EP0730082A2 - Tête de forage pour forage rotatif avec percussion - Google Patents

Tête de forage pour forage rotatif avec percussion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0730082A2
EP0730082A2 EP96102389A EP96102389A EP0730082A2 EP 0730082 A2 EP0730082 A2 EP 0730082A2 EP 96102389 A EP96102389 A EP 96102389A EP 96102389 A EP96102389 A EP 96102389A EP 0730082 A2 EP0730082 A2 EP 0730082A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill bit
drill
contour
base
bit base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96102389A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0730082B1 (fr
EP0730082A3 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Moser
Hans P. Meyen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch Power Tools GmbH
Original Assignee
Hawera Probst Hartmetall Werk Zeugfabrik Ravensburgh KG
Hawera Probst GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hawera Probst Hartmetall Werk Zeugfabrik Ravensburgh KG, Hawera Probst GmbH filed Critical Hawera Probst Hartmetall Werk Zeugfabrik Ravensburgh KG
Publication of EP0730082A2 publication Critical patent/EP0730082A2/fr
Publication of EP0730082A3 publication Critical patent/EP0730082A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0730082B1 publication Critical patent/EP0730082B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
    • B28D1/041—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs with cylinder saws, e.g. trepanning; saw cylinders, e.g. having their cutting rim equipped with abrasive particles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/02—Core bits
    • E21B10/04—Core bits with core destroying means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/44—Bits with helical conveying portion, e.g. screw type bits; Augers with leading portion or with detachable parts
    • E21B10/445—Bits with helical conveying portion, e.g. screw type bits; Augers with leading portion or with detachable parts percussion type, e.g. for masonry
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/48—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of core type
    • E21B10/485—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of core type with inserts in form of chisels, blades or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/24—Drilling using vibrating or oscillating means, e.g. out-of-balance masses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drill bit for rotary drilling of preferably rock, concrete or the like according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Drill bits of the type listed above have already become known, in which the bottom of the drill bit extends essentially radially outward in a straight line perpendicular to the axis of rotation or also slightly inclined to the drill side.
  • the outer contour of the drill bit base generally follows the contour of the inside of the drill bit base in substantial sections.
  • a percussion movement stimulated by a boring machine should be passed on in the best possible way via the drill bit shank, the drill bit base, to the open end-side drill side of the cylindrical drill body.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the problem of optimizing a drill bit, in particular in rotary drilling.
  • the impact energy applied to the shank should, as already mentioned, be implemented with the highest possible efficiency, ie low losses for the destruction of the rock.
  • the problem of implementing the impact energy is discussed, for example, in the applicant's patent DE 30 49 135 C2.
  • the development of drill bits is that the inertial mass is to be reduced overall in order to convert the striking energy into drilling work with as little loss as possible.
  • the drill bit base, the insertion shank and in particular also the wall sections of the crown part are always made with less mass, ie thinner, in order to generate low counter-inertia forces.
  • thinner wall sections in particular in the bottom of the drill bit, also result in vibrations which, however, should not have a negative effect on the drilling performance. In particular, no vibrations should arise, the standing waves lead within the drilling tool and thus consume energy through appropriate sound radiation or heating.
  • An overall thin-walled drill bit must therefore also be optimized in terms of vibration technology, provided that it is exposed to high impact loads.
  • the present invention provides a further development of the conveying helix arrangement on a drill bit in such a way that both the vibration behavior and thus an optimal power transmission as well as the drilling dust transport and the thereby improved mode of operation is improved, in particular in the case of thin-walled drill bits.
  • the invention has for its object to eliminate the disadvantages of known drill bits and in particular to improve the efficiency or the drilling properties of a drill bit under the aspect of vibration control. This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and independent independent claims 8, 15 and 21, respectively.
