EP0721533A1 - Structures de plate-forme de forage en mer et manchon de pile reutilisable associe a ladite structure - Google Patents

Structures de plate-forme de forage en mer et manchon de pile reutilisable associe a ladite structure

Info

Publication number
EP0721533A1
EP0721533A1 EP94928401A EP94928401A EP0721533A1 EP 0721533 A1 EP0721533 A1 EP 0721533A1 EP 94928401 A EP94928401 A EP 94928401A EP 94928401 A EP94928401 A EP 94928401A EP 0721533 A1 EP0721533 A1 EP 0721533A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pile
sleeve
offshore platform
platform structure
stage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94928401A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
George Emanuel Sgouros
Dale Marion Gallaher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/129,820 external-priority patent/US5447391A/en
Priority claimed from US08/129,829 external-priority patent/US5445476A/en
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Publication of EP0721533A1 publication Critical patent/EP0721533A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/027—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto steel structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/021—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto with relative movement between supporting construction and platform
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
    • E02B2017/0043—Placing the offshore structure on a pre-installed foundation structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0052—Removal or dismantling of offshore structures from their offshore location
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/006—Platforms with supporting legs with lattice style supporting legs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing
    • E02B2017/0082—Spudcans, skirts or extended feet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a platform structure for conducting offshore hydrocarbon recovery operations and to a reusable foundation pile sleeve for use with such a structure.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an offshore platform structure which increases flexibility and reduces costs of field development in deep water areas.
  • jack-up rigs are often used to provide a derrick and associated equipment for drilling, completing or working over a well.
  • This equipment is mounted to a combined hull ⁇ deck which is capable of floating these facilities to site.
  • a plurality of retractable legs are provided which renders the jack-up rig conveniently portable. Once floated into position for conventional operations, the legs are jacked-down until they engage the water bottom. Further jacking transfers the load from the buoyant hull to the legs, then lifts the hull/deck out of the water and above the splash zone to produce a stable, bottom founded offshore platform for conducting well operations.
  • a consideration of this design is that to best take advantage of the mobile nature of the facilities provided on the jack-up rig, the rig is removed after drilling is complete and does not remain deployed at the development during the production phase except, possibly, for temporary workover operations. The considerable investment in drilling, completion and workover equipment is best utilized by redeploying the jack-up rig to another location as soon as these operations are complete. Thus, surface completions for production are not accommodated on the jack-up rig itself.
  • a small structure called a "well jacket" can be used with the jack-up rig to provide the benefits of a surface completion with the convenience of a jack-up rig.
  • well jackets and jack-up rig combinations are limited to shallow water deployment. Further, practical limitations on the length of the retractable legs more directly restrict the depth in which jack-up rigs can be traditionally deployed.
  • Topside facilities provide convenient well access for production operations.
  • such structures must dedicate a significant amount of their structural strength to supporting drilling facilities that are only required for a relatively short period of time in the life of the overall operations from the platform in recovering oil and gas from a reservoir.
  • the structure must be able to withstand the maximum design environmental conditions, the design hurricane criteria, with these drilling facilities in place.
  • recovery operations lead to depletion of the hydrocarbon reservoir and, in time, the platform loses its usefulness at a site.
  • the well jacket that forms the tower supporting the deck of the platform may be structural sound and capable of an extended useful life.
  • salvage operations are difficult and another constraint of traditional well jackets is that they are design specific for a given water depth. This tends to substantially limit redeployment opportunities.
  • the present invention provides an offshore platform structure for temporarily using a jack-up rig for well operations in deep water applications.
  • the structure has a bottom foundable jacket base and a surface tower supported by the jacket base and extending after installation above the water surface.
  • a platform deck is supported by the surface tower and a subsea rig support interface is presented at the top of the jacket base and is adapted to receive the jack-up rig for well operations.
  • the bottom foundable jacket base comprises a plurality of legs and interconnecting framework.
  • Well operations equipment is provided on the jack-up rig having a plurality of legs which extend from a combination hull/deck member and engage the jacket base at the rig support interface below the water surface.
  • the well operations equipment provided centers around a withdrawable derrick, either on a sliding bridge in a slot-style jack-up rig or on a cantilever deck in a cantilever deck style jack-up rig.
  • Either withdrawable derrick system permits deployment of the jack-up rig upon the jacket base without interference with the surface tower, but then allows drilling operations after the derrick is brought into substantial vertical alignment with the surface tower.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention is a method for providing a deep water offshore platform in which an offshore platform structure having a surface tower supported by a bottom founded jacket base is installed and a jack-up rig is mated on an underwater rig support interface presented at the top of the jacket base to establish a combined offshore platform system for conducting well operations during calm weather periods.
  • the jack-up rig is demobilized and withdrawn from the jacket base before a storm. This permits the combined offshore platform system to be designed on the less extreme basis of calm weather criteria and greatly reduces the loads of the offshore platform structure itself which is still designed to meet severe storm and/or hurricane criteria.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a reusable pile sleeve for a bottom-founded offshore platform structure, of the type pinned to the water bottom with piles.
  • Pile sleeves are connected to the base of the platform structure and piles are inserted through the pile sleeves and secured into the water bottom during installation of the platform.
  • Platform installation continues by securing the piles within the pile sleeves to complete a stable foundation for the platform.
  • the platform structure often has a useful life exceeding the duration of profitable oil and gas production at the original site. It may then be desired to salvage the platform structure for relocation.
  • a secure pile-to-pile sleeve connection becomes a detriment, often requiring expensive underwater operations or transportation of the platform to onshore facilities to completely remove and then replace the pile sleeves.
