EP0736629A1 - Process and apparatus for applying an adhesive layer and road surface having such a layer - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for applying an adhesive layer and road surface having such a layer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0736629A1
EP0736629A1 EP96400585A EP96400585A EP0736629A1 EP 0736629 A1 EP0736629 A1 EP 0736629A1 EP 96400585 A EP96400585 A EP 96400585A EP 96400585 A EP96400585 A EP 96400585A EP 0736629 A1 EP0736629 A1 EP 0736629A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bituminous
emulsion
layer
breaking agent
application
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Granted
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EP96400585A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0736629B1 (en
Inventor
Graziella Durand
Pierre Montmory
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Colas SA
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Colas SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
    • E01C7/185—Isolating, separating or connecting intermediate layers, e.g. adhesive layers; Transmission of shearing force in horizontal intermediate planes, e.g. by protrusions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
    • E01C19/16—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials for applying or spreading liquid materials, e.g. bitumen slurries
    • E01C19/17—Application by spraying or throwing
    • E01C19/176—Spraying or throwing elements, e.g. nozzles; Arrangement thereof or supporting structures therefor, e.g. spray-bars

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of the use of road-type coatings, and more specifically relates to the process for obtaining a bonding layer allowing bonding, of a layer of bituminous mixes on a support.
  • the roadway comprises several successive layers of asphalt. These layers are linked together by a bonding layer.
  • the lower asphalt layer then plays, vis-à-vis the bonding layer, the role of support layer.
  • the drying and the breaking of the emulsion are carried out in a very short time, by bringing the bonding layer into contact with the hot mixes. This results in an impossibility of controlling the bonding layer thus produced, both in quantity and in quality.
  • the breaking agent is sprayed onto the bituminous emulsion brush falling from the spreader.
  • the breaking agent can be an aqueous solution, of concentration between 5 and 35%, of a strong mineral base, such as sodium hydroxide, or of an anionic surfactant, such as an alkyl (C 10 -C 20 ) sulfate, or a mixture thereof.
  • the quantity of solution of breaking agent projected generally corresponds to 0.2 to 1% by weight of agent relative to the weight of the emulsion to be treated.
  • emulsion A a solution without a breaking agent
  • emulsion B a solution of an anionic breaking agent
  • emulsion C a solution of anionic polymeric breaking agent.
  • the solution of the breaking agent 7 corresponds to the dilution of one part of pure product for two parts of water.
  • the application is made at room temperature, and the dosage corresponds to an amount of 6 g / m 2 of pure product.
  • Emulsion A does not make it possible to obtain a breaking speed of the bituminous emulsion 5 of less than 15 min. This leads to bonding phenomena, and poor quality of the bonding layer thus deposited.
  • the rupture takes place within 3 min following the application. After 5 minutes, the deposited layer is non-sticky and can be circulated. The layer thus deposited makes it possible to avoid the phenomena of bonding and degradation. These properties are also appreciated by the personnel carrying out the implementation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The procedure consists of applying a surfactant (6) to the base layer (4), followed by a bitumen-bound material (3) sprayed with bituminous emulsion (3). The emulsion is sprayed with a breaking agent (7), e.g. as it is applied, to leave a non-adhesive surface. The bituminous emulsion contains between 40 and 70 wt.% of a binding agent, and is cationic in nature, while the breaking agent is an aq. soln. of an anionic surfactant or polymer, e.g. polymer salts or acrylic acid-based copolymer.

Description

L'invention est du domaine de la mise en oeuvre de revêtements, de type routier, et concerne plus précisément le procédé d'obtention d'une couche d'accrochage permettant le collage, d'une couche d'enrobés bitumineux sur un support.The invention is in the field of the use of road-type coatings, and more specifically relates to the process for obtaining a bonding layer allowing bonding, of a layer of bituminous mixes on a support.

L'invention concerne aussi le revêtement de type routier comprenant une couche d'accrochage obtenue par le procédé.The invention also relates to the road-type coating comprising a bonding layer obtained by the method.

L'invention concerne encore une machine de construction permettant la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.The invention also relates to a construction machine allowing the implementation of this method.

La réalisation d'un revêtement, de type routier, résulte de la mise en oeuvre de couches successives. Parmi ces différentes couches, au moins une couche bitumineuse recouvre une couche inférieure, appelée couche-support. La nature de la couche support peut être relativement variée, en béton, en pavé, ou en enrobés bitumineux par exemple. L'état de ce support est aussi l'objet de nombreuses variations. Il peut être neuf ou vieux, pauvre ou ressuant, rugueux ou lisse, humide ou sec, poussiéreux ou non, etc.... .The production of a road-type coating results from the implementation of successive layers. Among these different layers, at least one bituminous layer covers a lower layer, called the support layer. The nature of the support layer can be relatively varied, in concrete, in paving, or in bituminous mixes for example. The state of this support is also subject to numerous variations. It can be new or old, poor or thick, rough or smooth, wet or dry, dusty or not, etc.

