing) on the upper edge 14o of which can best be seen in FIG.
  • a plurality of rails 14 are spaced one above the other along each support 12a-f. In this way, several trim levels are formed. The distance can be adjusted from case to case and is adapted to the respective circumstances. For example, if a level is used to hold coffee pots, the distance to the level above will be greater than that for a level that will accommodate (flat) plates.
  • the rails 14 are firmly connected to the supports 12, either by means of appropriate connecting means, such as pins, by gluing or the like.
  • appropriate connecting means such as pins, by gluing or the like.
  • a one-piece design of rails and supports is also possible in principle.
  • the supports and rails can in principle have any cross-section and consist of a wide variety of materials. In any case, the goal is to need as little mass as necessary in order to heat up as little kiln aids as possible. On the other hand, the mechanical stability must be sufficient. SiC-based materials have proven their worth.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a structure for a firing bench to accept ceramic items to be fired.

Description

Aufbau für einen Brenntisch Setup for a burning table
B e s c h r e i b u n gDescription
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Aufbau für einen Brenntisch zur Aufnahme von insbesondere keramischem Brenngut wie Sanitärpor¬ zellan, Geschirr oder dergleichen.The invention relates to a structure for a firing table for receiving, in particular, ceramic fired goods such as sanitary porcelain, dishes or the like.
Zum Brennen dieser Teile sind verschiedene Ofentypen bekannt. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind Tunnelöfen und Rollenöfen als Vertreter kontinuierlich arbeitender Öfen sowie Haubenöfen oder Herdwagenöfen als Vertreter diskontinuierlich arbeitender Öfen.Various types of furnaces are known for firing these parts. Of particular importance are tunnel ovens and roller ovens as representatives of continuously operating ovens as well as hood ovens or bogie hearth ovens as representatives of discontinuously operating ovens.
Insbesondere beim Brennen von empfindlichem Brenngut, wie zum Beispiel Porzellan, besteht ein besonderes Problem im Be- und Entladen des Brenngutes auf oder von einer entsprechenden Unterlage. Die Unterlage besteht bei einem Tunnelofen in der Regel aus einem Ofenwagen, bei einem Rollenofen zum Beispiel aus einer Platte. Nachstehend werden die verschiedenen Unterlagen zusammenfassend als Brenntisch bezeichnet.In particular when burning sensitive items, such as porcelain, there is a particular problem in loading and unloading the items on or from a corresponding base. For a tunnel kiln, the base usually consists of a kiln car, for a roller kiln, for example, a plate. The various documents are collectively referred to below as the firing table.
Zu diesem Zweck sind verschiedene Konstruktionen bekannt, die im wesentlichen aus Stützen bestehen, auf denen Platten aufliegen, auf die das Brenngut aufgesetzt wird. Mehrere solcher Einheiten aus Stützen und Platten werden übereinander konfektioniert (Prospekt der Göbel-Werk GmbH, Großalmerode, Deutschland, 1985). In jedem Fall erfolgt das Be- und Entladen manuell. Das Aufsetzen und Entnehmen des Brenngutes ist besonders für die mittig aufliegenden Brennteile schwierig, da der Abstand zwischen den einzelnen Platten zur Erhöhung der aufnehmbaren Brenngutmenge möglichst klein gehalten wird. Zum Teil ist es sogar notwendig, die sogenannten Brennhilfsmittel, also die Stützen und Platten, für jeden Ofendurchgang neu aufzubauen und am Ofenende wieder zu demontieren.For this purpose, various constructions are known, which essentially consist of supports on which plates rest on which the firing material is placed. Several such units made of supports and plates are assembled one above the other (brochure of Göbel-Werk GmbH, Großalmerode, Germany, 1985). In any case, loading and unloading is done manually. The placement and removal of the firing material is particularly difficult for the central firing parts, since the distance between the individual plates is kept as small as possible to increase the amount of firing material that can be accommodated. In some cases, it is even necessary to rebuild the so-called kiln furniture, i.e. the supports and plates, for each furnace pass and to dismantle it again at the end of the furnace.
