EP0739753A1 - Surface structure production, especially for impression cylinders - Google Patents

Surface structure production, especially for impression cylinders Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0739753A1
EP0739753A1 EP96106255A EP96106255A EP0739753A1 EP 0739753 A1 EP0739753 A1 EP 0739753A1 EP 96106255 A EP96106255 A EP 96106255A EP 96106255 A EP96106255 A EP 96106255A EP 0739753 A1 EP0739753 A1 EP 0739753A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surface structure
material removal
process stage
mask
generated
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Granted
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EP96106255A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0739753B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Dr. Sondergeld
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Manroland AG
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MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
    • B41N1/16—Curved printing plates, especially cylinders
    • B41N1/20—Curved printing plates, especially cylinders made of metal or similar inorganic compounds, e.g. plasma coated ceramics, carbides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N3/00—Preparing for use and conserving printing surfaces
    • B41N3/04—Graining or abrasion by mechanical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/02—Etching
    • C25F3/14—Etching locally
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49544—Roller making
    • Y10T29/4956—Fabricating and shaping roller work contacting surface element
    • Y10T29/49563—Fabricating and shaping roller work contacting surface element with coating or casting about a core

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a surface structure, preferably for a printing press cylinder according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • etching mask e.g. made of photoresist
  • a method for producing a metallic sheet guiding film is known, according to which the carrier film is subjected to a one-sided blasting treatment with a metallic blasting agent and then the blasted surface is galvanically nickel-plated.
  • DE 4 031 860 C2 discloses a method for producing a surface structure for printing unit cylinders in offset printing machines. Afterwards, an alkali-resistant layer (photoresist), which is irradiated through a screen film with a UV light source, is applied to a printing unit cylinder coated with a hard chrome layer. The non-irradiated parts of the layer are removed with a solvent developer, the exposed parts of the coating are etched, the remaining areas of the layer being removed after the etching.
  • an alkali-resistant layer photoresist
  • a disadvantage of the latter method is that the surface structure produced in accordance with the method permits relatively low frictional forces between the coating and a printing material guided on the printing cylinder.
  • the surface structure is produced in two process steps in succession on the basis of an electroplated hard chrome coating, preferably ground to dimensional and shape accuracy, on a printing press cylinder, a film or a roller.
  • a partial surface structure is created by removing material as a dot pattern with an approximately uniform random distribution in the hard chrome coating.
  • the structure elevations (bulges) and structural partial surface structures having structural valleys are worked out by removing the chrome layer.
  • the final surface structure is generated from the partial surface structure by a second material removal that includes the dot matrix.
  • the material removal can take place in the first and also the second process stage by thermal, mechanical or electrochemical means.
  • the processing types can be combined with each other; However, the preferred condition is that the material is removed electrochemically in at least one process step. This expands (enlarges) the microcracks in the chrome to increase the roughness.
  • the two-stage machining process creates a surface structure with insignificantly different support elements with a preferred roughness of R z 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the microcracks present in the hard chrome coating are preferably enlarged by the material removal carried out in the second process stage. These microcracks are particularly enlarged when the second process stage is carried out electrochemically. In the second stage of the process in particular, an irregular network of gaps and furrows as well as bead-like bulges (supporting elements) is achieved. Depending on the dot matrix and the distribution, the bulges are present as individual bulges and / or as several connected (linked) bulges within the surface structure.
  • the frictional relationships between the substrate and the surface structure of the hard chrome coating become consecutive higher roughness values increased.
  • the bulges bearing the printing material have an increased roughness on the preferably plateau-shaped wings than in the structural valleys.
  • the load-bearing components within the surface structure are changed only slightly with respect to the first process stage. Only the surface roughness is increased as described.
  • the printing material is thus guided more securely on the surface structure, for example of a printing press cylinder or a roller.
  • the greater friction forces result in a more precise sheet guidance and noticeably reduce possible doubling phenomena.
  • the irregular network of gaps, furrows and bulges as well as the marginally different wings take up a small amount of printing ink from the printing material, which, however, is largely split back onto the printing material.
  • the surface structure produced according to the method can be cleaned very well if required. This is because the cleaning fluid as well as a washing brush, for example, penetrates better into the network of widened gaps, furrows, cracks and thus increases the cleaning effect but also reduces the cleaning times and the consumption of cleaning fluid.
  • the surface structure is not limited to a hard chrome coating on a printing press cylinder. Rather, the hard chrome coating with the surface structure produced according to the method can also be part of a plate, film, or elevator, which is fixed in position on a printing press cylinder. Likewise, the surface structure produced according to the invention can be part of a roller of a machine that processes printing material.
  • the method according to the invention serves to coat a printing press cylinder, for example an impression cylinder of an offset printing press.
  • the printing press cylinder is given a hard chrome coating in a chrome bath in a known manner.
  • the hard chrome coating has a layer thickness of, for example, 200 ⁇ m.
  • the hard chrome coating is then ground to a specified layer thickness for dimensional and shape accuracy.
  • the surface structure according to the invention is now produced in two process steps.
  • the surface structure in the present example is produced by electrochemical material removal in a system as described in DE 4 031 860 C2.
  • the etching is carried out using 10 to 20% sodium hydroxide solution, in which the printing press cylinder is switched as an anode and the Etching liquid is fed in zones from an iron screen hollow cathode arranged at a short distance from the surface of the printing press cylinder.
  • the printing unit cylinder rotates about its axis.
  • an etching mask which is produced by a photochemical or a printing process, is applied.
  • a plastic film with a corresponding hole pattern attached to the printing cylinder is also suitable.
  • the etching mask for example an exposed photoresist layer, which is subsequently developed, has a randomly distributed grid with halftone dots of 20 to 150 ⁇ m in diameter and a center-to-center spacing of the halftone dots of 50 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the hard chrome coating is then electrolytically etched. This takes place in an already described zone etching system with a current density of approx. 300 A / dm 2 and a feed of the printing cylinder surface of approx.
  • a sodium hydroxide solution (10 to 20% strength) is preferably used as the electrolyte. The remains of the etching mask are then removed from the hard chrome coating.
  • a further electrolytic etching of the surface structure is followed in a second process step by a further electrolytic etching of the surface structure at a current density of 250 A / dm 2 , a feed of the cylinder surface of approx. 70 mm / min and an etching intensity of 100 amine / dm 2 .
  • the surface partial structure produced in the first process stage is reduced by approximately 20% in the original structure depth in the second process stage.
  • the surface partial structure achieved in the first process stage with the etching mask in the form of a dot matrix, which has approximately columnar support elements becomes a surface structure of an irregular network of gaps, furrows and bulges due to the material removal (etching) in the second process stage.
  • the bulges acting as wings have a surface roughness of approximately R z ⁇ m.
  • the irregular network of gaps, furrows and bulges forms a special micro-roughness that ensures a balanced and evenly distributed color acceptance on the surface structure.
  • the surface structure mainly splits the ink back onto the substrate.
  • the network of fissures / furrows also runs over the wings of the bulges.
  • the gaps, furrows, cracks are so deeply incorporated within the hard chrome coating that a sufficient one possible corrosion-preventing hard chrome layer remains on the printing press cylinder, the elevator or the roller. This prevents possible penetration of moisture or cleaning fluid through the gaps, furrows, cracks.
  • the material can also be removed mechanically. This is optionally possible in the first as well as in the second process stage, however, the material removal must take place electrochemically in one of the process stages.
  • the electrochemical procedure is necessary to create the irregular network of gaps, furrows and bulges, since otherwise the desired surface roughness cannot be achieved.
  • the material removal can, for example, by means of blasting material, e.g. with a hard abrasive, such as corundum, can be carried out mechanically.
  • the material can also be removed thermally using e.g. a LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) or an electron beam.
  • LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
  • electron beam an electron beam

