EP0730961A1 - Imprimante à jet d'encre - Google Patents

Imprimante à jet d'encre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0730961A1
EP0730961A1 EP96301006A EP96301006A EP0730961A1 EP 0730961 A1 EP0730961 A1 EP 0730961A1 EP 96301006 A EP96301006 A EP 96301006A EP 96301006 A EP96301006 A EP 96301006A EP 0730961 A1 EP0730961 A1 EP 0730961A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ink
text
printing surface
printing
printhead
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96301006A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0730961B1 (fr
Inventor
Howard H. Taub
John D. Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HP Inc
Original Assignee
Hewlett Packard Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hewlett Packard Co filed Critical Hewlett Packard Co
Publication of EP0730961A1 publication Critical patent/EP0730961A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0730961B1 publication Critical patent/EP0730961B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/05—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers produced by the application of heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
    • B41J2/2132—Print quality control characterised by dot disposition, e.g. for reducing white stripes or banding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2002/14322—Print head without nozzle

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to an inkjet printer.
  • the conventional way of controlling the number of ink dots per pixel is to improve the repeatable accuracy in the "aim" of every printhead in the inkjet printer.
  • One problem with this is that every time an ink drop is fired from the printhead, it takes time for the meniscus of the printing fluid (the "ink”) in the printhead to settle down and level out enough to fire the next drop accurately.
  • the meniscus of the printing fluid the "ink”
  • conventional printheads In order to damp out and avoid resonant modes on the meniscus and thereby to try to ensure that the ink drops are ejected straight and placed accurately within a pixel, conventional printheads lower the firing velocity and the firing rate based substantially on the viscosity of the ink. Normal firing velocities are on the order of ten meters per second (m/s); and common firing rates are less than 10 kHz.
  • US Patent No. 4,503,445 (Tacklind, 5 March 1985) describes a thermal inkjet printer that emits discrete drops whose volume varies to create a printed gray scale.
  • ink droplets are fired in groups, so that each subsequent droplet in a group is fired before the previous one separates from the meniscus of the ink in the printhead.
  • the individual droplets within each group then merge on the surface of the medium to be printed because all the droplets are designed to travel along the same direction to go to the same area. Darker pixels can be created by increasing the number of droplets fired into them.
  • the Tacklind system makes it possible to use a heating element for firing the drops that are physically undersized for the particular ink being used, it still relies on an ability to fire droplets straight, that is, in a direction normal to an ejection plane of the printhead, which is typically also normal to the pixel.
  • the maximum single-droplet emission rate for the ink used in the basic embodiment of the Tacklind system is roughly 10 kHz. This typical rate is much lower than the firing rate that one could achieve by the printhead.
  • the present invention seeks to provide improved inkjet printing.
  • thermo inkjet printer as specified in claim 5.
  • the preferred embodiment can operate an inkjet printer at a rate much higher than is required for the meniscus of the ink to settle down. which is substantially the maximum possible rates of conventional systems such as Tacklind's.
  • the thermal inkjet printer of the present invention can operate in a spray-mode.
  • the inkjet printer does not require the meniscus of the ink to settle down before ejecting another droplet.
  • the inkjet printer can operate at a rate much higher than conventional inkjet printers.
  • Another benefit is that although the printer can operate at a much higher rate than conventional inkjet printers, it can use substantially the same hardware in the conventional printers.
  • the preferred printhead has a heating element, ink and an opening through which the ink is ejected from the printhead towards a printing surface.
  • the heating element typically a resistor, is energized by electrical power pulses. Each pulse superheats the ink in the immediate vicinity of the resistor. The superheated ink vaporizes and generates a short-lived (less than about 1 micro second) pressure pulse, which is substantially in excess of one atmosphere.
  • This pressure pulse delivers momentum to the ink, pushing the ink away from the resistor so that a void or bubble is created in the ink.
  • the pressure in this void quickly (in about 2 microseconds) drops to the saturation pressure of the fluid. With ambient temperature much lower than the boiling point of the fluid, this saturation pressure is much less than one atmosphere.
