EP0714715A1 - Means for supporting a side wall for a continuous casting plant for casting strips between rolls - Google Patents

Means for supporting a side wall for a continuous casting plant for casting strips between rolls Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0714715A1
EP0714715A1 EP95402329A EP95402329A EP0714715A1 EP 0714715 A1 EP0714715 A1 EP 0714715A1 EP 95402329 A EP95402329 A EP 95402329A EP 95402329 A EP95402329 A EP 95402329A EP 0714715 A1 EP0714715 A1 EP 0714715A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinders
pads
plate
face
casting
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Granted
Application number
EP95402329A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0714715B1 (en
Inventor
Hugues Legrand
Pierre Delassus
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Thyssen Stahl AG
USINOR SA
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Thyssen Stahl AG
USINOR Sacilor SA
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Publication of EP0714715A1 publication Critical patent/EP0714715A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
    • B22D11/0648—Casting surfaces
    • B22D11/066—Side dams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the continuous casting of metals. More specifically, it relates to devices for the lateral confinement of liquid metal in the ingot molds of machines for the continuous casting of thin strips, the casting space of which is limited by the close side surfaces of two cylinders with horizontal axes, energetically cooled internally and placed rotating in opposite directions.
  • French patent application FR9408319 brings an improvement to this operating mode and to those which would derive therefrom by providing means making it possible to slightly deform the lateral faces by modulating the pressure applied to their different zones.
  • temporary or permanent inequalities are taken into account in the forces exerted on the different parts of the lateral faces by the cylinders.
  • Such inequalities can occur, for example, in the event of parasitic solidification of infiltrated metal between the lateral face and a cylinder, or when the two faces of the cylinders against which the lateral face is applied are not perfectly coplanar and orthogonal to the axes of the axes. cylinders.
  • the object of the invention is to provide the operator with the means of imposing on the lateral face a controlled wear which would not be greater than what would be strictly necessary for the smooth running of the casting.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for supporting a lateral face of a continuous casting installation between cylinders of thin metallic products of the type comprising two cooled cylinders with horizontal axes, two lateral faces applied against the edges of the cylinders, said support device comprising a carriage which can be moved on command in a direction parallel to the axes of the cylinders, a pushing device carried by said carriage, and a plate connected to said pushing device and secured to the side face, characterized in that said plate comprises at least two pads movable on control in a direction parallel to the axes of the cylinders by devices which can apply each of said pads against an edge of one of the cylinders.
  • the invention consists in equipping the means for supporting the lateral faces with at least two friction pads which can be moved at the command and which can each rest on one of the cylinders. These pads make it possible to precisely regulate the loss of material by wear of the lateral face to a very low value when the contact surfaces between the lateral face and the edges of the cylinders are perfectly regular.
  • the front face of each skate is kept permanently aligned with the front face of the lateral face, or very slightly set back from the latter. If the pads are aligned on the lateral face, it is they which assume the friction force between the cylinders and the lateral face, the friction wear of which becomes theoretically zero.
  • Figure 1 shows a side of a casting machine between two close cylinders 1, 1 'with horizontal axes rotated and internally cooled, of which only one of the cylinders 1 is visible.
  • the other side of the machine is similarly equipped.
  • the casting space defined by the two cylinders 1, 1 ' is closed laterally by a lateral face 2 of refractory material, the front face of which is applied against the edges 3 of the cylinders 1, 1'.
  • the side face 2 is fixed on a plate 4 which is made of a material such as a metallic material. This plate 4 is preferably cooled to prevent it from being affected by deformations of purely thermal origin.
  • the displacements and the pressing force on the cylinders 1, 1 ′ of the lateral face 2 are controlled by an assembly which acts on the plate 4 and which will be described in more detail.
  • it comprises a carriage 5 movable for control in a direction parallel to the axes of cylinders 1, 1 '.
  • a device thrust 6 such as a jack, comprising a rod 7 movable on control, always in the same direction parallel to the axes of the cylinders 1, 1 '.
  • this rod 7 acts directly on the plate 4, and its position, combined with that of the carriage 5, makes it possible to adjust the bearing force exerted by the lateral face 2 on the cylinders 1 , 1 '.
  • the rod 7 attacks a thrust plate 8, itself connected to the plate 4 by an assembly thrust members, 9, 9 ', 9 ", 9"' such as springs or actuated jacks.
  • assembly thrust members 9, 9 ', 9 ", 9"' such as springs or actuated jacks.
  • These organs are distributed over an area whose shape corresponds to that of the lateral face 2.
  • Their function is to allow a slight retreat of a portion of the lateral face 2 when a parasitic solidification is interposed between it and the 'one of the cylinders 1, 1', without however affecting the contact conditions between the remainder of the side face 2 and the cylinders.
  • the plate 4 supporting the side face 2 carries four pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"'.
  • These pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' are each equipped with a device 11, 11 'which can move them on command, gradually or jerky, to give them the possibility of either coming to bear. on any part of the edge 3 of one of the cylinders 1, 1 ', or to move away from this cylinder.
  • Figure 2 there is shown in phantom the trace of the peripheries of the cylinders 1, 1 ', in order to locate the locations of the pads 10, 10', 10 ", 10"'relative to the cylinders 1, 1' and the side face 2.
  • the pads 10, 10 " are located in the upper part of the plate 4 and can bear on the edges of the edges 3 of the cylinders 1, 1 'just above the side face 2.
  • the pads 10 ', 10 "' are located in the lower part of the plate 4 and bear on the cylinders 1, 1 'next to the side face 2 and near the neck 12, that is to say the area where the gap between the cylinders 1, 1 ′ is the smallest. It is understood that the locations of the pads 10, 10 ', 10 " , 10"' as they are described and shown are only examples of implementation of the invention. Other locations could be envisaged, and their choice depends in particular on the configuration of the plate 4.
  • the devices for moving the pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10”' can be constituted by any electric or hydraulic actuators, for example cylinders, screws, rack and pinion devices, etc.
  • These pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' can, as shown, have a planar contact surface with the edges 3 of the cylinders 1, 1 '.
  • they also preferably comprise means not shown ensuring the lubrication of this contact surface, for example by injecting oil or a powder of a solid lubricant such as boron nitride. This limits wear and tear on the cylinders 1, 1 'as well as the pads 10, 10', 10 ", 10"'.
  • these pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' may be constituted by a roller or a roller, in which case it is no longer useful to provide a lubrication device.
  • these variants have the advantage, compared to the pads having a planar contact surface with the cylinder 1, 1 ′, of being less sensitive to the dirt which may be present on the edges 3 of cylinders 1, 1 ', thanks to their reduced contact surface.
  • each plate 4 it is also possible to equip each plate 4 only with two pads, each rubbing on a different cylinder 1, 1 ′, and preferably arranged in the vicinity of the upper part of the lateral face 4, for example at the location pads 10, 10 "of FIG. 2.
  • the casting is then started after possibly reducing the bearing force of the lateral face on the cylinders 1, 1 '.
  • either the pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' are left fixed if there is no wear on the side face 2, or they are made to move back continuously or jerky at a controlled average speed, for example of the order of 2 to 10 mm / hour.
  • This progressive recoil makes it possible to renew the contact surface between the lateral face 2 and the cylinders 1, 1 ', while maintaining the wear of the side face 2 at a moderate value, for example close to that of the central part of the side face 2 which is in contact with the liquid metal and which, from this done, undergoes essentially chemical erosion. Thanks to the invention, moderate wear on the side face 2 is controlled with much better precision than could be done using only the jack 6.
  • the lubrication systems of the pads 10, 10 "contribute to the lubrication of the interfaces between the cylinders 1, 1 'and the side face 2, because the edges of the cylinders 1, 1' against which they are supported go , immediately afterwards, come into contact with the side face 2. This is favorable to a reduction in the wear of the side face 2.
  • Another variant of the invention consists in using pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' (or at least some of them) made of a self-lubricating material, such as boron nitride.
  • a self-lubricating material such as boron nitride.
  • the invention is, moreover, perfectly compatible with the use of lateral faces 2 to which, as is known, an oscillation movement would be imparted in the plane of the flat faces of the cylinders 1, 1 '.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Rollers For Roller Conveyors For Transfer (AREA)
  • Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)