Neben dem vorgenannten Brenntischbaufbau ist auch die Kapselung von Brenngut bekannt. Dabei werden zum Beispiel Teller einzeln jeweils in eine Kapsel eingelegt, wobei mehrere Kapseln über¬ einander angeordnet werden können. Es ist offensichtlich, daß auch dieses Verfahren zum Bestücken eines Brennguttisches außerordentlich aufwendig ist und in der Regel nur manuell erfolgen kann.In addition to the aforementioned firing table construction, the encapsulation of firing material is also known. For example, plates are placed individually in each capsule, and several capsules can be arranged one above the other. It is obvious that this method of loading a firing table is extremely complex and can usually only be done manually.
Stützen zum Aufsetzen von keramischem Brenngut sind unter anderem aus den US 3,137,910 A, DE 28 44 281 AI und DE 35 16 490 AI bekannt. Dabei wird jedes einzelne Teil auf eine eigene Stütze, die beispielsweise die Form eines Dreibeins haben kann, gestellt.Supports for placing ceramic firing material are known, inter alia, from US 3,137,910 A, DE 28 44 281 AI and DE 35 16 490 AI. Each individual part is placed on its own support, which can have the shape of a tripod, for example.
Die DE 27 17 784 AI beschreibt einen Wagen für einen Tunnelofen, wobei der Wagen eine Auflagevorrichtung für Brenngut aufweist, die aus Querträgern mit Nuten besteht. In den Nuten liegen Walzen, die eine Rollenebene bilden, wobei die Walzen über einen gemeinsamen Antrieb drehbar sind. Die Querträger sollen aus Metall bestehen. Auf diesen bekannten Wagen kann das Brenngut nur in einer Schicht aufgelegt werden. Es kann also nur sehr wenig Brenngut auf den Wagen aufgesetzt werden, die Besatzdichte ist deshalb unbefriedigend. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Brenntischaufbau anzubieten, der die Be- und Entladung des Brenngutes vereinfacht und zwar so, daß diese vorzugsweise maschinell erfolgen kann. Eine möglichst geringe Masse an Brennhilfsmitteln sowie eine möglichst hohe Besatzdichte sind ebenfalls angestrebt, um energiesparend arbeiten zu können.DE 27 17 784 AI describes a trolley for a tunnel kiln, the trolley having a support device for firing material, which consists of cross members with grooves. In the grooves there are rollers which form a roller plane, the rollers being rotatable via a common drive. The cross beams should be made of metal. The kiln can only be placed in one shift on this known trolley. Very little firing material can therefore be placed on the wagon, so the stocking density is unsatisfactory. The invention has for its object to provide a firing table structure that simplifies the loading and unloading of the material to be fired, so that it can preferably be done mechanically. The lowest possible mass of kiln furniture as well as the highest possible stocking density are also sought in order to be able to work in an energy-saving manner.
Der Erfindung liegt die Überlegung zugrunde, daß anstelle eines absolut "statischen" Brenntischaufbaus, also einer Anordnung der Brennhilfsmittel, bei der jedes Teil zwischen Montage und Demontage seinen festen Platz behält, ein "mobiler" Brenntisch¬ aufbau treten kann, der trotzdem mehrere Etagen aufweisen kann und so eine hohe Besatzdichte ermöglicht.The invention is based on the consideration that, instead of an absolutely "static" firing table structure, that is to say an arrangement of the firing aids, in which each part retains its fixed place between assembly and disassembly, a "mobile" firing table structure can occur, which nevertheless has several floors can and thus enables a high stocking density.
Ein Gedanke ist es dabei, die einzelnen Brenntischebenen jeweils als Transportmittel zu nutzen.One idea is to use the individual firing table levels as a means of transport.
Das Brenngut oder die entsprechende Unterlegsplatte soll nicht mehr einzeln von Hand oder maschinell aufgesetzt beziehungsweise abgenommen werden.The firing material or the corresponding base plate should no longer be put on or removed individually by hand or by machine.
