EP0719248A1 - Synthese de tensioactifs de sarcosinate - Google Patents

Synthese de tensioactifs de sarcosinate

Info

Publication number
EP0719248A1
EP0719248A1 EP94927333A EP94927333A EP0719248A1 EP 0719248 A1 EP0719248 A1 EP 0719248A1 EP 94927333 A EP94927333 A EP 94927333A EP 94927333 A EP94927333 A EP 94927333A EP 0719248 A1 EP0719248 A1 EP 0719248A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sarcosinate
salt
sodium
base catalyst
amido
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP94927333A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Wayne Heinzman
Jeffrey Scott Dupont
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Procter and Gamble Co
Original Assignee
Procter and Gamble Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Publication of EP0719248A1 publication Critical patent/EP0719248A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C231/02—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the chemical synthesis of sarcosinate compounds useful as surfactants.
  • the amido acids comprise one class of chemicals whose amido and carboxylate functional groups suggest their use as surfactants (e.g., sarcosinates), fabric softeners, antistatic agents and the like. Moreover, the amido acids constitute a basic raw material for the amido phenyl ester sulfonate class of chemicals which can serve as bleach activators in laundry detergents and other types of bleach-containing cleaning compositions. On the positive side, the amido acids and their aforementioned derivatives are potentially obtainable from inexpensive raw materials. Unfortunately, the synthesis of certain amido acids is somewhat complicated and can involve the use of solvents, with additional problems associated with recycle streams and the like. Problems can also arise with the formation of undesirable colored by-products. The present invention provides a simple method for the synthesis of sarcosinate amido acids.
  • reaction sequences herein proceed in acceptable yields (typically 80%, and higher) and, importantly, result in products with minimal discoloration.
  • the reactions may be conducted without added solvents, i.e., the reactants or products act as solvents.
  • the reaction products need not be extensively purified which further improves the overall economics of the processes.
  • Patent 3,836,551 to Schroeder et al., for salts of N-acylamino carboxylic acids said to be made by reacting an amino acid and a carboxylic acid, ester, or amide at 100° C - 250° C in the presence of a salt-forming basic compound such as an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, a tertiary amine, or a quaternary ammonium hydroxide.
  • a salt-forming basic compound such as an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, a tertiary amine, or a quaternary ammonium hydroxide.
  • R ⁇ is a C, or higher hydrocarbyl substituent (preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl), and M is an alkali metal salt;
  • step (b) optionally, neutralizing the salt formed by step (a) to form the sarcosinate amido acid, whereby M is hydrogen in Formula IA.
  • the preferred method for preparing said sarcosinate amido acids is conducted at a temperature from about 80°C to about 200°C, especially from about 120°C to about 200°C.
  • (b) use a basic catalyst such as a sodium or potassium alkoxide.
  • the reaction proceeds in about 85% yield with a molar ratio of fatty methyl ester reactant to sarcosine salt reactant to basic catalyst of about 1 1 0 05-0 2
  • the carboxylic acid ester reactant can be selected from alkyl esters (preferably methyl or ethyl) of straight chain aliphatic, branched chain aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic, heteroaromatic, ethercarboxylic and cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids
  • alkyl esters preferably methyl or ethyl
  • Nonlimiting examples include methyl or ethyl esters of the following carboxylic acids' acetic, propionic, butyric, caprylic, caproic, nonanoic, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic, decanoic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, behenic, 2-methyl-undecanoic, 2-butyl-octanoic, 2-ethyl-hexanoic, alkyl- and alkenylsuccinic, adipic, cyclohexyl, C
  • Methyl ester mixtures derived from high oleic content natural oils are especially preferred as starting materials for amido acid surfactants.
  • the sarcosine salt reactant can be, for example, the sodium or potassium salts of sarcosine.
  • the sodium salt of sarcosine can be generated either by neutralizing the amino acid with a sodium hydroxide solution and then drying or by neutralizing with sodium methoxide (convenient for lab preparations since it does not introduce water).
  • reaction conditions in the present invention process may be as follows Any air in the system during the amidation step causes darkening of the reaction mixture. Consequently, an inert gas (nitrogen is convenient) is sparged through the reaction mixture during this step. Inert gases such as argon, or the like, can also be used.
  • Inert gases such as argon, or the like, can also be used. The objective is to provide a nonoxidizing reaction system in order to minimize the formation of colored contaminants.
  • An alcohol can serve as the solvent for the amide formation step. It is preferred that the alcohol boiling point be less than 200°C, if it must be removed from the amido acid. 1-Butanol is a preferred solvent, since it can easily be removed from the product by distillation and for economical reasons be easily recycled
  • the sarcosine salt can be dried either by heating to ⁇ 100°C under vacuum or by using a solvent (e.g., 1-butanol) to azeotropically remove water Alternatively, the sarcosine salt can be dispersed in the fatty methyl ester and heated to ⁇ 140°C at ambient pressure for 0.5 hr. Excess hydroxide in the sarcosine salt can be neutralized with acid prior to drying or if it is at a low level, acid can be added to the amidation reaction mixture prior to adding the fatty ester and alkoxide base.
  • a solvent e.g., 1-butanol
  • the amidation reaction mixture can be very viscous and the use of alcohol solvents can reduce the viscosity.
  • Various alcohols boiling above 100°C are suitable including 1-propanol, 1- and iso-butanol, 1-hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, octanol, propylene and ethylene glycol.