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Supply, Installation And Extraction Of Printed Sheets Or Plates (AREA)
  • Rotary Presses (AREA)
  • ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for producing a surface structure, preferably on a cylinder, cylinder dressing, or roller of a printing machine, with a hard chromium coating which is galvanically produced and preferably ground to dimensional accuracy. The object of the invention is to develop a process which permits a surface structure to be produced on the hard chromium coating, which surface structure permits relatively high frictional forces between the contact points of the printing material and the coating of the cylinder of the printing machine. This is achieved in that the surface structure is produced in two process steps in sequence, a surface part structure being produced as a dot screen in an approximately even random distribution by means of a first material erosion process in a first process step, and the final surface structure being produced in a second process step by means of a second material erosion including the dot screen.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Oberflächenstruktur, vorzugsweise für einen Druckmaschinenzylinder nach dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruches.The invention relates to a method for producing a surface structure, preferably for a printing press cylinder according to the preamble of the main claim.

Zur galvanischen Erzeugung von Oberflächenstrukturen ist es beispielsweise aus der DE-OS 2 030 013 bekannt, eine Ätzmaske, z.B. aus Fotolack, zum Ätzen vom Chrom oder Molybdän zu verwenden.For the galvanic generation of surface structures it is known, for example from DE-OS 2 030 013, to use an etching mask, e.g. made of photoresist, to be used to etch chrome or molybdenum.

Aus der DE 2 820 549 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer metallischen Bogenführungsfolie bekannt, nach dem die Trägerfolie einer einseitigen Strahlbehandlung mit einem metallischen Strahlmittel unterworfen wird und anschließend die gestrahlte Oberfläche galvanisch vernickelt wird.From DE 2 820 549 A1, a method for producing a metallic sheet guiding film is known, according to which the carrier film is subjected to a one-sided blasting treatment with a metallic blasting agent and then the blasted surface is galvanically nickel-plated.

