EP0708812A4 - Wässriges schmiermittel und oberflächebehandlungsmittel für gebildete metalloberflächen - Google Patents

Wässriges schmiermittel und oberflächebehandlungsmittel für gebildete metalloberflächen

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Publication number
EP0708812A4
EP0708812A4 EP94907136A EP94907136A EP0708812A4 EP 0708812 A4 EP0708812 A4 EP 0708812A4 EP 94907136 A EP94907136 A EP 94907136A EP 94907136 A EP94907136 A EP 94907136A EP 0708812 A4 EP0708812 A4 EP 0708812A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
group
composition
atoms
fluoride
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94907136A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0708812A1 (de
Inventor
James P Bershas
Timm L Kelly
Gary L Rochfort
Henry A Rossmaier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/090,724 external-priority patent/US5378379A/en
Priority claimed from US08/109,791 external-priority patent/US5458698A/en
Priority claimed from US08/143,803 external-priority patent/US5476601A/en
Application filed by Henkel Corp filed Critical Henkel Corp
Publication of EP0708812A1 publication Critical patent/EP0708812A1/de
Publication of EP0708812A4 publication Critical patent/EP0708812A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
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    • C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
    • C23C22/361—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing titanium, zirconium or hafnium compounds
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    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/042—Sulfate esters
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    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
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    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
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    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
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    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • This invention relates to processes and compositions which accomplish at least one, and most preferably all, of the following related objectives when applied to formed metal surfaces, more particularly to the surfaces of cleaned aluminum and/or tin plated cans: (i) reducing the coefficient of static friction of the treated surfaces after drying of such surfaces, without adversely affecting the adhesion of paints or lacquers applied thereto; (ii) promoting the drainage of water from treated
  • Aluminum cans are commonly used as containers for a wide variety of prod ⁇ ucts. After their manufacture, the aluminum cans are typically washed with acidic cleaners to remove aluminum fines and other contaminants therefrom. Recently, en ⁇ vironmental considerations and the possibility that residues remaining on the cans following acidic cleaning could influence the flavor of beverages packaged in the cans has led to an interest in alkaline cleaning to remove such fines and contami ⁇ nants. However, the treatment of aluminum cans with either alkaline or acidic clean- ers generally results in differential rates of metal surface etch on the outside versus on the inside of the cans.
  • optimum conditions required to attain an aluminum fine-free surface on the inside of the cans usually leads to can mobility problems on conveyors because of the increased roughness on the outside can sur ⁇ face.
  • Aluminum cans that lack a low coefficient of static friction (hereinafter often abbreviated as "COF") on the outside surface usually do not move past each other and through the trackwork of a can plant smoothly. Clearing the jams resulting from failures of smooth flow is inconvenient to the persons operating the plant and costly because of lost production.
  • COF of the internal surface is also important when the cans are processed through most conventional can decorators.
  • the current trend in the can manufacturing industry is directed to- ward using thinner gauges of aluminum metal stock.
  • the down-gauging of alumi ⁇ num can metal stock has caused a production problem in that, after washing, the cans require a lower drying oven temperature in order to pass the column strength pressure quality control test.
  • lowering the drying oven temperature result ⁇ ed in the cans not being dry enough when they reached the printing station, and caused label ink smears and a higher rate of can rejects.
  • One means of lowering the drying oven temperature would be to reduce the amount of water remaining on the surface of the cans after water rinsing.
  • it is advantageous to promote the drainage of rinse water from the treated can surfaces.
  • it is generally important to prevent the formation of surfaces with water-breaks as noted above.
  • Such water-breaks give rise to at least a percep ⁇ tion, and increase the possibility in reality, of non-uniformity in practically important properties among various areas of the surfaces treated.
  • the reduction in coefficient of friction provided by prior art treat- ments in either Stage 4 or Stage 6 can be substantially reduced, often to an unaccept ⁇ able level, if the treated cans are subjected to extraordinary heating after completion of the six process stages described above.
  • Such extraordinary heating of the cans in the drying oven occurs whenever a high speed production line is stalled for even a few minutes, an event that is by no means rare in practice.
  • the higher COF measurements correlate with the loss of mobility, thereby defeating the purpose of introducing mobility enhancing surfactants into can washing formulations.
  • a lubricant and sur ⁇ face conditioner applied to aluminum cans after washing enhances their mobility and, in a preferred embodiment, improves their water film drainage and evaporation char ⁇ acteristics as to enable lowering the temperature of a drying oven by from about 25° to about 38° C without having any adverse effect on the label printing process.
  • the lubricant and surface conditioner reduces the coefficient of static friction on the out ⁇ side surface of the cans, enabling a substantial increase in production line speeds, and in addition, provides a noticeable improvement in the rate of water film drainage and evaporation resulting in savings due to lower energy demands while meeting quality control requirements.
  • Various embodiments of the invention include a concentrated lubricant and surface conditioner forming composition as described above; a solution of such a composition in water, optionally with additional acid or base to adjust the pH value, suitable as the complete composition for contacting a metal surface, in Stage 4 and/or Stage 6 of a six stage cleaning and rinsing process as described above; and processes including contacting a metal surface, particularly an aluminum surface, with an aqueous composition including the ingredients of the lubricant and surface conditioner forming composition specified in detail above.
  • Figures 1(a) - 1(d) illustrate the effect of fluoride activity during cleaning of cans before applying a lubricant and surface conditioner according to this invention on the characteristics of the cans after processing.
  • the lubricant and surface conditioner for aluminum cans in accordance with this invention may, for example, be selected from water-soluble alkoxylated surfact ⁇ ants such as organic phosphate esters; alcohols; fatty acids including mono-, di-, tri-, and poly-acids; fatty acid derivatives such as salts, hydroxy acids, amides, esters, particularly alkyl esters of 2-substituted alkoxylated fatty alkyloxy acetic acids (brief ⁇ ly denoted hereinafter as "oxa-acid esters") as described more fully in U. S. Appli ⁇ cation Serial No. 843,135 filed February 28, 1992; ethers and derivatives thereof; and mixtures thereof.
  • water-soluble alkoxylated surfact ⁇ ants such as organic phosphate esters; alcohols; fatty acids including mono-, di-, tri-, and poly-acids; fatty acid derivatives such as salts, hydroxy acids, amides, esters, particularly al
  • the lubricant and surface conditioner for aluminum cans in accordance with this invention in one embodiment preferably comprises a water-soluble derivative of a saturated fatty acid such as an ethoxylated stearic acid or an ethoxylated isostearic acid, or alkali metal salts thereof such as polyoxyethylated stearate and polyoxyethyl- ated isostearate.