  • Fatty acid salts or amido acid salts also help solubilize the reactants.
  • no solvent is necessary if the reaction is performed at 160-200°C.
  • oleoyl sarcosinate sodium salt is fluid at these temperatures and is capable of solubilizing the reactants It is generally useful to take part of a previous reaction mixture (heel) to solubilize the reactants of the next amidation reaction
  • a base with a basicity equal to or greater than alkoxides is necessary to catalyze amidation.
  • alkoxides are suitable such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, and potassium t-butoxide.
  • Bases capable of forming alkoxides from alcohols are also suitable including sodium metal, potassium metal, sodium and potassium hydride. Sodium methoxide is preferred for economic reasons.
  • the order of reagent addition is also important for minimizing fatty acid salt production. It is preferred to first disperse the sarcosine salt in the solvent with the fatty methyl ester or heel of the previous reaction and then heat to the desired reaction temperature. This helps drive off any water which may be present in the sarcosine salt or fatty methyl ester. The basic catalyst is added last.
  • Reaction temperatures in the amidation step will typically be above about 80°C and below about 200°C and are preferably in the range from about 1 10°C to about 200°C.
  • a pressure vessel in order to achieve the desired reaction temperature.
  • Reaction times can vary, of course, depending on the reactant volumes being employed. However, as a general rule for reactions in the 100 mis size range, a reaction time in the range from about 0.5 hours to about 4 hours is sufficient.
  • the alcohol originating from the carboxylic acid ester (typically methanol) is distilled from the reaction.
  • some of the alcohol solvent typically butanol
  • foaming caused by methanol evaporation can be a problem.
  • Addition of common defoamers such as Dow Corning Silicone 200 can alleviate this.
  • Antioxidants commonly used in foods and plastics industries may also be added to the reaction mixture to improve color and/or odor of the sarcosinate product, such as BHA, BHT, Tenox, and/or Irganox antioxidants.
  • Metal sequestrants may also be useful in the present process for similar benefits, and include for example Dequest 2066.
  • Reaction stoichiometry in the amidation step employs a molar ratio of sarcosine salt reactant to carboxylic acid ester to basic catalyst of about 1 : 1 :0.05-0.2.
  • Sarcosine remaining in the reaction mixture can be converted to an amide by addition of maleic or acetic anhydride to the mixture. Minimizing the sarcosine content minimizes any potential for nitrosamine formation.
  • the sarcosinate amido acid salt can be neutralized to the sarcosinate amido acid and the alcohol solvent removed.
  • acids e.g., sulfuric, formic acids
  • acetic acid is not as preferred as formic acid because sodium acetate is more soluble than sodium formate in methanol/butanol
  • Formic acid is convenient if 1 -butanol is the reaction solvent Sodium formate is sparingly soluble in 1 -butanol and precipitates
  • Amido acid is soluble in the butanol Typically a molar ratio of acid to amido acid salt of about 1 1 is used
  • butanol is removed from the amido acid by distillation and can be recycled
  • Weight Percent Compound (Cone Compound, ppm) * Vg_* 1 00 o /o c
  • V c Volume of flask in which unknown sample was prepared (in L)
  • reaction mixture is then heated to 160°C and methyl oleate 70% (40.0 g, 0.094 mol) is added. Reaction is kept at 180°C for 1 .0 hr during which methanol is collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The reaction is allowed to cool and the desired product (49.8 g) is obtained.
  • Example IV Synthesis of High-Oleic Natural Oil-Derived Amides of Sarcosine Sodium Salt -
  • a 2L, 3-neck, round bottom flask is fitted with thermometer, Dean-Stark trap with condenser, mechanical stirring, and a gas inlet adapter through which nitrogen is passed over the reaction mixture
  • the reaction vessel is charged with sarcosine 98% (33.4 g, 0 368 mol), sodium methoxide 25% in methanol (75 5 g, 0 35 mol), and methanol (400 mL).
  • the reaction is refluxed 15 min to neutralize the sarcosine and then methyl ester derived from high-oleic natural oil ( 120 0 g, 0 405 mol) is added Any water in the reaction mixture is removed by heating to 170°C for 1 hr and the methanol is collected using the Dean-Stark trap.
  • reaction is initiated by the addition of sodium methoxide 25% in methanol (1 1 9 g, 0.055 mol) Reaction is kept at 170°C for 2.5 hr during which methanol is collected in the Dean-Stark trap The reaction is allowed to cool to 70°C and methanol (250 mL) is added to the reaction mixture in order to transfer it out of the flask Ethyl acetate (250 mL) is added to the methanol solution and this solution is kept at 40°C overnight in order to precipitate fatty acid salts.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé de préparation d'amido-acides de sarcosinate et de sels de ceux-ci de la formule (IA), dans laquelle R représente un substituant hydrocarbyle à C1 ou plus, et M représente une fraction cationique sélectionnée à partir de sels de métaux alcalins et d'hydrogène. Ce procédé consiste à: (a) faire réagir dans des conditions anhydres, en présence d'un catalyseur de base ayant un degré de basicité égal ou supérieur à un catalyseur alcoxyde, un ester d'acide carboxylique de la formule (II) ayant un sel d'acide aminé de sarcosine de la structure (B), dans laquelle R est tel que décrit ci-dessus, R1 représente un substituant hydrocarbyle à C¿1? ou plus, et M représente un sel de métal alcalin; et (b) éventuellement, neutraliser le sel d'amido-acide de sarcosinate obtenu à l'étape (a) pour former l'amido-acide de sarcosinate, M représentant hydrogène dans la formule (IA).
EP94927333A 1993-09-14 1994-09-01 Synthese de tensioactifs de sarcosinate Ceased EP0719248A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12100793A 1993-09-14 1993-09-14
US121007 1993-09-14
US20647594A 1994-03-04 1994-03-04
US206475 1994-03-04
PCT/US1994/009964 WO1995007881A1 (fr) 1993-09-14 1994-09-01 Synthese de tensioactifs de sarcosinate

