EP0718552B1 - Externally mixing burner - Google Patents
Externally mixing burner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0718552B1 EP0718552B1 EP95402760A EP95402760A EP0718552B1 EP 0718552 B1 EP0718552 B1 EP 0718552B1 EP 95402760 A EP95402760 A EP 95402760A EP 95402760 A EP95402760 A EP 95402760A EP 0718552 B1 EP0718552 B1 EP 0718552B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- holes
- fluid
- chamber
- burner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
- F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a burner of the type external mixing.
- Waste in the form of a gas, a liquid, or a foam, possibly containing suitable additives are sent to a powered burner by two pure oxygen, or at least with high content.
- This process consists dispersing the waste to be incinerated in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant and, where appropriate, a fuel, to transform this solution into a foam slightly pressurized, and transfer this foam to a cyclone oven by passing it through an oxygen burner.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a burner with improved performance compared to to the device of the prior art, a homogeneous flame can occur at a short distance, substantially constant despite variations in fuel, from the nose of the burner.
- the burner of the invention can be used in all areas, without being limited to waste incineration.
- the invention provides a external mix type burner with pierced nose a passage for supplying a first fluid, and a passage supply of a second fluid capable of forming a flame when in contact with the first, the burner operating by flame formation a short distance from the nose, the nose being made up of a part with a pierced outer face of holes, some of these holes opening into a room supplied with the first fluid, this chamber being bounded by the nose, a side wall pierced with orifices to get the first fluid, and a bottom, transverse to the side wall, the side wall being connected waterproof with the nose and with the bottom, and some others nose holes each containing a tube attached to the nose so watertight, and crossing the bottom also in leaktight fashion, to lead into a second fluid supply conduit, all the holes opening into the chamber and the set of holes containing tubes each having a regular and uniform distribution on the outside of the nose.
- the first fluid can be the fuel, in the form foam or gas or liquid, and the second fluid may be oxygen.
- the opposite situation is possible.
- the number and respective diameters of the holes opening into the chamber and tubes is obviously function of the desired combustion, and in particular of the nature fuel and fuel.
- the burner as a whole, includes a body tubular C visible in Figure 1, and a head T, visible more precisely in Figures 2 and 3.
- Body C comprises several concentric tubes, namely, starting from the axis, a first tube 2 which is connected to an oxygen inlet 3, and which, from opposite side, leads to head T.
- a second tube 4 defines with the tube 2 an annular conduit 5 which serves to feed fuel from fuel inlet 6 up to head T.
- a third and a fourth tube concentric 7, 8 define between them two spaces annulars intended for the circulation of a cooling, which enters the annular space outside 9 by an entry 10, and comes out of the space inner ring 11 by an outlet 12. The two spaces annulars 9 and 11 communicate with each other at the level of the burner head T.
- the burner head includes a part called "nose", which has the general shape of a disc 13, drilled, in its part central, of a multitude of orifices 14, 15.
- the face outer 16 of the nose 13 is flat, while its opposite face 17 carries a first external projection 18 intended for its connection with the outer tube 8, and another protruding annular 19 which serves to delimit, with the face 17, a room 20.
- a shutter piece 21 has the general shape a cylinder open at one end and closed at the other end by a perforated disc 22.
- the cylindrical part 23 of the part 21 is welded by its ends to the relief cylindrical 19 of the nose.
- a number of radial holes 24, arranged in two radial planes, are provided in the cylindrical part 23, a short distance from the disc 22.
- the holes 14 and 15 of the burner nose 13 open all in room 20.
- Figure 3 shows their distribution regular. A number of these holes 14 are found in axial alignment with holes 25 of the part shutter 21, and a tube 26 is crimped in each hole 14 and each corresponding hole 25. All holes 25 of the disc 22 are connected to a corresponding bore 14 of the nose so that there is no communication between the room 20 and space 27 which is on the opposite side of disc 22, and which extends the inlet duct oxygen.
- FIG 3 there is shown in dark the tubes 14 which are provided with tubes 26, and therefore communicate with holes 25 and with space 27, and clearly tubes 15 which communicate with chamber 20.
- the holes 14 and the holes 15 are evenly distributed. The ratio of the number of holes 14 to the number of holes 15 is obviously adapted depending on the problem.