  • the present invention provides a pile sleeve which has after installation of the offshore platform structure on the water bottom a substantially vertically extended, open-ended cylindrical member having a second stage sleeve which is connectable to the platform structure at a location near the water bottom and a first stage sleeve projecting co-axially from the second stage sleeve.
  • First and second stage locking profiles are presented inside the first and second stage sleeves, respectively. The first stage sleeve is thus accessible for cutting operations, severing both the first stage sleeve with the pile-to- pile sleeve connection inside and the top of the pile within.
  • the pile sleeve is adapted to receive piles in a hydraulically swaged locking relationship and having an extending cylindrical member and a first locking profile on the interior wall of the cylindrical member.
  • a first pile may be hydraulically extruded into the first locking profile upon a first deployment of the offshore platform structure.
  • a portion of the pile sleeve and concentric pile is accessible at this first locking profile for removal to conveniently retrieve the offshore platform structure for re-deployment to another location using the second locking profile.
  • FIG. 1 is a side-elevational view of an offshore platform structure in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the offshore platform structure of FIG. 1 taken at line 2-2 in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the offshore platform structure of FIG. 1 taken at line 3-3 in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a side-elevational view of an offshore platform system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, as viewed from the vantage of line 4-4 in FIG. 2, but including a deployed jack-up rig.
  • FIG. 5 is an alternate embodiment of a subsea rig support interface applicable to a practice of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a side-elevational view of an offshore platform structure in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the offshore platform structure of FIG. 6 taken at line 7-7 in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the offshore platform structure of FIG. 6 taken at line 8-8 in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a pile deployed through a multi-stage pile sleeve in accordance with the present invention taken from the vantage of line 9-9 in FIG. 1, but taken during installation.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a locking tool securing the pile of FIG. 9 within the uppermost stage of the pile sleeve.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the withdrawal of the locking tool of FIG. 10 following swaging operations.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a first stage of the pile sleeve severed from latter stages to facilitate salvage and reuse of the jacket base.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the present invention taken from the vantage of line 9-9 in FIG. 1, but taken during installation.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention during grout injection.
  • FIGS. 9-14 illustrate the use of a multiple stage pile-to-pile sleeve connection in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1-8 illustrate two suitable embodiments of an offshore platform structure according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1-4 illustrate one application of the present invention with an offshore platform structure 10
  • FIGS. 6-8 illustrate another embodiment of this application.
  • the structure has a jacket base 12 that is directly reusable across a range of water depths and the present invention facilitates salvage and re-deployment.
  • Structure 10 (in FIG. 1) has a bottom-founded jacket base 12 having legs 14 with an interconnecting framework 16 of braces 18.
  • Piles 22 are installed into the water bottom 24 through pile sleeves 20 by drilling and grouting or driving procedures known in the art. The piles are then secured within the pile sleeves by hydraulic locking or grouting operations.
  • the top of jacket base 12 is provided with a plurality of subsea rig support interfaces 26 and further supports surface tower 28 which extends above ocean surface 30 to support platform deck 32.
  • Rig support interfaces 26 and surface tower 28 are arranged to accommodate reception of jack-up rig 34, here shown approaching offshore platform structure 10.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section of offshore platform structure 10 illustrating a layout of subsea rig support interfaces 26 and surface tower 28 to accommodate a particular class of three leg jack-up rig (not shown) .
  • the rig support interfaces are positioned to receive feet 36 of jack-up rig 34 and efficiently transfer the load of offshore platform structure 10 to legs 14.
  • the rig support interfaces should be below the wave zone, but well within the range of jack-up rigs, e.g., 60 metres or so below the water surface.
  • rig support interfaces 26 are provided by a load cushion 38A which is provided in FIGS. 1-4 by spud buckets 38 partially filled with a granular substance or other means to cushion the impact at touchdown and to disperse the load across the rig interface.
  • the granular material must not only meet these load transfer characteristics, but also weather the environmental conditions and challenges such as scouring effects which tend to wash the granular material out of the open-top spud bucket even though it is positioned below the wave zone.
  • sand, gravel or other granular material must be selected to accommodate these requirements.
  • cement or grout is placed in the spud bucket and sets after touchdown.
  • Such a material may be selected to provide structural benefits to the system by resisting a moment applied across the jack-up rig to jacket base interface, yet to provide a limited adherence that is easily broken during de-mobilization of the jack-up rig for transfer to another site.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of subsea rig support interface 26 in which load cushion 38A is provided by a layer of cushioning material such as rubber or elastomeric cushion 38B over a steel lattice structure 38D.
  • the lattice structure has a hole or receptacle 39 which receives a pin 37 on foot 36 for an advantage of more exact load placement and resistance to lateral loads.
  • hydraulically driven gripping arms 41 may be deployed to engage the edges of foot 36 to provide resistance to a moment applied across the jack-up rig to jacket base interface.
  • FIG. 2 also illustrates a plurality of conductors 40 arranged through surface tower 28. Drilling may be undertaken through each of the conductors using the jack-up rig which may also complete the well and sets production risers through conductors 40.
  • platform deck 32 may accommodate surface completions with a workover rig installed thereon.
  • the platform deck of the surface tower also facilitates production while drilling (“PWD”) operations by supplying deck space for production facilities not easily accommodated on jack-up rigs designed for drilling alone.
  • PWD production while drilling
  • FIG. 4 illustrates jack-up rig 34 in place on jacket base 12 of offshore platform structure 10. Together these comprise offshore platform system 50.
  • jack-up rig 34 has three retractable legs 54 depending from a hull /deck member 52. Drilling and other facilities are provided by the jack-up rig, including a derrick 56, which is conveniently provided on a cantilever deck 58.
  • jack-up rig 34 is facilitated by means for aligning the jack-up rig with subsea rig support interfaces 26.
  • This means may, for example, be provided in a cooperation between the hull/deck 52 of the jack-up rig as it floats in an alignment through a bumper engagement with a vertical face of surface tower 28 prior to jacking operations.