Une couche d'accrochage permet d'assurer le collage entre la couche d'enrobés bitumineux et son support. Son rôle est également d'assurer l'imperméabilité de la chaussée. En général, on évite de réaliser cette couche à partir d'un liant anhydre qui présente un risque d'emprisonnement des fluxants entre les deux couches situées de part et d'autre, et que les faibles dosages de liant bitumineux à mettre en oeuvre pour les couches d'accrochage sont incompatibles avec les moyens d'épandage traditionnels: 300 à 600 grammes de bitume résiduel au m2.A bonding layer makes it possible to ensure bonding between the layer of bituminous mixes and its support. Its role is also to ensure the impermeability of the roadway. In general, this layer is avoided from an anhydrous binder which presents a risk of entrainment of the fluxes between the two layers situated on either side, and that the low dosages of bituminous binder to be used for the bonding layers are incompatible with traditional spreading methods: 300 to 600 grams of residual bitumen per m 2 .

Dans certaines réalisations la chaussée comprend plusieurs couches successives d'enrobés. Ces couches sont reliées entre elles par une couche d'accrochage. La couche inférieure d'enrobés joue alors, vis-à-vis de la couche d'accrochage, le rôle de couche support.In certain embodiments, the roadway comprises several successive layers of asphalt. These layers are linked together by a bonding layer. The lower asphalt layer then plays, vis-à-vis the bonding layer, the role of support layer.

Dans certains cas, la couche supérieure de la chaussée est revêtue d'un enduit superficiel. Ce dépôt permet de redonner certaines propriétés de surface, notamment de rugosité et d'imperméabilité, au revêtement usé. Ces enduits sont composés de liants hydrocarbonés, rendus fluides pour l'épandage soit sous forme d'émulsion aqueuse, soit par adjonction au bitume de fractions légères de distillation du pétrole ou de la houille. Il peut s'agir d'enduits anhydres qui sont des mélanges de bitumes et de produits hydrocarbonés.In some cases, the top layer of the roadway is coated with a surface coating. This deposit allows restore certain surface properties, notably roughness and impermeability, to the worn coating. These coatings are composed of hydrocarbon binders, made fluid for spreading either in the form of an aqueous emulsion, or by adding light fractions of petroleum or coal distillation to the bitumen. They can be anhydrous coatings which are mixtures of bitumens and hydrocarbon products.

De nombreuses études ont fait ressortir l'importance et les propriétés requises de la couche d'accrochage. Des couches d'accrochage de qualité insuffisante génèrent des phénomènes de décollement des couches de la chaussée. Ce phénomène fréquemment constaté conduit à des travaux d'entretien lourds et onéreux. Les normes et cahier des charges précisent que la couche d'accrochage doit être régulière et continue et qu'en aucun cas, elle n'est sablée.Numerous studies have highlighted the importance and the required properties of the bonding layer. Bonding layers of insufficient quality generate detachment phenomena from the pavement layers. This frequently observed phenomenon leads to heavy and expensive maintenance work. The standards and specifications specify that the bonding layer must be regular and continuous and that in no case is it sanded.

Cette couche d'accrochage est généralement réalisée avec une émulsion cationique de bitume pur ou de bitume modifié. Les dosages habituels préconisés sont compris entre 300 et 600 g de bitume résiduel au m2. Le dosage dépend de l'état du support et de la nature des enrobés utilisés.This bonding layer is generally produced with a cationic emulsion of pure bitumen or modified bitumen. The usual recommended dosages are between 300 and 600 g of residual bitumen per m 2 . The dosage depends on the state of the support and the nature of the mix used.

Il existe actuellement plusieurs méthodes permettant la mise en oeuvre d'une couche d'accrochage.There are currently several methods for implementing a bonding layer.

Dans une méthode, que nous appellerons traditionnelle, une couche d'émulsion est déposée par une machine du type répandeuse, comportant une citerne et une rampe d'épandage. L'application est faite sur plusieurs dizaines de mètres, parfois quelques centaines, en avant d'un atelier de mise en oeuvre et le dépôt d'un enrobé bitumineux.In a method, which we will call traditional, an emulsion layer is deposited by a machine of the spreader type, comprising a tank and a spreading ramp. The application is made over several tens of meters, sometimes a few hundred, in front of an implementation workshop and the deposit of a bituminous mix.

