EP0717097B1 - Combustible à base d'huile végétale, et d'une coupe pétrolière riche en composé aromatiques - Google Patents
Combustible à base d'huile végétale, et d'une coupe pétrolière riche en composé aromatiques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0717097B1 EP0717097B1 EP95402747A EP95402747A EP0717097B1 EP 0717097 B1 EP0717097 B1 EP 0717097B1 EP 95402747 A EP95402747 A EP 95402747A EP 95402747 A EP95402747 A EP 95402747A EP 0717097 B1 EP0717097 B1 EP 0717097B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- volume
- fuel
- fuel according
- type
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a fuel formed a composition based on natural vegetable oil, likely to be burnt in combustion, either directly or in mixture with one or several hydrocarbons.
- the Applicant has set itself the objective the direct recovery of vegetable oils, by their incorporation, as is and at high contents, in a fuel meeting the standards for using fuels domestic and therefore not requiring modifications to existing combustion plants.
- Refined vegetable oil may be present in the fuel according to the invention at such high contents only 50% by volume. Beyond such oil concentrations vegetable, it becomes necessary to change the burner (s) of the boiler.
- the present invention therefore has for first object a fuel based on vegetable oil, characterized in what it contains between 100% and 1% by volume of a basic composition comprising at most 50% by volume of at least minus one vegetable oil and at least one petroleum cut rich in aromatic compounds such as heavy petrol, from a non-hydrogenating conversion, and in that the aromatic type vegetable oil / essence volume ratio is less than 2.
- Vegetable oil usable in fuel according to the invention is preferably an oil from a plant capable of be cultivated with a high yield per hectare. She can be chosen from the group comprising in particular sunflower oil, palm oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil and mixtures thereof. Of preferably the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil.
- vegetable oil is present in the fuel according to the invention at a rate of 10% to 50%, preferably 20% to 30% by volume.
- the petroleum cut rich in aromatic compounds heavy petrol type from a conversion not hydrogenating, usable in fuel according to the invention can be chosen from the group comprising gasoline from catalytic reforming, gasoline from steam cracking, pyrolysis gasoline, gasoline from catalytic cracking or mixtures thereof. We will use preferably gasoline from catalytic cracking.
- the petroleum fraction rich in aromatic compounds which can be used in the fuel according to the invention, preferably has a distillation range of between 140 ° C and 240 ° C at atmospheric pressure. It preferably has a viscosity of a value between 1.1 and 1.5 10 -6 m 2 s -1 at 20 ° C.
- the basic composition contained in the fuel according to the invention comprises at least one cut petroleum with a distillation interval included substantially between 240 ° C and 380 ° C.
- a cut preferably consists of FOD or equivalent of light diesel type of catalytic cracking (or "LCO" in English).
- the report volume between monoaromatic compounds and compounds diaromatics of the basic composition, which the fuel according to the invention, has a value chosen between 2 and 6.5, and is preferably on the order of 3.5.
- This volume content of mono- and diaromatic compounds was measured by the Fisher method, well known to those skilled in the art.
- the basic composition contained in the fuel according to the invention comprises 5 to 50% and, preferably, 20 to 40% by volume of aromatic essence.
- the hydrocarbon possibly present in the fuel according to the invention is a product meeting intersyndical specifications an oil of the domestic fuel oil type, hereinafter "FOD", or an equivalent.
- composition that the fuel according to the invention contains up to 3 parts by volume of FOD or equivalent.
- the invention finally relates to the use of fuel according to the invention in boilers and / or community and / or industrial type ovens.
- compositions referenced 1 to 7 containing rapeseed (“HC”), heavy gasoline from catalytic cracking (“ELCC”) and heating oil (“FOD”). The contents are expressed in% by volume.
- rapeseed oil (HC) used here is a refined oil, marketed under the name LUBRIROB by the company ROBBE in Compiègne. Its pour point is less than -21 ° C and its viscosity at 20 ° C is 75.10 -6 m 2 / s (75 mm 2 / s).
- the heavy catalytic cracking gasoline used here is a 140 ° C-203 ° C cut from a cracking unit catalytic comprising 65% aromatics, 12% olefins and 23% of saturated molecules.
- this ratio is preferably chosen to be less than 1.
- the fuel according to the invention comprising rapeseed oil perfectly meets intersyndical specifications retained for use on a FOD boiler, including cloud and flow points, as well as flash point, and constitutes a "green fuel” of substitution of conventional fuel from the state of the technical.
