EP0706695B1 - Load alternation counter - Google Patents

Load alternation counter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0706695B1
EP0706695B1 EP94925384A EP94925384A EP0706695B1 EP 0706695 B1 EP0706695 B1 EP 0706695B1 EP 94925384 A EP94925384 A EP 94925384A EP 94925384 A EP94925384 A EP 94925384A EP 0706695 B1 EP0706695 B1 EP 0706695B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
counter
piston
pressure
cylinder
load alternation
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EP94925384A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0706695A1 (en
Inventor
Jörg Hohmann
Frank Hohmann
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06M—COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06M1/00—Design features of general application
    • G06M1/08—Design features of general application for actuating the drive
    • G06M1/12—Design features of general application for actuating the drive by fluid means
    • G06M1/126—Design features of general application for actuating the drive by fluid means by hydraulic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B29/00—Accessories
    • B25B29/02—Bolt tensioners
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06M—COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06M1/00—Design features of general application
    • G06M1/04—Design features of general application for driving the stage of lowest order
    • G06M1/041—Design features of general application for driving the stage of lowest order for drum-type indicating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06M—COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06M1/00—Design features of general application
    • G06M1/08—Design features of general application for actuating the drive
    • G06M1/083—Design features of general application for actuating the drive by mechanical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06M—COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06M1/00—Design features of general application
    • G06M1/08—Design features of general application for actuating the drive
    • G06M1/12—Design features of general application for actuating the drive by fluid means
    • G06M1/123—Design features of general application for actuating the drive by fluid means by pneumatic means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a load change counter on a periodically pressurized hydraulic screw tensioning cylinder.
  • Screw tensioning cylinders have the task of applying a precisely specified pre-tensioning force to a screw bolt in order to be able to tighten or loosen the nut screwed onto the screw bolt.
  • the screw clamping cylinder is screwed onto the protruding thread above a nut and then the screw clamping cylinder is put under hydraulic pressure.
  • the bolt is stretched by lengths.
  • the forces applied to the bolts are extremely high, which places high demands on the bolt tensioning cylinder and its individual parts.
  • the aim is to replace the parts at risk of fatigue fracture before such a fatigue fracture can occur. This also applies to the premature replacement of other wear parts, such as. B. the seals.
  • German Offenlegungsschrift 35 12 568 describes a stroke counter for parts moved to and fro, such as piston rods and press rams, which has a sensor arrangement which responds to the moving part moving past and which has two sensors arranged at a distance in the direction of movement, both of which lie within the stroke interval that with an associated evaluation circuit cooperate in such a way that it only runs through the output signal of one of the sensors for counting the strokes and only if the output signal of the other sensor has previously been received.
  • This arrangement serves to achieve a reliable counting of strokes, even if the stroke fluctuates due to varying movement conditions of the reciprocating part, e.g. B. changing friction or different sizes of loads that are driven by the part.
  • the two sensors of the sensor arrangement are arranged away from both ends of the stroke in an area of the working stroke which is surely traversed even when the movement conditions fluctuate. This means that no strokes are lost when counting. Since this known stroke counter does not record the load conditions, but is expressly designed to count each stroke, even if the stroke fluctuates, empty strokes are also counted in these known stroke counters, but these are of no importance with regard to monitoring for fatigue fracture or the wear of seals .
  • the known stroke counter is less suitable as a load change counter for actuating devices of the type mentioned at the outset, since more strokes are counted with this stroke counter than for the replacement of highly stressed individual parts in order to prevent fatigue breakage, so that they actually have to be counted when using the known stroke counter, these parts are replaced in general and unnecessarily too early.
  • EP-A3-0 224 467 a pressure pulse operated mechanical counter is described which reduces the Input pressure pulses to an output acted upon by the input pulse when the check valve is open.
  • An actuating piston which is moved back and forth by input pressure pulses is provided, which can be displaced against the force of a spring and has saw-tooth-like groove walls on a concentric annular groove.
  • switching pins On a component which is fixed in relation to the actuating piston in the direction of its movement, switching pins which cooperate with the teeth of the annular groove and which convert the back and forth movement of the actuating piston into a gradual relative rotation between the two components are provided.