Cette méthode, bien que très employée, ne donne que moyennement satisfaction et présente de nombreux inconvénients. La durée de rupture des émulsions employées est généralement supérieure à 30 minutes, de telle sorte que les pneus des camions, approvisionnant le chantier, roulant sur la couche fraîche, réduisent par endroits l'épaisseur de la couche résiduelle et provoquent une pollution, par entraînement de bitume, des voies qu'ils empruntent par la suite. D'autre part, des éléments de cette couche d'accrochage sont emportés par les chenilles du finisseur, servant au dépôt de la couche d'enrobés, qui roule sur la couche d'accrochage. Cette dégradation prématurée de la couche d'accrochage provoque par endroit une remontée de l'émulsion à travers l'enrobé, provoquant un glaçage de surface du revêtement. Lorsque le support a une faible cohésion, le décollement par plaque de la couche d'accrochage, entraînant une partie des éléments du support, conduit à la formation de trous et de bosses. Dans tous les cas, le défaut de couche d'accrochage entre les deux couches d'enrobés bitumineux, dû à son arrachement, induit un collage très irrégulier et donc insuffisant de ces deux couches entre elles.This method, although widely used, is only moderately satisfactory and has many drawbacks. The breaking time of the emulsions used is generally greater than 30 minutes, so that the tires of the trucks, supplying the site, rolling on the fresh layer, reduce in places the thickness of the residual layer and cause pollution, by bitumen entrainment, of the paths which they follow thereafter. On the other hand, elements of this bonding layer are carried away by the tracks of the paver, used for depositing the coating layer, which rolls on the bonding layer. This premature degradation of the bonding layer in places causes the emulsion to rise through the asphalt, causing the coating to glaze. When the support has a low cohesion, the separation by plate of the bonding layer, causing a part of the elements of the support, leads to the formation of holes and bumps. In all cases, the lack of a bonding layer between the two layers of bituminous mixes, due to its tearing, induces a very irregular and therefore insufficient bonding of these two layers between them.

Il a été proposé, depuis quelques années, des dispositifs associés au finisseur qui permettent d'appliquer la couche d'accrochage juste avant la pose de l'enrobée. Cependant, cette façon de procéder présente aussi de nombreux inconvénients.It has been proposed, for a few years, devices associated with the paver which make it possible to apply the bonding layer just before laying the asphalt. However, this procedure also has many drawbacks.

Lorsque les moyens de répandage sont disposés à l'avant du finisseur, les roues ou les chenilles de l'ensemble mobile sont amenées à circuler sur la couche fraîchement répandue, et donc à la dégrader. D'autre part, les finisseurs sont destinés à réaliser des revêtements sur des chaussées de largeur variable, il est alors nécessaire de prévoir un dispositif de rampes réglables. En outre, les vitesses de déplacement du finisseur (3m/mn à 6m/mn) sont beaucoup plus lentes que celles des répandeuses classiques (30m/mn à 150 m/mn). Il en résulte que le débit du liant doit être adapté. L'ensemble de ces conditions conduit à des dispositifs de rampes complexes, et à des conditions de réglage délicates, conduisant difficilement à réaliser une couche d'accrochage très homogène.When the spreading means are arranged at the front of the finisher, the wheels or the tracks of the mobile assembly are caused to circulate on the freshly spread layer, and therefore to degrade it. On the other hand, the pavers are intended to make pavements on pavements of variable width, it is then necessary to provide an adjustable ramp device. In addition, the paver movement speeds (3m / min to 6m / min) are much slower than those of conventional spreaders (30m / min to 150m / min). As a result, the flow rate of the binder must be adapted. All of these conditions lead to complex ramp devices, and to delicate adjustment conditions, making it difficult to produce a very homogeneous bonding layer.

Cette méthode conduit aussi à des difficultés d'approvisionnement des différents matériaux, sur les véhicules, dont l'autonomie n'est pas toujours synchronisée.This method also leads to difficulties in supplying the various materials, on vehicles, whose autonomy is not always synchronized.

Dans cette méthode, le séchage et la rupture de l'émulsion sont effectués dans un temps très court, par mise en contact de la couche d'accrochage avec les enrobés chauds. Il en résulte une impossibilité de contrôle de la couche d'accrochage ainsi réalisée, aussi bien en quantité qu'en qualité.In this method, the drying and the breaking of the emulsion are carried out in a very short time, by bringing the bonding layer into contact with the hot mixes. This results in an impossibility of controlling the bonding layer thus produced, both in quantity and in quality.

Il a encore été proposé de réaliser une couche d'accrochage par dépôt de fines capsules contenant un liant bitumineux anhydre. Ces capsules comportent une enveloppe en un matériau solide et stable à la température ambiante, et qui fond et se dégrade à la température de mise en oeuvre de l'enrobé afin de libérer le liant. Cette idée est très difficile à mettre en oeuvre, et ne permet pas d'assurer une répartition homogène de la couche d'accrochage sur toute la surface du support.It has also been proposed to produce a bonding layer by depositing fine capsules containing an anhydrous bituminous binder. These capsules comprise an envelope made of a solid material which is stable at room temperature, and which melts and degrades at the processing temperature of the mix in order to release the binder. This idea is very difficult to implement, and does not ensure a uniform distribution of the bonding layer over the entire surface of the support.