- This "green fuel” can be burned in a boiler usually using domestic fuel oil, without modify the initial boiler installation, especially the burner (s) and it has a good storage stability.
- burning rapeseed oil even on a modified burner, poses a big problem of start-up (given the low intrinsic volatility of the product), adding ELCC mixed with quantities significant rapeseed oil significantly improves ignition by electrodes, when starting the burner.
Description
- de miscibilité : l'huile végétale, qui est un triester, se mélange difficilement avec des produits plus légers, de nature chimique différente ;
- de viscosité : la viscosité de l'huile végétale est de l'ordre de 70.10-6m2/s (70 mm2/s) à 20°C, ce qui rend impossible son incorporation directe dans un produit tel que le fioul domestique (dit encore fuel oil domestique ou "F.O.D.") c'est à dire, en particulier, de viscosité inférieure à 7.10-6m2/s (7 mm2/s) à 20°C, ou encore sa pulvérisation dans un brûleur classique pour FOD ;
- d'opérabilité et de stabilité au stockage (oxydation et pollution bactérienne) ;
- de mise en oeuvre, du fait des pertes de charge en lignes liées à la viscosité naturelle des huiles végétales ;
- d'encrassement de la chaudière, dû à une mauvaise combustion ;
- de brûleurs, car s'il existe sur le marché des brûleurs polycombustibles, ces brûleurs nécessitent un réchauffage du combustible, une adaptation de la ligne de transfert entre la cuve de stockage et le brûleur, voire une pulvérisation assistée, ce qui limite d'autant l'intérêt économique de brûler de l'huile végétale, s'il faut modifier des équipements qui utilisent actuellement du fuel oil domestique.
- d'une part, il peut renfermer jusqu'à 50% en volume d'huile végétale, sans besoin de modifier le(s) brûleur(s) de chaudière ;
- d'autre part, il est plus respectueux de l'environnement, car il incorpore de l'huile végétale, laquelle ne renferme pas de soufre et réduit donc l'émission de SO2 dans les fumées ;
- enfin, il est compatible au stockage en présence des autres hydrocarbures de type fuel oil domestique ou équivalent.
- 10% à 20% de paraffines,
- 5% à 20% d'oléfines,
- 0% à 5% de naphtènes,
- 25% à 80% d'aromatiques.
- entre 5 et 50 % d'huile végétale,
- entre 5 et 50 % d'une coupe pétrolière riche en composés aromatiques provenant d'une conversion non hydrogénante, et
- le complément à 100 % d'un hydrocarbure de type fioul, dont 65 % en volume distille au-dessous de 250°C et 85 % en volume au-dessous de 350°C.
- environ 30% d'huile de colza,
- environ 30% d'une coupe pétrolière, riche en composés aromatiques de craquage catalytique, et
- le complément à 100% de produit répondant aux spécifications intersyndicales d'un FOD ou d'un équivalent.
- la viscosité, qui permet d'assurer la qualité au démarrage et au cours de la combustion (les injecteurs à pulvérisation mécanique présents sur les brûleurs classiques nécessitent une viscosité inférieure à 7,5.10-6 m2/s) ;
- le point d'écoulement et le point de trouble, qui déterminent l'opérabilité à froid d'un combustible ;
- le point d'éclair, qui est relatif aux impératifs de
securité d'utilisation d'un combustible.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Spécifications intersyndicales du FOD HC (% en volume) 30 30 30 40 5 5 10 ELCC (% en volume) 30 60 15 40 2,5 10 4 HC/ELCC 1 0,5 2 1 2 0,5 2,5 FOD (% en volume) 40 10 55 20 92,5 85 86 Viscosité à 20°C (mm2/sec) 7,1 <6 >9 7,4 6 5,5 >8 <7,5 Point d'écoulement (°C) -12 <-12 <-9 -18 <-9 <-9 <-9 <-9 Point d'éclair Luchaire (°C) 66 60 70 64 74 72 73 55<x<120 Point de trouble (°C) -8 <-8 <+2 <-10 <2 <2 <2 <+2
Claims (15)
- Combustible à base d'huile végétale, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient, entre 100% et 1% en volume d'une composition de base comprenantau plus 50 % en volume d'au moins une huile végétale, etau moins une coupe pétrolière riche en composés aromatiques de type essence lourde, provenant d'une conversion non hydrogénante,
- Combustible selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'huile végétale est choisie dans le groupe comprenant l'huile de tournesol, l'huile de palme, l'huile de coprah, l'huile de soja, l'huile de colza et leurs mélanges, et est de préférence l'huile de colza.
- Combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la composition de base comprend entre 5% et 50%, et de préférence entre 20% et 30% d'huile végétale.
- Combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la coupe pétrolière riche en composés aromatiques de type essence lourde est choisie dans le groupe comprenant l'essence issue de reformage catalytique, l'essence de vapocraquage, l'essence de pyrolyse et l'essence issue de craquage catalytique, et est de préférence de l'essence issue de craquage catalytique, ou un mélange de l'une ou l'autre de ces essences.
- Combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la coupe pétrolière riche en composés aromatiques de type essence lourde a un intervalle de distillation compris entre 140°C et 240°C à la pression atmosphérique.
- Combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la coupe pétrolière riche en composés aromatiques de type essence lourde a une viscosité d'une valeur choisie entre 1,1 et 1,5 10-6m2s-1 à 20°C.
- Combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la coupe pétrolière riche en composés aromatiques de type essence lourde comprend, en volume, au moins 25% de composés aromatiques.
- Combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la composition de base comprend au moins une coupe pétrolière ayant un intervalle de distillation compris substantiellement entre 240°C et 380°C.
- Combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la coupe pétrolière riche en composés aromatiques de type essence lourde provenant de craquage catalytique comprend des composés monoaromatiques et des composés diaromatiques présents dans un rapport volumique d'une valeur choisie de préférence entre 8 et 12.
- Combustible selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la coupe pétrolière riche en composés aromatiques de type essence lourde provenant de craquage catalytique comprend, en % en volume,10% à 20% de paraffines,5% à 20% d'oléfines,0% à 5% de naphtènes, et25% à 80% d'aromatiques.
- Combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la composition de base comprend, en % en volume,entre 5 et 50 % d'huile végétale,entre 5 et 50 % d'une coupe pétrolière riche en aromatique de type essence lourde provenant d'une conversion non hydrogénante, etle complément à 100 % d'un hydrocarbure du type fioul domestique ou équivalent.
- Combustible selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'hydrocarbure du type fioul domestique distille à 65 % en volume au-dessous de 250°C et à 85% en volume au-dessous de 350°C.
- Combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le rapport volumique entre les composés monoaromatiques et les composés diaromatiques de la composition de base qu'il renferme a une valeur choisie entre 2 et 6,5, de préférence entre 3 et 4.
- Combustible comprenant, en % en volume,environ 30% d'huile de colza,environ 30% d'essence aromatique de craquage catalytique, etenviron 40% de produit répondant aux spécifications intersyndicales d'un fuel oil domestique ou d'un équivalent.
- Utilisation dans une chaudière fonctionnant au fioul domestique d'un combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, sans modification de cette chaudière.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9415041 | 1994-12-14 | ||
FR9415041A FR2728267B1 (fr) | 1994-12-14 | 1994-12-14 | Nouveau combustible a base d'huile vegetale et d'une coupe petroliere riche en composes aromatiques |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0717097A1 EP0717097A1 (fr) | 1996-06-19 |
EP0717097B1 true EP0717097B1 (fr) | 2000-01-19 |
Family
ID=9469793
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95402747A Expired - Lifetime EP0717097B1 (fr) | 1994-12-14 | 1995-12-06 | Combustible à base d'huile végétale, et d'une coupe pétrolière riche en composé aromatiques |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0717097B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE188987T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69514631T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0717097T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2143607T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2728267B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2750141B1 (fr) * | 1996-06-19 | 2004-04-30 | Total Raffinage Distribution | Combustible pour chaudieres a base d'huile vegetale et a basse teneur en soufre |
ES2207415B1 (es) * | 2002-11-13 | 2005-10-01 | Angel L. Samper Montes | Biocombustible versatil utilizable en cualquier tipo de motor de combustion interna o quemador convencional. |
IT1396939B1 (it) | 2009-12-09 | 2012-12-20 | Eni Spa | Composizione idrocarburica utile come carburante o combustibile |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2292033A1 (fr) * | 1974-11-22 | 1976-06-18 | Puget Marcel | Nouveau carburant et procede pour sa preparation |
DE4116905C1 (fr) * | 1991-05-23 | 1992-08-13 | Tessol Kraftstoffe, Mineraloele Und Tankanlagen Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De | |
DE4333418C1 (de) * | 1993-09-30 | 1994-10-13 | Tessol Kraftstoffe Mineraloele | Treibstoffgemisch |
-
1994
- 1994-12-14 FR FR9415041A patent/FR2728267B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-12-06 AT AT95402747T patent/ATE188987T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-06 DE DE69514631T patent/DE69514631T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-06 DK DK95402747T patent/DK0717097T3/da active
- 1995-12-06 ES ES95402747T patent/ES2143607T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-06 EP EP95402747A patent/EP0717097B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE188987T1 (de) | 2000-02-15 |
ES2143607T3 (es) | 2000-05-16 |
EP0717097A1 (fr) | 1996-06-19 |
