EP0740735A1

EP0740735A1 - Door closer

Info

Publication number: EP0740735A1
Application number: EP95905610A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerhard SCHRÖDER; Dieter Mauckner
Original assignee: Gretsch Unitas GmbH; Gretsch Unitas GmbH Baubeschlaege
Current assignee: Gretsch Unitas GmbH; Gretsch Unitas GmbH Baubeschlaege
Priority date: 1994-01-19
Filing date: 1994-12-29
Publication date: 1996-11-06
Anticipated expiration: 2014-12-29
Also published as: ES2119384T3; EP0740735B1; WO1995020090A1

Abstract

In prior art door closers the closing piston, the damping piston and the closing drive components acting therewith are made of metal. Their inherent weight is therefore disadvantageously great and they are complex and costly to produce. To eliminate these drawbacks, at least the damping piston (14) of the novel door closer is made of plastic.

Description

Door closer

The invention relates to a door locker with a locking piston guided in a door closer housing and displaceable via a locking gear with a rotatable closer shaft when the associated door leaf is opened against a restoring force, the closer shaft having an actuating device arranged between the door leaf and the fixed door frame area Power transmission is connected between the door leaf and the door frame area and with a damping piston which is displaced in the same direction in the door ski housing with the closing piston. In known generic door ski shooters, the ski pistons, the damping pistons and the parts of the ski transmission cooperating therewith are made of metal, preferably of steel. In order to reduce the friction occurring between the inner wall of the housing and the circumferential surface of the pistons guided in the housing, closing and damping pistons are known to be provided with friction-reducing plastic on their guide surfaces. In the case of known hydraulically damped door closers, the synthetic resin supports on the piston also serve to seal the gap remaining between the housing inner wall and the piston circumferential surface. The use of further plastic parts on locking or damping pistons and / or on locking mechanisms of door ski iesers is not known.

Because of the choice of metallic materials for the locking piston, the damping piston and for the parts of the slide mechanism, the known door closers disadvantageously have a high dead weight. In addition, the manufacture of the above-mentioned components of known door closers is associated with a great manufacturing outlay and is correspondingly cost-intensive. The blanks for the common pistons and gear parts are usually made by drop forging. The locking and damping pistons must be turned and hardened on their circumferential surfaces. When using toothed wheel gears as locking gears, the teeth of the blanks must also be cleared as part of complex machining measures. The hydraulically damped door closers must also have the guide surfaces of the pistons and the associated surfaces Inner wall of the door handle housing are ground so that a sufficient sealing effect can be achieved on the contact surfaces of the piston and door closer housing without a separate sealing element.

The invention is based on the object of creating a door skier who can be produced with little production technology and economic outlay and which is at the same time characterized by a low weight.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that at least the damping piston on door closers of the type mentioned at the beginning is made of plastic. As a plastic part 1, the damping piston of the door handle according to the invention can be produced, for example, in an injection molding process in a simple and cost-effective manner. When using appropriate, easily machinable plastics, the machining of the damping piston also requires only little effort. The strength and thus the load-bearing capacity of the door closer element mentioned can also be influenced by the choice of the plastic used. Because of the relatively low specific weight of the piston materials, the door operator according to the invention has an extremely low weight. In addition, if the damping piston is designed to be plastic-compatible, recesses and / or depressions can be provided in particular on its circumferential surface. This opens up the possibility of minimizing the use of materials in door closers according to the invention and thus to reduce both the weight and the manufacturing costs.

To an even greater extent, the advantages mentioned, that is to say a reduction in the production-related and economic production outlay and a reduction in the dead weight, result in a preferred embodiment of the door closer according to the invention, which is characterized in that the locking piston is also made of plastic. With regard to the manufacturing processes to be used and the materials to be used, the above statements relating to damping pistons apply correspondingly to locking pistons of door closers according to the invention.