  • a check valve attached to the actuating piston is opened in a defined relative position of the two components, which are gradually rotated relative to one another.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a load change counter that simply counts the pressure loads to be considered for the replacement of fatigue-endangered, highly stressed individual parts in order to be able to determine after a predeterminable number of load changes, replace heavily used parts.
  • a load change counter which, according to the invention, has a cylinder connected via a pressure connection to the pressurization of the actuating device, a piston arranged in a sealed manner in the cylinder and displaceable against the force of a compression spring, and a counter which can be advanced by the axial piston movement and which has a numerical display of the counted piston movements , wherein the spring is dimensioned with respect to the piston surface so that a switching of the Counter without counting idle strokes only above a predetermined pressure, has.
  • the counter is thus coupled to the piston via a mechanism which converts the linear movement of the piston into a cyclical rotary movement of the counter via a spring element which is designed in accordance with the piston diameter and the hydraulic pressure.
  • the periodic pressurization of the actuating device which is to be monitored, is used to displace the piston, which is arranged in a sealed manner in the cylinder, above a specifiable pressure.
  • the axial piston movement causes a switching of the counter, so that each actuation of the actuator above a predetermined pressure, for. B. every time a bolt is tightened by means of a screw tensioning cylinder, the counter is switched on.
  • the piston can have a V-groove on its end face facing the counter and the counter can have a corresponding driver wedge rotated with respect to the V-groove, whereby the driver wedge is rotated by one counting unit of the counter by each axial movement of the piston.
  • the indexing can be achieved particularly easily by the axial piston movement if the driver wedge is rotated by about 36 ° with respect to the V-groove, which corresponds to a division of ten on the circumference of a counting disc for the counting units of the counter, and the counter via a resilient one Pawl continues to turn.
  • the load change counter has a solid, one-piece housing.
  • the piston can be designed in two parts, one part of which is guided in a sealed manner in a bore in a housing and rests with a collar on a surface of a housing recess, while the other part has the V-groove, coaxially secured against rotation guided in the housing and arranged coaxially to the counter arranged in a further housing recess and readable via a side viewing window.
  • a spring element can be arranged between the collar and a housing surface of the recess, which returns the piston to its original position when pressure relief occurs.
  • the housing recess, through which the second part of the piston is guided, can have a lateral opening for inserting the compression spring and parallel end faces for engaging the piston collar and the compression spring. Furthermore, the housing recess for the counter can have an end opening and a coaxial bore for inserting the second part of the piston and the counter, and the second part of the piston can be secured against rotation by a screw or pin engaging radially in a longitudinal groove.
  • the load change counter according to the invention is an autonomous unit and is therefore particularly advantageously also suitable for retrofitting existing screw tensioning cylinders.
  • the load change counter has a solid, rectangular housing 1, which is provided with a longitudinal bore 2, which serves as a cylinder bore.
  • a transverse bore 3 serves as a pressure connection to a periodically pressurized actuating device, in particular to a hydraulic screw tensioning cylinder for tightening and loosening large screws, which is not shown in detail.
  • a recess 4 is machined into the side of the housing 1 and has parallel end faces 5, 6 which are perpendicular to the axis of the longitudinal bore 2.
  • the longitudinal bore 2 continues in a coaxial bore 7, which merges into an enlarged axial bore, which represents a recess 8 for a counter 18 inserted therein.
  • the recess is provided with a side viewing window 9 for reading the counter 18.
  • a first piston part 10 is guided in a sealed manner by means of a seal 11; in the rest position shown in FIG. 1, a collar 12 rests on the first piston part 10 on the end face 5.
  • a second piston part 13, which is screwed to the first piston part 10, coaxially crosses the first piston part 10 through the Recess 4 and is guided through the bore 7.
  • This second piston part 13 is encompassed by a compression spring 14 which is supported on the one hand on the collar 12 and on the other hand on the end face 6 of the recess 4. This compression spring 14 serves to guide the piston parts 10 and 13 into the position shown in FIG. 1 when the bore 2 is relieved of pressure.
  • the piston part 13 is guided in the housing 1 against rotation.
  • the piston part 13 has a longitudinal groove 15, in which a screw 16 engages radially.
  • a V-groove 17 is arranged on the end face of the piston part 13.
  • the counter 18 coaxially has a driver wedge 19 corresponding to the V-groove 17, which cooperates with the V-groove 17.
  • the counter 18 is screwed to the housing 1 by means of a flange 20.
  • a guide pin 21 on the driver wedge 19 engages in a bore in the piston part 13 and serves to guide the driver wedge 19.