Abstract

The support consists of a carriage (5) movable parallel to the axes of the cylinders (1) carrying a thrust member (6) which interacts with the end of a cylinder via a plate (4) and ≥ 2 feet (10, 10') engaging with the cylinder's edge. The plate (4) is connected to the thrust member by means of a thrust plate (8) and thrust elements (9, 9', 9'') distributed over an area corresp. to that of the cylinder's end face. The feet (10, 10') are actuated by power cylinders (11) or screw or rack mechanisms, and the feet have lubricated or self-lubricating faces to interact with the cylinder.

Description

L'invention concerne la coulée continue des métaux. Plus précisément, elle concerne les dispositifs de confinement latéral du métal liquide dans les lingotières des machines de coulée continue de bandes minces, dont l'espace de coulée est limité par les surfaces latérales rapprochées de deux cylindres à axes horizontaux, énergiquement refroidis intérieurement et mis en rotation en sens contraires.The invention relates to the continuous casting of metals. More specifically, it relates to devices for the lateral confinement of liquid metal in the ingot molds of machines for the continuous casting of thin strips, the casting space of which is limited by the close side surfaces of two cylinders with horizontal axes, energetically cooled internally and placed rotating in opposite directions.

Sur ce type de machine de coulée continue, dit "coulée entre cylindres", dont l'application industrielle à la coulée de bandes d'acier d'environ 2 à 10 mm d'épaisseur est actuellement en cours, le confinement latéral du métal liquide dans l'espace de coulée défini par les cylindres est assuré par des plaques qui sont appliquées contre les extrémités planes des cylindres, appelées "chants", par un dispositif approprié. Ces plaques sont habituellement désignées par les termes "faces latérales" ou "petites faces". Leur partie centrale destinée à être au contact du métal liquide est en matériau réfractaire, de même, en général, que leur périphérie qui frotte contre les cylindres en s'usant progressivement. Il est indispensable qu'elles soient en contact aussi étanche que possible avec les cylindres, car des infiltrations de métal liquide dans leur zone de contact auraient des effets désastreux sur la qualité des rives de la bande coulée. Celles-ci prendraient une forme dentelée, et seraient excessivement fragiles. Elles risqueraient alors de se séparer du reste de la bande et de rester collées aux cylindres. Si ce collage persistait pendant un tour complet des cylindres et si les lambeaux de rives pénétraient donc dans l'espace de coulée, cela pourrait donner lieu à de graves détériorations des surfaces des cylindres. Au pire, ces infiltrations de métal pourraient parvenir jusqu'à l'extérieur de la machine, ce qui imposerait l'arrêt immédiat de la coulée.On this type of continuous casting machine, known as "casting between cylinders", whose industrial application to the casting of steel strips about 2 to 10 mm thick is currently in progress, the lateral confinement of the liquid metal in the casting space defined by the cylinders is provided by plates which are applied against the flat ends of the cylinders, called "edges", by an appropriate device. These plates are usually designated by the terms "side faces" or "small faces". Their central part intended to be in contact with liquid metal is made of refractory material, as well, in general, as their periphery which rubs against the cylinders while gradually wearing out. It is essential that they are in as tight contact as possible with the cylinders, because infiltration of liquid metal in their contact zone would have disastrous effects on the quality of the edges of the cast strip. These would take a jagged shape, and would be excessively fragile. They could then separate from the rest of the strip and remain stuck to the cylinders. If this sticking persists for a complete revolution of the cylinders and the shreds of the edges therefore penetrate into the casting space, this could give rise to serious deterioration of the surfaces of the cylinders. At worst, these metal infiltrations could reach the outside of the machine, which would require the immediate stopping of the casting.