Or, un mauvais collage entraîne systématiquement une faiblesse dans la structure de la chaussée, et une dégradation par fatigue plus rapide.However, poor bonding systematically leads to weakness in the structure of the roadway, and faster fatigue degradation.

Le but de l'invention est d'éviter ces inconvénients. C'est aussi de disposer d'un procédé permettant une rupture rapide de l'émulsion bitumineuse, une absence de collage aux pneus des engins approvisionneurs et des véhicules qui seraient amenés à circuler accidentellement sur cette couche fraîchement répandue, une bonne résistance au passage des chenilles du finisseur, d'adapter la viscosité du liant de l'émulsion utilisée aux conditions climatiques locales, d'assurer un collage parfait de la couche d'accrochage au support, et plus particulièrement lorsque celui-ci est humide, et encore de permettre la possibilité d'effectuer des contrôles de qualités et de quantités sur la couche de collage mise en oeuvre.The object of the invention is to avoid these drawbacks. It is also to have a process allowing a rapid rupture of the bituminous emulsion, an absence of sticking to the tires of the supplying machines and of the vehicles which would be accidentally circulating on this freshly spread layer, good resistance to the passage of tracks of the finisher, to adapt the viscosity of the binder of the emulsion used to local climatic conditions, to ensure perfect bonding of the bonding layer to the support, and more particularly when the latter is wet, and also to allow the possibility of carrying out quality and quantity checks on the bonding layer used.

Un but de l'invention est encore de disposer du revêtement de type routier comprenant une couche d'accrochage obtenue par ce procédé.Another object of the invention is to provide the road-type coating comprising a bonding layer obtained by this method.

Un autre but est encore de disposer d'une machine de construction de chaussées permettant la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.Another object is still to have a pavement construction machine allowing the implementation of this process.

L'invention concerne un procédé d'obtention d'une couche d'accrochage, d'une couche d'enrobés bitumineux sur un support, par répandage d'une émulsion bitumineuse. Selon l'invention le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes:

  • application d'un agent tensioactif sur le support,
  • application de la composition bitumineuse,
  • application d'un agent de rupture.
The invention relates to a method for obtaining a bonding layer, a layer of bituminous mixes on a support, by spreading a bituminous emulsion. According to the invention, the method comprises the following stages:
  • application of a surfactant on the support,
  • application of the bituminous composition,
  • application of a breaking agent.

L'application de l'agent tensioactif sur le support conduit à une amélioration notable du collage de la couche d'accrochage sur celui-ci, quelle que soit sa nature et son état. L'émulsion utilisée est soit une émulsion de bitume pur, soit une émulsion de bitume modifié par des polymères. Cette émulsion ne comporte pas de fluxant. Cette qualité permet d'éviter toute remontée de ces fluxants dans l'enrobé. Cette remontée est susceptible de ramollir le liant de l'enrobé de surface, et ainsi de provoquer l'apparition de zones ressuantes, d'ornières ou de trous, par le trafic.The application of the surfactant to the support leads to a significant improvement in the bonding of the bonding layer thereto, whatever its nature and its state. The emulsion used is either a pure bitumen emulsion or a polymer-modified bitumen emulsion. This emulsion does not contain a flux. This quality avoids any rise of these fluxes in the mix. This rise is likely to soften the binder of the surface mix, and thus cause the appearance of sticky areas, ruts or holes, by traffic.

D'autres caractéristiques techniques peuvent être combinées pour l'obtention d'avantages spécifiques.Other technical characteristics can be combined to obtain specific advantages.

Dans le cas le plus usuel des émulsions cationiques, l'agent de rupture est projeté sur le pinceau d'émulsion bitumineuse tombant de la répandeuse.In the most usual case of cationic emulsions, the breaking agent is sprayed onto the bituminous emulsion brush falling from the spreader.

Dans le cas général, l'agent de rupture est projeté sur l'émulsion bitumineuse, dans ce cas particulier, la solution de l'agent de rupture est projetée simultanément à l'émulsion bitumineuse tombant de la répandeuse. Cette disposition, bien que préférée, n'est pas indispensable. Elle permet la rupture dans la masse, de l'émulsion bitumineuse.In the general case, the breaking agent is sprayed onto the bituminous emulsion, in this particular case, the solution of the breaking agent is sprayed simultaneously with the bituminous emulsion falling from the spreader. This arrangement, although preferred, is not essential. It allows the break in the mass of the bituminous emulsion.

L'émulsion bitumineuse comprend un liant dont la teneur est comprise entre 40 et 70% en poids.The bituminous emulsion comprises a binder whose content is between 40 and 70% by weight.