  • the driver wedge 19 is rotated relative to the V-groove 17 due to the manufacturing tolerances by approximately 36 °, preferably somewhat more than 36 °, in order to ensure that the counter disk of the counter is reliably advanced by a counting unit. If the bore 2 is pressurized via the transverse bore 3 when the screw tensioning cylinder, not shown, is placed under hydraulic pressure for tensioning a screw bolt, the piston part 1 with the piston part 13 moves into the position shown in FIG. 2. This causes the driving wedge 19 to be rotated by approximately 36 ° and thus the indexing disk of the counter to be advanced by a counting unit. After the piston parts 10, 13 have returned to the position shown in FIG. 1 after the bore 2 has been relieved of pressure, the driver wedge 19 is turned back into the position shown in FIG. 1 by a spring in the counter 18, the single disk and the remaining disks of the counter remain in their position, since the driving wedge 19 with the counter via a resilient Jack ratchet is coupled. The next counting process can thus be carried out again by pressurizing the bore 2.
  • Fig. 3 it can be seen how the counter 18 can be read through the viewing window 9, which may optionally have a glass protective pane.
  • the piston part 10 with its seal 11 is first inserted into the bore 2. This hole is accessible via the recess 4 from the side. Then the compression spring 14 is also inserted into the recess 4 from the side.
  • This compression spring can optionally be surrounded by a protective jacket and can be designed as a cylindrical coil spring or as a plate spring assembly or as a rubber block.
  • the second piston part 13 is inserted from the end face of the housing 1 through the recess 8 into the bore 7 and screwed to the first piston part 10.
  • the piston part 13 is secured against rotation by screwing in the screw 16 which engages in the groove 15.
  • the counter 18 is also inserted into the recess 8 from the end face of the housing 1 and screwed to the housing 1 by means of a flange 20 arranged on the counter 18. According to this, the load change counter only needs to be connected via the transverse bore 3 to the pressurized actuating device, in particular a hydraulic screw tensioning cylinder, in order to be ready for operation.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP94/02444 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 26, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 26, 1996 PCT Filed Jul. 23, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/03592 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 2, 1995A load alternation counting device for an actuation device that is periodically hydraulically loaded has a cylinder and a piston sealingly positioned within the cylinder and axially displaceable therein. A pressure connector is provided for connecting the cylinder to a hydraulic loading device of the actuation device such that the piston is axially loaded when hydraulic loading of the actuation device occurs. A counter is switchable by an axial displacement of the piston within the cylinder. A spring for biasing the piston in a direction away from the counter is provided. The spring has a spring force such that switching of the counter by the axial displacement of the piston occurs only when a preset hydraulic pressure is surpassed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Lastwechselzähler an einem periodisch druckbeaufschlagten hydraulischen Schraubenspannzylinder. Schraubenspannzylinder haben die Aufgabe, eine genau vorgegebene Vorspannkraft auf einen Schraubenbolzen aufzubringen, um die auf dem Schraubenbolzen angeschraubte Mutter anziehen oder lösen zu können. Hierzu wird der Schraubenspannzylinder auf das überstehende Gewinde oberhalb einer Mutter aufgeschraubt und danach der Schraubenspannzylinder unter hydraulischen Druck gesetzt. Das hat zur Folge, daß der Schraubenbolzen durch Längen gespannt wird. Die dabei auf die Schraubenbolzen aufgebrachten Kräfte sind außerordentlich hoch, wodurch der Schraubenspannzylinder und dessen Einzelteile sehr hoch beansprucht werden. Um zu vermeiden, daß diese hochbeanspruchten Einzelteile beim Spannen eines Schraubenbolzens brechen, weil wegen Überschreiten der von diesem Teil aufnehmbaren Lastwechselzahl ein Ermüdungsbruch eintritt, wird angestrebt, die durch Ermüdungsbruch gefährdeten Teile auszuwechseln, bevor ein solcher Ermüdungsbruch eintreten kann. Dieses trifft auch für das vorzeitige auswechseln anderer Verschleißteile zu, wie z. B. die Dichtungen.The invention relates to a load change counter on a periodically pressurized hydraulic screw tensioning cylinder. Screw tensioning cylinders have the task of applying a precisely specified pre-tensioning force to a screw bolt in order to be able to tighten or loosen the nut screwed onto the screw bolt. For this purpose, the screw clamping cylinder is screwed onto the protruding thread above a nut and then the screw clamping cylinder is put under hydraulic pressure. As a result, the bolt is stretched by lengths. The forces applied to the bolts are extremely high, which places high demands on the bolt tensioning cylinder and its individual parts. In order to avoid that these highly stressed individual parts break when a bolt is tightened because a fatigue fracture occurs because the number of load cycles that can be absorbed by this part is exceeded, the aim is to replace the parts at risk of fatigue fracture before such a fatigue fracture can occur. This also applies to the premature replacement of other wear parts, such as. B. the seals.

