Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
  • C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
  • C04B2111/00517—Coating or impregnation materials for masonry

Definitions

• the invention relates to a two-stage process for water-repellent impregnation of masonry.
• the masonry is treated with a water-diluted, impregnating composition comprising organoalkoxysilane and / or organosiloxane containing alkoxy groups and a salt of water-soluble acid and organopolysiloxane with SiC-bound residues with basic nitrogen.
• the masonry is treated with an aqueous solution of alkali silicates and / or alkali silicates.
• compositions diluted with water composed of organosiloxane containing organoalkoxysilane and / or alkoxy groups and a salt of water-soluble acid and organopolysiloxane with SiC-bound residues containing basic nitrogen are microemulsions with which masonry can be impregnated in a water-repellent manner.
• Such compositions quickly separate the impregnating active ingredients in basic masonry.
• old masonry mostly no longer exhibits basicity.
• the impregnating active substances separate even more slowly in old, moist masonry.
• the compositions diluted with water are washed up after an injection to form a barrier layer against rising damp and, in the worst case, form the barrier layer only further up, where the masonry begins to dry.
• US-A-5,250,106 describes the treatment of old and damp masonry with a previously described water-diluted, impregnating composition and additionally with aqueous alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide solutions. In practice, however, the impregnating effect is too low, especially when combating rising damp. Larger amounts of alkali metal or magnesium ions are undesirable in masonry because they can form blooming salts. Calcium hydroxide is insoluble in water for use in masonry.
• DE-A-42 20 684 describes a method for renovating old masonry and for creating a horizontal barrier against rising moisture, in which blind holes are drilled in the masonry, a cement suspension is pressed in and a silicate solution is injected into the still moist cement suspension.
• alkali silicates dissolved in water possibly as described in GB-A-1,177,662 in combination with alkali siliconate, water-soluble, hygroscopic, bloomable alkali carbonates are produced in the masonry.
• these alkali metal silicates and alkali metal silicates are used as the sole active ingredients, large amounts of them are required and large amounts of alkali metal carbonates are therefore produced.
• the access of CO 2 from the air required for the formation of active substances is very difficult.
• the water-repellent effect of the alkali silicates and alkali silicates is not sufficient.
• the present invention is based on the object of a method for water-repellent impregnation of masonry, in particular for combating rising damp To provide, in which compositions diluted with water are used and which is particularly effective in old and possibly damp masonry.
• the process is suitable for water-repellent impregnation of any type of masonry, for example bricks, reinforced and unreinforced concrete, aerated concrete, Rhenish pumice, natural stones including limestone, plaster, cinder blocks and sand-lime bricks.
• the process is particularly suitable for deep impregnation of old masonry that is already damp.
• the method according to the invention is preferably used to combat moisture rising in the masonry, the above components (A1) or (A2) or (A3) and (B) and (C1) or (C2) or (C3) being injected into the masonry .
• boreholes are preferably placed close to the floor level outside and / or inside in the wall, preferably inclined inwards.
• the boreholes are preferably made at a distance of 5 to 20 cm, in particular 9 to 13 cm.
• a row of boreholes on the inside and a row of boreholes on the outside are preferred.
• the emulsion of the impregnating composition and aqueous are first used as the injection medium Solution of (C1) alkali silicate or (C2) alkali silicate introduced.
• the injection means can be filled into the boreholes, for example with a watering can, or via storage vessels attached to the borehole.
• the injection means can also be introduced into the boreholes in pulsed fashion via lances.
• the injection means are preferably pressed into the masonry with pressure, preferably up to 3 MPa, in particular at 0.5 to 2 MPa.
• Packers, inserted into the borehole, are preferably used.
• the wall can be completely damp where the drill holes are made. After the impregnating composition and the aqueous solution of (C1) alkali silicate or (C2) alkali siliconate have reacted, a barrier layer is formed. The masonry dries out.
• an injection of a cement suspension is preferably carried out before the injection of the water-emulsified, impregnating composition in order to fill the cavities.
• Finely ground cement which is also referred to as micro-cement, is preferably used.
• Unplastered masonry is preferably slurried beforehand in the injection plane in order to prevent the cement suspension, the water-emulsifying, impregnating composition and the aqueous solution of (C1) alkali silicate or (C2) alkali silicate from escaping.
• the boreholes are re-drilled or a second row of boreholes is drilled above the row of holes through which the cement was injected, via which the water-emulsified, impregnating composition and the aqueous solution of (C1) alkali silicate or (C2 ) Alkali silicon can be introduced.
• the cement suspension is injected via packers. After the cement suspension has spread, the packers are pushed open with a lance-like device. The water-emulsified, impregnating composition and the aqueous solution of (C1) alkali silicate or (C2) alkali siliconate are then introduced.