De tels défauts d'étanchéité peuvent avoir des causes multiples, parmi lesquelles on peut citer:

  • les déformations des cylindres et des faces latérales, dues aux sollicitations mécaniques et thermiques qu'ils subissent, en particulier au tout début de la coulée lors de leur mise en régime thermique;
  • l'usure progressive des faces latérales ou des cylindres, qui n'est pas toujours uniforme sur l'ensemble de leurs zones de contact;
  • l'usure instantanée des faces latérales provoquée par le passage d'une infiltration de métal solidifié.
Such leaks can have multiple causes, including:
  • the deformations of the cylinders and of the lateral faces, due to the mechanical and thermal stresses which they undergo, in particular at the very beginning of the casting when they are brought into thermal regime;
  • progressive wear of the lateral faces or of the cylinders, which is not always uniform over all of their contact zones;
  • the instantaneous wear of the lateral faces caused by the passage of an infiltration of solidified metal.

Il a déjà été proposé de résoudre ces problèmes d'étanchéité en provoquant une usure contrôlée des faces latérales par un frottement maîtrisé de celles-ci contre les cylindres. On régénère ainsi en permanence les surfaces de contact des faces latérales, en les adaptant au mieux aux éventuelles évolutions de la forme des parties des cylindres sur lesquelles elles s'appuient. On peut citer, à cet égard, le document EP-A-546206. Il enseigne de presser tout d'abord fortement les faces latérales contre les cylindres en rotation avant le début de la coulée, afin de leur faire épouser la configuration initiale exacte des chants des cylindres. Ensuite on relâche un peu cette pression, puis on démarre la coulée en remettant temporairement une forte pression sur les faces latérales, de manière à créer délibérément une usure qui conforme les faces latérales aux chants des cylindres. En cours de coulée, on continue à appliquer les faces latérales contre les cylindres, en compensant leur usure par un déplacement à une vitesse modérée prédéterminée. On provoque ainsi une usure maîtrisée assurant le renouvellement permanent des surfaces de contact entre les faces latérales et les cylindres.It has already been proposed to solve these sealing problems by causing controlled wear of the side faces by controlled friction of these against the cylinders. The contact surfaces of the lateral faces are thus constantly regenerated, adapting them as best as possible to any changes in the shape of the parts of the cylinders on which they are based. Mention may be made, in this regard, of document EP-A-546206. He teaches to first strongly press the side faces against the rotating cylinders before the start of casting, in order to make them match the exact initial configuration of the edges of the cylinders. Then we release this pressure a little, then we start the casting by temporarily putting a strong pressure on the side faces, so as to deliberately create wear which conforms the side faces to the edges of the cylinders. During casting, the lateral faces are continued to be applied against the rolls, compensating for their wear by displacement at a predetermined moderate speed. This causes controlled wear ensuring permanent renewal of the contact surfaces between the side faces and the cylinders.

La demande de brevet français FR9408319 apporte une amélioration à ce mode opératoire et à ceux qui en dériveraient en prévoyant des moyens permettant de déformer légèrement les faces latérales en modulant la pression appliquée sur leurs différentes zones. Ainsi, on tient compte des inégalités temporaires ou permanentes dans les efforts exercés sur les différentes parties des faces latérales par les cylindres. De telles inégalités peuvent se produire, par exemple, en cas de solidification parasite de métal infiltré entre la face latérale et un cylindre, ou lorsque les deux faces des cylindres contre lesquelles est appliquée la face latérale ne sont pas parfaitement coplanaires et orthogonales aux axes des cylindres.French patent application FR9408319 brings an improvement to this operating mode and to those which would derive therefrom by providing means making it possible to slightly deform the lateral faces by modulating the pressure applied to their different zones. Thus, temporary or permanent inequalities are taken into account in the forces exerted on the different parts of the lateral faces by the cylinders. Such inequalities can occur, for example, in the event of parasitic solidification of infiltrated metal between the lateral face and a cylinder, or when the two faces of the cylinders against which the lateral face is applied are not perfectly coplanar and orthogonal to the axes of the axes. cylinders.

Ces modes opératoires ont cependant l'inconvénient d'imposer à chaque face latérale une usure par frottement qui est, certes, mesurable par l'intermédiaire de la vitesse d'avancement, mais qui n'est pas contrôlable. Elle peut s'avérer inutilement importante dans le cas où la coulée se déroule sans incident particulier.However, these operating methods have the disadvantage of imposing on each lateral face a wear by friction which is certainly measurable by means of the forward speed, but which is not controllable. It can prove to be unnecessarily important in the case where the casting takes place without any particular incident.

Le but de l'invention est de procurer à l'opérateur les moyens d'imposer à la face latérale une usure contrôlée qui ne serait pas supérieure à ce qui serait strictement nécessaire au bon déroulement de la coulée.The object of the invention is to provide the operator with the means of imposing on the lateral face a controlled wear which would not be greater than what would be strictly necessary for the smooth running of the casting.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de support d'une face latérale d'une installation de coulée continue entre cylindres de produits métalliques minces du type comportant deux cylindres refroidis à axes horizontaux, deux faces latérales appliquées contre les chants des cylindres, ledit dispositif de support comportant un chariot déplaçable à la commande selon une direction parallèle aux axes des cylindres, un dispositif de poussée porté par ledit chariot, et une platine reliée audit dispositif de poussée et solidaire de la face latérale, caractérisé en ce que ladite platine comporte au moins deux patins déplaçables à la commande selon une direction parallèle aux axes des cylindres par des dispositifs pouvant appliquer chacun desdits patins contre un chant d'un des cylindres.To this end, the subject of the invention is a device for supporting a lateral face of a continuous casting installation between cylinders of thin metallic products of the type comprising two cooled cylinders with horizontal axes, two lateral faces applied against the edges of the cylinders, said support device comprising a carriage which can be moved on command in a direction parallel to the axes of the cylinders, a pushing device carried by said carriage, and a plate connected to said pushing device and secured to the side face, characterized in that said plate comprises at least two pads movable on control in a direction parallel to the axes of the cylinders by devices which can apply each of said pads against an edge of one of the cylinders.