Weiterhin ist aus der DE 4 031 860 C2 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Oberflächenstruktur für Druckwerkszylinder in Offsetdruckmaschinen bekannt. Danach wird auf einen mit einer Hartchromschicht beschichteten Druckwerkszylinder eine nach ihrer Belichtung alkalibeständige Schicht (Fotolack) aufgebracht, die durch einen Rasterfilm mit einer UV-Lichtquelle bestrahlt wird. Die nicht bestrahlten Teile der Schicht werden mit einem Lösungsmittelentwickler entfernt, die freigelegten Teile der Beschichtung werden geätzt, wobei nach dem Ätzen die restlichen Bereiche der Schicht entfernt werden.Furthermore, DE 4 031 860 C2 discloses a method for producing a surface structure for printing unit cylinders in offset printing machines. Afterwards, an alkali-resistant layer (photoresist), which is irradiated through a screen film with a UV light source, is applied to a printing unit cylinder coated with a hard chrome layer. The non-irradiated parts of the layer are removed with a solvent developer, the exposed parts of the coating are etched, the remaining areas of the layer being removed after the etching.

Nachteilig bei letzterem Verfahren ist es, daß die verfahrensgemäß hergestellte Oberflächenstruktur relativ geringe Reibungskräfte zwischen der Beschichtung und einem auf dem Druckzylinder geführten Bedruckstoff gestattet.A disadvantage of the latter method is that the surface structure produced in accordance with the method permits relatively low frictional forces between the coating and a printing material guided on the printing cylinder.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ein Verfahren zu entwickeln, das es gestattet auf der Hartchrombeschichtung eines Druckmaschinenzylinders oder einer Folie bzw. eines Aufzuges oder einer bedruckstofführenden Walze eine Oberflächenstruktur herzustellen, die relativ hohe Reibungskräfte an den Kontaktstellen von Bedruckstoff und der Beschichtung des jeweiligen Zylinders gestattet. Damit sollen Doubliererscheinungen spürbar reduziert werden und die Bedruckstofführung soll verbessert werden.It is an object of the invention to develop a method which makes it possible to produce a surface structure on the hard chrome coating of a printing press cylinder or a film or an elevator or a roller carrying a printing material, which is relatively high frictional forces at the contact points of the substrate and the coating of the respective cylinder are permitted. This is intended to noticeably reduce the appearance of duplication and to improve the substrate management.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch gelöst, daß ausgehend von einer galvanisch erzeugten, vorzugsweise auf Maß- und Formgenauigkeit geschliffenen Hartchrombeschichtung auf einem Druckmaschinenzylinder, einer Folie oder einer Walze die Oberflächenstruktur in zwei Verfahrensstufen in Folge hergestellt wird.This is achieved according to the invention in that the surface structure is produced in two process steps in succession on the basis of an electroplated hard chrome coating, preferably ground to dimensional and shape accuracy, on a printing press cylinder, a film or a roller.