  • at least one installation guide 42 may project substantially vertically above the periphery of one or more of spud buckets 38 to engage feet 36 on descending legs 54 during jacking operations (see FIGS. 1 and 2) . Further, these and other means for alignment may be combined.
  • the jacket base 2 at the top of the jacket base is skewed to a diamond shape to provide support for the subsea rig support interfaces 26 in substantial alignment with legs 14 of the jacket base.
  • this quadrilateral cross section does not extend outwardly the leg 14 which is associated with surface tower 28 at the first corner of the jacket base.
  • the first corner is a shorter distance "a" from an intersection of lines diagonally bisecting the cross section at this level than distances "b" or "c” with respect to the other corners. This relationship contributes to providing a wide spread at subsea rig support interface 26 to accept the feet of jack-up rig 34, yet maintains surface tower 28 adjacent the jack-up rig for convenient access with a cantilevered deck.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the connection of pile sleeves 20 to legs 14.
  • FIGS. 6-8 illustrate another application well suited to the present invention in which jacket base 12 has three legs 14 arranged with braces 18 of framework 16 in a triangular cross section.
  • surface tower 28 is supported by interconnecting framework 16A to the jacket base in a parallel, overlapping relation. This affords a minimal footprint to jacket base 12, thereby reducing material requirements.
  • the structural requirements for surface tower 28 to support a facilities deck, workover rig, risers and riser conductors, are much less than that required to support a jack-up rig 34. Separating these support requirements may allow an overall reduction in steel despite the overlap of surface tower 28 to jacket base 12.
  • This application of the present invention addresses reducing costs not only by providing support only where it is needed but by designing a platform system 50 that matches structural capabilities to meet relevant design criteria on a seasonally adjusted basis.
  • the ease of jack-up rig deployment and demobilization as a self- contained mobile unit facilitates employing a method of conducting platform operations that can further reduce platform costs.
  • offshore platform structure 10 is installed and jack-up rig 34 is mated thereon to establish an offshore platform system 50 for conducting well operations during calm weather periods.
  • FIG. 9 is a longitudinal cross section of pile 22 which has been secured to the water bottom through pile sleeve 20. This cross section is taken from the vantage point of line 9-9 in FIG. 1, but illustrates an installation step in one embodiment of the present invention which facilitates reuse of offshore platform structure 10 after depletion of a reservoir.
  • pile sleeve 20 is an open-ended cylindrical member having extended multiple stages, here illustrated by first and second stage sleeves 60 and 62.
  • First stage sleeve 60 projects co-axially from second stage sleeve 62 to facilitate access for salvage operations (see also FIG. 1) .
  • Both the first and second stage sleeves have locking profiles 64, here provided by an annular groove 66 on the interior surface of the cylindrical member 68.
  • Offshore platform structure 10 is launched and placed and piles 22 are secured into the water bottom through pile sleeves 20 by driving or by drill and grout operations. At that point a locking tool 70 is run inside the pile which is held concentrically within the pile sleeve (see FIG. 9) . Seals or packers 72 are activated to secure a hydraulic seal above and below the first locking profile 64A and to isolate the second locking profile 64B.
  • Hydraulic pressure is introduced to the interior of pile 22 through locking tool 70 to the annular region bounded by the locking tool and the pile between seals 72.
  • the pressure extrudes or swages the pile into locking profile 64A to form a secure connection (see FIG. 10) .
  • seals 72 are deactivated and locking tool 70 is removed from the pile and is used for succeeding pile-to-pile sleeve connections as installation operations continue.
  • mechanical swaging operations may be isolated to the first locking profile causing the pile to conform to the shape of the first locking profile in a secure engagement.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 Another embodiment of the multiple stage pile-to-foundation connection of the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14 in which the pile-to-pile sleeve connection is secured by grout.
  • ROV remotely operated vehicle
  • packer 80 expands from recess 82 to seal across the pile- to-pile sleeve annulus and isolate first stage 60 from second stage 62. If it is desired to keep the grout from open contact with seawater, a second packer 80 is deployed on the upper bounds of the first stage and a grout return valve is provided immediately adjacent thereto.
  • the length of the annular first stage locking profile is dependent upon the friction of the grouted zone necessary to manage the design loads.
  • packers 80 have deployed with hydraulic pressure supplied by ROV 76 and the ROV is in communication with a source of grout.
  • the ROV attaches to grout placement valve 84 and injects grout, displacing the seawater and filling the annulus until grout reaches grout return valve 86.
  • the ROV is removed and the grout sets in the first stage locking profile.
  • packers 80, valves and nipples of second stage 62 may be omitted in the initial installation and conveniently installed in minimal offshore operations after salvage of the jacket.
  • Offshore platform structure 10 may have a useful life exceeding the life of profitable production from the hydrocarbon reserves at the initial site of deployment. It may then be desired to salvage the offshore platform structure 10 for relocation. At this point surface facilities are removed to prepare the jacket base for recovery.
  • placing the initial extruded locking engagement in an accessible location facilitates simple cutting operations, through both pile sleeves 20 and piles 22, around the base of the offshore platform structure.
  • first stage pile sleeve 60 is accessible as an extension projecting upwardly from the bracing which connects pile sleeve 20 to jacket legs 14 (see FIG. 1) .
  • other configurations may be employed, e.g., a downwardly projecting extension in which the first stage is presented on the bottom. In this latter embodiment, explosive cutting from inside the pile may be preferable to traditional cutting methods.
  • the first stage extension and the pile section therein is separated from the cylindrical members (see FIG. 12) .
  • Second locking profile 64B remains available for a re-deployment of the offshore platform structure.
  • the embodiment of FIGS 13 and 14 would be similarly salvaged and re-deployed. Further, these salvage operations may be aided by providing additional ballast chambers within the platform jacket into which air may be pumped for a reserve buoyancy that facilitates one-piece retrieval.
  • the multi-stage locking profile arrangement of the present invention facilitates successive deployments of an offshore platform structure.
  • This presents particular advantages with a jacket base having flexibility for re-deployment throughout a range of water depths, e.g., in combination with a jack-up rig that may adjust to differences in water depths.
  • the present invention will be seen by those having ordinary skill in the art as applicable to a full range of offshore foundations on other jacket or gravity structures which are pinned to the water bottom with piles.
  • Other modifications, changes and substitutions are intended in the foregoing disclosure and in some instances some features of the invention will be employed without a corresponding use of other features.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