  • the external atmospheric pressure eventually causes the bubble to collapse and it is the collapse process which causes the droplet to separate from the bulk of the fluid and proceed away from the opening of the printhead.
  • the heating element is sequentially energized at a firing rate by applying to the heating element a series of pulses of power, such as current pulses.
  • a series of pulses of power such as current pulses.
  • Each pulse causes a void in the ink and projects a droplet from the printhead toward the printing surface.
  • Several droplets are typically fired into a single pixel of the printing surface; the number of droplets needed to achieve any given degree of grayness in the pixel is determined by conventional pre-calibration techniques.
  • At least one of the droplets is preferably deliberately projected onto the printing surface in a direction that is not perpendicular to the printing surface.
  • the firing rate can be at or greater than 50 kHz, and may even be as high as 70 kHz or higher. The firing rate will depend in part on the viscosity of the chosen ink.
  • the printer makes possible the use of ink with a viscosity of 10 centi-Poise or less, and even 2 centi-Poise or less.
  • the preferred inkjet printer can also operate in a dual-mode.
  • a digital representation of an image to be printed is divided into non-text image fields and text fields.
  • Each non-text image field is printed on the printing surface by projecting the corresponding ink droplets in the spray-mode.
  • Each text field is printed on the printing surface in a text-mode, in which the firing rate is typically reduced to 5 - 10 kHz and the corresponding ink droplets are projected onto the printing surface in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the printing surface.
  • Figures 1A-1F illustrate the firing of a single droplet onto a printing surface using a conventional thermal inkjet printhead.
  • Figures 2A-2D illustrate the manner in which conventional inkjet printers create pixels with different optical densities by increasing the number of well-placed. uniform ink drops within each pixel.
  • FIGS 3A-3D illustrate the manner in which multidrop inkjet printers such as Tacklind's create pixels with different optical densities.
  • FIGS 4A-4F illustrate the manner in which the preferred inkjet printer fires ink drops onto the printing surface.
  • Figures 5A-5D illustrate the way in which the preferred inkjet printer creates pixels with different optical densities.
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram of some of the logical electrical components of a thermal inkjet printer.
  • Figures 1A-1F, and 4A-4F are cross-sections through the respective printheads taken along a plane that is perpendicular to the printing surface and to a plane defined by an ejection opening of the printhead.
  • Figure 1A illustrates the general structure of a conventional thermal inkjet printhead.
  • the printhead 100 fires ink droplets into pixels on a printing surface 102.
  • Printing fluid such as ink 104 is contained within a housing 106, which will typically consist of a portion of a multi-layered construction.
  • the housing 106 thus holds a reservoir of the ink 104.
  • a printhead 100 has an opening 107, through which drops are ejected roughly straight towards the printing surface 102. In a stable or initial state, the ink 104 will have a meniscus 108 that forms across the opening 107.
  • the desired trajectory for the ink drops is along a line 109, which extends from a center point of the opening 107 perpendicular to the meniscus 108 when it is at rest, and also preferably perpendicular to the printing surface 102.
  • a heating element 110 which is typically a resistor, is mounted opposite the opening 107 and is controlled and driven by conventional circuitry.
  • Conventional heating elements are commonly energized using current pulses with an amplitude on the order of one Ampere and a duration on the order of a few microseconds.
  • Typical heating elements can superheat the ink in the immediate vicinity of the elements to a temperature much higher than the ink's boiling temperature, with a maximum cycle time on the order of 80 kHz.
  • conventional printheads are not able to utilize the full 80 kHz potential of the heating elements; furthermore, they would be even more poorly suited to use even higher speed heating elements that may become available in the future.
  • Figure 1B illustrates what happens when the heating element 110 is energized by a pulse.
  • the ink immediately adjacent to the heating element 110 is super-heated above its boiling temperature to create a pressure pulse so that a small void or "bubble" 112 forms within the printhead cavity.
  • the direction that is perpendicular or normal to the meniscus 108 is also approximately perpendicular to the printing surface 102. This normal direction is indicated by the arrow N, and by the desired line of trajectory 109.
  • Figure 1E shows the previously separated drop 114 having adhered to the printing surface 102.
  • This figure also illustrates that, in returning to its stable, substantially planar state, the meniscus 108 will exhibit a number of resonance modes, that is, it will be uneven with uneven curvature until it has settled down to the minimum-energy shape shown in Figure 1A.