Erreicht werden kann dies bei dem neuen Brenntischaufbau dadurch, daß das Brenngut selbst oder die entsprechende Unterlegsplatte beim Be- und Entladen auf die Ebenen oder von den Ebenen des Brenntischaufbaus gleitet.This can be achieved with the new firing table structure in that the firing material itself or the corresponding base plate slides onto or off the levels of the firing table structure during loading and unloading.
In ihrer allgemeinsten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindung danach einen Aufbau für einen Brenntisch zur Aufnahme von keramischem Brenngut mit folgenden Merkmalen:In its most general embodiment, the invention then relates to a structure for a firing table for receiving ceramic firing material with the following features:
vom Brenntisch erstrecken sich mindestens vier Stützen im Abstand zueinander nach oben,at least four supports extend upwards from the firing table,
jeweils mindestens zwei Stützen sind durch mehrere, übereinander und mit Abstand angeordnete Schienen miteinander verbunden, jeweils mindestens zwei, entlang einer gemeinsamen horizontalen Ebene angeordnete Schienen verlaufen parallel im Abstand zueinander,in each case at least two supports are connected to one another by a plurality of rails arranged one above the other and at a distance, in each case at least two rails arranged along a common horizontal plane run parallel and at a distance from one another,
die sich jeweils auf einer horizontalen Ebene im Abstand gegenüberliegenden Schienen sind mit einer Vielzahl von Lagern, zum Beispiel Nuten, ausgebildet, die fluchtend zueinander gegen¬ überliegen,the rails, which are at a distance from each other on a horizontal plane, are formed with a multiplicity of bearings, for example grooves, which lie flush with one another,
jeweils mindestens zwei, miteinander fluchtende Lager dienen zur Aufnahme einer Tragrolle,at least two bearings that are aligned with each other serve to receive a supporting roller,
die Stützen, Schienen und Tragrollen bestehen aus einem keramischen, feuerfesten Werkstoff.the supports, rails and idlers are made of a ceramic, refractory material.
Damit ähnelt der Brenntischaufbau einem Regal mit Rollenböden, wobei die Rollen hier aber natürlich nicht stetig angetrieben werden, wie nachstehend noch näher beschrieben wird.The firing table structure thus resembles a shelf with roller shelves, but the rollers here are of course not driven continuously, as will be described in more detail below.
Im Normalfall werden zum Beispiel vier, sechs oder acht Stützen, je nach Größe des Brenntisches, in zwei Reihen beabstandet zueinander angeordnet, wobei die äußeren vier Stützen ein Rechteck begrenzen, welches im wesentlichen der Form und Größe des Brenntisches entspricht. Auch partielle Aufteilungen sind möglich.Normally, for example, four, six or eight supports, depending on the size of the firing table, are arranged in two rows at a distance from one another, the outer four supports delimiting a rectangle which essentially corresponds to the shape and size of the firing table. Partial division is also possible.
Entsprechend verlaufen die Schienen dann jeweils zwischen zwei, drei oder vier, in einer vertikalen Ebene angeordneten Stützen und paarweise sich auf einer horizontalen Ebene gegenüberliegend. Ebenso können aber ohne weiteres auch in einer vertikalen Ebene zwischen den zuvor beschriebenen beiden vertikalen Ebenen weitere Stützen und Schienen vorgesehen werden. Für den Brenntischaufbau ist wichtig, daß die in einer horizontalen Ebene parallel beabstandeten Schienen jeweils mit einer Vielzahl von Lagern (z.B. Vertiefungen) auf ihren Oberkanten ausgebildet sind und die Lager benachbarter Schienen miteinander fluchten, so daß in mindestens zwei Lager von benachbarten Schienen jeweils eine Tragrolle eingelegt werden kann. Neben der genannten Form von Vertiefungen können die Lager auch jede andere Form aufweisen, die es ermöglicht, die Rollen bei Bedarf anzutreiben beziehungsweise festzuhalten und die ein einfaches Lösen der Rollen aus den Lagern ermöglichen.Correspondingly, the rails then run between two, three or four supports arranged in a vertical plane and lying opposite one another in pairs on a horizontal plane. Likewise, however, further supports and rails can also be provided in a vertical plane between the two vertical planes described above. It is important for the firing table structure that the rails, which are spaced apart in parallel in a horizontal plane, are each formed with a plurality of bearings (for example depressions) on their upper edges and that the bearings of adjacent rails are aligned with one another, so that in at least two bearings of adjacent rails, one supporting roller each can be inserted. In addition to the mentioned form of depressions, the bearings can also have any other form which makes it possible to drive or hold the rollers when required and which allow the rollers to be easily released from the bearings.