Une structure de plate-forme de forage en mer pour des opérations de forage de puits en eau profonde comprend: une base en treillis (12) ancrée au fond; une tour (28) en surface et un pont (32) de plate-forme soutenus par la base en treillis (12) et s'étendant au-dessus de la surface de l'eau (30); et une structure de jonction sous-marine (26), destinée au support de l'installation de forage, disposée au sommet du treillis (12) et conçue pour recevoir une plate-forme auto-élévatrice (34) pour des opérations de forage. La structure est de préférence équipée de manchons (20) de pile à deux étages reliés au pied de la structure de façon que, après l'enlèvement du second étage, le premier étage de chaque manchon est conservé afin d'être à nouveau déployé, ce qui facilite la réutilisation de la structure. Le montage amovible d'une plate-forme auto-élévatrice (34) sur une structure réutilisable permet d'accroître la flexibilité de développement de gisements dans des zones d'eau profonde.
EP94928401A 1993-09-30 1994-09-29 Structures de plate-forme de forage en mer et manchon de pile reutilisable associe a ladite structure Withdrawn EP0721533A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US129829 1987-12-08
US129820 1993-09-30
US08/129,820 US5447391A (en) 1993-09-30 1993-09-30 Offshore platform structure and system
US08/129,829 US5445476A (en) 1993-09-30 1993-09-30 Reusable offshore platform jacket
PCT/EP1994/003260 WO1995009280A2 (fr) 1993-09-30 1994-09-29 Structures de plate-forme de forage en mer et manchon de pile reutilisable associe a ladite structure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0721533A1 true EP0721533A1 (fr) 1996-07-17

