EP0736879B1 - Procédé et dispositif de contrÔle continu de l'activité de poussières - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif de contrÔle continu de l'activité de poussières Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0736879B1 EP0736879B1 EP96400703A EP96400703A EP0736879B1 EP 0736879 B1 EP0736879 B1 EP 0736879B1 EP 96400703 A EP96400703 A EP 96400703A EP 96400703 A EP96400703 A EP 96400703A EP 0736879 B1 EP0736879 B1 EP 0736879B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dust
- acquisition
- activity
- ventilation duct
- detector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100039845 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710112841 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/32—Processing by incineration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/18—Radioactive materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to monitoring the activity of dust emitted especially during dismantling nuclear installations, in particular from the melting of various scrap.
- the object of the invention is therefore to remedy this disadvantage in implementing such an analysis.
- the measurement of the amount of dust can be do it by density measurement, preferably with a photovoltaic cell, while the measurement of the activity can be done with a radiation detector gamma coupled to a multichannel analyzer.
- the transmitter is a laser diode.
- the first detector is advantageously consisting of a photovoltaic cell.
- a temperature sensor placed in the sheath can complete this scheme.
- the placement of the process according to the invention is based on the examination of the kinetics of dust emission at the time of fusion.
- curve A representing the dust temperature as a function of time
- curve B representing dust activity shows a clear preponderant peak when the temperature marks this plateau, that is to say around 60 minutes.
- the activity of dust is relatively localized in time and that its measurement is therefore facilitated. Indeed, if the broadcast of activity was evenly distributed throughout the time of the merger, it would be difficult to detect.
- This instantaneous and continuous detection of the passage activity can therefore direct the dust towards selective filters according to their activity, uncontaminated dust being recycled to recover the iron and decrease the volume of waste.
- the whole phenomenon can be interpreted as separation at the time of fusion between the oxidized layer containing the contamination in relation to its solid support, metal.
- the method according to the invention therefore provides continuously measure the fusion to be able to measure, at the time desired temperature step, the maximum activity of dust coming out of the oven.
- thermodynamic properties of Cs137 conferred higher lability, and therefore it had to appear first compared to Co60. It is not so for this system. Indeed, we are dealing with scrap previously archived and we can assume that the labile contamination is gone. There would only remain deep oxidation for the benefit of occluded pores. On the other hand, the active emission occurs at the moment when the fusion takes place. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the release of pore contents occurs at the time of change of state.
- the realization mentioned here is the one used during the operation of the arc furnace of two MARCOULE units by the depositor.
- This oven is intended to melt scrap from basic nuclear installations to be dismantled.
- This arc furnace has an installed capacity of 6 MW with a capacity of 14 tonnes. It has ventilation allowing operation in a confined environment.
- One of these ventilation ducts is that shown in section transverse in Figure 2 and referenced 1.
- the density measurement of the dust circulating at the interior of the sheath 1 can be done with numerous different types of measuring devices such as a transmitter light radiation associated with a radiation detector corresponding.
- This laser diode is positioned using a tube 5 fixed on the first wall side 2 of the sheath 1.
- the light beam F passes through therefore right through sheath 1 to emerge by a second opposite lateral face 3.
- a first detector is installed light radiation which is a photovoltaic cell 6 in a position as it is able to receive and detect the intensity of the radiation of the light beam F after it has passed through the sheath 1.
- a second tube 7 allows to install this type of photovoltaic cell by being fixed on the second side wall 3.
- the detection of the activity of these dusts is carried out, in this embodiment, with one or more second gamma 9 radiation detectors placed around the sheath 1. They each deliver a signal characteristic of the radiation detected. This signal is sent to an analyzer multichannel 10. The latter allows a selection of one or several detectors 9 and the indications thus selected are addressed to the acquisition unit 11.
- control unit and signal processing, it is possible for an operator to control the start, set the duration of the analysis and synchronize the measurement acquisition conditions, this in real time.
- the acquisition box includes two means of voltage measurement 12A and 12B respectively receiving the signal from the photovoltaic cell and the signals from of the multichannel analyzer 10 constituted by the signals of gamma radiation detection.