Es liegt nicht nur im Rahmen der Erfindung sondern stellt eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform dar, auf diese Weise eine Vielzahl von Tragrollen nebeneinander beziehungsweise hintereinander in einer horizontalen Ebene anzuordnen, um so - ähnlich wie mit Hilfe der Rollen eines Rollenofens - eine Ebene zur Aufnahme des Brenngutes bereitzustellen.It is not only within the scope of the invention but represents an advantageous embodiment in this way to arrange a plurality of support rollers side by side or one behind the other in a horizontal plane, so as to provide a level for receiving the firing material, similar to the roles of a roller furnace .
Insoweit richtet sich der Abstand der Rollen und damit der Abstand der Vertiefungen vor allem nach der Größe des kleinsten zu brennenden Teils oder der kleinsten verwendeten Unterlegsplatte.In this respect, the distance between the rollers and thus the distance between the depressions depends primarily on the size of the smallest part to be burned or the smallest washer used.
Die Rollen sollen sich beim Transport des Brenntisches (mit Aufbau) zu einem Ofen, durch diesen hindurch oder aus diesem heraus möglichst nicht drehen, damit das Brenngut nicht unbeabsichtigt herabfallen kann; im Gegenteil: beim Transport des Brenntisches ist eine ortfeste Lage der Rollen angestrebt.The rollers should not rotate when transporting the firing table (with structure) to, through or through this furnace, so that the fired goods cannot fall down unintentionally; on the contrary: when transporting the firing table, the aim is to have the rolls in a fixed position.
Dies wird zum Beispiel dadurch erreicht, daß als Schienen- und Rollenmaterial Werkstoffe mit hoher Oberflächenrauhigkeit verwendet werden. Da der Brenntischaufbau ohnehin aus feuerfesten Werkstoffen aufgebaut sein soll, werden zum Beispiel Siliciumcarbid oder Werkstoffe auf Basis SiC vorgeschlagen.This is achieved, for example, by using materials with high surface roughness as the rail and roller material. Since the firing table structure is made of fireproof anyway Materials should be built up, for example silicon carbide or materials based on SiC are proposed.
Aus demselben Grund bietet es sich auch an, den Brenntischaufbau so zu gestalten, daß die Tragrollen in Transportrichtung des Ofenwagens verlaufen und entsprechend die Be- und Entladung senkrecht dazu erfolgt.For the same reason, it also makes sense to design the firing table structure in such a way that the support rollers run in the direction of transport of the kiln car and the loading and unloading takes place perpendicularly to it.
Sind die Lager (Vertiefungen) der Schienen zum Beispiel als Halbkreis gestaltet liegen die Tragrollen, deren Durchmesser dann gleich oder etwas kleiner als der Durchmesser der Vertiefungen sein sollte, sicher und orstfest in den Vertiefungen ein. Natürlich sind auch andere Querschnittformen der Vertiefungen möglich.If the bearings (recesses) of the rails are designed, for example, as a semicircle, the support rollers, the diameter of which should then be equal to or slightly smaller than the diameter of the recesses, lie securely and firmly in the recesses. Of course, other cross-sectional shapes of the depressions are also possible.