In der ersten Verfahrensstufe wird eine Oberflächenteilstruktur durch einen Werkstoffabtrag als Punktraster mit annähernd gleichmäßiger Zufallsverteilung in der Hartchrombeschichtung erzeugt. Ausgehend von einer vorzugsweise ebenen (geschliffenen) Hartchromschicht wird durch Abtragen der Chromschicht die Strukturerhebungen (Aufwölbungen) und Strukturtäler aufweisende Oberflächenteilstruktur herausgearbeitet. In der zweiten Verfahrensstufe wird aus der Oberflächenteilstruktur durch einen zweiten, das Punktraster einschließenden Werkstoffabtrag die endgültige Oberflächenstruktur erzeugt. Der Werkstoffabtrag kann dabei in der ersten als auch der zweiten Verfahrensstufe auf thermischem, mechanischem oder elektrochemischem Weg erfolgen. Dabei können die Bearbeitungsarten untereinander kombiniert werden ; bevorzugte Bedingung ist jedoch, daß mindestens in einer Verfahrensstufe der Werkstoffabtrag elektrochemisch erfolgt. Damit werden die im Chrom vorhandenen Mikrorisse zur Erhöhung der Rauheit aufgeweitet (vergrößert). Durch das zweistufige Bearbeitungsverfahren entsteht eine Oberflächenstruktur mit unwesentlich unterschiedlich hohen Tragelementen mit einer bevorzugten Rauhigkeit von Rz 10 bis 100 µm. Vorzugsweise durch den in der zweiten Verfahrensstufe durchgeführten Werkstoffabtrag erfolgt eine Vergrößerung der in der Hartchrombeschichtung an sich vorhandenen Mikrorisse. Diese Mikrorisse werden besonders vergrößert, wenn die zweite Verfahrensstufe auf elektrochemischem Weg durchgeführt wird. Insbesondere in der zweiten Verfahrensstufe wird ein unregelmäßiges Netzwerk von Spalten und Furchen sowie wulstartigen Aufwölbungen (Tragelemente) erzielt. Die Aufwölbungen liegen abhängig vom Punktraster und der Verteilung als einzelne Aufwölbungen und/oder als mehrere zusammenhängende (verkettete) Aufwölbungen innerhalb der Oberflächenstruktur vor. Durch die zweistufig hergestellte Oberflächenstruktur werden die Reibungsverhältnisse zwischen Bedruckstoff und der Oberflächenstruktur der Hartchrombeschichtung in Folge größerer Rauhigkeitswerte erhöht. Die den Bedruckstoff tragenden Aufwölbungen weisen dabei auf den vorzugsweise plateauförmigen Tragflächen eine erhöhte Rauhigkeit als in den Strukturtälern auf. Durch den Werkstoffabtrag in der zweiten Verfahrensstufe werden die Traganteile innerhalb der Oberflächenstruktur, bezogen auf die erste Verfahrensstufe nur wenig verändert. Es wird lediglich die Oberflächenrauhigkeit wie beschrieben erhöht. Der Bedruckstoff wird somit sicherer auf der Oberflächenstruktur z.B. eines Druckmaschinenzylinders oder einer Walze geführt. Die größeren Reibungskräfte bewirken eine exaktere Bogenführung und reduzieren spürbar mögliche Doubliererscheinungen. Das unregelmäßige Netzwerk von Spalten, Furchen und Aufwölbungen sowie die unwesentlich unterschiedlich hohen Tragflächen nehmen in geringem Maße Druckfarbe vom Bedruckstoff an, die jedoch zum überwiegenden Teil an den Bedruckstoff zurückgespaltet wird. Des weiteren läßt sich bei Bedarf die verfahrensgemäß hergestellte Oberflächenstruktur sehr gut reinigen. Dies deshalb, weil in das Netzwerk von aufgeweiteten Spalten, Furchen, Rissen das Reinigungsfluid als auch z.B. eine Waschbürste besser eindringt und damit den Reinigungseffekt erhöht aber auch die Reinigungszeiten sowie den Verbrauch von Reinigungsfluid reduziert. Die Oberflächenstruktur ist dabei nicht auf eine Hartchrombeschichtung eines Druckmaschinenzylinders beschränkt. Vielmehr kann die Hartchrombeschichtung mit der verfahrensgemäß hergestellten Oberflächenstruktur auch Bestandteil einer Platte, Folie, eines Aufzuges sein, welche auf einem Druckmaschinenzylinder lagefixiert ist. Ebenso kann die erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Oberflächenstruktur Bestandteil einer Walze einer Bedruckstoff verarbeitenden Maschine sein.In the first stage of the process, a partial surface structure is created by removing material as a dot pattern with an approximately uniform random distribution in the hard chrome coating. Starting from a preferably flat (ground) hard chrome layer, the structure elevations (bulges) and structural partial surface structures having structural valleys are worked out by removing the chrome layer. In the second process stage, the final surface structure is generated from the partial surface structure by a second material removal that includes the dot matrix. The material removal can take place in the first and also the second process stage by thermal, mechanical or electrochemical means. The processing types can be combined with each other; However, the preferred condition is that the material is removed electrochemically in at least one process step. This expands (enlarges) the microcracks in the chrome to increase the roughness. The two-stage machining process creates a surface structure with insignificantly different support elements with a preferred roughness of R z 10 to 100 µm. The microcracks present in the hard chrome coating are preferably enlarged by the material removal carried out in the second process stage. These microcracks are particularly enlarged when the second process stage is carried out electrochemically. In the second stage of the process in particular, an irregular network of gaps and furrows as well as bead-like bulges (supporting elements) is achieved. Depending on the dot matrix and the distribution, the bulges are present as individual bulges and / or as several connected (linked) bulges within the surface structure. Due to the two-stage surface structure, the frictional relationships between the substrate and the surface structure of the hard chrome coating become consecutive higher roughness values increased. The bulges bearing the printing material have an increased roughness on the preferably plateau-shaped wings than in the structural valleys. Due to the removal of material in the second process stage, the load-bearing components within the surface structure are changed only slightly with respect to the first process stage. Only the surface roughness is increased as described. The printing material is thus guided more securely on the surface structure, for example of a printing press cylinder or a roller. The greater friction forces result in a more precise sheet guidance and noticeably reduce possible doubling phenomena. The irregular network of gaps, furrows and bulges as well as the marginally different wings take up a small amount of printing ink from the printing material, which, however, is largely split back onto the printing material. Furthermore, the surface structure produced according to the method can be cleaned very well if required. This is because the cleaning fluid as well as a washing brush, for example, penetrates better into the network of widened gaps, furrows, cracks and thus increases the cleaning effect but also reduces the cleaning times and the consumption of cleaning fluid. The surface structure is not limited to a hard chrome coating on a printing press cylinder. Rather, the hard chrome coating with the surface structure produced according to the method can also be part of a plate, film, or elevator, which is fixed in position on a printing press cylinder. Likewise, the surface structure produced according to the invention can be part of a roller of a machine that processes printing material.