Comme on l'aura compris,l'invention consiste à équiper les moyens de support des faces latérales d'au moins deux patins de frottement déplaçables à la commande pouvant s'appuyer chacun sur l'un des cylindres. Ces patins permettent de réguler précisément la perte de matière par usure de la face latérale à une valeur très faible lorsque les surfaces de contact entre la face latérale et les bords des cylindres sont parfaitement régulières. Pendant la coulée, on vise normalement à ce que la face avant de chaque patin soit maintenue en permanence alignée avec la face avant de la face latérale, ou très légèrement en retrait de celle-ci. Si les patins sont alignés sur la face latérale, ce sont eux qui assument l'effort de frottement entre les cylindres et la face latérale, dont l'usure par frottement devient théoriquement nulle. S'ils sont placés légèrement en retrait de la face latérale, c'est uniquement celle-ci qui va frotter contre les cylindres. Elle va donc s'user, jusqu'à ce que cette usure soit suffisamment prononcée pour que la face avant de la face latérale devienne alignée avec celles des patins. On se retrouve alors dans le cas précédent, et l'usure est interrompue jusqu'à ce que les patins soient à nouveau placés en retrait de la face latérale. Ce retrait peut être effectué de manière continue, avec une vitesse de déplacement des patins égale à la vitesse d'usure que l'on désire imposer à la face latérale, ou bien de manière discontinue, auquel cas c'est leur vitesse de déplacement moyenne calculée sur un intervalle de temps donné qui doit être maintenue égale à la vitesse d'usure désirée.As will have been understood, the invention consists in equipping the means for supporting the lateral faces with at least two friction pads which can be moved at the command and which can each rest on one of the cylinders. These pads make it possible to precisely regulate the loss of material by wear of the lateral face to a very low value when the contact surfaces between the lateral face and the edges of the cylinders are perfectly regular. During casting, it is normally intended that the front face of each skate is kept permanently aligned with the front face of the lateral face, or very slightly set back from the latter. If the pads are aligned on the lateral face, it is they which assume the friction force between the cylinders and the lateral face, the friction wear of which becomes theoretically zero. If they are placed slightly behind the side face, it is only the latter which will rub against the cylinders. It will therefore wear out, until this wear is sufficiently pronounced so that the front face of the lateral face becomes aligned with those of the pads. We then find ourselves in the previous case, and wear is interrupted until the pads are again set back from the side face. This removal can be carried out continuously, with a speed of movement of the pads equal to the speed of wear which it is desired to impose on the lateral face, or else discontinuously, in which case it is their average speed of movement calculated over a given time interval which must be kept equal to the desired wear speed.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit, donnée en référence aux figures suivantes:

  • la figure 1 qui montre schématiquement vus de profil un dispositif selon l'invention et l'un des cylindres de coulée contre lesquels l'une des faces latérales de la machine de coulée entre cylindres est appliquée;
  • la figure 2 qui schématise la face avant d'une face latérale dont le support est conforme à l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given with reference to the following figures:
  • Figure 1 which schematically shows in profile a device according to the invention and one of the casting rolls against which one of the side faces of the casting machine between rolls is applied;
  • Figure 2 which shows schematically the front face of a side face whose support is according to the invention.

La figure 1 représente un côté d'une machine de coulée entre deux cylindres rapprochés 1, 1' à axes horizontaux mis en rotation et refroidis intérieurement, dont seul un des cylindres 1 est visible. L'autre côté de la machine est équipé de manière similaire. L'espace de coulée défini par les deux cylindres 1, 1' est obturé latéralement par une face latérale 2 en matériau réfractaire dont la face avant est appliquée contre les chants 3 des cylindres 1, 1'. La face latérale 2 est fixée sur une platine 4 qui est en un matériau tel qu'un matériau métallique. Cette platine 4 est de préférence refroidie pour éviter qu'elle ne soit affectée par des déformations d'origine purement thermique.Figure 1 shows a side of a casting machine between two close cylinders 1, 1 'with horizontal axes rotated and internally cooled, of which only one of the cylinders 1 is visible. The other side of the machine is similarly equipped. The casting space defined by the two cylinders 1, 1 'is closed laterally by a lateral face 2 of refractory material, the front face of which is applied against the edges 3 of the cylinders 1, 1'. The side face 2 is fixed on a plate 4 which is made of a material such as a metallic material. This plate 4 is preferably cooled to prevent it from being affected by deformations of purely thermal origin.

Les déplacements et la force d'appui sur les cylindres 1, 1' de la face latérale 2 sont commandés par un ensemble qui agit sur la platine 4 et qui va être décrit plus en détail. De manière connue, il comprend un chariot 5 mobile à la commande selon une direction parallèle aux axes de cylindres 1, 1'. Sur ce chariot 5 est monté un dispositif de poussée 6 tel qu'un vérin, comportant une tige 7 déplaçable à la commande, toujours selon la même direction parallèle aux axes des cylindres 1, 1'. Dans une version simplifiée non représentée de l'invention, cette tige 7 agit directement sur la platine 4, et sa position, conjuguée à celle du chariot 5, permet de régler la force d'appui exercée par la face latérale 2 sur les cylindres 1, 1'. Dans la version la plus élaborée de l'invention, qui reprend le dispositif faisant l'objet de la demande de brevet français FR9408319 déjà citée, la tige 7 attaque une plaque de poussée 8, elle-même reliée à la platine 4 par un ensemble d'organes de poussée, 9, 9', 9", 9"' tels que des ressorts ou des vérins pilotés. Ces organes sont répartis sur une zone dont la forme correspond à celle de la face latérale 2. Ils ont pour fonction d'autoriser un léger recul d'une portion de la face latérale 2 lorsqu'une solidification parasite s'interpose entre elle et l'un des cylindres 1, 1', sans pour autant que les conditions de contact entre le restant de la face latérale 2 et les cylindres en soient affectées. On se reportera au texte de la demande française précitée pour plus de détails.The displacements and the pressing force on the cylinders 1, 1 ′ of the lateral face 2 are controlled by an assembly which acts on the plate 4 and which will be described in more detail. In known manner, it comprises a carriage 5 movable for control in a direction parallel to the axes of cylinders 1, 1 '. On this carriage 5 is mounted a device thrust 6 such as a jack, comprising a rod 7 movable on control, always in the same direction parallel to the axes of the cylinders 1, 1 '. In a simplified version not shown of the invention, this rod 7 acts directly on the plate 4, and its position, combined with that of the carriage 5, makes it possible to adjust the bearing force exerted by the lateral face 2 on the cylinders 1 , 1 '. In the most elaborate version of the invention, which incorporates the device which is the subject of the French patent application FR9408319 already cited, the rod 7 attacks a thrust plate 8, itself connected to the plate 4 by an assembly thrust members, 9, 9 ', 9 ", 9"' such as springs or actuated jacks. These organs are distributed over an area whose shape corresponds to that of the lateral face 2. Their function is to allow a slight retreat of a portion of the lateral face 2 when a parasitic solidification is interposed between it and the 'one of the cylinders 1, 1', without however affecting the contact conditions between the remainder of the side face 2 and the cylinders. Reference is made to the text of the aforementioned French request for more details.