Sicherzustellen ist eine verdrehfreie Lagerung im Normalfall und eine leichte Ankopplungsmöglichkeit an ein Antriebsorgan zum Be- und Entladen.Normally, rotation-free storage and easy connection to a drive element for loading and unloading must be ensured.
Ebenso sollen sich die Rollen aber auch leicht aus den Vertiefungen nach oben herausnehmen lassen. Dies ist für die Be- und Entladung des beschriebenen Brenntischaufbaus mit Ware wichtig, wie nun beschrieben wird:Likewise, the roles should also be easy to remove from the wells upwards. This is important for loading and unloading the described firing table assembly with goods, as will now be described:
Zu diesem Zweck wird ein maschinelles Werkzeug an den Brenntisch gebracht, welches mindestens eine Einrichtung aufweist, mit der mindestens eine Tragrolle ergriffen und in Rotationsbewegung versetzt werden kann.For this purpose, a machine tool is brought to the firing table, which has at least one device with which at least one support roller can be gripped and set in rotation.
Im einfachsten Fall besteht diese Antriebseinrichtung aus einer Hülse aus einem Material hoher Haftreibung, die kraftschlüssig auf das entsprechende Tragrollenende aufgesetzt und danach angetrieben wird. Es ist selbstverständlich, daß nicht nur eine Rolle so in Drehbewegung versetzt werden soll, sondern möglich alle Tragrollen einer horizontalen Ebene in einem Arbeitsgang und mit gleicher Drehgeschwindigkeit und Drehrichtung. Es kann aber auch genügen, nur jede zweite oder dritte Tragrolle anzutreiben, soweit das Brenngut beziehungsweise die Auflageplatte für das Brenngut so groß ist, daß es immer auf mindestens 2 angetriebenen Rollen gleichzeitig aufliegt.In the simplest case, this drive device consists of a sleeve made of a material with high static friction, which is non-positively placed on the corresponding end of the idler roller and then driven. It goes without saying that not only a roller should be set in rotation, but also all idlers on a horizontal plane in one operation and with the same speed and direction of rotation. However, it may also be sufficient to drive only every second or third support roller, provided that the firing material or the support plate for the firing material is so large that it always rests on at least 2 driven rollers at the same time.
Auf diese Weise kann das Brenngut - wie auf einer konventionellen Rollenbahn - auf den Brenntischaufbau gefördert oder von diesem runter befördert werden. Dabei kann eine Rollenbahn vor- oder nachgeschaltet werden, auf der das Gut vor- oder nachbehandelt wird.In this way, the kiln can - like on a conventional roller conveyor - be conveyed to or from the firing table assembly. A roller conveyor can be connected upstream or downstream, on which the goods are pre- or post-treated.
Erfindungsgemäß wird also ein Rollenantrieb an den Brenntischaufbau gebracht, der die Rollen in Drehbewegung versetzt und so das Brenngut unmittelbar oder mittelbar (über Unterlegsplatten) be- oder entlädt, und zwar mit großer Geschwindigkeit, Genauigkeit und voll automatisierbar. Das Einzelteil braucht nicht mehr einzeln ergriffen und behandelt zu werden.According to the invention, a roller drive is thus brought to the firing table structure, which sets the rollers in rotary motion and thus loads or unloads the firing material directly or indirectly (via washers), with great speed, accuracy and fully automatable. The individual part no longer needs to be gripped and handled individually.
Ein besonderer Vorteil ist, daß der Brenntischaufbau mit mehreren "Ebenen" ausgebildet ist, also jeweils mehrere Schienen übereinander verlaufen und so mit den korrespondierenden Schienen zwischen gegenüberliegenden Stützen mehrere "Besatzebenen" ausbilden, die auf gleiche Art und Weise befüllt und geleert werden können.A particular advantage is that the firing table structure is designed with a plurality of "levels", that is to say several rails run one above the other, thus forming a plurality of "facing levels" with the corresponding rails between opposite supports, which can be filled and emptied in the same way.