Die Erfindung soll an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dient der Beschichtung eines Druckmaschinenzylinders, z.B. eines Gegendruckzylinders einer Offsetdruckmaschine. Der Druckmaschinenzylinder erhält in bekannter Weise in einem Chrombad eine Hartchrombeschichtung. Die Hartchrombeschichtung weist eine Schichtdicke von beispielsweise 200 µm auf. Anschließend wird auf eine vorgegebene Schichtdicke die Hartchrombeschichtung auf Maß- und Formgenauigkeit geschliffen. Die erfindungsgemäße Oberflächenstruktur wird nun in zwei Verfahrensschritten hergestellt. Dabei erfolgt die Herstellung der Oberflächenstruktur im vorliegenden Beispiel durch einen Werkstoffabtrag auf elektrochemischem Weg in einer Anlage, wie sie in der DE 4 031 860 C2 beschrieben ist . Dementsprechend erfolgt das Ätzen mittels 10 bis 20 %iger Natronlauge, in dem der Druckmaschinenzylinder als Anode geschaltet wird und die Ätzflüssigkeit aus einer in geringem Abstand zur Oberfläche des Druckmaschinenzylinders angeordneten Eisensiebhohlkatode zonenweise zugeführt wird. Dabei rotiert der Druckwerkszylinder um seine Achse.The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. The method according to the invention serves to coat a printing press cylinder, for example an impression cylinder of an offset printing press. The printing press cylinder is given a hard chrome coating in a chrome bath in a known manner. The hard chrome coating has a layer thickness of, for example, 200 μm. The hard chrome coating is then ground to a specified layer thickness for dimensional and shape accuracy. The surface structure according to the invention is now produced in two process steps. The surface structure in the present example is produced by electrochemical material removal in a system as described in DE 4 031 860 C2. Accordingly, the etching is carried out using 10 to 20% sodium hydroxide solution, in which the printing press cylinder is switched as an anode and the Etching liquid is fed in zones from an iron screen hollow cathode arranged at a short distance from the surface of the printing press cylinder. The printing unit cylinder rotates about its axis.

In der ersten Verfahrensstufe wird eine Ätzmaske, die nach einem photochemischen oder einem drucktechnischen Verfahren erzeugt ist, aufgebracht. Alternativ eignet sich auch eine auf dem Druckzylinder angebrachte Kunststoffolie mit entsprechendem Lochmuster. Die Ätzmaske, beispielsweise eine belichtete Fotolackschicht, die anschließend entwickelt wird, besitzt ein Punktraster in Zufallsverteilung mit Rasterpunkten von 20 bis 150 µm Durchmesser und einen Mittenabstand der Rasterpunkte von 50 bis 200 µm. Danach wird die Hartchrombeschichtung elektrolytisch geätzt. Dies erfolgt in einer bereits beschriebenen Zonenätzanlage bei einer Stromdichte von ca. 300 A/dm2 und einem Vorschub der Druckzylinderoberfläche von ca. 35 mm/min und einer Ätzintensität von 250 Amin/dm2 dabei wird eine Ätztiefe von ca. 30 µm erreicht. Als Elektrolyt wird vorzugsweise eine Natronlauge (10 bis 20%ig) eingesetzt. Anschließend werden die Reste der Ätzmaske von der Hartchrombeschichtung entfernt.In the first stage of the process, an etching mask, which is produced by a photochemical or a printing process, is applied. Alternatively, a plastic film with a corresponding hole pattern attached to the printing cylinder is also suitable. The etching mask, for example an exposed photoresist layer, which is subsequently developed, has a randomly distributed grid with halftone dots of 20 to 150 µm in diameter and a center-to-center spacing of the halftone dots of 50 to 200 µm. The hard chrome coating is then electrolytically etched. This takes place in an already described zone etching system with a current density of approx. 300 A / dm 2 and a feed of the printing cylinder surface of approx. 35 mm / min and an etching intensity of 250 amine / dm 2 , an etching depth of approx. 30 µm is achieved. A sodium hydroxide solution (10 to 20% strength) is preferably used as the electrolyte. The remains of the etching mask are then removed from the hard chrome coating.