• the interval between the application of the water-emulsified, impregnating composition and the aqueous solution of (C1) alkali silicate or (C2) alkali silicate is preferably at least 120 minutes, in particular 180 minutes and preferably at most 5 days, in particular 2 days.
• the impregnating composition used can contain an organoalkoxysilane (A1) or a mixture of several organoalkoxysilanes.
• the organoalkoxysilanes contain at least one and at most 3 via SiC-bonded hydrocarbon radicals and at least one and at most 3 alkoxy radicals.
• the organoalkoxysilanes (A1) preferably have 1 or 2 identical or different, optionally halogen-substituted, monovalent C 1 -C 15 -hydrocarbon radicals bonded via SiC and the other radicals are identical or different C 1 -C 6 alkoxy radicals.
• Examples of the C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbon radicals are alkyl radicals, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl -, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl; Hexyl radicals, such as the n-hexyl radical; Heptyl residues, such as the n-heptyl residue; Octyl radicals, such as the n-octyl radical and iso-octyl radicals, such as the 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl radical; Nonyl radicals, such as the n-nonyl radical; Decyl radicals, such as the n-decyl radical; Dodecyl radicals, such as the n-dodecyl radical; Alkenyl groups such as the vinyl
• halogen-substituted C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbon radicals are alkyl radicals substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms, such as the 3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl radical, the 2,2,2,2 ', 2 ', 2'-hexafluoroisopropyl, the heptafluoroisopropyl, and haloaryl such as the o-, m-, and p-chlorophenyl.
• the unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 -alkyl radicals and the phenyl radical are particularly preferred.
• C 1 -C 6 alkoxy radicals of organoalkoxysilane (A1) are the methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec.-butoxy, tert.-butoxy radical ; Pentyloxy radicals, such as the n-pentyloxy radical and hexyloxy radicals, such as the n-hexyloxy radical.
• the methoxy and ethoxy radicals are particularly preferred.
• alkoxy radicals can be substituted with halogen atoms, but this is not preferred.
• the impregnating composition can contain an organosiloxane (A2) containing alkoxy groups or a mixture of several organosiloxanes.
• the organosiloxanes are oligomeric or polymeric organosilicon compounds in which the silicon atoms are linked via oxygen atoms and which contain SiC-bonded organic radicals.
• the organosiloxanes can additionally contain hydroxyl groups, which facilitate binding to the masonry.
• the organosiloxanes preferably have a viscosity of at most 2000 mPa ⁇ s in order to ensure a particularly good distribution on the pore surfaces in the masonry.
• the organosiloxane (A2) preferably has a viscosity of at most 300 mPa ⁇ s. Organosiloxanes (A2) with viscosities of 5 to 100 mPa ⁇ s are most preferred.
• Examples of the C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbon radicals are the C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbon radicals and halogen-substituted C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbon radicals listed above for the organoalkoxysilanes (A1).
• the unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 -alkyl radicals and the phenyl radical are particularly preferred.
• part of the radicals R can be replaced by hydrogen atoms bonded directly to silicon atoms. However, this is not preferred.
• radicals R 1 are the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec.-butyl, and tert.-butyl radical; Pentyl radicals, such as the n-pentyl radical and hexyl radicals, such as the n-hexyl radical, the methyl and ethyl radicals being particularly preferred.
• organosiloxanes (A2) are those which can be obtained in water by reacting methyltrichlorosilane and a C 1 -C 8 -alkyltrichlorosilane, or phenyltrichlorosilane with methanol or ethanol.
• the sum of the respective average values of a , b and c is preferably at most 3.4.
• the viscosity is preferably 1 to 2000, in particular 10 to 100 mPa ⁇ s.
• a hydrocarbon radical in particular a methyl radical, is preferably also bonded to each silicon atom to which a hydrogen is bonded.
• Examples of the C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbon radicals for R 2 are the C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbon radicals listed above for the organoalkoxysilanes (A1).
• the methyl and phenyl radicals are particularly preferred.
• alkyl radicals for R 2 also relate to R 5 . If the radical R 5 is a C 1 -C 15 aminoalkyl radical, its amino group preferably bears two hydrogen atoms.
• At least one hydrogen atom is preferably bonded to each nitrogen atom of the above formula.
• divalent hydrocarbon radicals R 6 are saturated alkylene radicals such as the methylene and ethylene radical, and also propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, cyclohexylene and octadecylene radicals or unsaturated alkylene or arylene radicals such as the hexenylene radical and phenylene radicals, the n- Propylene radical is particularly preferred.