  • a drill bit which is used in particular for rotary impact drilling of preferably rock, concrete or the like and essentially consists of a thin-walled cylindrical drill body open to the drill side and a substantially radially extending drill bit base with an axially arranged drill bit shaft for fastening the drill bit exists, is provided with a drill bit base which has an outer contour in the radial direction which follows a curve which has at least one turning point.
  • a shape of the drill bit base transmits a striking movement excited by the boring machine to the cylindrical drill body with particularly little losses.
  • the drill bit base according to the invention has a lower damping than a conventional bit bit base.
  • a starting impact pulse is partially reflected or partially damped at this point, so that there is a considerable loss of transmission of the impact movement up to the drill body.
  • such a cross-sectional jump with the associated jump in mass is not present at the transition from the drill bit shaft to the drill bit base. Due to the more uniform mass distribution in the transition area between the shaft and the cylindrical drill body of the drill bit according to the invention and the possibility that the drill bit shaft can carry out oscillating movements relative to the drill body due to the drill bit base according to the invention, there is an improvement in drilling performance of up to 50% compared to the previously known designs.
  • the course of the curve which determines the outer contour of the bottom of the drill bit, is a continuously differentiable function.
  • the service life of the drill bit can be increased and, in addition, a uniform, continuously differentiable curve can be easily produced with a CNC lathe.
  • the course of the curve which determines the outer contour of the drill bit base, is an attenuated decaying vibration over the radius of the drill bit shaft. In this way, a particularly uniform mass distribution of the drill bit shank is achieved Drill bit bottom reached to the drill body, with particularly low damping losses occurring during the transmission of impact impulses from a boring machine.
  • the contour of the inside of the drill bit base follows a curve which has at least one turning point.
  • a curve shape similar to that on the outside of the bottom of the drill bit is thus achieved, it being advantageous if the contour follows the inside of the outside contour in substantial radial sections. In this way, manufacturing material can be saved.
  • the wall thickness of the bottom of the drill bit is at least in the radially outer section in the region of the wall thickness of the cylindrical drill body.
  • the drill bit base has an outer contour that runs through a minimum in the radial direction, the drill bit base being connected to the cylindrical drill body in the increasing radially outer curve section of its contour. This is particularly advantageous when drilling bits with a relatively small diameter are made.
  • the outer contour of the drill bit base cannot be complete Execute curve shape, corresponding to that described in claim 1, but passes before reaching the turning point in the cylindrical drill body. For this curve of the contour of the bottom of the drill bit, too, there is a significant improvement in the drilling performance for the same reasons mentioned above.
  • At least one elevation protruding from the contour of the inside is provided on the inside of the bottom of the drill bit to destroy the material to be drilled.
  • rocks can be broken shortly before the maximum drilling depth is reached by at least one protruding elevation on the inside of the drill bit bottom, so that the further drilling process is not blocked and the drill bit reaches its maximum drilling depth.
  • annular bead can already result in a simple manner when the drill bit base is designed in accordance with claim 1 or independent independent claim 8, in particular when the contour of the inside of the drill bit base follows the outer contour in substantially radial sections.
  • annular bead or oval bead or multiple interrupted bead can also be attached to the inside of the drill bit base.
  • the contour of the inside of the drill bit base in the radially inner region extends obliquely upwards in the direction of the drill bit shaft to form a conical cavity up to the receiving point, for example a center drill. Drilling cuttings can escape into the conical cavity, which is created when small pieces of rock are pre-crushed shortly before reaching the greatest drilling depth by at least one elevation protruding from the contour of the inside of the drill bit base. This means that the drill bit can not only penetrate to the full drilling depth, but also deflagration of drilling dust at greater drilling depths is prevented.
  • the inventive design of the conveyor helix arrangement according to the features of the associated claims has the advantage that the efficiency of such a drill bit can be further improved.
  • This further development according to the invention is based on the core idea that the conveying helix arrangement is improved in terms of vibration technology and in terms of the volume conveyance of the drilling dust per unit of time.