Selon l'invention, dans l'exemple représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, la platine 4 supportant la face latérale 2 porte quatre patins 10, 10', 10", 10"'. Ces patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' sont chacun équipés d'un dispositif 11, 11' qui peut les déplacer à la commande, de manière progressive ou saccadée, pour leur donner la possibilité soit de venir se mettre en appui sur une partie quelconque du chant 3 de l'un des cylindres 1, 1', soit de s'éloigner de ce cylindre. Sur la figure 2, on a représenté en trait mixte la trace des périphéries des cylindres 1, 1', afin de situer les emplacements des patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' par rapport aux cylindres 1, 1' et à la face latérale 2. Les patins 10, 10" sont implantés dans la partie supérieure de la platine 4 et peuvent prendre appui sur les bords des chants 3 des cylindres 1, 1' juste au-dessus de la face latérale 2. Les patins 10', 10"' sont implantés dans la partie inférieure de la platine 4 et prennent appui sur les cylindres 1, 1' à côté de la face latérale 2 et à proximité du col 12, c'est à dire de la zone où l'écart entre les cylindres 1, 1' est le plus faible. Il est bien entendu que les emplacements des patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' tels qu'ils sont décrits et représentés ne constituent que des exemples de mise en oeuvre de l'invention. D'autres emplacements seraient envisageables, et leur choix dépend notamment de la configuration de la platine 4. Les dispositifs de déplacement des patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' peuvent être constitués par tous actionneurs électriques ou hydrauliques, par exemple des vérins, des vis, des dispositifs à crémaillère, etc... Ces patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' peuvent, comme représenté, avoir une surface de contact plane avec les chants 3 des cylindres 1, 1'. Dans ce cas, ils comportent également de préférence des moyens non représentés assurant la lubrification de cette surface de contact, par exemple par injection d'huile ou d'une poudre d'un lubrifiant solide tel que du nitrure de bore. On limite ainsi l'usure par frottement aussi bien des cylindres 1, 1' que des patins 10, 10', 10", 10"'. En variante, ces patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' peuvent être constitués par un galet ou une roulette, auquel cas il n'est plus utile de prévoir un dispositif de lubrification. Outre leur moindre sensibilité aux phénomènes d'usure par frottement, ces variantes présent l'avantage, par rapport aux patins présentant une surface de contact plane avec le cylindre 1, 1', d'être moins sensibles aux salissures qui peuvent être présentes sur les chants 3 des cylindres 1, 1', grâce à leur surface de contact réduite.According to the invention, in the example shown in Figures 1 and 2, the plate 4 supporting the side face 2 carries four pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"'. These pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' are each equipped with a device 11, 11 'which can move them on command, gradually or jerky, to give them the possibility of either coming to bear. on any part of the edge 3 of one of the cylinders 1, 1 ', or to move away from this cylinder. In Figure 2, there is shown in phantom the trace of the peripheries of the cylinders 1, 1 ', in order to locate the locations of the pads 10, 10', 10 ", 10"'relative to the cylinders 1, 1' and the side face 2. The pads 10, 10 "are located in the upper part of the plate 4 and can bear on the edges of the edges 3 of the cylinders 1, 1 'just above the side face 2. The pads 10 ', 10 "' are located in the lower part of the plate 4 and bear on the cylinders 1, 1 'next to the side face 2 and near the neck 12, that is to say the area where the gap between the cylinders 1, 1 ′ is the smallest. It is understood that the locations of the pads 10, 10 ', 10 " , 10"' as they are described and shown are only examples of implementation of the invention. Other locations could be envisaged, and their choice depends in particular on the configuration of the plate 4. The devices for moving the pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' can be constituted by any electric or hydraulic actuators, for example cylinders, screws, rack and pinion devices, etc. These pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' can, as shown, have a planar contact surface with the edges 3 of the cylinders 1, 1 '. In this case, they also preferably comprise means not shown ensuring the lubrication of this contact surface, for example by injecting oil or a powder of a solid lubricant such as boron nitride. This limits wear and tear on the cylinders 1, 1 'as well as the pads 10, 10', 10 ", 10"'. Alternatively, these pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' may be constituted by a roller or a roller, in which case it is no longer useful to provide a lubrication device. In addition to their lower sensitivity to the phenomena of wear by friction, these variants have the advantage, compared to the pads having a planar contact surface with the cylinder 1, 1 ′, of being less sensitive to the dirt which may be present on the edges 3 of cylinders 1, 1 ', thanks to their reduced contact surface.