• radicals R 3 are H 2 N (CH 2 ) 3 -, H 2 N (CH 2 ) 2 NH (CH 2 ) 2 -, H 2 N (CH 2 ) 2 NH (CH 2 ) 3 -, H 2 N (CH 2 ) 2 -, H 3 CNH (CH 2 ) 3 -, C 2 H 5 NH (CH 2 ) 3 -, H 3 CNH (CH 2 ) 2 -, C 2 H 5 NH (CH 2 ) 2 -, H 2 N (CH 2 ) 4 -, H 2 N (CH 2 ) 5 -, H (NHCH 2 CH 2 ) 3 -, C 4 H 9 NH (CH 2 ) 2 NH (CH 2 ) 2 -, cyclo-C 6 H 11 NH (CH 2 ) 3 -, cyclo-C 6 H 11 NH (CH 2 ) 2 -, (CH 3 ) 2 N (CH 2 ) 3 -, (CH 3 ) 2 N (CH 2 ) )
• radicals R 4 are the C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals listed above for the radicals R 1 .
• the methyl and ethyl radicals are particularly preferred.
• All water-soluble organic and inorganic acids are suitable for producing the salt (B), and their salt form is chemically inert to the other constituents of the impregnating composition.
• examples of such acids are hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic and propionic acid. Acetic acid and propionic acid are preferred.
• the impregnating composition can in addition to (A1) alkoxysilane and / or (A2) organosiloxane and (B) salt of water-soluble organic or inorganic acid and organopolysiloxane (D) monomeric and / or polymeric silica esters with C 1 -C 6 alkoxy radicals and a viscosity of at most 20 mPa ⁇ s included.
• a certain silicic acid ester or a mixture of different silicic acid esters can be used.
• Preferred silicic acid esters contain C 1 -C 3 alkoxy residues and have a viscosity of 1 to 5 mPa ⁇ s.
• Examples of preferred silicic acid esters are tetramethyl silicate, tetraethyl silicate and tetraisopropyl silicate.
• the impregnating compositions preferably contain 20 to 80% by weight, in particular 35 to 55% by weight, of organoalkoxysilane (A1).
• organosiloxane (A2) in the impregnating compositions are 5 to 80% by weight, in particular 10 to 30% by weight.
• the weight ratio of alkylalkoxysilane (A1) to organosiloxane (A2) in the impregnating compositions can range from 0: 1 to 1: 0, but is preferably 2: 1 to 10: 1.
• the impregnating compositions preferably contain 5 to 50% by weight, in particular 15 to 30% by weight, of salt (B).
• impregnating compositions additionally contain silicic acid esters (D), their amount is at most 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 15% by weight.
• the salt (B) serves as an emulsifier for components (A1), (A2) and optionally (D).
• the impregnating compositions are diluted with water in a weight ratio of 1: 4 to 1:30, preferably 1:11 to 1:14, and used as a finely divided emulsion, preferably as a microemulsion.
• the impregnating compositions can contain, as additives, fungicides, bactericides, algicides, microbiocides, odorants, corrosion inhibitors and defoamers.
• the impregnating compositions each contain additives in amounts of from 0.001 to 1% by weight, in particular from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight.
• R 7 radicals are the C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radicals listed above for the R 1 radicals.
• the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl radicals are particularly preferred.
• e means the value 0 in all units of the general formula IV, it is alkali silicate (C1).
• the sodium and potassium salts of silicas are also called water glasses.
• the alkali silicates preferably have a molar SiO 2 : M 2 O ratio of 8.0 to 0.5, in particular 5.0 to 1.5.
• concentrations of the aqueous solution of alkali metal silicates (C1) and alkali metal silicates (C2) or (C3), a mixture thereof, used in the second process step are preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 2 to 10% by weight.
• the second step per part by weight of the sum of the components (A1) organoalkoxysilane, (A2) organosiloxane containing alkoxy groups and salt (B) 0.05 to 3, in particular 0.2 to 1 part by weight of the sum of alkali silicates (C1 ) and alkali siliconates (C2), each calculated used as anhydrous substances.
• the salt (B) contained 2.9% basic nitrogen by weight.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
• Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
• Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
• Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
• Silicon Polymers (AREA)

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• 1995
  • 1995-04-07 DE DE19513238A patent/DE19513238A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1996
  • 1996-03-07 CZ CZ96699A patent/CZ284122B6/cs unknown
  • 1996-03-15 SK SK361-96A patent/SK282990B6/sk unknown
  • 1996-04-04 DE DE59600445T patent/DE59600445D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-04-04 EP EP96105434A patent/EP0736504B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-04-04 AT AT96105434T patent/ATE169894T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-04-05 HU HU9600893A patent/HU224542B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-04-05 PL PL96313656A patent/PL186567B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation

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