- averaging means 14A and 14B connected to the outputs of memories 13A and 13B to provide an indication characteristic of the phenomenon measured over a fixed period.
- the acquisition box is completed advantageously of a chronometer 15 which controls the means of voltage measurement 12A and 12B and the means of calculation of average 14A and 14B.
- the output of these averaging means 14A and 14B is connected to the input of the processing unit 20, in this case a "Powerbook" microcomputer.
- the whole is completed by a device power supply 21 of the diode 4. This is controlled by the control and signal processing unit 20, but can also be ordered by the box acquisition and control 11.
- the acquisition program is stored in the microcomputer constituting the control unit 20. It is thus possible to define a time interval over which is calculated the average of the measured voltages, as well as a total duration of the measure.
- the stopwatch delays the storage of information. After a determined period value, these information is sent to the microcomputer.
- the microcomputer On the right side of the flowchart, we see that the microcomputer is in direct dialogue with the acquisition and ordered. This microcomputer receives the values accumulated by the acquisition and control unit, the average being calculated by determined time intervals. The cycle is continues until the operation is completed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
Description
- mesurer en continu la quantité de poussières pendant leur passage dans une gaine de ventilation du four ; et
- mesurer l'activité liée à ces poussières.
- un émetteur de rayonnement lumineux placé en regard d'une première paroi de la gaine ;
- un premier détecteur de rayonnement lumineux placé en regard de la paroi opposée à la première paroi de la gaine et délivrant un signal caractéristique de la densité du milieu traversé à l'intérieur de la gaine ;
- au moins un deuxième détecteur, de rayonnement gamma placé en regard de la gaine et délivrant un signal caractéristique de l'activité du milieu traversé à l'intérieur de la gaine ; et
- des moyens d'acquisition et de traitement connectés au premier et au(x) deuxième(s) détecteurs pour recevoir lesdits signaux caractéristiques.
- un boítier d'acquisition de commande connecté directement au(x) détecteur(s) ; et
- une unité de commande pour le traitement des signaux reçus et la commande des détecteurs.
- d'un moyen de mesure de tension électrique ;
- d'une mémoire pour enregistrer des valeurs de tension ;
- d'un moyen de calcul de la moyenne des valeurs de tensions électriques ; et
- d'un chronomètre.
- figure 1, deux courbes relatives au déroulement de l'émission de l'activité à mesurer, lors de la fusion de matériaux ;
- figure 2, un schéma du dispositif selon l'invention ; et
- figure 3, un ordinogramme du procédé selon l'invention.
Claims (10)
- Procédé de contrôle de l'activité de poussières émises lors de la fusion, dans un four, d'éléments irradiés, le procédé consistant à :mesurer en continu la quantité de poussières pendant leur passage dans une gaine de ventilation (1) du four ; etmesurer l'activité liée à ces poussières.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la mesure de la quantité de poussières se fait par la mesure de la densité des poussières avec une cellule photovoltaïque (6), tandis que la mesure de l'activité se fait avec au moins un détecteur de rayonnement gamma (9) couplé à un analyseur multicanal (10).
- Dispositif de contrôle de l'activité de poussières émises lors de la fusion dans un four de matériaux irradiés évoluant dans une gaine de ventilation (1), comprenant :un émetteur de rayonnement lumineux (4) placé en regard d'une première paroi (2) de la gaine de ventilation (1) ;un détecteur de rayonnement lumineux (6) placé en regard d'une paroi opposée (3) à la première paroi latérale (2) de la gaine de ventilation (1) et délivrant un signal caractéristique de la densité du milieu traversé à l'intérieur de la gaine de ventilation (1) ;au moins un détecteur de rayonnement gamma (9) placé en regard de la gaine de ventilation (1) et délivrant un signal caractéristique de l'activité du milieu traversé à l'intérieur de la gaine de ventilation (1) ; etdes moyens (11, 20) d'acquisition et de traitement connectés au premier et au(x) deuxième(s) détecteurs (6, 9) et recevant lesdits signaux caractéristiques de la densité et de l'activité des poussières.