- the end of the tube 4 is welded to a shoulder outside 28 carried by the cylindrical wall 23 of the part shutter 21. This shoulder is closer to the face outer of the nose than the 25 holes.
- the fuel therefore penetrates radially into chamber 20.
- the currents of fuel coming out of the holes 25 strike the tubes 26 before exiting through the orifices 15 of the nose. It results in mixing which ensures that the flow rates of each of the 15 holes are the same.
- Room 20 is also a buffer chamber which homogenizes the variations fuel composition.
- conduits 26, and the holes 14 route oxygen directly from space 27, without putting it in contact with the fuel in chamber 20. Again the distribution of holes 14 ensures distribution regular.
- the structure of the burner thus makes it possible to obtain a particularly homogeneous and constant flame.
- the double-walled cooling circuit 9, 11 is practically extends to the level of disc 13. It therefore comes closer to the outer face 16 of the nose than the weld connecting the shoulder 28 to the tube 4. This weld is therefore effectively cooled, which is a guarantee of duration.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
Description
La présente invention est relative à un brûleur du type à mélange externe.The present invention relates to a burner of the type external mixing.
Le traitement de certains déchets industriels par incinération à l'oxygène est actuellement considéré comme une voie très prometteuse. Les déchets, sous forme d'un gaz, d'un liquide, ou d'une mousse, contenant éventuellement des additifs convenables, sont envoyés dans un brûleur alimenté par deux l'oxygène pur, ou du moins à teneur élevée.The treatment of certain industrial waste by oxygen incineration is currently considered a very promising path. Waste, in the form of a gas, a liquid, or a foam, possibly containing suitable additives are sent to a powered burner by two pure oxygen, or at least with high content.
On connaít par exemple un procédé mis au point pour traiter certains effluents aqueux provenant du lessivage de générateurs de vapeurs de centrales nucléaires, mais qui peut avoir bien d'autres applications. Ce procédé consiste à disperser le déchet à incinérer dans une solution aqueuse contenant un agent tensioactif ainsi que, le cas échéant, un carburant, à transformer cette solution en une mousse légèrement pressurisée, et à transférer cette mousse dans un four cyclone en la faisant passer dans un brûleur à oxygène.We know for example a process developed for treat certain aqueous effluents from the leaching of steam generators from nuclear power plants but which may have many other applications. This process consists dispersing the waste to be incinerated in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant and, where appropriate, a fuel, to transform this solution into a foam slightly pressurized, and transfer this foam to a cyclone oven by passing it through an oxygen burner.
Les avantages de l'emploi de l'oxygène dans un brûleur sont connus : possibilité d'obtenir des températures élevées, bon accrochage de la flamme au nez du brûleur, même avec des pouvoirs calorifiques faibles, diminution du volume des fumées, et, par suite, de l'encombrement des installations, réduction de la production d'oxydes d'azote.The advantages of using oxygen in a burner are known: possibility of obtaining temperatures high, good attachment of the flame to the burner nose, even with low calorific values, decrease in volume fumes, and therefore the size of the installations, reduction of the production of nitrogen oxides.
Pour limiter les inconvénients qui résultent des variations de composition de la matière à traiter, qui sont la règle dans le cas de déchets, il est préférable d'utiliser un brûleur à mélange externe. Cependant, les études ont montré que les brûleurs de ce type, actuellement disponibles, ne permettent pas d'obtenir une stabilité de flamme suffisante en cas de fortes variations de la matière à traiter.To limit the inconvenience that results from variations in the composition of the material to be treated, which are the rule in the case of waste it is better use an external mixture burner. However, the studies have shown that burners of this type, currently available, do not provide stability of sufficient flame in case of large variations in the material treat.
Le document EP-A-0 069 245 montre un brûleur à mélange externe actuellement disponible.Document EP-A-0 069 245 shows a burner with external mixture currently available.
Le but de la présente invention est de fournir un brûleur présentant des performances améliorées par rapport au dispositif de l'art antérieur, une flamme homogène pouvant se produire à une faible distance, sensiblement constante malgré les variations du combustible, du nez du brûleur. The object of the present invention is to provide a burner with improved performance compared to to the device of the prior art, a homogeneous flame can occur at a short distance, substantially constant despite variations in fuel, from the nose of the burner.