  • the lubricant and surface conditioner for aluminum cans may comprise a water-soluble alcohol having at least about 4 carbon atoms and may contain up to about 50 moles of ethylene oxide. Excellent results have been obtained when the alcohol comprises polyoxyethylated oleyl alcohol containing an average of about 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
  • the organic material employed to form a film on an aluminum can following alkaline or acid cleaning and prior to the last drying of the exterior surface prior to conveying comprises a water-soluble or ⁇ ganic material selected from a phosphate ester, an alcohol, fatty acids including mono-, di-, tri-, and poly-acids fatty acid derivatives including salts, hydroxy acids, amides, alcohols, esters, ethers and derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof.
  • a water-soluble or ⁇ ganic material selected from a phosphate ester, an alcohol, fatty acids including mono-, di-, tri-, and poly-acids fatty acid derivatives including salts, hydroxy acids, amides, alcohols, esters, ethers and derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof.
  • Such organic material is preferably part of an aqueous solution comprising water-soluble organic material suitable for forming a film on the cleaned aluminum can to provide the surface after drying with a coefficient of static friction not more than 1.5 and that is less than would be obtained on a can surface of the same type without such film coating.
  • water solubility can be imparted to or ⁇ ganic materials by alkoxylation, preferably ethoxylation, propoxylation or mixture thereof.
  • non-alkoxylated phosphate esters are also useful in the present in ⁇ vention, especially free acid containing or neutralized mono-and diesters of phos ⁇ phoric acid with various alcohols. Specific examples include TryfacTM 5573 Phos ⁇ phate Ester, a free acid containing ester available from Henkel Corp.; and TritonTM H-55, TritonTM H-66, and TritonTM QS-44, all available from Union Carbide Corp.
  • Preferred non-ethoxylated alcohols include the following classes of alcohols:
  • Suitable monohydric alcohols and their esters with inorganic acids include water soluble compounds containing from 3 to about 20 carbons per molecule.
  • Spe ⁇ cific examples include sodium lauryl sulfates such as DuponolTM WAQ and Dupon- olTM QC and DuponolTM WA and DuponolTM C available from Witco Corp. and pro- prietary sodium alkyl sulfonates such as AlkanolTM 189-S available from E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
  • Suitable polyhydric alcohols include aliphatic or arylalkyl polyhydric alcohols containing two or more hydroxyl groups. Specific examples include glycerine, sorbi- tol, mannitol, xanthan gum, hexylene glycol, gluconic acid, gluconate salts, glucohep- tonate salts, pentaerythritol and derivatives thereof, sugars, and alkylpolyglycosides such as APGTM300 and APGTM325, available from Henkel Corp. Especially pre ⁇ ferred polyhydric alcohols include triglycerols, especially glycerine or fatty acid es ⁇ ters thereof such as castor oil triglycerides.
  • alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated, castor oil triglycerides results in further improvements in can mobility especially where opera ⁇ tion of the can line is interrupted causing the cans to be exposed to elevated temper- atures for extended periods.
  • especially preferred materials include Try- loxTM 5900, TryloxTM 5902, TryloxTM 5904, TryloxTM 5906, TryloxTM 5907, TryloxTM 5909, TryloxTM 5918, and hydrogenated castor oil derivatives such as TryloxTM 5921 and TryloxTM 5922, all available from Henkel Corp.
  • Preferred fatty acids include butyric, valeric, caproic, caprylic, capric, pelar- gonic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, oleic, stearic, linoleic, and ricinoleic acids; malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, maleic, tartaric, gluconic, and dimer acids; and salts of any of these; iminodipropionate salts such as Amphoteric N and Amphoteric 400 availa ⁇ ble from Exxon Chemical Co.; sulfosuccinate derivatives such as TexaponTMSH-135 Special and TexaponTMSB-3, available from Henkel Corp.; citric, nitrilotriacetic, and trimellitic acids; VersenolTM 120 HEEDTA, N-(hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetri- acetate, available from Dow Chemical Co.
  • Preferred amides generally include amides or substituted amides of carboxylic acids having from four to twenty carbons.
  • Specific examples are AlkamideTM L203 lauric monoethanolamide, AlkamideTM L7DE lauric/myristic alkanolamide, Alka ⁇ mideTM DS 280/s stearic diethanolamide, AlkamideTM CD coconut diethanolamide, AlkamideTM DIN 100 lauric/linoleic diethanolamide, AlkamideTM DIN 295/s linoleic diethanolamide, AlkamideTM DL 203 lauric diethanolamide, all available from Rh ⁇ ne-Poulenc; MonamidTM 150-MW myristic ethanolamide, MonamidTM 150-CW capric ethanolamide, MonamidTM 150-IS isostearic ethanolamide, all available from Mona Industries Inc.; and EthomidTM HT/23 and EthomidTM HT60 polyoxyethylated hydrogenated tallow amines, available from Akz
  • Preferred anionic organic derivatives generally include sulfate and sulfonate derivatives of fatty acids including sulfate and sulfonate derivatives of natural and synthetically derived alcohols, acids and natural products.
  • do- decyl benzene sulfonates such as DowfaxTM 2A1, DowfaxTM 2AO, DowfaxTM 3BO, and DowfaxTM 3B2, all available from Dow Chemical Co.
  • sulfosuccinate derivatives such as MonamateTM CPA sodium sulfosuccinate of a modified alkanola- mide, MonamateTM LA-100 disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, all available from Mona Industries
  • organic materials comprise water-soluble alkoxyl ⁇ ated, preferably ethoxylated, propoxylated, or mixed ethoxylated and propoxylated materials, most preferably ethoxylated, and non-ethoxylated organic materials se ⁇ lected from amine salts of fatty acids including mono-, di-, tri-, and poly-acids, amino fatty acids, fatty amine ⁇ -oxides, and quaternary salts, and water soluble pol ⁇ ymers.
  • Preferred amine salts of fatty acids include ammonium, quaternary ammoni- um, phosphonium, and alkali metal salts of fatty acids and derivatives thereof con ⁇ taining up to 50 moles of alkylene oxide in either or both the cationic or anionic species.
  • Specific examples include Amphoteric ⁇ and Amphoteric 400 iminodipro- pionate sodium salts, available from Exxon Chemical Co.; DeriphatTM 154 disodium ⁇ -tallow-beta iminodipropionate and DeriphatTM 160, disodium ⁇ -lauryl-beta imino- dipropionate, available from Henkel Corp.
  • Preferred amino acids include alpha and beta amino acids and diacids and salts thereof, including alkyl and alkoxyiminodipropionic acids and their salts and sarcosine derivatives and their salts.