  • a conveyor helix construction is now to be realized in a drill bit, in which the external conveyor helix has a drilling dust removal groove which, on the one hand, has an increasing gradient towards the end of the shaft. This should result in a constant increase in the width of the drilling groove starting from the end face of the drilling tool. On the other hand, the back width of the conveyor spiral webs should be as small or narrow as possible, with a largely constant width.
  • the groove width is widened continuously or discontinuously due to an increasing slope, the volume of the drilling dust groove also increasing.
  • the back width of the broad webs of the feed spiral of the drill bit should remain approximately constant over a wide range.
  • a variation of the groove depth with a larger groove depth on the tool head in the cutting area and a possibly continuously removable groove depth in the direction of the clamping shank also results in an increase in the groove volume in the area of a small groove pitch and a solidification of the drill bit in the area towards the shank end due to increasing wall thickness.
  • the curve 1 shows a diagram with three different curves, which for example determine the outer contour of a drill bit base for three different diameters.
  • the horizontal x-axis describes the radial and the vertical y-axis the axial curve.
  • the curves can be represented analytically by the mathematical function 1.
  • the curve profile 2 can be used, for example, for the radial profile of the outer contour of a drill bit base of a drill bit with a diameter of 80 mm, the curve profile 3 for a drill bit with a diameter of 90 mm and the curve profile 4 for a drill bit with a diameter of 100 mm.
  • the table b also contains the corresponding parameters b2, b3 and c3 of function 1 in order to obtain the respective curve shape.
  • the three curves are a dampened decaying vibration.
  • the curve shape 2 has a turning point and the curve shapes 3 and 4 have two turning points due to the adaptation to a larger drill bit diameter.
  • the drill bit shows a first exemplary embodiment of a drill bit according to the invention in cross section through the axis of rotation.
  • the drill bit consists of a drill bit shank 6, a bore 7 for receiving a centering drill, a drill bit base 8, the outer and inner contours of which have a curve corresponding to a damping decaying vibration and the cylindrical, thin-walled drill body 9 which is open to the drill side.
  • the wall thickness of the drill bit base 8 lies in substantial radial sections in the area of the wall thickness of the drill body 9.
  • the drill bit is made in one piece, but in other embodiments can also be in several pieces.
  • the inner contour of the drill bit base 8 has an annular bead 10 protruding from the inner side contour.
  • the annular bead is largely determined by the curve shape of the inner or outer contour of the drill bit base.
  • the contour of the inside of the drill bit base 8 extends obliquely upward in the radially inner region 11 to form a conical cavity 12 up to the receiving point of the center drill 7.
  • a second exemplary embodiment according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3 as representative of the small diameter of a drill bit.
  • the exemplary embodiment also has a drill bit shaft 13, a bore for receiving a centering drill 14, a drill bit base 15, which, however, in contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, has an outer contour which consists of a broken, damped, decaying vibration and thus has no turning point, but in the radial direction Passes through minimum, wherein the bottom of the drill bit is connected to the cylindrical drill body 16 in the rising curve portion of its outer contour.
  • the second exemplary embodiment likewise has a conical cavity 17 and an annular bead 18.
  • FIG. 4 A third exemplary embodiment according to the invention for average drill bit diameters of approximately 80 mm is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the annular bead 19 and the curve of the outer contour of the drill bit base 20 are particularly clearly visible with a turning point.
  • axial impacts are exerted on the drill bit during turning.
  • a striking movement excited by a boring machine is applied to the drill body 9, 16, 106 via the drill bit shank 6, 13, 101, the drill bit base 8, 15, 20 transfer.
  • the design of the drill bit base according to the invention enables the drill body 9, 16, 106 to oscillate relative to the drill bit shaft 6, 13, 101. As a result, an incoming shock wave is damped particularly little.
  • the drill body 9, 16, 106 penetrates further and further into the material to be drilled, pieces of rock that have already been loosened are finally pre-shattered by the annular bead 10, 18, 19 and displaced into the conical cavity 12, 17.
  • the drill bit according to the invention can penetrate into the material to be drilled to its full drilling depth.