- Dispositif de contrôle selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les lecteurs (4)sont des diodes laser.
- Dispositif de contrôle selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le premier détecteur (6) est une cellule photovoltaïque.
- Dispositif de contrôle selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'acquisition de traitement comportent :un boítier d'acquisition et de commande (11) connecté au premier détecteur (6) et second(s) détecteur(s) (9) ; etune unité de commande (20) pour le traitement des signaux et la commande des détecteurs.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un analyseur multicanal (10) placé entre le ou les deuxième(s) détecteur(s) (9) et le boítier d'acquisition de traitement (11).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de traitement (20) est un microordinateur.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le boítier d'acquisition et de traitement comprend :deux moyens de mesure de tension (12A et 12B) ;deux mémoires (13A, 13B) pour enregistrer les valeurs de tensions mesurées ;deux moyens de calculs de la moyenne des valeurs (14A, 14B) ; etun chronomètre (15).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un capteur de température (22) placé à l'intérieur de la gaine (1) et relié au(x) moyen(s) d'acquisition et de traitement.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9503874A FR2732475B1 (fr) | 1995-04-03 | 1995-04-03 | Procede et dispositif de controle continu de l'activite de poussieres |
FR9503874 | 1995-04-03 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0736879A1 EP0736879A1 (fr) | 1996-10-09 |
EP0736879B1 true EP0736879B1 (fr) | 1999-07-21 |
Family
ID=9477666
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96400703A Expired - Lifetime EP0736879B1 (fr) | 1995-04-03 | 1996-04-01 | Procédé et dispositif de contrÔle continu de l'activité de poussières |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5693949A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0736879B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH08327741A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69603308T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2135853T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2732475B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005015754A1 (de) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-27 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Lüftungsgerät |
FR2917842A1 (fr) * | 2007-06-19 | 2008-12-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif et methode de comptage de particules elementaires emises par un fluide dans un conduit. |
FR2966759B1 (fr) * | 2010-11-02 | 2014-01-24 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede optimise de decoupe par laser, vis-a-vis de la quantite d'aerosols |
CN111992160B (zh) * | 2020-07-09 | 2022-06-28 | 中国人民解放军63653部队 | 一种可固化放射性污染砂土的自蔓延高温合成系统 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4092539A (en) * | 1976-07-23 | 1978-05-30 | General Electric Company | Radiation monitor |
US4158769A (en) * | 1977-10-20 | 1979-06-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Determination of uranium content in material |
US4700637A (en) * | 1981-11-27 | 1987-10-20 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Volume reduction of low-level radiation waste by incineration |
ES2008214A6 (es) * | 1987-09-14 | 1989-07-16 | Tecnicas Especiales De Reducci | Sistema incinerador movil para residuos solidos radioactivos de baja actividad. |
US4782773A (en) * | 1987-09-25 | 1988-11-08 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Method for controlling incineration in combustor for radioactive wastes |
JP2543137B2 (ja) * | 1988-06-06 | 1996-10-16 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 粉塵濃度測定装置 |
JP2818253B2 (ja) * | 1990-04-12 | 1998-10-30 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 放射性物質で汚染された鉄系スクラップの溶解方法 |
-
1995
- 1995-04-03 FR FR9503874A patent/FR2732475B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-04-01 ES ES96400703T patent/ES2135853T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-01 DE DE69603308T patent/DE69603308T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-01 EP EP96400703A patent/EP0736879B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-03 JP JP8104793A patent/JPH08327741A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-04-03 US US08/627,123 patent/US5693949A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0736879A1 (fr) | 1996-10-09 |
DE69603308D1 (de) | 1999-08-26 |
US5693949A (en) | 1997-12-02 |
ES2135853T3 (es) | 1999-11-01 |
JPH08327741A (ja) | 1996-12-13 |
FR2732475B1 (fr) | 1997-04-30 |
FR2732475A1 (fr) | 1996-10-04 |
DE69603308T2 (de) | 2000-04-06 |
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