In der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 35 12 568 ist demgegenüber ein Hubzähler für hin- und herbewegte Teile wie Kolbenstangen, Preßstempel beschrieben, die eine auf das Vorbeilaufen des bewegten Teiles ansprechende Fühleranordnung aus zwei in Bewegungsrichtung unter Abstand angeordneten Fühlern, die beide innerhalb des Hubintervalles liegen, aufweist, die mit einer damit verbundenen Auswerteschaltung zusammenwirken, die so wirkt, daß sie nur das Ausgangssignal eines der Fühler zum Zählen der Hübe durchlaufen läßt und zwar nur dann, wenn zuvor das Ausgangssignal des anderen Fühlers erhalten wurde.In contrast, German Offenlegungsschrift 35 12 568 describes a stroke counter for parts moved to and fro, such as piston rods and press rams, which has a sensor arrangement which responds to the moving part moving past and which has two sensors arranged at a distance in the direction of movement, both of which lie within the stroke interval that with an associated evaluation circuit cooperate in such a way that it only runs through the output signal of one of the sensors for counting the strokes and only if the output signal of the other sensor has previously been received.

Diese Anordnung dient dazu, ein zuverlässiges Zählen von Hüben zu erreichen, auch wenn der Hub infolge variierender Bewegungsbedingungen des hin- und herbewegtes Teiles schwankt, z. B. sich ändernden Reibungsverhältnissen oder unterschiedlich großen Lasten, die durch das Teil angetrieben werden. Zu diesem Zweck sind die beiden Fühler der Fühleranordnung von beiden Hubenden entfernt in einen Bereich des Arbeitshubes angeordnet, der auch bei Schwankungen der Bewegungsbedingungen mit Sicherheit durchquert wird. Damit gehen keine Hübe bei der Zählung verloren. Da dieser bekannte Hubzähler die Belastungsbedingungen nicht erfaßt, sondern ausdrücklich darauf angelegt ist, jeden Hub zu zählen, auch wenn der Hubweg schwankt, werden bei diesen bekannten Hubzählern auch Leerhübe mitgezählt, die jedoch hinsichtlich der Überwachung auf Ermüdungsbruch oder dem Verschleiß von Dichtungen keine Bedeutung haben. Aus diesem Grunde ist der bekannte Hubzähler als Lastwechselzähler für Betätigungsvorrichtungen der eingangs erwähnten Art weniger geeignet, da mit diesem Hubzähler mehr Hübe gezählt werden, als für das Auswechseln von hoch beanspruchten Einzelteilen, um einem Ermüdungsbruch zuvor zu kommen, tatsächlich gezählt werden müssen, so daß bei Verwendung des bekannten Hubzählers ein Auswechseln dieser Teile im allgemeinen und unnötigerweise zu früh erfolgt.This arrangement serves to achieve a reliable counting of strokes, even if the stroke fluctuates due to varying movement conditions of the reciprocating part, e.g. B. changing friction or different sizes of loads that are driven by the part. For this purpose, the two sensors of the sensor arrangement are arranged away from both ends of the stroke in an area of the working stroke which is surely traversed even when the movement conditions fluctuate. This means that no strokes are lost when counting. Since this known stroke counter does not record the load conditions, but is expressly designed to count each stroke, even if the stroke fluctuates, empty strokes are also counted in these known stroke counters, but these are of no importance with regard to monitoring for fatigue fracture or the wear of seals . For this reason, the known stroke counter is less suitable as a load change counter for actuating devices of the type mentioned at the outset, since more strokes are counted with this stroke counter than for the replacement of highly stressed individual parts in order to prevent fatigue breakage, so that they actually have to be counted when using the known stroke counter, these parts are replaced in general and unnecessarily too early.