  • Specific examples include ArmeenTM Z, ⁇ - coco-beta-aminobutyric acid, available from Akzo Chemicals Inc.; Amphoteric ⁇ , Amphoteric 400, Exxon Chemical Co.; sarcosine ( ⁇ -methyl glycine); hydroxyethyl glycine; HamposylTM TL-40 triethanolamine lauroyl sarcosinate, HamposylTM O oleyl sarcosinate, HamposylTM AL-30 ammoniumlauroyl sarcosinate, HamposylTM L laur ⁇ oyl sarcosinate, and HamposylTM C cocoyl sarcosinate, all available from W.R.
  • amine ⁇ -oxides include amine oxides where at least one alkyl sub- stituent contains at least three carbons and up to 20 carbons.
  • Specific examples in ⁇ clude AromoxTM C/12 bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)cocoalkylamine oxide, AromoxTM T/12 bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)tallowalkylamine oxide, AromoxTM DMC dimethylcocoalkyla- mine oxide, AromoxTM DMHT hydrogenated dimethyltallowalkylamine oxide, Aro- moxTMDM-16 dimethylheaxdecylalkylamine oxide, all available from Akzo Chemi ⁇ cals Inc.; and TomahTM AO-14-2 and TomanTM AO-728 available from Exxon Chem ⁇ ical Co.
  • Preferred quaternary salts include quaternary ammonium derivatives of fatty amines containing at least one substituent containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms and zero to 50 moles of ethylene oxide and/or zero to 15 moles of propylene oxide where the counter ion consists of halide, sulfate, nitrate, carboxylate, alkyl or aryl sulfate, alkyl or aryl sulfonate or derivatives thereof.
  • Ar ⁇ quadTM 12-37W dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride ArquadTM 18-50 octadecyltri- methylammonium chloride, ArquadTM 210-50 didecyldimethylammonium chloride, ArquadTM 218-100 dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, ArquadTM 316(W) trihex- adecylmethylammonium chloride, ArquadTM B-100 benzyldimethyl(C 12 _ ⁇ 8 )alkylam- monium chloride, EthoquadTM C/12 cocomethyl[POE(2)]ammonium chloride, Etho- quadTM C/25 cocomethyl[POE( 15)] ammonium chloride, EthoquadTM C/12 nitrate salt, EthoquadTM T/13 Acetate tris(2-hydroxyethyl)tallowalkyl ammonium acetate, Duo- qaudTM T
  • a combination of fluoride ions with either amine oxide or quaternary am ⁇ monium salts as described above, preferably the latter, is a major part of one espe ⁇ cially preferred embodiment of the invention when good resistance of the friction re ⁇ duction to overheating and/or resistance to dome staining during pasteurization is needed.
  • a suitable additive to satisfy these objectives preferably comprises, more preferably consists essentially of, or still more preferably consists of: (A) a component selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salt and amine oxide surfactants conforming to general formula I: R 1 R 2 -N + -R 3 ⁇ X " ⁇ a ( I ) ,
  • (C) a component selected from the group consisting of phosphate, sulfate, and ni- trate ions, with phosphate or a mixture of phosphate with one or both of sul ⁇ fate and nitrate preferred; and, optionally,
  • aluminate anions including fluoroaluminate anions
  • component (A) as defined above quaternary salts are preferred over amine oxides when dome staining resistance is desired.
  • at least two, or more preferably all three, of the moieties R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 be hydroxyalkyl groups, most preferably 2-hydroxyethyl groups.
  • the R 1 moieties in the materials used for component (A) be mixtures of the alkyl groups correspond ⁇ ing to the mixture of alkyl groups present in the fatty acid mixtures derived from hy ⁇ drolysis of natural fats and oils, such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil, animal tallow, and the like. Alkyl groups from animal tallow are particularly preferred.
  • component (B) fluozirconate ions added as fluozirconic acid are most preferred. The optimal amount of fluoride can conveniently be monitored during use if desired by means of fluoride sensitive electrode as described in U. S. Patent 3,431,182 and commercially available from Orion Instruments.
  • Fruoride activity was measured relative to a 120E Activity Standard Solution, commercially available from the P+A, by a procedure described in detail in P+A Technical Process Bulletin No. 968.
  • the Orion Fluoride Ion Electrode and the reference electrode provided with the Orion instrument are both immersed in the noted Standard Solution and the millivolt meter reading is adjusted to 0 with a Standard Knob on the instrument, after waiting if necessary for any initial drift in readings to stabilize.
  • the electrodes are then rinsed with deionized or distilled water, dried, and immersed in the sample to be measured, which should be brought to the same temperature as the noted Standard Solution had when it was used to set the meter reading to 0.
  • the reading of the electrodes immersed in the sample is taken directly from the millivolt (hereinafter often abbreviated "mv") meter on the instrument.
  • mv millivolt
  • the initial millivolt reading of a well operating freshly prepared working composition according to this embodiment of the invention ideally should be at least approximately maintained throughout the use of the composition.
  • the mv reading for free fluoride activity in such a working composition according to this embodi ⁇ ment of the invention preferably should lie, with increasing preference in the order given, within the range from -30 to -120, -50 to -100, -60 to -85, -68 to -80, or -68 to -72, mv.
  • component (C) preferably includes phosphate anions. Because of the preferred values for pH and for the ratio of the phosphpate content of component (C) to components (A) and (B) when component (C) includes phosphate, which are considered further below, usually some other acid than phos- phoric acid is required to bring the pH within the preferred ranges without exceeding the preferred ratio of phosphate to the other components.
  • nitric acid is preferably used when dome staining resistance is desired; otherwise, any other suf ⁇ ficiently strong acid that does not interfere with the attainment of the objects of the invention may be used; in such cases, sulfuric acid is normalUy preferred primarily because it is less expensive than other strong acids.
  • Components (D) and (E) normally are not added deliberately to the stage 4 composition (except for testing purposes), but normally accumulate in it as it is used under practical conditions for treating aluminum surfaces. While aluminum is un ⁇ likely to have any beneficial effect, experience has indicated that a normal equilibri- um concentration in commercial aluminum can cleaning lines will be within the range from 100 - 300 parts per million by weight (hereinafter often abbreviated "ppm"), and satisfactory results can be obtained with compositions including this much, or even more, aluminum.
  • the total concentration of components (D) and (E) is, with increasing preference in the order given, not more than 1000, 700, 500, 450, 400, 370, 340, 325, or 315 ppm.
  • the pH is preferably maintained in the range from 2.3 to 3.3, more pref ⁇ erably from 2.5 to 3.1, still more preferably from 2.70 to 2.90.
  • Values of pH lower than those stated usually result in less resistance than is desirable to dome staining, while pH values higher than those stated tend to result in inadequate etching of the surface to assure good adhesion of subsequently applied lacquers and/or inks.