DK0717097T3 (da) | 2000-06-26 |
FR2728267B1 (fr) | 1997-03-14 |
DE69514631D1 (de) | 2000-02-24 |
DE69514631T2 (de) | 2000-08-10 |
FR2728267A1 (fr) | 1996-06-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2280217A (en) | Super-diesel fuel | |
FR2520376A1 (fr) | Additif pour carburants et combustibles liquides hydrocarbones | |
CA2765245C (fr) | Terpolymere ethylene/acetate de vinyle/esters insatures comme additif ameliorant la tenue a froid des hydrocarbures liquides comme les distillats moyens et les carburants ou combustibles | |
FR2925916A1 (fr) | Terpolymere ethylene/acetate de vinyle/esters insatures comme additif ameliorant la tenue a froid des hydrocarbures liquides comme les distillats moyens et les carburants ou combustibles | |
EP0816476B1 (fr) | Conbustible pour chaudières conventionnelles à base d'huile végétale et à très basse teneur en soufre | |
EP0717097B1 (fr) | Combustible à base d'huile végétale, et d'une coupe pétrolière riche en composé aromatiques | |
FR2842820A1 (fr) | Combustible emulsionne eau/hydrocarbures, sa preparation et ses utilisations | |
EP2147966B1 (fr) | Additif pour combustible liquide, combustible liquide le contenant et son utilisation pour les appareils de production d'énergie et/ou de chauffage et/ou de cuisson | |
US7201837B2 (en) | Energy source using hydrogenated vegetable oil diluted into diesel fuel | |
US20160257896A1 (en) | Compositions for use in internal-combustion engines and methods of forming and using such compositions | |
US20150034035A1 (en) | Ethanol-based fuel and use thereof | |
Malinowski et al. | An analysis of physico-chemical properties of the next generation biofuels and their correlation with the requirements of diesel engine | |
RU2074232C1 (ru) | Способ получения маловязкого судового топлива | |
JP2017510700A (ja) | 改良した着火特性を有するジーゼル燃料 | |
WO2023036988A1 (fr) | Composition renouvelable de carbureacteur | |
US20210380895A1 (en) | Compositions for Use in Internal-Combustion Engines and Methods of Forming and Using Such Compositions | |
RU2788009C2 (ru) | Дизельное топливо с улучшенными характеристиками воспламенения | |
Zahran et al. | Physicochemical Characteristics And Fuel Performance Of (Castor-Linseed Biofuel)-Petroleum Fuel Mixture | |
Dunn | Other alternative diesel fuels from vegetable oils and animal fats | |
GB2445355A (en) | Fuel and method of production thereof | |
GB2227751A (en) | Fuel compositions containing peresters | |
FR2500844A1 (fr) | Additifs permettant l'incorporation d'alcools aux carburants et compositions carburantes renfermant lesdits additifs | |
CN109554202A (zh) | 一种乙醇汽油添加剂及其制备的乙醇汽油 | |
CZ3712U1 (cs) | Ekologické palivo pro vznětové motory | |
WO1979000029A1 (fr) | Carburant pour moteurs a combustion interne a piston et a injection |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE DE DK ES GB IE IT LU NL PT SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19961023 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19980922 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: FUEL BASED ON VEGETABLE OIL AND AN AROMATIC-RICH FRACTION |
|
RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: FUEL BASED ON VEGETABLE OIL AND AN AROMATIC-RICH FRACTION |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE DE DK ES GB IE IT LU NL PT SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 188987 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 20000215 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69514631 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20000224 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: FRENCH |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: SAMA PATENTS |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20000419 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20000404 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2143607 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20091214 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20091222 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: IE Payment date: 20091221 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20091222 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: DK Payment date: 20091214 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20091217 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20091222 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20091218 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20091218 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20091222 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20100212 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: S.A. *TOTAL RAFFINAGE DISTRIBUTION Effective date: 20101231 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: V1 Effective date: 20110701 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EBP |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20101206 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101206 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: EUG |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101207 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101231 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101206 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 69514631 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20110701 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110701 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101206 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110701 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101206 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20120206 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101207 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101206 |