Die Drehmomentenübertragung von der Antriebseinrichtung auf die Rolle(n) kann auch auf anderem Wege erfolgen. Zum Beispiel können die Rollen endseitig geschlitzt sein und ein korrespondierendes Werkzeug, ähnlich einem Schraubenzieher, greift dann zum Antrieb in den Schlitz ein. Weitere Möglichkeiten bilden Bayonettverschlüsse. Dem Fachmann stehen hier alle nur denkbaren Verbindungsformen zur Verfügung.The torque transmission from the drive device to the roller (s) can also take place in another way. For example, the rollers can be slotted at the end and a corresponding tool, similar to a screwdriver, then engages in the slot for driving. Bayonet closures are another option. All conceivable connection forms are available to the person skilled in the art here.
Von Vorteil ist es auf jeden Fall, wenn die anzutreibenden Enden der Tragrollen über die jeweilige Auflageschiene nach außen vorstehen, weil die Verbindung mit der Antriebseinrichtung so erleichtert wird.In any case, it is advantageous if the ends of the support rollers to be driven protrude outward beyond the respective support rail, because the connection to the drive device is thus facilitated.
Ein Antrieb (synchron) an beiden Enden optimiert die automatische Be- und Entladung.A drive (synchronous) at both ends optimizes the automatic loading and unloading.
Dabei kann die Einrichtung so ausgelegt sein, daß die Tragrollen zuvor geringfügig angehoben werden, um die Haftreibung leichter zu überwinden und einen möglichen Materialverschleiß gering zu halten.The device can be designed so that the support rollers are raised slightly beforehand in order to overcome the static friction more easily and to keep possible material wear low.
Dem Fachmann stehen auch hier aus anderen Gebieten des Maschinen¬ baus entsprechende Vorrrichtungen, zum Beispiel Roboter, zur Verfügung, die mit hoher Präzision arbeiten und den gewünschten Rollenantrieb sicherstellen.Appropriate devices, for example robots, are also available to the person skilled in the art from other areas of mechanical engineering, which work with high precision and ensure the desired roller drive.
Ein besonderer Vorteil des beschriebenen neuen Aufbaus für einen Brenntisch wie einen Tunnelofen-Wagen, besteht auch darin, daß es erstmals möglich wird, das Brenngut über den größten Teil der Aufbereitung bis zur Entnahme nach dem Brand über ein weitestgehend einheitliches Transportsystem zu bewegen, wenn auch die übrigen Be- und Entladevorrichtungen im Werk entsprechend ausgelegt und angepaßt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang spielt eine große Rolle, daß der Aufbau mehrere Etagen aufweist und so an die übrigen Lagermittel (Regale) im Betrieb angepaßt ist. So kann das Brenngut, zum Beispiel Porzellan, von der Trocknung (nach der Herstellung), über die Glasierstation, diverse Speicher, eine Beladestation, den Ofen bis zur Entladung, Nachbearbeitung und Verpackung auf Rollenbahnen oder Rollenbahnen-ähnlichen Einrichtung, wie dem beschriebenen Brenntisch-Aufbau befördert werden.A particular advantage of the new construction described for a firing table such as a tunnel kiln car is that it is possible for the first time to move the firing material over a large part of the preparation until it is removed after the fire, using a largely uniform transport system, albeit the other loading and unloading devices in the factory are designed and adapted accordingly. In this context, it plays a major role that the structure has several floors and is thus adapted to the other storage means (shelves) in operation. For example, the kiln, for example porcelain, can be dried (after production), via the glazing station, various storage units, a loading station, the oven through to unloading, post-processing and packaging on roller conveyors or roller conveyor-like devices, such as the firing table described. Body to be promoted.
Der Brenntischaufbau wird nachstehend anhand einer zeichnerischen Darstellung weiter erläutert. Dabei zeigen:The firing table structure is further explained below with the aid of a drawing. Show:
Fig. 1: eine Aufsicht auf den Brenntisch-AufbauFig. 1: a top view of the firing table structure
Fig. 2: eine Ansicht von vorneFig. 2: a view from the front
Fig. 3: eine Ansicht von der SeiteFig. 3: a view from the side
Fig. 4: eine Seitenansicht einer SchieneFig. 4: a side view of a rail
jeweils in stark schematisierter Darstellung.each in a highly schematic representation.