Le bitume utilisé pour la constitution de l'émulsion est pris parmi les classes 180/220, 70/100, 60/70, 35/50, et 25/35. Ce procédé permet l'emploi d'une émulsion de bitume dur. Le choix de l'émulsion utilisée peut être fait en adéquation avec les conditions climatiques, de température et d'hygrométrie, relatives à la période et à l'endroit de mise en oeuvre du procédé.The bitumen used for the constitution of the emulsion is taken from classes 180/220, 70/100, 60/70, 35/50, and 25/35. This process allows the use of a hard bitumen emulsion. The choice of emulsion used can be made in accordance with the climatic, temperature and hygrometric conditions, relating to the period and the place of implementation of the process.

Dans le cas, le plus usuel, des émulsions cationiques, l'agent de rupture appliqué, est une solution aqueuse d'au moins l'un des produits pris dans la liste des bases fortes, des tensioactifs anioniques ou des polymères anioniques. Dans le cas de l'utilisation d'une émulsion anionique, l'agent de rupture appliqué, est une solution aqueuse d'au moins l'un des produits mis dans la liste des acides forts, des tensioactifs cationiques, ou des polymères cationiques par exemple de type ammonium quaternaire. L'application de l'agent de rupture permet une solidification rapide de la couche d'accrochage. Ce phénomène permet d'éviter le collage de la couche aux pneus des engins qui seraient amenés à circuler sur le dépôt. Cette absence de collage par le dessus, est également appréciée du personnel effectuant la mise en oeuvre. Le chantier est ainsi plus facilement propre.In the most usual case, cationic emulsions, the breaking agent applied, is an aqueous solution of at least one of the products taken from the list of strong bases, anionic surfactants or anionic polymers. In the case of the use of an anionic emulsion, the breaking agent applied is an aqueous solution of at least one of the products placed on the list of strong acids, cationic surfactants, or cationic polymers by example of quaternary ammonium type. The application of the breaking agent allows rapid solidification of the bonding layer. This phenomenon makes it possible to avoid sticking of the layer to the tires of the machines which would have to circulate on the depot. This absence of bonding from above is also appreciated by the personnel carrying out the implementation. The site is therefore more easily cleaned.

Dans une solution préférée, l'agent de rupture est un polymère anionique, qui du fait de sa charge et de sa structure moléculaire à longue chaîne favorise l'agglomération des particules de bitume. On entend par polymère anionique, des sels de polymères ou de copolymères à base d'acide acrylique, par exemple un polyacrylate de sodium, d'ammonium ou de potassium, ou encore un sel sodique d'un copolymère d'acide acrylique et d'acrylamide. De plus, il s'agit de polymères anioniques en milieu de pH neutre, et non pas seulement en milieu de pH acide. Ces rupteurs ne sont ni corrosifs, ni toxiques, ce qui rend leur utilisation facile et limitent les dangers impliqués par leur mise en oeuvre.In a preferred solution, the breaking agent is an anionic polymer, which due to its charge and its long chain molecular structure promotes the agglomeration of bitumen particles. The term “anionic polymer” means salts of polymers or copolymers based on acrylic acid, for example a sodium, ammonium or potassium polyacrylate, or alternatively a sodium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide. In addition, they are anionic polymers in a neutral pH medium, and not only in an acidic pH medium. These breakers are neither corrosive nor toxic, which makes them easy to use and limits the dangers involved in their use.

L'invention concerne également un revêtement de type routier, composé de couches successives, comprenant au moins une couche support et une couche bitumineuse. Au moins, une couche bitumineuse reliée à une couche inférieure par l'intermédiaire d'une couche d'accrochage obtenue par le procédé selon l'invention ou l'un de ces modes particuliers de mise en oeuvre.The invention also relates to a road-type coating, composed of successive layers, comprising at least one support layer and one bituminous layer. At least one bituminous layer connected to a lower layer by means of a bonding layer obtained by the method according to the invention or one of these particular modes of implementation.

L'invention concerne également une machine de construction de chaussée, comportant sur un châssis, monté sur des moyens de déplacement, des moyens d'épandage d'une émulsion bitumineuse, et comprenant également des moyens d'application d'un agent tensioactif et des moyens d'application d'un agent de rupture de la composition bitumineuse.The invention also relates to a pavement construction machine, comprising on a chassis, mounted on displacement means, means for spreading a bituminous emulsion, and also comprising means for applying a surfactant and means for applying an agent for breaking the bituminous composition.

Cette machine permet ainsi la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'obtention d'une couche d'accrochage selon l'invention.This machine thus allows the implementation of the process for obtaining a bonding layer according to the invention.