  • there is no constant normal direction for the meniscus 108 For example, the normal direction for the approximate center of the meniscus shown in Figure 1E is indicated by the arrow N, but a drop fired in this direction would not be coincident with the previously fired drop 114.
  • Figures 2A-D illustrate the way in which conventional thermal inkjet printheads create pixels with increasing optical density.
  • darker pixels are created simply by accurately placing a larger number of ink dots within the area of the pixel.
  • accurate placement of the fired ink droplets is essential for ensuring the proper optical density for the pixel.
  • Another shortcoming of such systems is that an entire pixel can normally not be generated with a single pass of the printhead: rather, the printhead may require to make multiple passes over the pixels in order to give each its proper optical density.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the way in which the multidrop Tacklind printhead creates pixels with different optical densities.
  • the droplet 114 has not yet separated from the meniscus 108.
  • a second droplet is generated by energizing and de-energizing the heating element 110 before the first droplet has completely separated.
  • a third droplet may also be generated before the second separates, and so on. With the droplets all travelling along the same direction towards the same area, the droplets collapse to a single dot when they reach the medium to be printed. A two-droplet drop will thereby cover more of the surface of the pixel than will a one-droplet drop.
  • the Tacklind system changes the optical density of a pixel by increasing the number of droplets applied at the various points within the pixel. This is illustrated in Figures 3A-3D, in which each printed portion of the pixel in Figure 3B has more droplets per dot than does the pixel shown in Figure 3A, but fewer droplets per dot than in the pixel illustrated in Figure 3C. In Figure 3D, there are so many droplets per dot that they almost cover the entire pixel, that is, they provide almost the maximum optical density. When it comes to black-and-white printing, maximum optical density corresponds to the most black portion of the gray scale, whereas minimum optical density would correspond to no ink at all, that is, the most white portion of the gray scale. As before, however, the Tacklind printer still relies on accurate placement within the pixel of each drop applied to the printing surface.
  • Figures 4A-4F illustrate the "spraying" method according to the preferred system for high-speed inkjet printing.
  • Figure 4A shows the preferred printhead when the meniscus 108 is level and a bubble 112 has been formed by pulsing the heating element 110.
  • the printing fluid that can be used typically has a lower viscosity than that used in conventional inkjet printers, but the situation illustrated in Figure 4A is generally the same as is illustrated in Figure 1B.
  • a first drop 410 has been ejected from the printhead; the drop travels towards the printing surface 102 in the normal direction indicated by the arrow N in Figure 4A.
  • the drop would in almost all cases not follow the same path as the previous drop 410. Rather, it would travel in a direction normal to the meniscus, but since the meniscus itself is not at this point planar, the "normal" direction itself will be changing. The second drop will therefore travel at a different normal direction, which is indicated by the arrow N in Figure 4B.
  • the printhead rather than firing drops in a constant normal direction, the printhead "sprays" drops onto the printing surface; although each drop will be ejected in a direction normal to some point of the meniscus, in general the drops will not travel in a direction that is normal to the printing surface itself.
  • the new drop 412 is proceeding approximately in the direction N indicated in Figure 4B.
  • This new direction is indicated as the new direction N shown in Figure 4C.
  • this new drop 414 is proceeding in the direction shown in Figure 4C. Because of the high pulse rate of the heating element 110 according to the invention, however, in the situation shown in Figure 4D, a second firing cycle may have taken place before the drop 414 completely separates from the meniscus 108.
  • Another droplet 416 may, as in the Tacklind System, combine on the medium as a single dot.
  • Figures 4A-4F illustrate several features of this embodiment.
  • Prototypes have operated successfully with an ink viscosity in the range of I to 2 centi-Poise.
  • the system may be used for either black-and-white or color printing, or both; the viscosity of the ink is one of the main factors in determining the maximum firing rate (and thus printing speed) for the invention. No special paper is required for using these inks.
  • Yet another advantage of the relatively low-viscosity inks that the preferred system can use is that they allow for superimposition of printed images. Note, however, that the system can eliminate the need for multiple passes of the printhead in order to print a pixel since drops "sprayed" from the printhead will typically be distributed roughly randomly over the entire surface of the pixel to create any given, pre-calibrated optical density.