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0719248A1 true EP0719248A1 (fr) 1996-07-03

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94927333A Ceased EP0719248A1 (fr) 1993-09-14 1994-09-01 Synthese de tensioactifs de sarcosinate

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0719248A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09502716A (fr)
CA (1) CA2171710A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995007881A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4433977A1 (de) * 1994-09-23 1996-03-28 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von N-Acylaminocarbonsäuren und N-Acylaminosulfonsäuren sowie deren Alkalimetallsalzen
US5710295A (en) * 1995-06-06 1998-01-20 Hampshire Chemical Corp. Preparation of alkali metal acyl amino acids
US5646319A (en) * 1995-06-23 1997-07-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Synthesis of N-acyl-N-alkylcarboxylates
DE19525512A1 (de) * 1995-07-13 1997-01-16 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von N-Acylaminocarbonsäuren und N-Acylaminosulfonsäuren sowie deren Alkalimetallsalzen
US9156777B2 (en) 2012-07-03 2015-10-13 Stepan Company Process for preparing N-acyl amino acid salts
BR112016003494B1 (pt) * 2013-08-19 2021-02-09 Stepan Company processo para a preparação de sais de n-acilaminoácidos
WO2018001680A1 (fr) 2016-06-29 2018-01-04 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Procédé de production de tensioactifs
EP4352189A1 (fr) * 2021-06-08 2024-04-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Tensioactifs d'acides aminés n-acylés et leurs dérivés
WO2023086549A1 (fr) 2021-11-11 2023-05-19 Calusa Bio, Llc Excipients polymères de poly(sarcosine)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1543634A1 (de) * 1965-01-28 1969-07-31 Grace W R & Co Verfahren zur Herstellung von N-Acylaminosaeuren
NL7100453A (fr) * 1970-01-30 1971-08-03
DE3003898A1 (de) * 1980-02-02 1981-08-13 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Verfahren zur acylierung von aminocarbonsaeuren
JPS63216852A (ja) * 1987-03-05 1988-09-09 Kao Corp ２級アミド誘導体の製造法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9507881A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1995007881A1 (fr) 1995-03-23
CA2171710A1 (fr) 1995-03-23
JPH09502716A (ja) 1997-03-18

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