In the case of a further advantageous embodiment of the door closer according to the invention, in which the firing gear has a pinion which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the firing shaft and which meshes on its toothing with a counter toothing via which the damping piston and the closing piston are connected to one another, it is provided that at least part of the closing shaft and / or the pinion and / or the counter-toothing is made of plastic. This measure allows the manufacturing technology and economic outlay associated with door closer production to be reduced even further. The resulting door closer dead weight is minimized. Since plastics are nowadays available which due to their strength properties are also suitable as materials for the parts of the slide mechanism which are primarily loaded during operation of the door closer, The high level of operational safety known from conventional door ski operators on door ski operators according to the invention remains unrestricted.

In principle, it is expedient to manufacture the pinion including the pinion toothing and / or the damping piston, the closing piston and the counter toothing provided between them for the pinion, in each case consistently of plastic. An advantageous embodiment of the door closer according to the invention, however, is characterized in that the pinion is divided parallel to the plane of its movement and / or the counter toothing in the direction of its displacement and at least part of the pinion or at least part of the counter toothing is made of metal and at least one part consists of plastic. In the case of such door closer elements in a composite construction, the use of metal parts results in a reinforcement of the gear teeth, which are primarily loaded during operation of the door closer. As a result, relatively inexpensive plastics of reduced strength can be used for the plastic parts of pinion and counter toothing. The metal parts can also be produced as stamped parts with little effort. Inserted into the injection mold for the pinion or for the structural unit consisting of damping pistons, closing pistons and counter-toothing, the punched part in question can be injection molded with plastic without any problems. Since the use of metal is limited to strip-like parts, the dead weight of the door closer increases compared to embodiments with Existing pinions and counter-teeth only slight.

It has proven to be particularly expedient for the pinion and / or the counter-toothing to have three parts on a door lock according to the invention with a pinion or with a counter-toothing in composite construction, one part on both sides of a plastic part made of metal or a part made of plastic is arranged on both sides of a part made of metal. The first-mentioned variant is preferred for door skiers on whom relatively large forces are to be transmitted between the piston and pinion. In these cases, for reasons of strength, it is advantageous if the metal part of the pinion or the counter toothing has a relatively large overall width and, as a result, extensive component reinforcement can be achieved. In particular for manufacturing reasons, it is expedient to distribute the total width of the metal part of the pinion and counter toothing required in each case over two strips, each with half the total metal width. The punching out of the metal parts is thereby made considerably easier. On door skis where only relatively small forces occur, pinion and / or counter-toothing is preferred, in which a part made of plastic is arranged on both sides of a part made of metal.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the damping piston and the plastic closing piston and, if appropriate, the part of the counterpart made of plastic Tooth and optionally the plastic part of the pinion and the closer shaft are each made in one piece. All plastic parts on the assembly consisting of pinion and shooter shaft on the one hand and on the counter toothing on the other hand can in this case be produced together with the damping and closing pistons in one operation.

The force acting between the door leaf and the door frame area during operation of the door closer is transmitted via the closer shaft and, if appropriate, the pinion and the counter toothing assigned to it. Accordingly, the shooter shaft is exposed to a strong, in particular twisting, load when the door closer is operated. For this reason, it is advisable to provide the shooter shaft with a metal, in particular torsionally stiff, shaft core, on which the pinion may be seated in a rotationally fixed manner. The metal shaft core of the shooting shaft can be surrounded by a plastic sheathing. The pinion can consist entirely of plastic or expediently from adjacent layers of pinion parts made of metal and plastic.

A particularly resilient positive connection between the closer shaft and the pinion mounted on it is obtained if the shaft core of the shooter shaft has a hexagonal cross section. A further advantageous embodiment of the door closer according to the invention, in which the damping piston displaces a damping liquid which is in front of the leading face in the shooting direction when displaced in the shooting direction, is characterized in that at least on the circumferential surface of the damping piston at least a groove for receiving a circumferential sealing element is provided. In this case, complex machining of the circumferential surface of the damping piston to achieve a sufficient sealing effect between the inner wall of the housing and the damping piston can be dispensed with. This results in a further simplification and simplification of the Türsch 1 ieser manufacture.