La fonction de ces patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' est, comme on l'a dit plus haut, de limiter la vitesse d'usure de la face latérale 2 en assumant, en régime normal, l'essentiel de l'effort de frottement entre les cylindres 1, 1' et la face latérale 2. Ainsi, l'usure par frottement de la face latérale 2 devient pratiquement nulle en l'absence d'incidents tels que l'apparition de solidifications parasites qui viendraient accélérer cette usure.The function of these pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' is, as mentioned above, to limit the rate of wear of the side face 2 by assuming, under normal conditions, most of the friction force between the cylinders 1, 1 'and the lateral face 2. Thus, the friction wear of the lateral face 2 becomes practically zero in the absence of incidents such as the appearance of parasitic solidifications which would come accelerate this wear.

En variante, on peut également n'équiper chaque platine 4 que de deux patins, frottant chacun sur un cylindre 1, 1' différent, et disposés de préférence au voisinage de la partie supérieure de la face latérale 4, par exemple à l'emplacement des patins 10, 10" de la figure 2.As a variant, it is also possible to equip each plate 4 only with two pads, each rubbing on a different cylinder 1, 1 ′, and preferably arranged in the vicinity of the upper part of the lateral face 4, for example at the location pads 10, 10 "of FIG. 2.

La présence d'au moins deux patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' par cylindre 1, 1' conjuguée à celle de la plaque de poussée 8 et des organes de poussée 9, 9', 9", 9"', permet d'optimiser la vitesse d'usure de la face latérale 2 sur ses différentes zones, en tenant compte des évènements particuliers qui ont pu contribuer à une usure plus prononcée au voisinage de l'un des cylindres 1, 1' que de l'autre. On continue ainsi à tirer parti des possibilités de légère déformation de la face latérale 2 et de la platine 4 liées à l'utilisation du système plaque de poussée 8-organes de poussée 9, 9', 9", 9"'. Mais, comme on l'a dit, l'invention est aussi applicable au cas où le vérin 6 attaque directement la platine 4.The presence of at least two pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' per cylinder 1, 1 'combined with that of the thrust plate 8 and the thrust members 9, 9', 9 ", 9" ' , optimizes the wear speed of the side face 2 on its different zones, taking into account particular events which may have contributed to more pronounced wear in the vicinity of one of the cylinders 1, 1 'than of the 'other. We thus continue to take advantage of the possibilities of slight deformation of the lateral face 2 and of the plate 4 linked to the use of the push plate system 8-push members 9, 9 ', 9 ", 9"'. But, as we have said, the invention is also applicable to the case where the jack 6 directly attacks the plate 4.

On peut, en conséquence, proposer une procédure de coulée qui serait la suivante. Avant le démarrage de la coulée, on place les parties avant des patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' à quelques 1/10 de mm en retrait de la face avant de la face latérale 2 mise au contact des cylindres 1, 1'. Puis on fait tourner les cylindres 1, 1' en faisant avancer la face latérale 2 dans leur direction au moyen du vérin 6, de manière à provoquer une usure de la face latérale 2 qui la conforme à la configuration précise des chants 3 des cylindres 1, 1'. Cette usure se poursuit jusqu'à ce que les parties avant des patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' viennent au contact des cylindres 1, 1'. A ce moment, l'avancement de la face latérale 2 n'est plus possible et son usure s'arrête. On démarre alors la coulée après avoir éventuellement réduit la force d'appui de la face latérale sur les cylindres 1, 1'. Pendant la coulée, soit on laisse fixes les patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' si on ne souhaite subir aucune usure de la face latérale 2, soit on les fait reculer de manière continue ou saccadée à une vitesse moyenne contrôlée, par exemple de l'ordre de 2 à 10 mm/heure. Ce recul progressif permet de renouveler la surface de contact entre la face latérale 2 et les cylindres 1, 1', tout en maintenant l'usure de la face latérale 2 à une valeur modérée, par exemple voisine de celle de la partie centrale de la face latérale 2 qui est en contact avec le métal liquide et qui, de ce fait, subit une érosion essentiellement chimique. Grâce à l'invention, on maîtrise une usure modérée de la face latérale 2 avec une précision bien meilleure qu'on ne pourrait le faire en utilisant seulement le vérin 6.We can, therefore, propose a casting procedure which would be as follows. Before starting the casting, the front parts of the pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' are placed a few 1/10 mm back from the front face of the side face 2 brought into contact with the cylinders 1, 1 '. Then the cylinders 1, 1 ′ are rotated by advancing the lateral face 2 in their direction by means of the jack 6, so as to cause wear of the lateral face 2 which conforms to the precise configuration of the edges 3 of the cylinders 1 , 1 '. This wear continues until the front parts of the pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' come into contact with the cylinders 1, 1 '. At this time, the advancement of the side face 2 is no longer possible and its wear stops. The casting is then started after possibly reducing the bearing force of the lateral face on the cylinders 1, 1 '. During casting, either the pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' are left fixed if there is no wear on the side face 2, or they are made to move back continuously or jerky at a controlled average speed, for example of the order of 2 to 10 mm / hour. This progressive recoil makes it possible to renew the contact surface between the lateral face 2 and the cylinders 1, 1 ', while maintaining the wear of the side face 2 at a moderate value, for example close to that of the central part of the side face 2 which is in contact with the liquid metal and which, from this done, undergoes essentially chemical erosion. Thanks to the invention, moderate wear on the side face 2 is controlled with much better precision than could be done using only the jack 6.

Si malgré tout, en cours de coulée, on constatait des défauts d'étanchéité entre les cylindres 1, 1' et la face latérale 2, on aurait la possibilité de reculer immédiatement les patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' de quelques 1/10 de mm et d'augmenter temporairement la vitesse d'avancement et la force d'appui de la face latérale 2, afin d'assurer un renouvellement rapide de leurs surfaces de contact.If despite everything, during casting, there were leaks between the cylinders 1, 1 'and the side face 2, it would be possible to immediately reverse the pads 10, 10', 10 ", 10" ' a few 1/10 mm and temporarily increase the forward speed and the pressing force of the side face 2, in order to ensure rapid renewal of their contact surfaces.