Il va de soi cependant que le brûleur de l'invention est utilisable dans tous les domaines, sans se limiter à l'incinération des déchets.It goes without saying, however, that the burner of the invention can be used in all areas, without being limited to waste incineration.
Pour obtenir le résultat désiré, l'invention fournit un brûleur du type à mélange externe, comportant un nez percé d'un passage d'amenée d'un premier fluide, et d'un passage d'amenée d'un second fluide susceptible de former une flamme lorsqu'il est au contact du premier, le brûleur fonctionnant par formation de la flamme à faible distance du nez, le nez étant constitué d'une pièce présentant une face extérieure percée de trous, certains de ces trous débouchant dans une chambre alimentée avec le premier fluide, cette chambre étant délimitée par le nez, une paroi latérale percée d'orifices pour l'arriver du premier fluide, et un fond, transversal à la paroi latérale, la paroi latérale étant en liaison étanche avec le nez et avec le fond, et certains autres trous du nez contenant chacun un tube fixé au nez de façon étanche, et traversant le fond également de façon étanche, pour déboucher dans un conduit d'amenée du second fluide, l'ensemble des trous débouchant dans la chambre et l'ensemble des trous contenant des tubes ayant chacun une répartition régulière et uniforme sur la face extérieure du nez.To obtain the desired result, the invention provides a external mix type burner with pierced nose a passage for supplying a first fluid, and a passage supply of a second fluid capable of forming a flame when in contact with the first, the burner operating by flame formation a short distance from the nose, the nose being made up of a part with a pierced outer face of holes, some of these holes opening into a room supplied with the first fluid, this chamber being bounded by the nose, a side wall pierced with orifices to get the first fluid, and a bottom, transverse to the side wall, the side wall being connected waterproof with the nose and with the bottom, and some others nose holes each containing a tube attached to the nose so watertight, and crossing the bottom also in leaktight fashion, to lead into a second fluid supply conduit, all the holes opening into the chamber and the set of holes containing tubes each having a regular and uniform distribution on the outside of the nose.
La présence d'une chambre, dans laquelle s'homogénéise le flux du premier fluide, assure que celui-ci débouche à la face extérieure du brûleur avec un débit sensiblement constant, quelle que soit la position du trou. Il en est de même pour le deuxième fluide. On arrive ainsi à un ensemble régulièrement réparti de jet du premier fluide et de jet du second fluide, gage d'une combustion régulière.The presence of a room, in which is homogenized the flow of the first fluid, ensures that it leads to the external face of the burner with a substantially flow rate constant, regardless of the position of the hole. So is even for the second fluid. We thus arrive at a set evenly distributed jet of the first fluid and jet of the second fluid, guaranteeing regular combustion.
Ce résultat est obtenu au mieux si la face extérieure du nez est plane, et/ou les trous sont parallèles, spécialement quand ces deux particularités sont réunies.This result is best obtained if the outside face of the nose is flat, and / or the holes are parallel, especially when these two features are combined.
Le premier fluide peut être le combustible, sous forme de mousse ou de gaz ou de liquide, et le deuxième fluide peut être de l'oxygène. Cependant, la situation inverse est possible. Le nombre et les diamètres respectifs des trous débouchant dans la chambre et des tubes est évidemment fonction de la combustion désirée, et notamment de la nature du combustible et du carburant.The first fluid can be the fuel, in the form foam or gas or liquid, and the second fluid may be oxygen. However, the opposite situation is possible. The number and respective diameters of the holes opening into the chamber and tubes is obviously function of the desired combustion, and in particular of the nature fuel and fuel.
L'invention va maintenant être exposée de façon plus
détaillée à l'aide d'un exemple pratique illustré avec les
dessins, parmi lesquels :
Le brûleur, dans son ensemble, comprend un corps tubulaire C visible à la figure 1, et une tête T, visible plus précisément aux figures 2 et 3.The burner, as a whole, includes a body tubular C visible in Figure 1, and a head T, visible more precisely in Figures 2 and 3.