  • Addi ⁇ tion of acid during prolonged operation is generally required to maintain these values of pH, because acidity is consumed by the process that forms the lubricant and sur- face conditioner coating.
  • the surfaces being treated are predominantly aluminum as is most common, it is preferable to include in the replenishment acid, which is added during prolonged use of the lubricant and surface conditioner forming compo- sition, a sufficient amount of hydrofluoric acid to complex the aluminum dissolved into the lubricant and surface conditioner forming composition during its use.
  • the molar ratio between components (C P ):(B):(A), where "C P " denotes the phosphate content only of component (C) as defined above, is preferably, with increasing pref ⁇ erence in the order given, in the range from 1.0:(0.5 - 4.0):(0.25 - 8.0), 1.0:(0.5 - 2.0):(0.5 - 6.0), 1.0.(0.7 - 1.3):(0.8 - 1.5), 1.0:(0.8 - 1.2):(0.90 - 1.40), 1.0:(0.90 - 1.10):(1.05 - 1.25), or 1.0:(0.95 - 1.05):(1.05 - 1.15).
  • the concentration of component (A) in a working Stage 4 composition preferably is, with increasing pref ⁇ erence in the order given, in the range from 0.14 to 2.25, 0.42 to 1.50, 0.56 to 1.12, 0.67 to 0.98, or 0.77 to 0.88, millimoles per liter (hereinafter often abbreviated "mM");
  • the concentration of component (B) in a working Stage 4 composition pref ⁇ erably is in the range from 0.20 to 2.0, or more preferably from 0.40 to 1.0, mM;
  • the concentration of component (C P ) in a working Stage 4 composition prefer ⁇ ably is in the range from 0.20 to 2.0, more preferably from 0.40 to 1.0, or still more preferably from 0.60 to 0.84, mM.
  • compositions according to this invention that include amine oxides and/or quaternary ammonium salts do not contain certain materials that are useful for mobility enhancement, even in other embodiments of this invention, and also do not contain certain other materi ⁇ als with various disadvantageous properties.
  • 5 amine oxide and/or quaternary ammonium salt based compositions according to this invention for use in Stage 4 as defined above, either as such or after dilution with water preferably contain no more than 5, 1.0, 0.2, 0.05, 0.01, 0.003, 0.001, or 0.0005 % by weight of any of the following materials [other than those specified as necessary or optional components (A) - (G) above]: (a) surfactants such as (a.l) o organic phosphate esters, (a.2) alcohols, (a.3) fatty acids including mono-, di-, tri-, and poly- acids and their derivatives (a.4) such as (a.4.1) salts, (a.4.2) hydroxy acids, (a.4.3) amides, (a.4.4) esters, and (a.4.5) ethers; (b) surfactants that are alkoxylated but are otherwise as described in part (a); (c) alk
  • surfactants such as (a.l) o organic phosphate est
  • Preferred water-soluble polymers include homopolymers and heteropolymers 0 of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, acrylic acid and its derivatives, maleic acid and its derivatives, vinyl phenol and its derivatives, and vinyl alcohol.
  • Specific examples include CarbowaxTM 200, CarbowaxTM 600, CarbowaxTM 900, Car- bowaxTM 1450, CarbowaxTM 3350, CarbowaxTM 8000, and Compound 20MTM, all available from Union Carbide Corp.; PluronicTM L61, PluronicTM L81, PluronicTM 5 31R1, PluronicTM 25R2, TetronicTM 304, TetronicTM 701, TetronicTM 908, TetronicTM 90R4, and TetronicTM 150R1, all available from BASF Wyandotte Corp.; AcusolTM 410N sodium salt of polyacrylic acid, AcusolTM 445 polyacrylic acid, AcusolTM 460ND sodium salt of maleic acid/olefin copolymer, and
  • Additional improvements are achieved by combining in the process of this in- vention the step of additionally contacting the exterior of an aluminum can with an inorganic material selected from metallic or ionic zirconium, titanium, cerium, alumi ⁇ num, iron, vanadium, tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium or tin to produce a film combining one or more of these metals with one or more of the above-described organic materials.
  • a thin film is produced having a coefficient of static friction that is not more than 1.5 and is preferably less than the coefficient without such film, thereby improving can mobility in high speed conveying without interfering with subsequent lacquering, other painting, printing, or other similar dec ⁇ orating of the containers.
  • surfactants include ethoxyl ⁇ ated and non-ethoxylated sulfated or sulfonated fatty alcohols, such as lauryl and coco alcohols.
  • Suitable are a wide class of anionic, non-ionic, cationic, or amphoteric surfactants.
  • Alkyl polyglycosides such as C 8 - C 18 alkyl polyglycosides having aver ⁇ age degrees of polymerization between 1.2 and 2.0 are also suitable.
  • surfactants suitable in combination are ethoxylated nonyl and octyl phenols con ⁇ taining from 1.5 to 100 moles of ethylene oxide, preferably a nonylphenol condensed with from 6 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide such as IgepalTM CO-887 available from Rh ⁇ ne-Poulenc; alkyl/aryl polyethers, for example, TritonTM DF-16; and phosphate esters of which TritonTM H-66 and TritonTM QS-44 are examples, all of the TritonTM products being available from Union Carbide Co., and EthoxTM 2684 and EthfacTM 136, both available from Ethox Chemicals Inc., are representative examples; polyeth- oxylated and/or polypropoxylated derivatives of linear and branched alcohols and de ⁇ rivatives thereof, as for example TrycolTM 6720 (Henkel Corp.), SurfonicTM LF-17 5 (Texaco) and Anta
  • the lubricant and surface conditioner for aluminum cans in accord ⁇ ance with this invention may comprise a phosphate acid ester or preferably an ethox ⁇ ylated alkyl alcohol phosphate ester.
  • phosphate esters are commercially availa- 5 ble under the tradename RhodafacTM PE 510 from Rh ⁇ ne-Poulenc Corporation, Wayne, NJ, and as EthfacTM 136 and EthfacTM 161 from Ethox Chemicals, Inc., Greenville, SC.
  • the organic phosphate esters may comprise alkyl and aryl phosphate esters with and without ethoxylation.
  • the lubricant and surface conditioner for aluminum cans may be applied to o the cans during their wash cycle, during one of their treatment cycles such as clean ⁇ ing or conversion coating, during one of their water rinse cycles, or more preferably (unless the lubricant and surface conditioner includes a metal cation as described above), during their final water rinse cycle.
  • the lubricant and surface conditioner may be applied to the cans after their final water rinse cycle, i.e., prior to 5 oven drying, or after oven drying, by fine mist application from water or another volatile non-inflammable solvent solution. It has been found that the lubricant and surface conditioner is capable of depositing on the aluminum surface of the cans to provide them with the desired characteristics.