D'autres caractéristiques, buts et avantages ressortiront de la description suivante, donnée à titre d'exemple et sans caractères limitatif, en regard des dessins annexés, sur lesquels:Other characteristics, aims and advantages will emerge from the following description, given by way of example and without limitation, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

La Figure 1 représente, vue de côté, une machine de construction de chaussée, permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention.Figure 1 shows, side view, a pavement construction machine, allowing the implementation of the method according to the invention.

La Figure 2 représente, un détail de l'ensemble des moyens d'épandage et d'application équipant le véhicule de la voiture 1.FIG. 2 represents a detail of all of the spreading and application means equipping the vehicle of car 1.

La machine 1 de construction de chaussée, représentée à la Figure 1, est du type épandeuse. Elle comporte sur un châssis, monté sur des moyens 2 de déplacement, des moyens d'épandage 9 d'une émulsion bitumineuse 5. Cette machine 1 comprend également des moyens d'application 10 d'un agent tensioactif 6 et, d'autres moyens d'application 11, d'un agent de rupture 7 de la composition bitumineuse 5.The pavement construction machine 1, shown in Figure 1, is of the spreader type. It comprises on a chassis, mounted on displacement means 2, spreading means 9 for a bituminous emulsion 5. This machine 1 also comprises means 10 for applying a surfactant 6 and, other means application 11, a breaking agent 7 of the bituminous composition 5.

L'ensemble de ces moyens 9, 10, 11 permet la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'obtention d'une couche d'accrochage à prise rapide. Cet ensemble est schématisé à la Figure 2. Un premier moyen 10 d'application, composé d'une rampe munie de buses, permet de déposer sur la couche-support 4 une solution d'agent tensioactif 6. Sur cette couche 4 ainsi traitée, est épandue une solution bitumineuse 5. Dans cet exemple, une solution d'agent de rupture 7 est projetée simultanément sur l'émulsion. Dans ce cas, l'agent de rupture 7 est appliqué sur le pinceau 8 de l'émulsion bitumineuse 5. Le pinceau 8 de l'émulsion correspond au produit compris dans la zone située entre les moyens d'épandage 9 et le sol.All of these means 9, 10, 11 allow the implementation of the process for obtaining a fast setting bonding layer. This assembly is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2. A first application means 10, composed of a ramp provided with nozzles, makes it possible to deposit on the support layer 4 a solution of surfactant 6. On this layer 4 thus treated, a bituminous solution 5 is spread. In this example, a solution of breaking agent 7 is sprayed simultaneously on the emulsion. In this case, the breaking agent 7 is applied to the brush 8 of the bituminous emulsion 5. The brush 8 of the emulsion corresponds to the product included in the zone located between the spreading means 9 and the ground.

L'agent de rupture 7 est projeté sur l'émulsion bitumineuse 5, et de façon préférée sur le pinceau 8 de l'émulsion. Une solution équivalente consiste aussi à projeter l'agent de rupture 7 sur une partie seulement du pinceau 8 d'émulsion. Cette partie pouvant être située dans la moitié inférieure du pinceau 8. L'angle d'incidence du jet d'agent de rupture 7 peut être choisi en fonction de la puissance du jet, des produits utilisés et des conditions atmosphériques.The breaking agent 7 is sprayed onto the bituminous emulsion 5, and preferably onto the brush 8 of the emulsion. An equivalent solution also consists in spraying the breaking agent 7 onto only part of the emulsion brush 8. This part can be located in the lower half of the brush 8. The angle of incidence of the jet of breaking agent 7 can be chosen according to the power of the jet, the products used and the atmospheric conditions.

Divers agents de rupture des émulsions d'hydrocarbure sont connus: leur action résulte généralement d'une réaction de neutralisation ou encore de précipitation du milieu émulsionné. La nature de l'agent de rupture dépend essentiellement du bitume émulsionné et de l'agent émulsifiant. Dans le cas d'une émulsion cationique, de pH supérieur à 1,0 et contenant 60 à 75% en poids de liant bitumineux et de 0,1 à 0,5% en poids d'un émulsifiant de type chlorhydrate d'amine grasse ou d'imidazoline, l'agent de rupture peut être une solution aqueuse, de concentration comprise entre 5 et 35%, d'une base forte minérale, comme l'hydroxyde de sodium, ou d'un agent tensioactif anionique, comme un alkyl (C10-C20) sulfate, ou un de leurs mélanges. La quantité de solution d'agent de rupture projetée correspond généralement à 0,2 à 1% en poids d'agent par rapport au poids de l'émulsion à traiter.Various agents for breaking hydrocarbon emulsions are known: their action generally results from a neutralization reaction or even from precipitation of the emulsified medium. The nature of the breaking agent depends essentially on the emulsified bitumen and the emulsifying agent. In the case of a cationic emulsion, of pH greater than 1.0 and containing 60 to 75% by weight of bituminous binder and from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of an emulsifier of the fatty amine hydrochloride type or imidazoline, the breaking agent can be an aqueous solution, of concentration between 5 and 35%, of a strong mineral base, such as sodium hydroxide, or of an anionic surfactant, such as an alkyl (C 10 -C 20 ) sulfate, or a mixture thereof. The quantity of solution of breaking agent projected generally corresponds to 0.2 to 1% by weight of agent relative to the weight of the emulsion to be treated.