In the case of door skis, in which the housing spaces of the door closer housing, delimited by the end faces of the damping and closing pistons leading in the displacement direction, have a blocking valve for the damping fluid which is provided on the damping piston and blocks its closing movement ¬ are connected to each other, in particular a further simplification of manufacture results from the blocking valve having a plastic sealing body which is held elastically on the damping piston in the direction of flow of the damping liquid. It is particularly expedient that the sealing body is held on the damping piston by means of at least one plastic arm. In addition to the already mentioned advantages of simplifying and reducing manufacturing, such hydraulically damped door handles are distinguished by extremely short switching times of the blocking valve. The sealing body can be arrange immediately adjacent to the valve opening. As a result, the sealing body only has to cover an extremely short switching path when the damping piston is reversed in the firing direction until the sealing seat is reached at the valve opening.

Because of the existing strength and / or elasticity properties, polyamide and / or polyphenylene sulfide and / or Kevlar is preferably provided as the plastic for the components of door locks according to the invention that are suitable. The plastic is reinforced by means of mineral fibers and / or glass fibers, in particular on door locks according to the invention for transmitting large closing forces between the door leaf and the door frame area. This measure can be provided in addition or as an alternative to the use of metallic stiffeners.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of schematic representations of exemplary embodiments. Show it:

1 is a sectional view of a first type of hydraulically damped door closer,

2 is an exploded view of a first embodiment of a piston-toothing unit with check valve for the door ski ieser of FIG. 1,

Fig. 3 shows a rack of the piston-gear unit

2 in side view, 4 shows the rack according to FIG. 3 in plan view,

5 shows an exploded view of a second embodiment of a piston-toothing unit with a shut-off valve for the door closer according to FIG. 1.

Fig. 6, the check valve according to FIGS. 2 and 5 in plan view,

Fig. 7, the check valve according to FIGS. 2 and 5 in section along line I-I in FIG. 6,

8 is a sectional view of a first embodiment of a pinion with a shooting shaft for the door closer according to FIG. 1,

9 shows the pinion with closer shaft according to FIG. 8 in partial section along line II-II in FIG. 8,

10 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of a pinion with closer shaft for the door ski ieser of FIG. 1,

11 shows the pinion with closer shaft according to FIG. 10 in partial section along line III-III in FIG. 10, Fig. 12a u.

12b are sectional views of a second type of hydraulically damped door ski,

13 a top view of a damping piston with a bearing block for a support roller for use on the door ski according to FIGS. 12a and 12b,

14 shows the damping piston with bearing block according to FIG. 13 in section along line IV-IV in FIGS. 13 and

15 shows the bearing block according to FIGS. 13 and 14 in section along line V-V in FIG. 14.

1 shows a hydraulically damped door closer 1 of a first type, as is shown when the door leaf is closed. The door ski founder 1 has a door closer housing 2, in which a piston-toothing unit 3 with a closing piston 13, a damping piston 14 and a counter-toothing in the form of a piston toothing 4 is slidably guided. A pinion 5 is rotatably mounted on the door closer housing 2 and has a pinion toothing 6 which meshes with the piston toothing 4 and is designed as a ring gear.

The door handle 1 is firmly attached to a door wing, not shown. A linkage, also not shown, which by means of end teeth 7 on a ski shaft 40 of the Pinion 5 is rotatably mounted on this, connects the door closer 1 to the door frame.

When the door is opened, the pinion 5 is rotated counterclockwise via the linkage. The Rit¬ zel 5 by means of its ring gear 6 moves the piston-toothing unit 3 in the illustration to the right against the force of a closer spring 8 which is supported on one side on the door closer housing 2. During its displacement movement, the shooting piston 13 displaces in a housing space 9 of the Door ski housing 2 existing hydraulic fluid. A part of the displaced hydraulic fluid flows through a channel 10 penetrating the firing piston 13 and the damping piston 14 to a check valve 11 which is arranged in the end face of the damping piston 14 facing away from the closer spring 8. Under the effect of the displacement movement of the piston-toothing unit 3 and the pressure thereby exerted on the hydraulic fluid, the shut-off valve 11 opens and the hydraulic fluid present in the channel 10 can flow in a direction of movement of the piston-toothing unit 3 behind the Damping pistons 14 flow into housing space 12 that arises. In addition, further channels (not shown) open into the housing space 12, which establish a connection with the housing space 9 and through which hydraulic fluid displaced from the housing space 9 flows into the housing space 12.