In der EP-A3-0 224 467 ist ein druckimpulsbetätigter mechanischer Zähler beschrieben, der eine Untersetzung der Eingangs-Druckimpulse zu einem bei geöffnetem Rückschlagventil vom Eingangsimpuls beaufschlagten Ausgang hin bewirken soll. Es ist ein durch Eingangs-Druckimpulse hin- und herbewegter Betätigungskolben vorgesehen, der gegen die Kraft einer Feder verschiebbar ist und an einer konzentrischen Ringnut sägezahnartig ausgeführte Nutwände aufweist. An einem gegenüber dem Betätigungskolben in dessen Bewegungsrichtung feststehenden Bauteil, sind mit den Zägezähnen der Ringnut zusammenwirkende Schaltstifte vorgesehen, die die Hin- und Hinbewegung des Betätigungskolbens in eine schrittweise Relativverdrehung zwischen den beiden Bauteilen umsetzen.In EP-A3-0 224 467 a pressure pulse operated mechanical counter is described which reduces the Input pressure pulses to an output acted upon by the input pulse when the check valve is open. An actuating piston which is moved back and forth by input pressure pulses is provided, which can be displaced against the force of a spring and has saw-tooth-like groove walls on a concentric annular groove. On a component which is fixed in relation to the actuating piston in the direction of its movement, switching pins which cooperate with the teeth of the annular groove and which convert the back and forth movement of the actuating piston into a gradual relative rotation between the two components are provided.

Ein am Betätigungskolben angebrachtes Rückschlagventil wird in einer definierten Relativstellung der beiden schrittweise gegeneinander verdrehten Bauteile geöffnet.A check valve attached to the actuating piston is opened in a defined relative position of the two components, which are gradually rotated relative to one another.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Lastwechselzähler zu schaffen, der nur die für das Auswechseln von durch Ermüdungsbruch gefährdeten, hoch beanspruchten Einzelteilen in Betracht zu ziehenden Druckbelastungen auf einfache Weise zählt, um die Möglichkeit zu haben, nach einer vorgebbaren Anzahl von Lastwechseln bestimmte, hoch beanspruchte Teile auszuwechseln.The invention has for its object to provide a load change counter that simply counts the pressure loads to be considered for the replacement of fatigue-endangered, highly stressed individual parts in order to be able to determine after a predeterminable number of load changes, replace heavily used parts.

Diese Aufgabe wind durch einen Lastwechselzähler nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen finden sich in den Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved by a load change counter according to claim 1. Advantageous further developments can be found in the subclaims.

Ausgehend von dieser Aufgabenstellung wird ein Lastwechselzähler vorgeschlagen, der erfindungsgemäß einen über einen Druckanschluß mit der Druckbeaufschlagung der Betätigungsvorrichtung verbundenen Zylinder, einen im Zylinder abgedichtet angeordneten, gegen die Kraft einer Druckfeder verschiebbaren Kolben und ein durch die axiale Kolbenbewegung weiterschaltbares Zählwerk mit einer Ziffernanzeige der gezählten Kolbenbewegungen, wobei die Feder mit Bezug auf die Kolbenfläche so bemessen ist, daß ein Weiterschalten des Zählwerks ohne Zählen von Leerhüben nur oberhalb eines vorgebbaren Drucks erfolgt, aufweist. Das Zählwerk ist mit dem Kolben somit über einen Mechanismus gekoppelt, der die Linearbewegung des Kolbens in eine taktmäßige Drehbewegung des Zählwerks über ein Federelement, das entsprechend dem Kolbendurchmesser und dem hydraulischen Druck ausgelegt ist, umwandelt.Based on this task, a load change counter is proposed which, according to the invention, has a cylinder connected via a pressure connection to the pressurization of the actuating device, a piston arranged in a sealed manner in the cylinder and displaceable against the force of a compression spring, and a counter which can be advanced by the axial piston movement and which has a numerical display of the counted piston movements , wherein the spring is dimensioned with respect to the piston surface so that a switching of the Counter without counting idle strokes only above a predetermined pressure, has. The counter is thus coupled to the piston via a mechanism which converts the linear movement of the piston into a cyclical rotary movement of the counter via a spring element which is designed in accordance with the piston diameter and the hydraulic pressure.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Lastwechselzähler wird die periodische Druckbeaufschlagung der Betätigungsvorrichtung, die zu überwachen ist, dazu benutzt, um oberhalb eines vorgebbaren Drucks den im Zylinder abgedichtet angeordneten Kolben zu verschieben. Die axiale Kolbenbewegung bewirkt ein Weiterschalten des Zählwerks, so daß jede Beaufschlagung der Betätigungsvorrichtung oberhalb eines vorgebbaren Drucks, z. B. jedes Mal, wenn mittels eines Schraubenspannzylinders ein Schraubenbolzen gespannt wird, das Zählwerk weitergeschaltet wird.In the load change counter according to the invention, the periodic pressurization of the actuating device, which is to be monitored, is used to displace the piston, which is arranged in a sealed manner in the cylinder, above a specifiable pressure. The axial piston movement causes a switching of the counter, so that each actuation of the actuator above a predetermined pressure, for. B. every time a bolt is tightened by means of a screw tensioning cylinder, the counter is switched on.