Gemäß den Figuren stehen insgesamt 6 Stützen 12 a-f von einem Brenntisch 10 senkrecht nach oben ab. Die Stützen 12 a-c sind ebenso wie die Stützen 12 d-f in jeweils einer vertikalen Ebene angeordnet. Der Abstand der Stützen 12 a,d oder 12 c,f ist gleich (und entspricht in etwa der Länge L des Ofenwagens 10). Ebenso ist der Abstand der Stützen 12 a,c und 12 d-f gleich (und entspricht in etwa der Breite B des Ofenwagens 10). Die Eckstützen 12 a,c,d und f spannen so zwischen sich ein Rechteck auf.According to the figures, a total of 6 supports 12 a-f project vertically upwards from a firing table 10. The supports 12 a-c, like the supports 12 d-f, are each arranged in a vertical plane. The distance between the supports 12 a, d or 12 c, f is the same (and corresponds approximately to the length L of the kiln car 10). Likewise, the distance between the supports 12 a, c and 12 d-f is the same (and corresponds approximately to the width B of the kiln car 10). The corner supports 12 a, c, d and f thus span a rectangle between them.
Die Figuren, insbesondere Figur 2, zeigen weiter die zwischen den Stützen 12 a-c bzw. 12 d-f verlaufenden Schienen 14, deren Vertiefungen 14v (Lager) auf der Oberkante 14o sich am besten Figur 4 entnehmen läßt. Entlang jeder Stütze 12a-f sind mehrere Schienen 14 mit Abstand übereinander angeordnet. So werden mehrere Besatzebenen ausge¬ bildet. Der Abstand ist von Fall zu Fall einstellbar und wird den jeweiligen Verhältnissen angepaßt. Dient eine Ebene zum Beispiel zur Aufnahme von Kaffekannen, wird der Abstand zur darüberliegen- den Ebene größer sein als bei einer Ebene, die zur Aufnahme von (flachen) Tellern dient.The figures, in particular FIG. 2, further show the rails 14 running between the supports 12 ac or 12 df, the depressions 14v (bearing) on the upper edge 14o of which can best be seen in FIG. A plurality of rails 14 are spaced one above the other along each support 12a-f. In this way, several trim levels are formed. The distance can be adjusted from case to case and is adapted to the respective circumstances. For example, if a level is used to hold coffee pots, the distance to the level above will be greater than that for a level that will accommodate (flat) plates.
Die Schienen 14 sind fest mit den Stützen 12 verbunden, entweder durch entsprechende Verbindungsmittel, wie Stifte, durch Verklebung oder dergleichen. Auch eine einteilige Ausbildung von Schienen und Stützen ist prinzipiell möglich.The rails 14 are firmly connected to the supports 12, either by means of appropriate connecting means, such as pins, by gluing or the like. A one-piece design of rails and supports is also possible in principle.
Die Stützen und Schienen können grundsätzlich beliebige Querschnitte haben und aus unterschiedlichsten Werkstoffen bestehen. Ziel ist es in jedem Fall, sowenig Masse wie notwendig zu benötigen, um möglichst wenig Brennhilfsmittel aufheizen zu müssen. Andererseits muß die mechanische Stabilität ausreichend sein. Werkstoffe auf Basis SiC haben sich bewährt.The supports and rails can in principle have any cross-section and consist of a wide variety of materials. In any case, the goal is to need as little mass as necessary in order to heat up as little kiln aids as possible. On the other hand, the mechanical stability must be sufficient. SiC-based materials have proven their worth.