  • the drill bit 100 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 has a coaxial insertion shaft 101, a pot-like drilling body or a pot-like crown part 102, the end 103 of which on the end face or opposite the insertion shaft has only indicated cutting edges 104 in a known manner for workpiece machining.
  • the coaxial insertion shaft 101 merges via a previously described thin-walled drill bit base 20 into a thin-walled cylindrical wall part 106 which has a conveying helix 108 on its outer contour 107.
  • the preferably single-start conveyor spiral 108 consists of a spiral drilling groove 109 with a groove width n1 to n4 with a core diameter D 2 and axially adjoining conveyor spiral webs 110 with a web back width r1 to r4 and an outer diameter D 1 .
  • the outer diameter or nominal diameter D N of the drill bit is determined by the arrangement of the cutting teeth 104 in the end region of the wall part 106.
  • This outer diameter D N is somewhat larger than the outer diameter D1 of the conveying spiral 108, which is formed by the outer diameter of the conveying spiral webs 110.
  • D 2 the outer diameter of the drilling dust groove 109 is denoted by D 2 , the groove depth t resulting from the difference between these diameters or radii.
  • the groove depth t of the drilling dust groove 109 is in the range t ⁇ 1 to 1.5 mm.
  • the wall thickness s of the cylindrical wall part 106 is of the order of magnitude s ⁇ 5 mm. This applies to a drill bit with a nominal diameter of D N ⁇ 80 mm.
  • the groove depth t can be constant or variable. In the latter case, a larger groove depth t 1 is selected in the area of the drill head 103 to increase the groove volume. This groove depth then decreases continuously in the direction of the shaft end to a value t 2 , with a simultaneous increase in the wall thickness s, ie a core reinforcement of the helix. This results in an overall solidification of the drill bit.
  • the values t 1 1.5 mm and t 2 ⁇ 1 mm can of course be optimized in another order of magnitude depending on the embodiment.
  • the drilling dust groove 109 has a changing slope ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4, where ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 to 3 °. The slope then increases to the bottom of the drill bit to a value of ⁇ 5 ⁇ 10 to 15 °.
  • the start of the feed spiral groove is shown with reference number 111.
  • This feed helix groove 111 lies only slightly axially above the symbolically illustrated arrangement of a cutting tooth 104, so that there is a large free cut in the front area of the drill bit.
  • the front wall section 112 lying in front of the foremost conveying spiral groove 109 ' has an outer diameter D 1 which corresponds to the outer diameter of the conveying spiral webs 110. This enlarged diameter area results in an increased wall thickness for receiving the cutting teeth 104 and thus an increased strength of this area.
  • the width n1 to n4 of the drill dust groove 109 should preferably increase continuously, so that the volume of the respective drill dust groove increases continuously. In this way, enough drilling dust can be absorbed, which is quickly removed due to the increasing drilling dust pitch. In spite of only a small depth t of the drilling dust grooves, which are essentially rectangular in cross section, there is no drilling dust backlog.
  • the nominal diameter of the drill bit depends on the lateral projection of the cutting teeth 104 and is D N ⁇ 80 mm.
  • the outer diameter of the spiral conveyor webs is D1 ⁇ 78 mm, the core diameter of the drilling dust grooves 109 is D 2 ⁇ 76 mm. These dimensions are matched to one another in such a way that the groove depth t is set to approximately 1 to 1.5 mm.
  • the groove depth can also be variable.
  • the inner diameter of the pot-like crown part 110 is D 3 ⁇ 68 mm, which leads to a constant or variable wall thickness s ⁇ 3.5 to 5 mm, measured between Inner wall 113 and outer diameter D 1 of the conveyor spiral web 110.
  • the start of the groove 111 is approximately at a height h 3 ⁇ 5 mm above the lower edge 114 of the drill bit.
  • the groove width n1 in the front area of the drill bit begins with a dimension n1 ⁇ 4 to 6 mm and increases continuously to a dimension n4 ⁇ 10 to 15 mm.
  • the web width r2 to r5 ⁇ 5 mm constant.
  • the height h1 of the drill bit from the end face to the crown base 20 is h1 ⁇ 75 mm, the inner height from the end face 114 to the inner crown base h2 ⁇ 68 mm.
  • each drill dust groove 109 shown in FIG. 4 has a bevel with an angle ⁇ ⁇ 20 °.
  • the lower edge 116 is relatively sharp, i.e. radially directed or perpendicular to the surface.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
EP96102389A 1995-03-03 1996-02-17 Tête de forage pour forage rotatif avec percussion Expired - Lifetime EP0730082B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19507487 1995-03-03
DE19507487A DE19507487A1 (de) 1995-03-03 1995-03-03 Bohrkrone für drehschlagendes Bohren von vorzugsweise Gestein, Beton oder dergleichen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0730082A2 true EP0730082A2 (fr) 1996-09-04
EP0730082A3 EP0730082A3 (fr) 1998-02-04
EP0730082B1 EP0730082B1 (fr) 2002-05-29