Bevorzugterweise kann der Kolben an seiner dem Zählwerk zugewandten Stirnseite eine V-Nut und das Zählwerk einen gegenüber V-Nut verdrehten, entsprechenden Mitnehmerkeil aufweisen, wodurch der Mitnehmerkeil durch jede Axialbewegung des Kolbens um eine Zähleinheit des Zählwerks weitergedreht wird.Preferably, the piston can have a V-groove on its end face facing the counter and the counter can have a corresponding driver wedge rotated with respect to the V-groove, whereby the driver wedge is rotated by one counting unit of the counter by each axial movement of the piston.

Besonders einfach läßt sich das Weiterschalten des Zählwerks durch die axiale Kolbenbewegung erreichen, wenn der Mitnehmerkeil gegenüber der V-Nut um etwa 36° verdreht ist, was einer Zehnerteilung auf dem Umfang einer Zählscheibe für die Zähleinheiten des Zählwerks entspricht, und das Zählwerk über ein federndes Klinkengesperre weiterdreht. Auf diese Weise wird die Einerscheibe des Zählwerks bei jedem Hub des Kolbens um eine Zähleinheit weitergeschaltet und springt, nachdem der Kolben nach der Druckentlastung in seine Ursprungsstellung zurückgekehrt ist, unter Federeinwirkung um etwa 36° zurück, so daß beim nächsten Kolben erneut eine Weiterschaltung um eine Zähleinheit bewirkt wird.The indexing can be achieved particularly easily by the axial piston movement if the driver wedge is rotated by about 36 ° with respect to the V-groove, which corresponds to a division of ten on the circumference of a counting disc for the counting units of the counter, and the counter via a resilient one Pawl continues to turn. In this way, the unit disk of the counter with each stroke of the Piston advanced by one counting unit and, after the piston has returned to its original position after the pressure relief, jumps back under spring action by about 36 °, so that the next piston is switched on again by a counting unit.

Wegen der hohen Drücke weist der erfindungsgemäße Lastwechselzähler ein massives, einstückiges Gehäuse auf. Um eine einfache Montage durchführen zu können, kann der Kolben zweiteilig ausgeführt sein, wovon der eine Teil abgedichtet in einer Bohrung eines Gehäuses geführt ist und mit einem Bund an einer Fläche einer Gehäuseausnehmung anliegt, während der andere Teil die V-Nut aufweist, koaxial drehgesichert im Gehäuse geführt und koaxial zum in einer weiteren Gehäuseausnehmung angeordneten, über ein seitliches Sichtfenster ablesbaren Zählwerk angeordnet ist. Dabei kann ein Federelement zwischen dem Bund und einer Gehäusefläche der Ausnehmung angeordnet sein, die den Kolben in seine Ursprungsstellung zurückführt, wenn Druckentlastung eintritt.Because of the high pressures, the load change counter according to the invention has a solid, one-piece housing. In order to be able to carry out simple assembly, the piston can be designed in two parts, one part of which is guided in a sealed manner in a bore in a housing and rests with a collar on a surface of a housing recess, while the other part has the V-groove, coaxially secured against rotation guided in the housing and arranged coaxially to the counter arranged in a further housing recess and readable via a side viewing window. A spring element can be arranged between the collar and a housing surface of the recess, which returns the piston to its original position when pressure relief occurs.

Die Gehäuseausnehmung, durch die der zweite Teil des Kolbens geführt ist, kann eine seitliche Öffnung zum Einsetzen der Druckfeder und parallele Endflächen zur Anlage des Kolbenbundes und der Druckfeder aufweisen. Des weiteren kann die Gehäuseausnehmung für das Zählwerk eine stirnseitige Öffnung und eine koaxiale Bohrung zum Einsetzen des zweiten Teils des Kolbens und des Zählwerks aufweisen und kann der zweite Teil des Kolbens durch eine in eine Längsnut radial eingreifende Schraube oder einen Stift drehgesichert sein.The housing recess, through which the second part of the piston is guided, can have a lateral opening for inserting the compression spring and parallel end faces for engaging the piston collar and the compression spring. Furthermore, the housing recess for the counter can have an end opening and a coaxial bore for inserting the second part of the piston and the counter, and the second part of the piston can be secured against rotation by a screw or pin engaging radially in a longitudinal groove.