  • the lubricant and surface conditioner may be applied by spraying and reacts with the aluminum surface through chemi- o sorption or physiosorption to provide it with the desired film.
  • the method of contact and the time of contact between the aqueous treating compositions and the metal substrates to be treated and the temperature of the com- positions during treatment are generally not critical features of the invention; they may be taken from the known state of the art. However, for large scale operations, power spraying is the preferred method of contact, and times of contact in stage 4 in the range from 5 to 60 seconds ("sec"), or more preferably from 10 to 30 sec, and a temperature of 20 to 60 ° C, or more preferably 30 to 48 ° C, are generally used.
  • the cans may thereafter be treated with a lubricant and surface conditioner comprising an anionic surfactant such as a phosphate acid ester.
  • a lubricant and surface conditioner comprising an anionic surfactant such as a phosphate acid ester.
  • the pH of the treat- ment composition is important and generally should be acidic, that is between about 1 and about 6.5, preferably between about 2.5 and about 5. If the cans are not treat ⁇ ed with the lubricant and surface conditioner of this invention next after the acidic water rinse, the cans are often exposed to a tap water rinse and then to a deionized water rinse.
  • the deionized water rinse solution is prepared to contain the lubricant and surface conditioner of this invention, which may comprise a non- ionic surfactant selected from the aforementioned polyoxyethylated alcohols or poly ⁇ oxyethylated fatty acids, or any of the other suitable materials as described above.
  • the cans may be passed to an oven for drying prior to further processing.
  • the amount of lubricant and surface conditioner remaining on the treated surface after drying should be sufficient to result in a COF value not more than 1.5, or with increasing preference in the order given, to a value of not more than 1.2, 1.0, 0.80, 0.72, 0.66, 0.60, 0.55, or 0.50.
  • the aqueous lubricant and surface conditioner forming composition contain, with increasing preference in the order given, not more than 2.0, 1.0, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.30, or 0.20 grams per liter (often abbreviated hereinafter as "g/L") of the necessary organic material(s) to form the lubricant and surface conditioner film on the treated can surface after drying.
  • g/L grams per liter
  • the coefficient of friction of a surface treated with a lubricant and surface conditioner is less easily damaged by heating when the lubricant and surface conditioner composition includes at least one of the following organic materials: al ⁇ koxylated or non-alkoxylated castor oil triglycerides and hydrogenated castor oil de- rivatives; alkoxylated and non-alkoxylated amine salts of a fatty acid including mono-, di-, tri-, and poly-acids; alkoxylated and non-alkoxylated amino fatty acids; alkoxylated and non-alkoxylated fatty amine N-oxides, alkoxylated and non-alkoxyl ⁇ ated quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl esters of 2-substituted alkoxylated fatty alkyl- oxy acetic acids (briefly denoted hereinafter as "oxa-acid esters”)
  • the composition including the organic materials preferably also includes a metallic element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium, cerium, alumin ⁇ um, iron, tin, vanadium, tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, and hafnium in metallic or ionic form, and the film formed on the surface as part of the lubricant and surface conditioner in dried form should include some of this metallic element along with organic material.
  • This example illustrates the amount of aluminum can lubricant and surface conditioner necessary to improve the mobility of the cans through the tracks and printing stations of an industrial can manufacturing facility, and also shows that the lubricant and surface conditioner does not have an adverse effect on the adhesion of labels printed on the outside surface as well as of lacquers sprayed on the inside sur ⁇ face of the cans.
  • Uncleaned aluminum cans obtained from an industrial can manufacturer were washed clean with an alkaline cleaner available from the P+A, employing that company's RidolineTM 3060/306 process.
  • the cans were washed in a CCW process ⁇ ing 14 cans at a time.
  • the cans were treated with different amounts of lubricant and surface conditioner in the final rinse stage of the washer and then dried in an oven.
  • the lubricant and surface conditioner comprised about a 10 % active concentrate of polyoxyethylated isostearate, an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant, available under the tradename EthoxTM MI- 14 from Ethox Chemicals, Inc., Greenville, SC.
  • the treated cans were returned to the can manufacturer for line speed and printing quality evaluations.
  • the printed cans were divided into two groups, each consisting of 4 to 6 cans. All were subjected for 20 minutes to one of the following adhesion test solutions:
  • Test Solution A 1% JoyTM (a commercial liquid dishwashing detergent, Proc ⁇ ter and Gamble Co.) solution in 3:1 deionized wate ⁇ tap water at a temperature of 82° C.
  • Test Solution B 1% JoyTM detergent solution in deionized water at a tempera ⁇ ture of 100° C.
  • each can was cross-hatched using a sharp metal object to expose lines of aluminum which showed through the paint or lacquer, and tested for paint adhesion.
  • This test included apply- ing ScotchTM transparent tape No. 610 firmly over the cross-hatched area and then drawing the tape back against itself with a rapid pulling motion such that the tape was pulled away from the cross-hatched area.
  • the results of the test were rated as follows: 10, perfect, when the tape did not peel any paint from the surface; 8, accept ⁇ able; and 0. total failure.
  • the cans were visually examined for any print or lacquer pick-off signs.
  • the cans were evaluated for their coefficient of static friction us ⁇ ing a laboratory static friction tester.
  • This device measures the static friction associ ⁇ ated with the surface characteristics of aluminum cans. This is done by using a ramp which is raised through an arc of 90° by using a constant speed motor, a spool and a cable attached to the free swinging end of the ramp. A cradle attached to the bottom of the ramp is used to hold 2 cans in horizontal position approximately 0.5 inches apart with the domes facing the fixed end of the ramp. A third can is laid upon the 2 cans with the dome facing the free swinging end of the ramp, and the edges of all 3 cans are aligned so that they are even with each other.
  • the lubricant and surface conditioner concentrate as applied to the cleaned aluminum cans provid ⁇ ed improved mobility to the cans even at very low use concentrations, and it had no s adverse effect on either adhesion of label print or internal lacquer tested even at 20 to 100 times the required use concentration to reduce the coefficient of static friction of the cans.
  • Example Group 2 These examples illustrate the use of the aluminum can lubricant and surface o conditioner of Example Group 1 in an industrial can manufacturing facility when passing cans through a printing station at the rate of 1260 cans per minute.