Family

ID=7755572

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96102389A Expired - Lifetime EP0730082B1 (fr) 1995-03-03 1996-02-17 Tête de forage pour forage rotatif avec percussion

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5791424A (fr)
EP (1) EP0730082B1 (fr)
JP (2) JPH08260863A (fr)
DE (2) DE19507487A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103538153A (zh) * 2012-07-10 2014-01-29 罗伯特·博世有限公司 动力头
CN104196460A (zh) * 2014-08-25 2014-12-10 江苏长城石油装备制造有限公司 一种用于天然气岩芯钻探的回转组合式pdc钻头
CN105569573A (zh) * 2015-12-15 2016-05-11 武汉地大长江钻头有限公司 适用于月球钻探取心的pdc钻头
CN105735901A (zh) * 2016-05-06 2016-07-06 中铁大桥局集团第四工程有限公司 一种旋挖钻机的组合钻具

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19654597B4 (de) * 1996-12-20 2006-11-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bohrkrone
DE19753731A1 (de) * 1997-12-04 1999-06-10 Hawera Probst Gmbh Gesteinsbohrwerkzeug
US6494276B1 (en) * 1998-04-24 2002-12-17 Gator Rock Bits, Inc. Rock auger with pilot drill
DE19915304B4 (de) * 1999-03-22 2006-07-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bohrwerkzeug
GB2427843B (en) * 2005-10-24 2008-05-07 C4 Carbides Ltd Drill bit
US7740088B1 (en) * 2007-10-30 2010-06-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Ultrasonic rotary-hammer drill
EP2153880A1 (fr) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-17 Urea Casale S.A. Procédé et installation pour la production d'une solution d'urée à utiliser dans le procédé SCR pour la réduction de Nox
DE102012203088A1 (de) * 2012-02-29 2013-08-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bohrkrone
US9820757B2 (en) * 2013-04-12 2017-11-21 Greatbatch Ltd. Instrument for reshaping the head of a femur
CN103628819B (zh) * 2013-11-20 2016-04-20 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 一种近钻头扭转冲击器
US10005137B2 (en) 2015-10-22 2018-06-26 Y. G-1 Tool. Co. Cutting tool
CN113369502B (zh) * 2021-06-28 2022-05-06 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 一种超薄壁衬套的车削加工方法

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DE2913501A1 (de) * 1979-04-04 1980-10-16 Bosch Gmbh Robert Hohlbohrer mit bohrkrone

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Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2735368A1 (de) * 1977-08-05 1979-02-15 Hawera Probst Kg Hartmetall Gesteinsbohrer mit hartmetall- bohrkopf
DE2913501A1 (de) * 1979-04-04 1980-10-16 Bosch Gmbh Robert Hohlbohrer mit bohrkrone

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103538153A (zh) * 2012-07-10 2014-01-29 罗伯特·博世有限公司 动力头
CN104196460A (zh) * 2014-08-25 2014-12-10 江苏长城石油装备制造有限公司 一种用于天然气岩芯钻探的回转组合式pdc钻头
CN105569573A (zh) * 2015-12-15 2016-05-11 武汉地大长江钻头有限公司 适用于月球钻探取心的pdc钻头
CN105735901A (zh) * 2016-05-06 2016-07-06 中铁大桥局集团第四工程有限公司 一种旋挖钻机的组合钻具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59609243D1 (de) 2002-07-04
DE19507487A1 (de) 1996-09-05
JP2006096048A (ja) 2006-04-13
EP0730082B1 (fr) 2002-05-29
JP3950151B2 (ja) 2007-07-25
JPH08260863A (ja) 1996-10-08
US5791424A (en) 1998-08-11
EP0730082A3 (fr) 1998-02-04

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