Der erfindungsgemäße Lastwechselzähler stellt eine autonome Einheit dar und ist daher besonderes vorteilhaft auch zum Nachrüsten vorhandener Schraubenspannzylinder geeignet.The load change counter according to the invention is an autonomous unit and is therefore particularly advantageously also suitable for retrofitting existing screw tensioning cylinders.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels des näheren erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch den Lastwechselzähler in der Ruhestellung ohne Druckbeaufschlagung,
Fig. 2
einen teilweisen Längsschnitt durch den Wechselzähler bei Druckbeaufschlagung und
Fig. 3
eine Teilansicht des Lastwechselzählers mit Darstellung des Zählwerks in einem Sichtfenster des Gehäuses.
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. The drawing shows:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through the load change counter in the rest position without pressurization,
Fig. 2
a partial longitudinal section through the alternating counter when pressurized and
Fig. 3
a partial view of the load change counter showing the counter in a window of the housing.

Der erfindungsgemäße Lastwechselzähler weist ein massives, quaderförmiges Gehäuse 1 auf, das mit einer Längsbohrung 2 versehen ist, die als Zylinderbohrung dient. Eine Querbohrung 3 dient als Druckanschluß an eine periodisch druckbeaufschlagte Betätigungsvorrichtung, insbesondere an einen hydraulischen Schraubenspannzylinder zum Anziehen und Lösen von großen Schrauben, der im einzelnen nicht dargestellt ist.The load change counter according to the invention has a solid, rectangular housing 1, which is provided with a longitudinal bore 2, which serves as a cylinder bore. A transverse bore 3 serves as a pressure connection to a periodically pressurized actuating device, in particular to a hydraulic screw tensioning cylinder for tightening and loosening large screws, which is not shown in detail.

Eine Ausnehmung 4 ist seitlich in das Gehäuse 1 eingearbeitet und weist parallele Endflächen 5, 6 auf, die senkrecht zur Achse der Längsbohrung 2 stehen. Die Längsbohrung 2 setzt sich in einer koaxialen Bohrung 7 fort, die in eine vergrößerte Axialbohrung übergeht, die eine Ausnehmung 8 für ein darin eingesetztes Zählwerk 18 darstellt. Die Ausnehmung ist mit einem seitlichen Sichtfenster 9 zum Ablesen des Zählwerks 18 versehen. In der Längsbohrung 2 ist ein erster Kolbenteil 10 mittels einer Dichtung 11 abgedichtet geführt, in der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ruhestellung liegt ein Bund 12 am ersten Kolbenteil 10 an der Endfläche 5 an. Ein zweiter Kolbenteil 13, der mit dem ersten Kolbenteil 10 verschraubt ist, durchquert koaxial zum ersten Kolbenteil 10 die Ausnehmung 4 und ist durch die Bohrung 7 geführt. Dieser zweite Kolbenteil 13 wird von einer Druckfeder 14 umgriffen, die sich einerseits am Bund 12 und andererseits an der Endfläche 6 der Ausnehmung 4 abstützt. Diese Druckfeder 14 dient dazu, die Kolbenteile 10 und 13 bei Druckentlastung der Bohrung 2 in die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Stellung zu führen.A recess 4 is machined into the side of the housing 1 and has parallel end faces 5, 6 which are perpendicular to the axis of the longitudinal bore 2. The longitudinal bore 2 continues in a coaxial bore 7, which merges into an enlarged axial bore, which represents a recess 8 for a counter 18 inserted therein. The recess is provided with a side viewing window 9 for reading the counter 18. In the longitudinal bore 2, a first piston part 10 is guided in a sealed manner by means of a seal 11; in the rest position shown in FIG. 1, a collar 12 rests on the first piston part 10 on the end face 5. A second piston part 13, which is screwed to the first piston part 10, coaxially crosses the first piston part 10 through the Recess 4 and is guided through the bore 7. This second piston part 13 is encompassed by a compression spring 14 which is supported on the one hand on the collar 12 and on the other hand on the end face 6 of the recess 4. This compression spring 14 serves to guide the piston parts 10 and 13 into the position shown in FIG. 1 when the bore 2 is relieved of pressure.