  • the system also allows for operation in a multi-drop mode, as in the Tacklind System. Indeed, the firing rate for the heating element 110 is substantially limited by the collapsing time for the bubbles that form in the low-viscosity ink. For inks with a viscosity in the range of 1-2 centi-Poise, the collapsing time for bubbles large enough to generate an inkjet is typically from about 14 to about 20 microseconds.
  • the preferred printhead can be fired with a rate at or above (indeed, well above) 50 kHz and even at a rate in the range of 70-80 kHz; this also allows the drop velocity to be in the range of 15-20 m/s.
  • Figures 5A-5D illustrate the way in which the preferred printhead creates pixels with different optical densities.
  • the printhead has been operated well below its potential firing rate, that is, with a conventional firing rate that allows the meniscus to settle after one drop has been fired and before a subsequent drop is fired.
  • this rate may be as low as 10 kHz or lower, but can in general be determined using conventional calibration methods for any given ink viscosity.
  • the preferred printhead can place drops as accurately as conventional printheads simply by lowering the firing rate enough to allow the meniscus of the ink to settle between firings.
  • Figure 5B the preferred printhead has been operated with the fast firing rate that produces the sequence illustrated in Figures 4A-4F.
  • the average optical density of the pixel depicted in Figure 5B is at least roughly the same as that of the pixel depicted in Figure 5A, but that it will have been produced much faster.
  • Figures 5C and 5D illustrate pixels with increasing optical densities that are roughly the same as the optical densities of the pixels illustrated in Figures 3C and 3D, respectively. Once again. although the optical densities can be the same, the system creates the pixels much faster, since it does not need the meniscus to become planar before firing the next drop.
  • the printer may be switched between a text-mode and a non-text image mode.
  • the printhead In the text-mode, the printhead is fired at a low rate, that is, at the firing rates of conventional printheads. to place drops accurately with a uniform pattern (Figure 5A).
  • the resolution of the printer can thereby be increased to that typical for high-quality text printing, which at present is roughly 600 dpi. If a printhead for 600 dpi is used, resolution can be decreased to 300 dpi for the non-text image mode in any known manner. Standard calibration methods (to determine optical densities as a function of activation periods) may be used for both the text and non-text image modes.
  • the image mode is described above; the firing rate is increased to near the limit allowed by the cycle time of the heating element and the collapse rate of the bubbles. As is described above, for known inks. this will be above 50 kHz and even above 70 kHz.
  • the firing rate of the printhead may be controlled by known hardware or software.
  • Switching between the non-text image and text-modes can be done either manually or automatically.
  • Manual switching can involve physically pressing a button, turning a selector, or using some other actuator that indicates to the printer or controlling processor which mode is to be used, or it can be done by entering a suitable command or parameter into the software with any standard input device such as a keyboard or mouse.
  • Automatic switching can be accomplished in conjunction with known text-recognition software.
  • Such software (found, for example, in document scanners) analyzes the bit or pixel pattern of a field and determines whether the field contains recognizable text features such as letters, punctuation marks, underlining, italics, and so on.
  • This known software typically also determines the boundaries of text fields on a page.
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram of logical electrical components of a thermal inkjet printer 590.
  • Some digital representations of the image to be printed on the printing surface 102 are stored as data in a memory 600.
  • a control circuit 602 fetches printing parameters such as the firing rate, either from the memory 600, from some other conventional device, or from internal settings or calculations. Other parameters fetched are the non-text image and text data. Based on the parameters fetched, the control circuit sent control signals to a drive circuit 604, which pulses the heating element 110.
  • the drive circuit 604 can operate the printhead 100 in both the spray-mode to print non-text images, and in the text-mode to print text. Also, only one printhead is shown in the figures. In an actual printer, typically, there can be many more printheads, and the described system is applicable to each of them.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Recording Measured Values (AREA)
EP96301006A 1995-03-08 1996-02-14 Imprimante à jet d'encre Expired - Lifetime EP0730961B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US401064 1989-09-05
US40106495A 1995-03-08 1995-03-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0730961A1 true EP0730961A1 (fr) 1996-09-11
EP0730961B1 EP0730961B1 (fr) 1999-06-30