Accordingly, since the hydraulic fluid present in the housing space 9 has a relatively large outflow cross section available when the door is opened, namely both the outflow cross section of the channels, not shown, as well as the outflow cross section of the channel 10, the opening of the door is countered by only a slight hydraulic counterforce. When opening the door to overcome is essentially the counterforce of the shooting spring 8, which is compressed by the moving piston-toothing unit 3.

If the opened door leaf is now released, the slide spring 8 is elongated and in the process shifts the piston-toothing unit 3 to the left in the illustration. Under the effect of the shift, the shut-off valve 11 is switched into the shut-off position and the hydraulic fluid now present in the housing space 12 can only flow into the housing space 9 through the channels (not shown). As a result, a relatively large hydraulic counterforce is opposed to the displacement of the piston-toothing unit 3 by the shooting spring 8. The closing force resulting from the force of the shooter spring 8 and the counteracting hydraulic counterforce and transmitted via the pinion 5, the shooter shaft 40 and the linkage (not shown) between the door leaf and door frame is accordingly relatively small. As a result, the door is closed slowly.

1 can be realized with the help of door closer components such as those shown in FIGS. 2 to 11 are shown. Fig. 2 shows a piston-toothing unit 3a made of plastic, which is delimited at its ends by a shooting piston 13a and a damping piston 14a. Between the sliding piston 13a and the damping piston 14a, a piston toothing 4a is arranged in a composite construction as counter toothing. The piston toothing 4a comprises, as parts, two metal toothed racks 15, 16 running parallel to one another and a toothing strip 17 made of plastic running between them. The piston-toothing unit 3a has cutouts 19 provided on a circumferential surface 18 for reasons of material savings and / or weight reduction. A circumferential groove 20 on the damping piston 14a serves to receive a sealing ring, not shown, by means of which the gap remaining between the damping piston 14a and the inner wall of the door closer housing seals and thereby an undefined outflow of hydraulic fluid when the piston-toothing unit 3a is displaced is avoided.

The in Figs. 3 and 4 rack 15 shown in detail is manufactured as a stamped part with this identical rack 16. A refined and hardened steel is used as the material for the metal toothed racks 15, 16. For connection to the shooting piston 13a and the damping piston 14a, the toothed racks 15, 16 are inserted into the injection mold for the piston-toothing unit 3a and extrusion-coated with plastic on legs 21, 22 and on a web 23 connecting them. A further stiffening of the piston teeth 4a can be achieved with the help of racks, whose in the Plastic-embedded legs are connected by means of two webs running parallel to one another, between which the pinion in question then rolls.

5 shows a piston-toothing unit 3b with a piston toothing 4b as counter-toothing, on which a metal part 24 is arranged between two strip-like toothing parts 25, 26 made of plastic. The piston-toothing unit 3b is otherwise structurally completely identical to the piston-toothing unit 3a according to FIG. 2. There is still correspondence between the door closer components shown in FIGS. 2 and 5! I of a shut-off valve 11a with a sealing body 27 made of plastic, which cooperates with a sealing seat 28 on an end face of the damping piston 14a or the damping piston 14b.

As in particular the FIGS. 6 and 7 can be seen. the truncated cone-shaped sealing body 27 is held in the interior of a plastic locking ring 30 by means of three elastic plastic arms 29. The locking ring 30 can be locked with corresponding counter-locking on the associated end face of the damping piston 14a or the damping piston 14b. In the installed position, the sealing body 27 is then arranged directly adjacent to the sealing seat 28, so that it immediately contacts the sealing seat 28 when the piston-toothing unit 3a or the piston-toothing unit 3b is reversed in the direction of firing can come. The figures 8 to 11 show pinions with shooter shafts which can be used on the door shooters according to FIG. 1 together with the piston-toothing units described above.