  • Aluminum can production was washed with an acidic cleaner (Ridoline TM 125 CO, available from P+A), and then treated with a non-chromate conversion coat ⁇ ing (AlodineTM 404, also available from the Parker+Amchem Division, Henkel Cor- 5 poration, Madison Heights, MI). The aluminum can production was then tested for "slip" and the exterior of the cans were found to have a static coefficient of friction of about 1.63. During processing of these cans through a printer station, the cans could be run through the printer station at the rate of 1150 to 1200 cans per minute without excessive "trips", i.e., improperly loaded can events. In such case, the cans o are not properly loaded on the mandrel where they are printed. Each "trip" causes a loss of cans which have to be discarded because they are not acceptable for final stage processing. Table 2
  • OSW stands for outside sidewall
  • ISW stands for inside sidewall
  • ID stands for inside dome
  • Example and Comparison Example Group 3 These examples illustrate the use of other materials as the basic component for the aluminum can lubricant and surface conditioner.
  • Aluminum cans were cleaned with an alkaline cleaner solution having a pH of about 12 at about 41° C for about 35 seconds. The cans were rinsed, and then treated with three different lubricant and surface conditioners comprising various phosphate ester solutions.
  • Phosphate ester solution 1 comprised a phosphate acid ester (available under the tradename RhodafacTM PE 510 from Rh ⁇ ne-Poulenc, Wayne, NJ) at a concentration of 0.5 g/1.
  • Phosphate ester solution 2 comprised an ethoxylated alkyl alcohol phosphate ester (available under the tradename EthfacTM 161 from Ethox Chemicals, Inc., Greenville, SC) at a concentration of 0.5 g/1.
  • Phos ⁇ phate ester solution 3 comprised an ethoxylated alkyl alcohol phosphate ester (avail ⁇ able under the tradename EthfacTM 136 from Ethox Chemicals, Inc., Greenville, SC) at a concentration of 1.5 g/1.
  • EthfacTM 136 from Ethox Chemicals, Inc., Greenville, SC
  • the mobility of the cans in terms of coefficient of static friction was evaluat ⁇ ed and found to be as follows in Table 3:
  • the aforementioned phosphate ester solutions all provided an acceptable mo ⁇ bility to aluminum cans, but the cans were completely covered with "water-break". It is desired that the cans be free of water-breaks, i.e., have a thin, continuous film of water thereon, because otherwise they contain large water droplets, and the water film is non-uniform and discontinuous. To determine whether such is detrimental to printing of the cans, they were evaluated for adhesion. That is, the decorated cans were cut open and boiled in a 1 % liquid dishwashing detergent solution (JoyTM) comprising 3:1 deionized wate ⁇ tap water for ten minutes. The cans were then rinsed in deionized water and dried.
  • JayTM liquid dishwashing detergent solution
  • Example Group 1 Eight cross-hatched scribe lines were cut into the coating of the cans on the inside and outside sidewalls and the inside dome. The scribe lines were taped over, and then the tape was snapped off. The cans were rated for adhesion values. The average value results are sum ⁇ marized in Table 4, in which the acronyms have the same meaning as in Table 2.
  • This example illustrates the effect of the lubricant and surface conditioner of this invention on the water draining characteristics of aluminum cans treated there- with.
  • Aluminum cans were cleaned with acidic cleaner (RidolineTM 125 CO fol ⁇ lowed by Alodine TM 404 treatment or RidolineTM 125 CO only) or with an alkaline cleaner solution (RidolineTM 3060/306 process), all the products being available from the Parker+Amchem Division, Henkel Corporation, Madison Heights, MI, and then rinsed with deionized water containing about 0.3% by weight of the lubricant and sur ⁇ face conditioner of this invention. After allowing the thus-rinsed cans to drain for up to 30 seconds, the amount of water remaining on each can was determined. The same test was conducted without the use of the lubricant and surface conditioner. The results are summarized in Table 5. It was found that the presence of the lubri ⁇ cant and surface conditioner caused the water to drain more uniformly from the cans, and that the cans remain "water-break" free for a longer time.
  • Example Group 5 This example illustrates the effect of the oven dryoff temperature on the side- wall strength of aluminum cans. This test is a quality control compression test which determines the column strength of the cans by measuring the pressure at which they buckle. The results are summarized in Table 6.
  • the higher column strength test results are preferred and often required be ⁇ cause the thin walls of the finished cans must withstand the pressure exerted from within after they are filled with a carbonated solution. Otherwise, cans having weak sidewalls will swell and deform or may easily rupture or even explode. It was found that the faster water film drainage resulting from the presence therein of the lubricant and surface conditioner composition of this invention makes it possible to lower the temperature of the drying ovens and in turn obtain higher column strength results. More specifically, in order to obtain adequate drying of the rinsed cans, the cans are allowed to drain briefly before entry into the drying ovens. The time that the cans reside in the drying ovens is typically between 2 and 3 minutes, dependent to some extent on the line speed, oven length, and oven temperature.
  • the oven temperature is typically about 227° C.
  • the rinse water contained about 0.3 % by weight of organic material to form a lubricant and surface conditioner of this in ⁇ vention, it was found that satisfactory drying of the cans could be obtained wherein the oven temperature was lowered to 204° C, and then to 188° C, and dry cans were still obtained.
  • Examples Group 6 Uncleaned aluminum cans from an industrial can manufacturer are washed clean in examples Type A with alkaline cleaner available from Parker+Amchem Di- vision, Henkel Corporation, Madison Heights, Michigan, employing the RidolineTM 3060/306 process and in Examples Type B with an acidic cleaner, RidolineTM 125 CO from the same company.
  • the cleaned cans are treated with a lubricant and surface conditioner comprised of about a 1 % by weight active organic (I) in deionized water as specified in Table 7 below.
  • the cleaned cans are treated with a reactive lubricant and surface conditioner comprised of about a 1% active organic (I) in deionized water plus about 2 g/L (0.2wt%) of the 5 inorganic (II) as specified in Table 7, below.
  • a reactive lubricant and surface conditioner comprised of about a 1% active organic (I) in deionized water plus about 2 g/L (0.2wt%) of the 5 inorganic (II) as specified in Table 7, below.
  • the cleaned cans are treated with a lubri ⁇ cant and surface conditioner comprised of about 1 % active organic (I) in deionized water plus about 0.5 % by weight of surfactant (IE) specified in Table 7 below.
  • the o cleaned cans are treated with a reactive lubricant and surface conditioner forming component, in deionized water, comprised of about 1 % active organic (I), about 0.2 % inorganic (II), about 0.5 % surfactant (IE) as specified in Table 7 below.
  • a reactive lubricant and surface conditioner forming component in deionized water, comprised of about 1 % active organic (I), about 0.2 % inorganic (II), about 0.5 % surfactant (IE) as specified in Table 7 below.
  • the COF produced on the surface is less than 1.5.