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ID=23586124

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96301006A Expired - Lifetime EP0730961B1 (fr) 1995-03-08 1996-02-14 Imprimante à jet d'encre

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5984457A (fr)
EP (1) EP0730961B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08258268A (fr)
DE (1) DE69603037T2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0854047A2 (fr) * 1997-01-21 1998-07-22 Xerox Corporation Méthode et appareil d'impression à l'encre liquide
EP0858896A2 (fr) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-19 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'impression à jet d'encre et procédé d'impression utilisant cette dispositif
EP0863020A3 (fr) * 1997-03-05 1999-07-07 Hewlett-Packard Company Procédé et dispositif pour améliorer la distribution des gouttes d'encre dans l'impression à jet d'encre
US6155670A (en) * 1997-03-05 2000-12-05 Hewlett-Packard Company Method and apparatus for improved ink-drop distribution in inkjet printing
EP1138505A1 (fr) * 2000-03-17 2001-10-04 GRETAG IMAGING Trading AG Appareil d'impression à jet d'encre
US6540325B2 (en) 1996-02-07 2003-04-01 Hewlett-Packard Company Printer printhead

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US6350016B1 (en) * 1998-02-10 2002-02-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid ejecting method and liquid ejecting head
JPH11286105A (ja) * 1998-04-01 1999-10-19 Sony Corp 記録方法及び記録装置
US6551148B1 (en) 2001-10-19 2003-04-22 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Electrical connector with minimized non-target contact
US20030079383A1 (en) * 2001-10-30 2003-05-01 Blackman Jeffrey R. Identification tag module for inkjet printers
SG109494A1 (en) * 2002-04-08 2005-03-30 Inst Of High Performance Compu Liquid ejection pump system

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US4503444A (en) * 1983-04-29 1985-03-05 Hewlett-Packard Company Method and apparatus for generating a gray scale with a high speed thermal ink jet printer
US4794411A (en) * 1987-10-19 1988-12-27 Hewlett-Packard Company Thermal ink-jet head structure with orifice offset from resistor
JPH01257059A (ja) * 1988-04-07 1989-10-13 Ricoh Co Ltd 液体噴射記録方法
EP0578434A2 (fr) * 1992-07-06 1994-01-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé d'enregistrement à jet d'encres

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US4503444A (en) * 1983-04-29 1985-03-05 Hewlett-Packard Company Method and apparatus for generating a gray scale with a high speed thermal ink jet printer
US4794411A (en) * 1987-10-19 1988-12-27 Hewlett-Packard Company Thermal ink-jet head structure with orifice offset from resistor
JPH01257059A (ja) * 1988-04-07 1989-10-13 Ricoh Co Ltd 液体噴射記録方法
EP0578434A2 (fr) * 1992-07-06 1994-01-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé d'enregistrement à jet d'encres

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6540325B2 (en) 1996-02-07 2003-04-01 Hewlett-Packard Company Printer printhead
EP0854047A2 (fr) * 1997-01-21 1998-07-22 Xerox Corporation Méthode et appareil d'impression à l'encre liquide
EP0854047A3 (fr) * 1997-01-21 1999-08-04 Xerox Corporation Méthode et appareil d'impression à l'encre liquide
EP0858896A2 (fr) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-19 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'impression à jet d'encre et procédé d'impression utilisant cette dispositif
EP0858896A3 (fr) * 1997-02-14 1998-11-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'impression à jet d'encre et procédé d'impression utilisant cette dispositif
US6467894B1 (en) 1997-02-14 2002-10-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ink jet print apparatus and print method using the same
EP0863020A3 (fr) * 1997-03-05 1999-07-07 Hewlett-Packard Company Procédé et dispositif pour améliorer la distribution des gouttes d'encre dans l'impression à jet d'encre
US6155670A (en) * 1997-03-05 2000-12-05 Hewlett-Packard Company Method and apparatus for improved ink-drop distribution in inkjet printing
US6354694B1 (en) 1997-03-05 2002-03-12 Hewlett-Packard Company Method and apparatus for improved ink-drop distribution in ink-jet printing
EP1138505A1 (fr) * 2000-03-17 2001-10-04 GRETAG IMAGING Trading AG Appareil d'impression à jet d'encre

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0730961B1 (fr) 1999-06-30
JPH08258268A (ja) 1996-10-08
DE69603037D1 (de) 1999-08-05
US5984457A (en) 1999-11-16
DE69603037T2 (de) 1999-10-21

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