Weiter läßt sich den Figuren entnehmen, daß jeweils in paarweise sich gegenüberliegenden Vertiefungen 14v Tragrollen 16 einliegen, die in Transportrichtung des Ofenwagens (Pfeil T in Figur 1) ausgerichtet sind und dabei die Schienen 14 endseitig überragen.It can also be seen from the figures that in pairs of opposing recesses 14v there are support rollers 16 which are aligned in the direction of transport of the kiln car (arrow T in FIG. 1) and thereby project beyond the rails 14 at the end.
Entsprechend der vorstehenden Beschreibung von Be-. und Entladung des Brenntischaufbaus erfolgt diese hier senkrecht zur Transportrichtung T des Ofenwagens (Pfeile X=Beladen und Y=Entladen in Figur 1). According to the above description of loading. and unloading of the firing table assembly takes place here perpendicular to the transport direction T of the kiln car (arrows X = loading and Y = unloading in FIG. 1).

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h eAufbau für einen Brenntisch Patent claims for a firing table
1. Aufbau für einen Brenntisch (10) zur Aufnahme von kera¬ mischem Brenngut mit folgenden Merkmalen:1. Structure for a firing table (10) for receiving ceramic firing material with the following features:
1.1 vom Brenntisch (10) erstrecken sich mindestens vier Stützen (12) im Abstand zueinander nach oben,1.1 at least four supports (12) extend from the firing table (10) at a distance from one another,
1.2 jeweils mindestens zwei Stützen (12) sind durch mehrere, übereinander und mit Abstand angeordnete Schienen (14) verbunden,1.2 in each case at least two supports (12) are connected by a plurality of rails (14) arranged one above the other and at a distance,
1.3 jeweils mindestens zwei, auf einer gemeinsamen horizontalen Ebene angeordnete Schienen (14) verlaufen parallel im Abstand zueinander,1.3 at least two rails (14) arranged on a common horizontal plane run parallel and at a distance from one another,
1.4 die sich jeweils auf einer horizontalen Ebene im Ab¬ stand gegenüberliegenden Schienen (14) sind mit einer Vielzahl von Lagern (14v) ausgebildet, die fluchtend gegenüberliegen,1.4 the rails (14), which are opposite each other on a horizontal plane at a distance, are formed with a plurality of bearings (14v), which are aligned opposite one another,
1.5 jeweils mindestens zwei, miteinander fluchtende Lager (14v) dienen zur Aufnahem einer Tragrolle (16),1.5 in each case at least two bearings (14v) which are aligned with one another serve to receive a support roller (16),
1.6 die Stützen (12), Schienen (14) und Tragrollen (16) bestehen aus einem keramischen, feuerfesten Werk¬ stoff. 1.6 the supports (12), rails (14) and support rollers (16) consist of a ceramic, refractory material.
EP95910396A 1994-02-18 1995-02-16 Structure for a firing bench Expired - Lifetime EP0745210B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4405269A DE4405269C1 (en) 1994-02-18 1994-02-18 Setup for a burning table
DE4405269 1994-02-18
PCT/DE1995/000189 WO1995022733A1 (en) 1994-02-18 1995-02-16 Structure for a firing bench

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0745210A1 true EP0745210A1 (en) 1996-12-04
EP0745210B1 EP0745210B1 (en) 1998-01-07

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EP95910396A Expired - Lifetime EP0745210B1 (en) 1994-02-18 1995-02-16 Structure for a firing bench

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EP (1) EP0745210B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4405269C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995022733A1 (en)

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DE102005003501B4 (en) * 2005-01-25 2014-09-04 Saint-Gobain Industriekeramik Rödental GmbH Device for supporting, stacking and transporting combustible material
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JP4787308B2 (en) * 2008-12-01 2011-10-05 日本碍子株式会社 Shelves for firing
MX2016004321A (en) 2013-10-07 2016-07-08 Saint Gobain Ceramics Refractory article.

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Also Published As

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US5785519A (en) 1998-07-28
EP0745210B1 (en) 1998-01-07
DE4405269C1 (en) 1995-08-17
WO1995022733A1 (en) 1995-08-24
DE59501220D1 (en) 1998-02-12

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