Im Anschluß daran erfolgt in einer zweiten Verfahrensstufe ein nochmaliges elektrolytisches Ätzen der Oberflächenstruktur bei einer Stromdichte von 250 A/dm2, einem Vorschub der Zylinderoberfläche von ca. 70 mm/min und einer Ätzintensität von 100 Amin/dm2. Die in der ersten Verfahrensstufe hergestellte Oberflächenteilstruktur wird in der zweiten Verfahrensstufe in der ursprünglichen Strukturtiefe um ca. 20% reduziert. D.h. die in der ersten Verfahrensstufe mit der Ätzmaske in Form eines Punktrasters erzielten, etwa säulenförmigen Tragelemente aufweisende Oberflächenteilstruktur wird durch den Werkstoffabtrag (ätzen) in der zweiten Verfahrensstufe zu einer Oberflächenstruktur eines unregelmäßigen Netzwerkes von Spalten, Furchen und Aufwölbungen. Die als Tragflächen wirkenden Aufwölbungen besitzen eine Oberflächenrauhigkeit von etwa Rz µm. Das unregelmäßige Netzwerk von Spalten, Furchen und Aufwölbungen bildet eine spezielle Mikrorauhigkeit, die eine ausgewogene und gleichmäßig verteilte Farbannahme an der Oberflächenstruktur gewährleistet. Gleichzeitig spaltet die Oberflächenstruktur die Farbe überwiegend wieder an den Bedruckstoff zurück. Das Netzwerk von Spalten/Furchen verläuft auch über die Tragflächen der Aufwölbungen. Die Spalten, Furchen, Risse sind innerhalb der Hartchrombeschichtung so tief eingearbeitet, daß noch eine ausreichende, eine mögliche Korrosion verhindernde Hartchromschicht auf dem Druckmaschinenzylinder, dem Aufzug oder der Walze verbleibt. Damit wird ein mögliches Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit oder Reinigungsfluid durch die Spalten, Furchen, Risse verhindert.This is followed in a second process step by a further electrolytic etching of the surface structure at a current density of 250 A / dm 2 , a feed of the cylinder surface of approx. 70 mm / min and an etching intensity of 100 amine / dm 2 . The surface partial structure produced in the first process stage is reduced by approximately 20% in the original structure depth in the second process stage. In other words, the surface partial structure achieved in the first process stage with the etching mask in the form of a dot matrix, which has approximately columnar support elements, becomes a surface structure of an irregular network of gaps, furrows and bulges due to the material removal (etching) in the second process stage. The bulges acting as wings have a surface roughness of approximately R z µm. The irregular network of gaps, furrows and bulges forms a special micro-roughness that ensures a balanced and evenly distributed color acceptance on the surface structure. At the same time, the surface structure mainly splits the ink back onto the substrate. The network of fissures / furrows also runs over the wings of the bulges. The gaps, furrows, cracks are so deeply incorporated within the hard chrome coating that a sufficient one possible corrosion-preventing hard chrome layer remains on the printing press cylinder, the elevator or the roller. This prevents possible penetration of moisture or cleaning fluid through the gaps, furrows, cracks.

Anstatt der elektrochemischen Verfahrensweise kann der Werkstoffabtrag auch auf mechanischem Weg durchgeführt werden. Dies ist wahlweise in der ersten als auch in der zweiten Verfahrensstufe möglich, jedoch muß dabei in einer der Verfahrensstufen der Werkstoffabtrag elektrochemisch erfolgen. Die elektrochemische Verfahrensweise ist zur Erzeugung des unregelmäßigen Netzwerkes von Spalten, Furchen und Aufwölbungen erforderlich, da sonst nicht die gewünschte Oberflächenrauhigkeit erzielt wird. Der Werkstoffabtrag kann beispielsweise mittels Strahlgut, z.B. mit einem harten Strahlgut, wie Korund, auf mechanischem Wege durchgeführt werden.Instead of the electrochemical procedure, the material can also be removed mechanically. This is optionally possible in the first as well as in the second process stage, however, the material removal must take place electrochemically in one of the process stages. The electrochemical procedure is necessary to create the irregular network of gaps, furrows and bulges, since otherwise the desired surface roughness cannot be achieved. The material removal can, for example, by means of blasting material, e.g. with a hard abrasive, such as corundum, can be carried out mechanically.

Alternativ dazu kann der Werkstoffabtrag ebenso auf thermischen Wege mittels z.B. einem LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) oder einem Elekronenstrahl erzeugt werden. Dies ist wiederum wahlweise in der ersten oder zweiten Verfahrensstufe möglich, wenn dabei in einer Verfahrensstufe der Werkstoffabtrag elektrochemisch erfolgt.Alternatively, the material can also be removed thermally using e.g. a LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) or an electron beam. This is again possible in the first or second process stage if the material removal is carried out electrochemically in one process stage.