Le corps C comprend plusieurs tubes concentriques, à
savoir, en partant de l'axe, un premier tube 2 qui est
raccordé à une entrée d'admission d'oxygène 3, et qui, du
côté opposé, aboutit à la tête T. Un deuxième tube 4
délimite avec le tube 2 un conduit annulaire 5 qui sert à
amener le combustible depuis une entrée de combustible 6
jusqu'à la tête T. Un troisième et un quatrième tubes
concentriques 7, 8 définissent entre eux deux espaces
annulaires destinés à la circulation d'un fluide de
refroidissement, qui pénètre dans l'espace annulaire
extérieur 9 par une entrée 10, et ressort de l'espace
annulaire intérieur 11 par une sortie 12. Les deux espaces
annulaires 9 et 11 communiquent entre eux au niveau de la
tête T du brûleur.Body C comprises several concentric tubes,
namely, starting from the axis, a
La tête de brûleur comprend une pièce dite "nez", qui
a la forme générale d'un disque 13, percé, dans sa partie
centrale, d'une multitude d'orifices 14, 15. La face
extérieure 16 du nez 13 est plane, alors que sa face opposée
17 porte un premier saillant extérieur 18 destiné à sa
liaison avec le tube extérieur 8, et un autre saillant
annulaire 19 qui sert à délimiter, avec la face 17, une
chambre 20. Une pièce d'obturation 21 a la forme générale
d'un cylindre ouvert à une extrémité et fermé à l'autre
extrémité par un disque perforé 22. La partie cylindrique 23
de la pièce 21 est soudée par ses extrémités au relief
cylindrique 19 du nez. Un certain nombre d'orifices radiaux
24, disposés dans deux plans radiaux, sont prévus dans la
partie cylindrique 23, à faible distance du disque 22.The burner head includes a part called "nose", which
has the general shape of a
Les perçages 14 et 15 du nez de brûleur 13 débouchent
tous dans la chambre 20. La figure 3 montre leur répartition
régulière. Un certain nombre de ces perçages 14 se trouvent
en alignement axial avec des perçages 25 de la pièce
d'obturation 21, et un tube 26 est serti dans chaque perçage
14 et chaque perçage correspondant 25. Tous les perçages 25
du disque 22 sont reliés à un perçage correspondant 14 du
nez, si bien qu'il n'y a pas de communication entre la
chambre 20 et l'espace 27 qui se trouve sur la face opposée
du disque 22, et qui prolonge le conduit d'arrivée
d'oxygène. Sur la figure 3, on a représenté en foncé les
tubes 14 qui sont pourvus de tubes 26, et communiquent donc
avec les perçages 25 et avec l'espace 27, et en clair les
tubes 15 qui communiquent avec la chambre 20. On peut
constater que les perçages 14 et les perçages 15 sont
répartis de façon régulière. Le rapport du nombre de
perçages 14 au nombre de perçages 15 est évidemment adapté
en fonction du problème posé.The
L'extrémité du tube 4 est soudée sur un épaulement
extérieur 28 porté par la paroi cylindrique 23 de la pièce
d'obturation 21. Cet épaulement est plus proche de la face
extérieure du nez que les perçages 25. Le combustible
pénètre donc radialement dans la chambre 20. Les courants de
combustible sortant des perçages 25 viennent frapper les
tubes 26 avant de sortir par les orifices 15 du nez. Il en
résulte un brassage qui assure que les débits de chacun des
perçages 15 sont les mêmes. La chambre 20 constitue
également une chambre-tampon qui homogénéise les variations
de composition du combustible.The end of the
Les conduits 26, et les perçages 14 acheminent
l'oxygène directement depuis l'espace 27, sans le mettre en
contact avec le combustible dans la chambre 20. Là aussi la
répartition des perçages 14 assure une répartition
régulière.The
La structure du brûleur permet ainsi d'obtenir une flamme particulièrement homogène et constante.The structure of the burner thus makes it possible to obtain a particularly homogeneous and constant flame.