  • Foam heights were determined by placing 50 milliliters (hereinafter “mL”) of the process solution in a 100 mL stoppered graduated cylinder and shaking vigorous ⁇ ly for 10 seconds. The total volume of fluid, liquid plus foam, was determined im ⁇ mediately and after 5 minutes of standing. These "foam heights” will be referred to hereinafter as “IFH” (initial foam height) and “PFH” (persistent foam height) respectively.
  • IIFH initial foam height
  • PFH persistent foam height
  • the water break characteristics of cans treated with candidate final rinse mo ⁇ bility enhancers were evaluated by visually rating the amount of water- break on each of the four major surfaces of the can: interior dome and sidewall and exterior dome and sidewall. In this rating scheme a value of 2 is assigned to a com ⁇ pletely waterbreak free surface, zero to a completely waterbroken surface and inter ⁇ mediate values to waterbreaks in between. Four cans are evaluated in this way and the scores totaled to give a number between 32 and 0, the waterbreak free (WBF) rating number.
  • WBF waterbreak free
  • Stage 1 tap water, 54.4° C, 30 sec.
  • Stage 2 RIDOLINETM 124C, 15 mL Free Acid, 3.4 g total of surfactant, Fluoride Activity 10 to -20 mV in 10 mV increments, 60° C, 60 sec.
  • Stage 5 optional application of 0.4% ME-40TM, 20 sec. Stage 6 not used
  • Effectiveness of soil removal was measured by use of the "brightness tester.”
  • This device consisted of a power stabilized high intensity lamp and a fiber optic bundle conveying the light to the can surface.
  • the instrument is calibrated with a back silvered plane mirror to a measured reflectivity of 440. Once calibrated, the reflectivities of fourteen cans were measured and averaged. With this device it was possible to measure the overall interior reflectivity and exterior dome reflectivi- ty. Results are shown in Figures 1(a) - 1(d).
  • Stage 2 RIDOLINETM 124C, 15 mL Free Acid, 3.4 g/L total of surfactant, Fluoride Activity -10 mV, 90 sec, 54.4° C
  • Stage 3 deionized water, 150 sec. (ca. 17.7 L)
  • Stage 4 as noted in Table 8, 30 sec, 29.4° C temperature
  • MacamineTM SO was predissolved by adding 15 % isopropanol.
  • IgepalTM 430 or polyvinyl alcohol 1.6 g/L of IgepalTM CO-887 was added to obtain a homogeneous solution.
  • Results are shown in Table 8.
  • oxa-acid esters such as those identified in the table as OAE 1 - 4
  • are preferred lubricant and surface conditioner formers as are the ethoxylated castor oil derivatives and amine oxides with hydroxy- ethyl groups bonded to the amine oxide nitrogen, such as AromoxTM C/12 and T/12.
  • Quaternary ammonium salts such as the ETHOQUADTM materials exemplified in Table 7 are also in the preferred group.
  • the ethoxylated castor oil derivatives, amine oxides, and quaternary salts are all considered in more detail below.
  • the Stage 4 compositions were as shown in Table 9.
  • the experiment using TryloxTM 5921 included 0.2 g/L of IgepalTM CO-887 in an unsuccessful attempt to clarify the solution; a slight cloudiness persisted even in the presence of the cosur- factant.
  • Stage 2 RIDOLINE 124C, 15 mL Free Acid, 3.4 g/L of total surfactant, Fluoride Activity -10 mV, 60° C
  • PluronicTM L-61 (1:1) EthalTM OA-23 EthoxTM MI-14 EthoxTM MI-14 EthoxTM MI-10.5 NeodolTM 91-8 EthoxTM MI-14/
  • Some sur- factants were found that are better at promoting water drainage than the ethoxylated isostearic acids that are very effective in providing lubricant and surface conditioner films.
  • the surfactants that are exceptionally good at promoting water drain ⁇ age are much poorer than ethoxylated isostearic acids in reducing COF. Mixing the two types permits improvement in water drainage, while retaining the ability to achieve COF values that are adequate in many applications.
  • Stage 4 compositions were prepared either by dilution of concentrate or di ⁇ rectly from the ingredients.
  • the aluminum level i.e., the stoichiometric equivalent as alumin- um of the total of components (D) and (E) above
  • the pH, fluoride activity, and concentrations of other components varied with the particular experiment, as Table 12
  • the composition for Stage 2 contained (i) a commercially available sulfuric acid and surfactant cleaner (RIDOLINE® 124-C from P+A) at a concentration to give 3.4 grams per liter of total surfactant and (ii) hydrofluoric acid, and if needed, additional sulfuric acid to give a free acid value of 15 points and a fluoride ion activity reading of -10 mv, using the Orion instrument and associated electrodes as described in the main text above.
  • RIDOLINE® 124-C from P+A
  • the free acid points are determined by titrating a 10 mL sample of the composition, dissolved in about 100 ml of distilled water, with 0.10N NaOH so ⁇ lution, using a phenolphthalein indicator after dissolving a large excess of sodium fluoride (about 2 - 3 ml in bulk volume of powdered dry reagent) in the sample be ⁇ fore titrating.
  • the points of free acid are equal to the number of mL of titrant re ⁇ quired to reach a faint pink end point.
  • Cans washed and rinsed according to the six stage process described above were dried for 5 minutes at 150° C under normal conditions, except that when heat resistant mobility was being tested, the cans were subsequently placed in a 200° C oven for an additional 5 minutes. These conditions were identified as single and double baked cans, respectively.
  • component (A) as described above was Aromox® C/12, which according to its supplier is an amine oxide with a chemical structure represented by:
  • Cocoa-N(O)(CH 2 CH 2 OH) 2 where "Cocoa” represents the mixture of alkyl groups that would result by substitut ⁇ ing a -CH 2 - moiety for each -COOH moiety in the mixture of fatty acids obtained upon hydrolysis of natural coconut oil.
  • AO means "amine oxide", in this case Aromox® C/12.
  • Example and Comparison Example Group 7.7.2 In this group quaternary ammonium salts were used instead of the amine oxide in Group 1. The particular salts used are shown in Table 15. TABLE 15: QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS
  • Cocoa here means the same mix of alkyl groups as already noted in the main text, while “Tallow” means the same as “Cocoa” except that animal tallow is substituted for coconut oil in the definition given. " ⁇ ” represents a phenyl moiety.
  • Example and Comparison Example Group 7.7.3 In this group, only ETHOQUAD® T-13/50 was used as component (A), and only H 2 ZrF 6 was used as component (B).
  • the other variables investigated were H 2 ZrF 6 concentration, pH, and nitrate versus sulfate anions in solution. In order to adjust pH and free F, it was found advantageous to use sodium aluminate as a partial source of aluminum.