Family

ID=26827942

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94928401A Withdrawn EP0721533A1 (fr) 1993-09-30 1994-09-29 Structures de plate-forme de forage en mer et manchon de pile reutilisable associe a ladite structure

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0721533A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09503038A (fr)
CN (1) CN1132535A (fr)
AU (1) AU686237B2 (fr)
NO (1) NO961263D0 (fr)
OA (1) OA10278A (fr)
WO (1) WO1995009280A2 (fr)

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JP5548891B2 (ja) * 2010-01-07 2014-07-16 西武ポリマ化成株式会社 杭と鞘管間のグラウト流出防止用シール材、そのシール構造およびその施工方法
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KR20130120462A (ko) * 2010-10-21 2013-11-04 코노코 필립스 컴퍼니 가스 교반 시스템 및 레그 얼음 차폐부를 구비한 얼음에 적합한 잭-업 굴착선
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO961263L (no) 1996-03-28
WO1995009280A2 (fr) 1995-04-06
JPH09503038A (ja) 1997-03-25
WO1995009280A3 (fr) 1995-07-06
NO961263D0 (no) 1996-03-28
AU686237B2 (en) 1998-02-05
OA10278A (en) 1997-10-07
CN1132535A (zh) 1996-10-02
AU7784394A (en) 1995-04-18

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