In Figs. 8 and 9, a pinion 5a is shown, which has two parts 31, 32 made of plastic and a metal part 33 arranged between them. The pinion toothing 6a is designed as a ring gear. The pinion 5a is seated in a form-fitting, rotationally fixed manner on a metal shaft core 34 of a closer shaft 40a. The shaft core 34 has a hexagonal cross section. On the face side, it has receiving bores 35, 36 provided with internal threads, into which screws for fastening the linkage for power transmission between the door leaf and the door frame can be screwed. On its outer circumference it is largely provided with a plastic jacket. The plastic sheathing is molded in one piece with the plastic parts of the pinion onto the metal parts of the closer shaft 40a and pinion 5a.

One in the fig. 10 and 11 with a shooter shaft 40b shown pinion 5b differs from the pinion 5a of FIGS. 8 and 9 only in that metal parts 38, 39 are arranged on both sides of a part 37 made of plastic. Just like the metal toothed racks 15, 16, 24 of the piston-toothing units 3a and 3b according to FIGS. 2 and 5, the metal parts 33, 38, 39 of the in FIGS. 8 to 11 illustrated pinions 5a, 5b as stamped parts made of refined and hardened steel. The metal parts of the pinions 5a, 5b are tion together with the metal core of the closer shaft inserted into the injection molds and overmolded with plastic.

The figures 12a and 12b show a second type of hydraulically damped door handle. The door ski la shown is in the closed position, i.e. the components of the door closer la are shown in the position they assume when the door leaf is closed.

At the door locker la, the power transmission when opening and closing the door leaf does not take place via a gear transmission but rather via a cam 41 held eccentrically and non-rotatably on a locker shaft 40c, which is supported by support rollers 42, 43 with a damping piston 14c and a ski Plunger 13b cooperates. The shooting piston 13b is slidably guided in a door closer housing 2a and is acted upon on one side by a shooting spring 8a supported on the inner wall of the door shooting housing 2a. A further spring 44, which in the position shown is pretensioned on the inner wall of the door closer housing 2a, acts on the damping piston 14c, which can be displaced in the same direction as the sliding piston 13b, in the direction of the cam 41.

Now, if the door is opened, the ski ießerwel le ^'40c is rotated by a rotationally fixedly connected thereto and hinged at its free end in the door frame area _r rod 45 in rotation. Ge le jointly with the ski ießerwel 40c rotates the cam 41. In ^¬ follow the rotational movement of the cam 41 is the ski ießkolben 13b against the action of the ski spring 8a in Figures 12a, 12b shifted to the right. The damping piston 14c executes a rectified movement under the action of the prestressed spring 44. The support rollers 42, 43 are rotatably held on bearing journals 46, 47 and roll on their outer circumference when the cam 41 rotates. The bearing journal 46 for the support roller 42 of the damping piston 14c is connected to the damping piston 14c via a bearing block 48.

In the course of the displacement movement of the closing piston 13b and of the damping piston 14c, hydraulic damping fluid is displaced in the interior of the door shooter housing 2a via overflow paths (not shown in detail) in such a way that the door leaf can be opened with relatively little effort and that at the same time a damped shooting movement of the door leaf is guaranteed.

FIGS. 13 and 14 show a damping piston 14d, as can be used on a door closer la shown in FIGS. 12a and 12b. The damping piston 14d is made of plastic by the injection molding process. A groove 20a for receiving a sealing ring is formed on its outer circumference, by means of which the gap remaining between the door closer housing and the damping piston 14d can be sealed to prevent uncontrolled outflow of hydraulic damping fluid. A hydraulic valve, for example of the type shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, can be inserted into the axial inner channel of the damping piston 14d. During its manufacture, the damping piston 14d was molded onto a metal bearing block 48a inserted into the injection mold. The bearing block 48a has been manufactured as a stamped and bent part 1. Alternatively, production as a die-cast part is also possible.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 14 and 15, an effective positive connection with the plastic of the damping piston 14d was achieved with the aid of projections 49 and step-like depressions 50 on the bearing block 48a. The support roller assigned to the damping piston 14d is inserted between the legs 53, 54. The support roller is held by a bearing pin on bearing eyes 51, 52 of the bearing block 48a.