Claims (15)

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Oberflächenstruktur auf einer galvanisch erzeugten Hartchrombeschichtung, vorzugsweise für auf Maß- und Formgenauigkeit geschliffene Chrombeschichtungen eines Druckmaschinenzylinders, eines Aufzuges oder einer Walze,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Oberflächenstruktur in zwei Verfahrensstufen in Folge hergestellt wird, indem - in einer ersten Verfahrensstufe aus der Hartchrombeschichtung eine Oberflächenteilstruktur als Punktraster in annähernd gleichmäßiger Zufallsverteilung durch einen ersten Werkstoffabtrag erzeugt wird und - in einer zweiten Verfahrensstufe die endgültige Oberflächenstruktur durch einen zweiten, das Punktraster einschließenden Werkstoffabtrag erzeugt wird. Process for the production of a surface structure on an electroplated hard chrome coating, preferably for chrome coatings of a printing press cylinder, an elevator or a roller, which are ground to dimensional and shape accuracy,
characterized by
that the surface structure is produced in two process steps in succession by - In a first process step, a partial surface structure is generated from the hard chrome coating as a dot pattern in an approximately uniform random distribution by a first material removal and - In a second process stage, the final surface structure is generated by a second material removal that includes the dot matrix. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das die Oberflächenteilstruktur bildende Punktraster in einer Ebene der Hartchrombeschichtung liegt.Method according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the dot matrix forming the partial surface structure lies in a plane of the hard chrome coating. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in mindestens einer Verfahrensstufe der Werkstoffabtrag elektrochemisch erzeugt wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the material removal is generated electrochemically in at least one process step. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in der ersten Verfahrensstufe der Werkstoffabtrag unter Verwendung einer Maske mit Rasterpunkten thermisch erzeugt wird und in der zweiten Verfahrensstufe der Werkstoffabtrag elektrochemisch erzeugt wird, nachdem die Maske entfernt wurde.Process according to claims 1 and 3,
characterized by
that in the first process stage the material removal is generated thermally using a mask with halftone dots and in the second process stage the material removal is generated electrochemically after the mask has been removed. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in der ersten Verfahrensstufe der Werkstoffabtrag unter Verwendung einer Maske mit Rasterpunkten elektrochemisch erzeugt wird und in der zweiten Verfahrensstufe der Werkstoffabtrag thermisch erzeugt wird, nachdem die Maske entfernt wurde.Process according to claims 1 and 3,
characterized by
that in the first process stage the material removal is generated electrochemically using a mask with halftone dots and in the second process stage the material removal is generated thermally after the mask has been removed. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in der ersten Verfahrensstufe der Werkstoffabtrag unter Verwendung einer Maske mit Rasterpunkten mechanisch erzeugt wird und in der zweiten Verfahrensstufe der Werkstoffabtrag elektrochemisch erzeugt wird, nachdem die Maske entfernt wurde.Process according to claims 1 and 3,
characterized by
that in the first process stage the material removal is generated mechanically using a mask with halftone dots and in the second process stage the material removal is generated electrochemically after the mask has been removed. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in der ersten Verfahrensstufe der Werkstoffabtrag unter Verwendung einer Ätzmaske mit Rasterpunkten elektrochemisch erzeugt wird und in der zweiten Verfahrensstufe der Werkstoffabtrag durch einen nochmaligen Werkstoffabtrag elektrochemisch erzeugt wird, nachdem die Ätzmaske entfernt wurde.Process according to claims 1 and 3,
characterized by
that in the first process stage the material removal is generated electrochemically using an etching mask with halftone dots and in the second process stage the material removal is generated electrochemically by a further material removal after the etching mask has been removed. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in der ersten Verfahrensstufe der Werkstoffabtrag unter Verwendung einer Ätzmaske mit Rasterpunkten elektrochemisch erzeugt wird und in der zweiten Verfahrensstufe der Werkstoffabtrag mechanisch erzeugt wird, nachdem die Ätzmaske entfernt wurde.Process according to claims 1 and 3,
characterized by
that in the first process stage the material removal is generated electrochemically using an etching mask with halftone dots and in the second process stage the material removal is generated mechanically after the etching mask has been removed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in der ersten Verfahrensstufe die Maske eine Ätzmaske mit einem Punktraster ist, die vorzugsweise nach einem photochemischen Verfahren auf die Hartchrombeschichtung aufgebracht wird, die Hartchrombeschichtung auf eine definierte Strukturtiefe elektrolytisch geätzt wird und anschließend die Ätzmaske von der Hartchrombeschichtung entfernt wird und in der zweiten Verfahrensstufe die in der ersten Verfahrensstufe erzielte Oberflächenteilstruktur nochmals elektrolytisch zur Erzeugung der endgültigen Oberflächenstruktur geätzt wird.Method according to claims 1 and 3,
characterized by
that in the first process stage the mask is an etching mask with a dot pattern, which is preferably applied to the hard chrome coating by a photochemical process, the hard chrome coating is electrolytically etched to a defined structure depth and then the etching mask is removed from the Hard chrome coating is removed and in the second process stage the surface partial structure achieved in the first process stage is again electrolytically etched to produce the final surface structure. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Ätzmaske in der ersten Verfahrensstufe ein Punktraster in Zufallsverteilung mit Rasterpunkten mit einem Durchmesser von 20 bis 150 µm und einem Mittenabstand von 50 bis 200 µm aufweist und in einer anschließenden zweiten Verfahrensstufe die Hartchrombeschichtung nochmals elektrolytisch bei einer Stromdichte von 200 bis 600 A/dm2, einer Ätzintensität von 50 bis 200 Amin/dm2 mittels eines Elektrolyten, vorzugsweise 10 bis 20%iger Natronlauge, geätzt wird.Method according to claim 5,
characterized by
that the etching mask in the first process stage has a dot pattern in random distribution with raster points with a diameter of 20 to 150 microns and a center distance of 50 to 200 microns and in a subsequent second process stage the hard chrome coating again electrolytically at a current density of 200 to 600 A / dm 2 , an etching intensity of 50 to 200 amine / dm 2 by means of an electrolyte, preferably 10 to 20% sodium hydroxide solution. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 9 und 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Oberfläche des Druckmaschinenzylinders mit einem Vorschub von 20 bis 100 mm/min geätzt wird.Method according to claims 9 and 10,
characterized by
that the surface of the printing press cylinder is etched with a feed of 20 to 100 mm / min. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Hartchrombeschichtung mit einer Vielzahl von unwesentlich unterschiedlich hohen Aufwölbungen sowie mit einem unregelmäßigen Netzwerk von Spalten, Furchen und Aufwölbungen als Oberflächenstruktur mit einer Rauhigkeit von Rz 10 bis 100 µm versehen wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the hard chrome coating is provided with a large number of insignificantly different bulges and with an irregular network of gaps, furrows and bulges as a surface structure with a roughness of R z 10 to 100 microns. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Oberflächenstruktur in der Lage ist, Druckfarbe von einem Bedruckstoff aufzunehmen, die überwiegend an den Bedruckstoff zurückgespaltet wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the surface structure is able to take up printing ink from a printing material, which is mainly split back onto the printing material. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Oberflächenstruktur Bestandteil einer Platte, Folie, eines Aufzuges oder dgl. ist, welche auf einem Druckmaschinenzylinder verwendet wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the surface structure is part of a plate, film, an elevator or the like., Which is used on a printing press cylinder. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Oberflächenstruktur aufeiner einen Bedruckstoff führenden Walze verwendet wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the surface structure is used on a roller carrying a printing material.
EP96106255A 1995-04-26 1996-04-20 Surface structure production, especially for impression cylinders Expired - Lifetime EP0739753B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19515394A DE19515394C1 (en) 1995-04-26 1995-04-26 Producing surface structure for printing machine cylinder
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ITTO20010447A1 (en) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-11 Promotec Srl CUTTING OF METAL SHEETS.
WO2003094784A2 (en) * 2002-05-07 2003-11-20 Ams Research Corporation Urethral prosthesis with tensioning member
EP1889730A1 (en) * 2005-06-06 2008-02-20 Think Laboratory Co., Ltd. Gravure engraving roll and process for producing the same
EP2149447A1 (en) 2008-07-29 2010-02-03 Alcan Technology & Management Ltd. Method for producing a sheet of material with surface structure
DE102014210798A1 (en) * 2014-06-05 2015-12-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Mold, process for its manufacture and use, and plastic film and plastic component