On peut également remarquer que les systèmes de lubrification des patins 10, 10" contribuent à la lubrification des interfaces entre les cylindres 1, 1' et la face latérale 2, car les bords des cylindres 1, 1' contre lesquels ils sont en appui vont, immédiatement après, venir au contact de la face latérale 2. Cela est favorable à une réduction de l'usure de la face latérale 2.It can also be noted that the lubrication systems of the pads 10, 10 "contribute to the lubrication of the interfaces between the cylinders 1, 1 'and the side face 2, because the edges of the cylinders 1, 1' against which they are supported go , immediately afterwards, come into contact with the side face 2. This is favorable to a reduction in the wear of the side face 2.

Une autre variante de l'invention consiste à utiliser des patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' (ou au moins certains d'entre eux) en un matériau autolubrifiant, tel que du nitrure de bore. L'application d'un lubrifiant extérieur sur leur surface qui est au contact du cylindre 1, 1' n'est alors plus utile. Pour compenser l'usure des patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' ainsi réalisés, leurs dispositifs de déplacement 11, 11' sont prévus pour pouvoir leur imposer un mouvement progressif en direction du cylindre 1, 1'. Ce mouvement doit cesser dès que les capteurs d'efforts liés habituellement aux organes de poussée 9, 9', 9", 9"' les plus proches détectent un relâchement des efforts de réaction exercés par le cylindre 1, 1' sur la face latérale 2 et sa platine 4, car un tel relâchement est le signe que la face avant du patin 10, 10', 10", 10"' en cause n'est plus alignée avec la face avant de la face latérale 2.Another variant of the invention consists in using pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' (or at least some of them) made of a self-lubricating material, such as boron nitride. The application of an external lubricant on their surface which is in contact with the cylinder 1, 1 ′ is no longer useful. To compensate for the wear of the pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' thus produced, their displacement devices 11, 11 'are provided in order to be able to impose on them a progressive movement in the direction of the cylinder 1, 1'. This movement must cease as soon as the force sensors usually linked to the closest thrust members 9, 9 ', 9 ", 9"' detect a relaxation of the reaction forces exerted by the cylinder 1, 1 'on the lateral face 2 and its plate 4, because such a loosening is the sign that the front face of the pad 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' in question is no longer aligned with the front face of the side face 2.

L'invention est, par ailleurs, parfaitement compatible avec l'utilisation de faces latérales 2 auxquelles, comme il est connu, on imprimerait un mouvement d'oscillation dans le plan des faces planes des cylindres 1, 1'.The invention is, moreover, perfectly compatible with the use of lateral faces 2 to which, as is known, an oscillation movement would be imparted in the plane of the flat faces of the cylinders 1, 1 '.

Claims (9)

Dispositif de support d'une face latérale (2) d'une installation de coulée continue entre cylindres de produits métalliques minces du type comportant deux cylindres (1,1') refroidis à axes horizontaux, deux faces latérales (2) appliquées contre les chants (3) des cylindres (1, 1'), ledit dispositif de support comportant un chariot (5) déplaçable à la commande selon une direction parallèle aux axes des cylindres (1, 1'), un dispositif de poussée (6) porté par ledit chariot (5), et une platine (4) reliée audit dispositif de poussée (6) et solidaire de la face latérale (2), caractérisé en ce que ladite platine (4) comporte au moins deux patins (10, 10', 10", 10"') déplaçables à la commande selon une direction parallèle aux axes des cylindres (1, 1') par des dispositifs (11, 11') pouvant appliquer chacun desdits patins (10, 10', 10", 10"') contre un chant (3) d'un des cylindres (1, 1').Device for supporting a lateral face (2) of a continuous casting installation between cylinders of thin metallic products of the type comprising two cylinders (1,1 ') cooled with horizontal axes, two lateral faces (2) applied against the edges (3) cylinders (1, 1 '), said support device comprising a carriage (5) movable when ordered in a direction parallel to the axes of the cylinders (1, 1'), a pushing device (6) carried by said carriage (5), and a plate (4) connected to said pushing device (6) and integral with the lateral face (2), characterized in that said plate (4) comprises at least two pads (10, 10 ', 10 ", 10" ') movable when ordered in a direction parallel to the axes of the cylinders (1, 1') by devices (11, 11 ') capable of applying each of said pads (10, 10', 10 ", 10" ') against an edge (3) of one of the cylinders (1, 1'). Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la platine (4) est reliée au dispositif de poussée (6) par l'intermédiaire d'une plaque de poussée (8) et d'organes de poussée (9, 9', 9", 9"') répartis sur une zone de forme correspondant à celle de la face latérale (2).Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate (4) is connected to the pushing device (6) by means of a pushing plate (8) and pushing members (9, 9 ', 9 ", 9" ') distributed over a zone of shape corresponding to that of the lateral face (2). Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits dispositifs (11, 11') sont constitués par des vérins.Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said devices (11, 11 ') are constituted by jacks. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits dispositifs (11, 11') sont constitués par des dispositifs à vis.Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said devices (11, 11 ') are constituted by screw devices. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits dispositifs (11, 11') sont constitués par des dispositifs à crémaillère.Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said devices (11, 11 ') are constituted by rack and pinion devices. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdits patins (10, 10', 10", 10"') comportent des moyens de lubrification de leur face destinée à venir au contact dudit cylindre.Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said pads (10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"') include means for lubricating their face intended to come into contact with said cylinder. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que au moins certains des patins 10, 10', 10", 10"' sont en un matériau autolubrifiant.Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least some of the pads 10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"' are made of a self-lubricating material. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdits patins (10, 10', 10", 10"') sont constitués par des galets.Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said pads (10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"') are constituted by rollers. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdits patins (10, 10', 10", 10"') sont constitués par des roulettes.Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said pads (10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"') are constituted by rollers.
EP95402329A 1994-11-30 1995-10-19 Means for supporting a side wall for a continuous casting plant for casting strips between rolls Expired - Lifetime EP0714715B1 (en)

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FR9414348A FR2727337B1 (en) 1994-11-30 1994-11-30 SUPPORT DEVICE FOR A SIDE FACE OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING PLANT OF METAL BANDS BETWEEN CYLINDERS
FR9414348 1994-11-30

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FR2703935B1 (en) * 1993-04-14 1995-07-21 Usinor Sacilor DEVICE FOR QUICK CHANGING AND HOLDING A SIDE WALL OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE OF A METAL PRODUCT BETWEEN CYLINDERS.