  • a preferred group of concentrates according to this embodiment of the inven ⁇ tion has the following compositions, with water forming the balance of each compo ⁇ sition not specified below:
  • the SURFYNOL® 104 noted above was added for its antifoam activity; it is a commercial product of Air Products and Chemicals Co. and is reported by its sup- plier to be 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol.
  • a working composition was prepared by adding 1 % of each of the above noted Make-Up Concentrates to de ⁇ ionized water, and the resulting solution, which had a pH within the range from 2.7 to 2.9 and a fluoride activity value between -60 and -80 mv relative to Standard So- lution 120E was used in stage 4 to treat commercially supplied D & I aluminum cans for mobility enhancement by spraying the cans for 25 sec at 43° C.
  • the resulting cans had COF-SB values in the range from 0.5 to 0.6 and dome staining resistance equal to that achieved with ALODINE® 404, particularly when the aluminum cation concentration in the treating composition was in the range from 100 - 300 ppm.
  • replenisher compositions as described above are added as needed to maintain the COF and dome staining resistance.
  • the can washing setup for this group of examples was: Stage 1 sulfuric acid, pH 2.0, 30 sec, 54.4° C
  • Dome staining was evaluated by first removing the domes from the treated cans with a can opener. The domes were then placed in a water bath containing 0.2 g/L of borax at 65.6° C for 30 minutes, then rinsed in deionized water and dried in an oven. Staining resistance was evaluated visually by comparison with known sat ⁇ isfactory and unsatisfactory standards. Results are shown in Table 20. The last two conditions shown in Table 20 are highly satisfactory with respect to both COF and dome staining resistance during pasteurization.
  • This group illustrates use with tin cans.
  • Three types of materials were tried as lubricant and surface conditioner forming and water drainage promoting agents for tin cans: (i) EthoxTM MI- 14; (ii) a combination of 1 part by weight of PluronicTM 31R1 and 4 parts by weight of PlurafacTM D25; and (iii) TergitolTM Min-FoamTM IX.
  • the EthoxTM, TergitolTM, and PlurafacTM products are ethoxylated fatty acids or alcohols, with a poly ⁇ propylene oxide ⁇ block cap on the end of the poly ⁇ ethylene oxide ⁇ block in some cases, while the PluronicTM is a block copolymer of ethylene and propylene oxides, with poly ⁇ propylene oxide ⁇ block caps on the ends of the pol ⁇ ymers. All were used at a concentration of 0.2 g L of active material with deionized water in a final rinse before drying, after an otherwise conventional tin can washing sequence. Water retention and COF values were measured as generally described above. Results are shown in Table 21.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
EP94907136A 1993-07-13 1994-01-04 Wässriges schmiermittel und oberflächebehandlungsmittel für gebildete metalloberflächen Withdrawn EP0708812A4 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/090,724 US5378379A (en) 1993-07-13 1993-07-13 Aqueous lubricant and surface conditioner, with improved storage stability and heat resistance, for metal surfaces
US90724 1993-07-13
US109791 1993-09-23
US08/109,791 US5458698A (en) 1987-06-01 1993-09-23 Aqueous lubricant and surface conditioner for formed metal surfaces
US143803 1993-10-27
US08/143,803 US5476601A (en) 1987-06-01 1993-10-27 Aqueous lubricant and surface conditioner for formed metal surfaces
PCT/US1994/000024 WO1995002660A1 (en) 1993-07-13 1994-01-04 Aqueous lubricant and surface conditioner for formed metal surfaces

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EP0708812A1 EP0708812A1 (de) 1996-05-01
EP0708812A4 true EP0708812A4 (de) 1998-01-28

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JP (1) JPH09500408A (de)
CN (2) CN1044716C (de)
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BR (1) BR9407122A (de)
CA (1) CA2166300C (de)
PL (1) PL180724B1 (de)
SG (1) SG79190A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1995002660A1 (de)

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US5935348A (en) * 1995-11-14 1999-08-10 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Composition and process for preventing corrosion and reducing friction on metallic surfaces
GB9625652D0 (en) * 1996-12-11 1997-01-29 Novamax Technologies Limited The treatment of aluminium surfaces
US6190738B1 (en) * 1999-04-07 2001-02-20 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Process for cleaning a metal container providing enhanced mobility
PT1177328E (pt) * 1999-05-11 2003-07-31 Ppg Ind Ohio Inc Processo para o tratamento de tubos continuos de folha metalica e produtos preparados com eles
JP4446233B2 (ja) * 2004-03-03 2010-04-07 ディップソール株式会社 ３価クロメート処理溶液用の皮膜総合摩擦係数低減剤、３価クロメート処理溶液及びその製造方法、並びに総合摩擦係数が低減した３価クロメート皮膜及びその製造方法
US20060042726A1 (en) * 2004-09-02 2006-03-02 General Electric Company Non-chrome passivation of steel
CN103619757B (zh) * 2011-06-23 2016-11-09 汉高股份有限及两合公司 基于锆的涂布组合物及涂布方法
AU2013309270B2 (en) 2012-08-29 2016-03-17 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Zirconium pretreatment compositions containing molybdenum, associated methods for treating metal substrates, and related coated metal substrates
CN104685099A (zh) 2012-08-29 2015-06-03 Ppg工业俄亥俄公司 含锂的锆预处理组合物,处理金属基材的相关方法,和相关的经涂覆的金属基材
CN104275121A (zh) * 2013-07-02 2015-01-14 江苏省海安石油化工厂 一种蓖麻油磷酸酯及其制作方法
US10435806B2 (en) 2015-10-12 2019-10-08 Prc-Desoto International, Inc. Methods for electrolytically depositing pretreatment compositions
RU2729485C1 (ru) 2016-08-24 2020-08-07 Ппг Индастриз Огайо, Инк. Железосодержащая композиция очистителя
CN115305159B (zh) * 2022-05-24 2024-05-07 西安优露清科技股份有限公司 一种硬质表面洗涤组合物及其制备方法
CN116751625B (zh) * 2023-07-10 2023-11-17 广东金湾高景太阳能科技有限公司 改善大尺寸硅片切割色差的金刚线切割液及其制备方法

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EP0708812A1 (de) 1996-05-01
PL180724B1 (en) 2001-03-30
CN1127010A (zh) 1996-07-17
CN1203265A (zh) 1998-12-30
JPH09500408A (ja) 1997-01-14
BR9407122A (pt) 1996-09-10
CN1066483C (zh) 2001-05-30
AU683047B2 (en) 1997-10-30
SG79190A1 (en) 2001-03-20
CA2166300C (en) 2003-10-21
WO1995002660A1 (en) 1995-01-26
PL312564A1 (en) 1996-04-29
CN1044716C (zh) 1999-08-18
AU6082094A (en) 1995-02-13
CA2166300A1 (en) 1995-01-26

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