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DE2820549A1 (en) * 1977-06-24 1979-01-04 Von Roll Ag METALLIC CURVED GUIDE FILM
DE4031860A1 (en) * 1990-10-08 1992-04-09 Roland Man Druckmasch METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SURFACE STRUCTURE ON PRINTING CYLINDERS FOR OFFSET PRINTING MACHINES

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NL7509529A (en) * 1975-08-11 1977-02-15 Ultra Centrifuge Nederland Nv PROCESS FOR PROCESSING ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE MATERIALS BY ELECTROCHEMICAL DETERMINATION.
DE3905679A1 (en) * 1989-02-24 1990-08-30 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag METAL FILM AS A LIFT FOR ARCHING CYLINDERS AND / OR DRUMS ON ROTARY PRINTING MACHINES

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DE2030013A1 (en) * 1969-06-30 1971-01-21 International Business Machines Corp , Armonk NY (V St A ) Means for etching metals
DE2820549A1 (en) * 1977-06-24 1979-01-04 Von Roll Ag METALLIC CURVED GUIDE FILM
DE4031860A1 (en) * 1990-10-08 1992-04-09 Roland Man Druckmasch METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SURFACE STRUCTURE ON PRINTING CYLINDERS FOR OFFSET PRINTING MACHINES

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EP0739753B1 (en) 1998-05-20
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JP3188626B2 (en) 2001-07-16
ATE166290T1 (en) 1998-06-15
JPH08300607A (en) 1996-11-19

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