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JPH01273655A (en) * 1988-04-26 1989-11-01 Kawasaki Steel Corp Method for continuously casting strip and continuous casting machine
EP0546206A1 (en) 1990-06-11 1993-06-16 Nippon Steel Corporation Continuous casting method of thin metal strip
EP0588743A1 (en) * 1992-09-14 1994-03-23 USINOR SACILOR Société Anonyme Installation for continuous casting of thin metallic products between rolls
JPH081250A (en) * 1994-06-14 1996-01-09 Hitachi Cable Ltd Punching die

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2296883B (en) * 1995-01-12 1998-10-14 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Strip casting
EP0967032A2 (en) * 1998-06-12 1999-12-29 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Strip casting apparatus
EP0967032A3 (en) * 1998-06-12 2001-01-10 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Strip casting apparatus
CN1086966C (en) * 1998-06-12 2002-07-03 卡斯特里普公司 Strip casting apparatus
WO2000032332A1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2000-06-08 Usinor Device for pressing a side wall in an installation for continuous casting of metal strips between two drums against the planar surfaces of the drums
FR2786716A1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2000-06-09 Usinor DEVICE FOR APPLYING A SIDE SIDE FOR THE CONTINUOUS CASTING INSTALLATION OF METAL STRIPS BETWEEN TWO CYLINDERS AGAINST THE PLANAR FACES OF THE CYLINDERS
US6497270B1 (en) 1998-12-03 2002-12-24 Usinor Device for pressing a side wall in installation for continuous casting of metal strips between two drums against the planar surfaces of the drums
CN1314500C (en) * 2002-06-25 2007-05-09 奥地利钢铁联合企业阿尔卑斯工业设备制造有限公司 Method for producing a metal strip using a twin-roll casting device
WO2004000487A1 (en) * 2002-06-25 2003-12-31 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh & Co Method for producing a metal strip using a twin-roll casting device
AT412195B (en) * 2002-06-25 2004-11-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen METHOD FOR PRODUCING A METAL STRIP WITH A TWO-ROLLING CASTING DEVICE
KR101048534B1 (en) * 2002-06-25 2011-07-11 지멘스 브이에이아이 메탈스 테크놀로지스 게엠베하 Method for manufacturing metal strip using twin roll casting device
AU2003245968B2 (en) * 2002-06-25 2008-02-21 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh Method for producing a metal strip using a twin-roll casting device
DE10341249A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-05-19 Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh Side plate for sealing a casting gap formed between the casting rolls of a two-roll caster, two-roll caster and method of operation
DE10341251B4 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-06-30 Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh Method for operating a two-roll caster
DE10341249B4 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-06-30 Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh Side plate for sealing a casting gap formed between the casting rolls of a two-roll caster, two-roll caster and method of operation
DE10341250B3 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-05-25 Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh Method for operating a two-roll caster
DE10341251A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-05-19 Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh Method for operating a two-roll caster
DE10341252B3 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-01-13 Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh Method for operating a twin roller casting machine comprises measuring longitudinal and transverse forces on side plates at several positions, calculating actual longitudinal force on them and adjusting them
DE102004046249A1 (en) * 2004-09-23 2006-06-08 Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh Process to operate a twin roller metal strip casting assembly subject to varying crust-derived pressure variations
DE102004046249B4 (en) * 2004-09-23 2006-07-27 Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh Process to operate a twin roller metal strip casting assembly subject to varying crust-derived pressure variations
DE102007041263A1 (en) 2007-08-30 2009-03-05 Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh Apparatus and method for casting strips of a molten metal, in particular a molten steel
US8397794B2 (en) 2011-04-27 2013-03-19 Castrip, Llc Twin roll caster and method of control thereof

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TR199501512A2 (en) 1996-11-21
FR2727337A1 (en) 1996-05-31
ZA959737B (en) 1996-05-29
DE69517924D1 (en) 2000-08-17
FI955766A0 (en) 1995-11-30
PT714715E (en) 2000-12-29
CA2164046A1 (en) 1996-05-31
CZ315895A3 (en) 1996-06-12
ATE194526T1 (en) 2000-07-15
DK0714715T3 (en) 2000-11-06
PL311265A1 (en) 1996-06-10
KR960017006A (en) 1996-06-17
JP3367809B2 (en) 2003-01-20
KR100375591B1 (en) 2003-05-09
CN1130111A (en) 1996-09-04
AU3773895A (en) 1996-06-20
CA2164046C (en) 2004-03-23
GR3034475T3 (en) 2000-12-29
FR2727337B1 (en) 1996-12-27
UA41363C2 (en) 2001-09-17
US5628359A (en) 1997-05-13
CZ284573B6 (en) 1999-01-13
ES2149938T3 (en) 2000-11-16
SK145995A3 (en) 1998-02-04
FI109979B (en) 2002-11-15
PL178430B1 (en) 2000-04-28
DE69517924T2 (en) 2001-02-22
JPH08206792A (en) 1996-08-13
MX9504925A (en) 1997-01-31
FI955766A (en) 1996-05-31
AU675756B2 (en) 1997-02-13
RO115337B1 (en) 2000-01-28
BR9505565A (en) 1997-11-04
CN1064285C (en) 2001-04-11
SK281883B6 (en) 2001-08-06
RU2145268C1 (en) 2000-02-10
EP0714715B1 (en) 2000-07-12
TW309459B (en) 1997-07-01

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