On préfère utiliser une émulsion de bitume dur, de pénétration 35/50, dont la teneur en liant est de préférence comprise entre 55 et 65% en poids. La température d'application de l'émulsion étant comprise entre 60 et 80°C.It is preferred to use an emulsion of hard bitumen, with a penetration of 35/50, the content of binder of which is preferably between 55 and 65% by weight. The application temperature of the emulsion is between 60 and 80 ° C.

Dans ce qui suit, on compare trois exemples de mise en oeuvre de procédé d'obtention d'une couche d'accrochage.In what follows, three examples of implementation of a method for obtaining a bonding layer are compared.

Dans ces exemples, l'émulsion bitumineuse 5 contient 60% de bitume pur, de classe 35/60, et dont la formule chimique comprend 0,3% en poids d'imidazopolyamine. La température d'application de cette émulsion est comprise entre 60 et 80°C. Le dosage de cette émulsion correspond à une quantité de 1 kg/m2.In these examples, the bituminous emulsion 5 contains 60% of pure bitumen, of class 35/60, the chemical formula of which comprises 0.3% by weight of imidazopolyamine. The application temperature of this emulsion is between 60 and 80 ° C. The dosage of this emulsion corresponds to an amount of 1 kg / m 2 .

L'émulsion d'agent tensioactif 6 est une préparation à base d'alkylamido polyamine et d'alkyl imidazo polyamine en solution organique, de dilution correspondante à une partie de produit pur pour neuf partie d'eau. Cette solution étant appliquée à température ambiante, et d'un dosage de 50 g/m2.The surfactant emulsion 6 is a preparation based on alkylamido polyamine and alkyl imidazo polyamine in organic solution, with dilution corresponding to one part of pure product for nine parts of water. This solution being applied at room temperature, and at a dosage of 50 g / m 2 .

Trois solutions d'agents de rupture 7, permettent de faire des comparaisons. Nous appellerons l'émulsion A, une solution sans agent de rupture, l'émulsion B, une solution d'un agent rupteur anionique, et l'émulsion C, une solution d'agent rupteur polymère anionique. La solution de l'agent de rupture 7 correspond à la dilution d'une partie de produit pur pour deux parties d'eau. L'application est faite à température ambiante, et le dosage correspond à une quantité de 6 g/m2 de produit pur.Three solutions of disrupting agents 7 make it possible to make comparisons. We will call emulsion A, a solution without a breaking agent, emulsion B, a solution of an anionic breaking agent, and emulsion C, a solution of anionic polymeric breaking agent. The solution of the breaking agent 7 corresponds to the dilution of one part of pure product for two parts of water. The application is made at room temperature, and the dosage corresponds to an amount of 6 g / m 2 of pure product.

L'émulsion A ne permet pas d'obtenir une vitesse de rupture de l'émulsion bitumineuse 5 inférieure à 15 mn. Ceci entraîne des phénomènes de collage, et une médiocre qualité de la couche d'accrochage ainsi déposée.Emulsion A does not make it possible to obtain a breaking speed of the bituminous emulsion 5 of less than 15 min. This leads to bonding phenomena, and poor quality of the bonding layer thus deposited.

Dans le cas de l'émulsion B, la rupture s'opère après 5 mn. Cependant, après ce délai de 5 mn, le film déposé est toujours légèrement collant.In the case of emulsion B, the rupture takes place after 5 min. However, after this 5 min delay, the deposited film is still slightly sticky.

Dans le cas de l'émulsion C, la rupture a lieu dans les 3 mn qui suivent l'application. Après un délai de 5 mn, la couche déposée est non collante et peut être circulée. La couche ainsi déposée, permet d'éviter les phénomènes de collage et de dégradation. Ces propriétés sont également appréciées du personnel effectuant la mise en oeuvre.In the case of emulsion C, the rupture takes place within 3 min following the application. After 5 minutes, the deposited layer is non-sticky and can be circulated. The layer thus deposited makes it possible to avoid the phenomena of bonding and degradation. These properties are also appreciated by the personnel carrying out the implementation.

Le procédé d'obtention d'une couche d'accrochage, utilisant l'émulsion C, peut être réalisé sur un support humide et/ou légèrement poussiéreux, la couche d'accrochage conservant les propriétés précédemment citées.The process for obtaining a bonding layer, using emulsion C, can be carried out on a wet and / or slightly dusty support, the bonding layer retaining the properties mentioned above.