Le circuit de refroidissement 9, 11 à double paroi se
prolonge pratiquement jusqu'au niveau du disque 13. Il
arrive donc plus près de la face extérieure 16 du nez que la
soudure reliant l'épaulement 28 au tube 4. Cette soudure est
donc refroidie efficacement, ce qui est une garantie de
durée.The double-walled
Claims (8)
- Burner of the external mixing type, including a nozzle (13) drilled with a passage for supplying a first fluid and with a passage for supplying a second fluid capable of forming a flame when it is in contact with the first one, the burner operating by forming the flame at a short distance from the nozzle, the nozzle (13) consisting of a piece having an external face drilled with holes, some of these holes (15) running into a chamber (20) fed with the first fluid, this chamber being delimited by the nozzle (13), a side wall (23) drilled with orifices for the intake of the first fluid, and an end wall (22) transverse to the side wall, the side wall being in sealed connection with the nozzle and with the end wall, and some other holes (14) in the nozzle each containing a tube (26), which is fixed to the nozzle in a sealed manner and which passes through the end wall (22) also in a sealed manner, in order to run into a conduit for supplying the second fluid, the set of holes running into the chamber and the set of holes containing tubes each having a regular and uniform distribution over the external face of the nozzle.
- Burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the external face (16) of the nozzle (13) is approximately plane.
- Burner according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the holes (14, 15) are parallel.
- Burner according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the nozzle of the burner consists of a substantially plane plate, drilled with the said holes in its central part and having, on its side opposite its external face, a cylindrical projection (19) which surrounds the set of holes and forms a part of the side wall of the chamber.
- Burner according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the end wall of the chamber is formed as a plane plate (22) which supports a cylindrical extension (23) which forms at least part of the side wall of the chamber.
- Burner according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the conduit for supplying the second fluid consists of a first tube (2) welded to the end wall and in that a second tube (4), coaxial with the first and of larger diameter, is welded to an external shoulder (28) of the wall of the chamber, this shoulder being closer to the external face of the nozzle than the orifices (24) for intake of the first fluid, the said first fluid reaching these orifices by passing through the annular space lying between the first and the second tubes.
- Burner according to Claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a double wall between which a coolant passes, this coolant cooling not only the nozzle but also that said shoulder (28) of the wall of the chamber.
- Burner according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the tubes (26) are fixed to the nozzle by crimping.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9415412A FR2728655B1 (en) | 1994-12-21 | 1994-12-21 | EXTERNAL MIXTURE TYPE BURNER |
| FR9415412 | 1994-12-21 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0718552A1 EP0718552A1 (en) | 1996-06-26 |
| EP0718552B1 true EP0718552B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
Family
ID=9470063
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95402760A Expired - Lifetime EP0718552B1 (en) | 1994-12-21 | 1995-12-07 | Externally mixing burner |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5615833A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0718552B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69511054T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2136263T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2728655B1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3480376A (en) * | 1968-06-24 | 1969-11-25 | United States Steel Corp | Burner for pre-heating a refractory lined vessel |
| US3545903A (en) * | 1969-03-12 | 1970-12-08 | United States Steel Corp | Burner for preheating a refractory lined vessel |
| US3685740A (en) * | 1969-10-29 | 1972-08-22 | Air Reduction | Rocket burner with flame pattern control |
| EP0069245A3 (en) * | 1981-07-03 | 1983-11-16 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Nozzle mixing gas-oxygen burner |
| GB8530154D0 (en) * | 1985-12-06 | 1986-01-15 | Nordsea Gas Technology Ltd | Burner |
| CS551787A1 (en) * | 1986-11-18 | 1989-05-12 | Schingnitz Manfred | Gas burner |
| US5161379A (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1992-11-10 | United Technologies Corporation | Combustor injector face plate cooling scheme |
-
1994
- 1994-12-21 FR FR9415412A patent/FR2728655B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-12-07 ES ES95402760T patent/ES2136263T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-07 DE DE69511054T patent/DE69511054T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-07 EP EP95402760A patent/EP0718552B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-20 US US08/575,753 patent/US5615833A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0718552A1 (en) | 1996-06-26 |
| FR2728655A1 (en) | 1996-06-28 |
| ES2136263T3 (en) | 1999-11-16 |
| FR2728655B1 (en) | 1997-01-24 |
| US5615833A (en) | 1997-04-01 |
| DE69511054D1 (en) | 1999-09-02 |
| DE69511054T2 (en) | 2000-01-27 |
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