Claims

Expectations

1. Door ski operator with a shooting piston ⁽ 13, 13a, 13b) guided in a door closer housing (2,2a) and via a locking mechanism with a rotatable closer shaft (40, 40a, 40b, 40c) when opening the assigned door leaf against a restoring force , wherein the closer shaft (40, 40a, 40b, 40c) is connected to an actuating device arranged between the door leaf and the fixed door frame area for power transmission between the door leaf and the door frame area, as well as to one in the door closer housing (2, 2a) the Schließ¬ piston (13, 13a, 13b) in the same direction shifted damping piston ^(14, 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d), characterized in that at least the damping piston (14, 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) is made of plastic be¬.

2. Türschi ießer according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking piston (13. 13a. 13b) consists of plastic.

3. Türschi ießer according to claim 1 or 2. wherein the closing gear has a rotatably connected with the closer shaft (40. 40a. 40b) pinion (5. 5a. 5b) which with its teeth (6, 6a) a counter-toothing (4, 4a, 4b) combs, via which the damping piston (14, 14a, 14b) and the closing piston (13. 13a ⁾ are connected to each other, characterized in that we at least a part of the Schi ießerwel le (40, 40a, 40b) and / or the pinion (5, 5a, 5b) and / or the counter toothing (4, 4a, 4b) consists of plastic.

4. Türschi ießer according to claim 3, characterized in that the pinion (5, 5a, 5b) parallel to the plane of its movement and / or the counter-toothing (4, 4a, 4b) is divided in the direction of their displacement and at least one Part (33, 38, 39) of the pinion ⁽ 5, 5a, 5b) or at least part (15, 16, 24) of the counter toothing (4, 4a, 4b) made of metal and at least one part ⁽ 31, 32, 37; 17, 25, 25) consists of plastic.

5. Türschi ießer according to claim 4, characterized in that the pinion (5, 5a, 5b) and / or the counter-toothing (4, 4a, 4b ^{) has} three parts, one on each side of a part (17; 37) made of plastic Part (15, 16; 38, 39) made of metal or a part ⁽ 25, 26; 31, 32) made of plastic is arranged on both sides of a part (24; 33) made of metal.

6. Türschi ießer according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized ge indicates that the damping piston (14, 14a, 14b, 14c. 14d) and optionally the plastic -shooting piston (13. 13a. 13b) and optionally made of plastic existing part of the counter-toothing (4. 4a. 4b) and optionally the part of the pinion (5, 5a. 5b) made of plastic and the shooting shaft 40, 40a. 40b, 40c) are each made in one piece.

7. Türschi ießer according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized ge indicates that the Schi ießerwel le (40, 40a, 40b, 40c) has a metal Wel handlebars (34) on which the pinion (5, 5a, 5b ⁾ if necessary sits positively against rotation.

8. Türschi ießer according to claim 7, characterized in that the metal Wel handlebars (34) of the Schi ießerwel le (40, 40a, 40b, 40c ^{) has} a hexagonal cross section.

9. door ski ieser according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the damping piston (14, 14a, 14b. 14c. 14d) displaces a damping liquid in front of the leading face in the ski direction when it is displaced in the ski direction, characterized in that at least on the circumferential surface of the damping piston ⁽ 14, 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) is provided with at least one groove (20, 20a) for receiving a circumferential sealing element.

10. Door ski ies according to claim 9, wherein the housing spaces (9th) delimited by the end faces of the damping (14, 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) and the closing piston (13, 13a, 13b) leading in the displacement direction. 12) of the door closer housing (2.2a) via a blocking valve (11, 11a) for the damping liquid which is provided on the damping piston (14, 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) and blocks its closing movement, characterized in that that the shut-off valve ⁽ 11, 11a ^{) has} a sealing body (27) made of plastic, which is held elastically on the damping piston (14, 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) in the flow direction of the damping fluid.

11. Door ski ieser according to claim 10, characterized in that the sealing body (27) by means of at least one plastic arm (29) on the damping piston (14, 14a, 14b, 14c. 14d) is held.

12. Türschi ießer according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized ge indicates that the plastic is polyamide and / or polyphenylene sulfide and / or Kevlar is provided.

13. Türschi ießer according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the plastic is reinforced by means of mineral fibers and / or by means of glass fibers.