Les signes de référence insérés après les caractéristiques techniques mentionnées dans les revendications, ont pour seul but de faciliter la compréhension de ces dernières, et n'en limitent aucunement la portée.The reference signs inserted after the technical characteristics mentioned in the claims, have the sole purpose of facilitating the understanding of the latter, and in no way limit their scope.

Claims (10)

Procédé d'obtention d'une couche d'accrochage (3) d'une couche d'enrobés bitumineux sur un support (4) par répandage d'une émulsion bitumineuse (5), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes: - application d'un agent tensioactif (6) sur le support (4), - application de l'émulsion bitumineuse (5), - application d'un agent de rupture (7). Method for obtaining a bonding layer (3) of a layer of bituminous mixes on a support (4) by spreading a bituminous emulsion (5), characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - application of a surfactant (6) on the support (4), - application of the bituminous emulsion (5), - application of a breaking agent (7). Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'agent de rupture (7) est projeté sur le pinceau (8) d'émulsion bitumineuse (5) tombant de la répandeuse (1).Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the breaking agent (7) is sprayed onto the brush (8) of bituminous emulsion (5) falling from the spreader (1). Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que l'émulsion bitumineuse (5) comprend un liant dont la teneur est comprise entre 40 et 70% en poids.Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the bituminous emulsion (5) comprises a binder whose content is between 40 and 70% by weight. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'émulsion bitumineuse (5) comprend un bitume pris parmi les classes 180/220, 70/100, 60/70, 35/50 et 25/35.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bituminous emulsion (5) comprises a bitumen taken from classes 180/220, 70/100, 60/70, 35/50 and 25/35. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'émulsion bitumineuse (5) répandue est du type cationique, et que l'agent de rupture 7 appliqué, est une solution aqueuse d'au moins l'un des produits pris parmi les bases fortes, les tensioactifs anioniques et les polymères anioniques.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the widespread bituminous emulsion (5) is of the cationic type, and that the breaking agent 7 applied, is an aqueous solution of at least one of the products taken from strong bases, anionic surfactants and anionic polymers. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdits polymères anioniques sont des sels de polymères ou de copolymères à base d'acide acrylique.Process according to Claim 5, characterized in that the said anionic polymers are salts of polymers or copolymers based on acrylic acid. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'émulsion bitumineuse (5) répandue est une émulsion anionique et que l'agent de rupture (7) appliqué est une solution aqueuse d'au moins l'un des produits pris parmi les acides forts, les tensioactifs cationiques, et les polymères cationiques.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the widespread bituminous emulsion (5) is an anionic emulsion and that the breaking agent (7) applied is an aqueous solution of at least one of the products taken from strong acids, cationic surfactants, and cationic polymers. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que lesdits polymères cationiques sont de type ammonium quaternaire.Process according to Claim 7, characterized in that the said cationic polymers are of the quaternary ammonium type. Revêtement de type routier, composé de couches successives, comprenant au moins une couche-support (4) et une couche bitumineuse, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une couche bitumineuse est reliée à une couche inférieure par l'intermédiaire d'une couche d'accrochage (3) obtenue par le procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes.Road type coating, composed of successive layers, comprising at least one support layer (4) and a bituminous layer, characterized in that at least one bituminous layer is connected to a lower layer by means of a layer d 'attachment (3) obtained by the method according to one of the preceding claims. Machine (1) de construction de chaussée comportant sur un châssis, monté sur des moyens (2) de déplacement, des moyens d'épandage (9) d'une émulsion bitumineuse (5), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend également des moyens d'application (10) d'un agent tensioactif (6) et, d'autres moyens d'applications (11), d'un agent de rupture (7) de la composition bitumineuse (5).Pavement construction machine (1) comprising on a chassis, mounted on displacement means (2), spreading means (9) of a bituminous emulsion (5), characterized in that it also comprises means application (10) of a surfactant (6) and, other means of application (11), a breaking agent (7) of the bituminous composition (5).
EP96400585A 1995-03-28 1996-03-20 Process and apparatus for applying an adhesive layer and road surface comprising such a layer Expired - Lifetime EP0736629B1 (en)

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US5893679A (en) 1999-04-13
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DE69600604D1 (en) 1998-10-15
FR2732369B1 (en) 1997-06-13
CA2172786C (en) 2006-11-28
FR2732369A1 (en) 1996-10-04
AU5034896A (en) 1996-10-10
CA2172786A1 (en) 1996-09-29
JPH0921102A (en) 1997-01-21
EP0736629B1 (en) 1998-09-09
DK0736629T3 (en) 1999-06-07
US5769567A (en) 1998-06-23
AU721015B2 (en) 2000-06-22

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