Der Kolbenteil 13 ist im Gehäuse 1 drehgesichert geführt. Hierzu weist der Kolbenteil 13 eine Längsnut 15 auf, in die eine Schraube 16 radial eingreift.The piston part 13 is guided in the housing 1 against rotation. For this purpose, the piston part 13 has a longitudinal groove 15, in which a screw 16 engages radially.

Eine V-Nut 17 ist an der Stirnseite des Kolbenteils 13 angeordnet. Das Zählwerk 18 weist koaxial einen der V-Nut 17 entsprechenden Mitnehmerkeil 19 auf, der mit der V-Nut 17 zusammenwirkt. Das Zählwerk 18 ist mittels eines Flansches 20 mit dem Gehäuse 1 verschraubt. Ein Führungsstift 21 am Mitnehmerkeil 19 greift in eine Bohrung des Kolbenteils 13 ein und dient zur Führung des Mitnehmerkeils 19.A V-groove 17 is arranged on the end face of the piston part 13. The counter 18 coaxially has a driver wedge 19 corresponding to the V-groove 17, which cooperates with the V-groove 17. The counter 18 is screwed to the housing 1 by means of a flange 20. A guide pin 21 on the driver wedge 19 engages in a bore in the piston part 13 and serves to guide the driver wedge 19.

Der Mitnehmerkeil 19 ist gegenüber der V-Nut 17 aufgrund der Fertigungstoleranzen um etwa 36°, vorzugsweise etwas mehr als 36° verdreht, um mit Sicherheit ein Weiterschalten der Einerscheibe des Zählwerks um eine Zähleinheit zu erreichen. Wird die Bohrung 2 über die Querbohrung 3 druckbeaufschlagt, wenn der nicht dargestellte Schraubenspannzylinder zum Spannen eines Schraubenbolzens unter hydraulischen Druck gesetzt wird, verschiebt sich der Kolbenteil 1 mit dem Kolbenteil 13 in die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Stellung. Dies bewirkt ein Verdrehen des Mitnehmerkeils 19 um etwa 36° und damit ein Weiterschalten der Einerscheibe des Zählwerks um eine Zähleinheit. Nachdem die Kolbenteile 10, 13 nach einer Druckentlastung der Bohrung 2 in die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Stellung zurückgelangt sind, wird der Mitnehmerkeil 19 durch eine Feder im Zählwerk 18 in die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Stellung zurückgedreht, wobei die Einerscheibe und die übrigen Scheiben des Zählwerks in ihrer Stellung verharren, da der Mitnehmerkeil 19 mit dem Zählwerk über ein federndes Klinkengesperre gekuppelt ist. Somit kann der nächste Zählvorgang durch Druckbeaufschlagung der Bohrung 2 wieder erfolgen.The driver wedge 19 is rotated relative to the V-groove 17 due to the manufacturing tolerances by approximately 36 °, preferably somewhat more than 36 °, in order to ensure that the counter disk of the counter is reliably advanced by a counting unit. If the bore 2 is pressurized via the transverse bore 3 when the screw tensioning cylinder, not shown, is placed under hydraulic pressure for tensioning a screw bolt, the piston part 1 with the piston part 13 moves into the position shown in FIG. 2. This causes the driving wedge 19 to be rotated by approximately 36 ° and thus the indexing disk of the counter to be advanced by a counting unit. After the piston parts 10, 13 have returned to the position shown in FIG. 1 after the bore 2 has been relieved of pressure, the driver wedge 19 is turned back into the position shown in FIG. 1 by a spring in the counter 18, the single disk and the remaining disks of the counter remain in their position, since the driving wedge 19 with the counter via a resilient Jack ratchet is coupled. The next counting process can thus be carried out again by pressurizing the bore 2.

In Fig. 3 ist ersichtlich, wie sich das Zählwerk 18 durch das Sichtfenster 9, das gegebenenfalls eine Glasschutzscheibe aufweisen kann, ablesen läßt.In Fig. 3 it can be seen how the counter 18 can be read through the viewing window 9, which may optionally have a glass protective pane.

Zur Montage des Lastwechselzählers wird als erstes der Kolbenteil 10 mit seiner Dichtung 11 in die Bohrung 2 eingesetzt. Diese Bohrung ist über die Ausnehmung 4 von der Seite her zugänglich. Danach wird die Druckfeder 14 ebenfalls von der Seite in die Ausnehmung 4 eingeführt. Diese Druckfeder kann ggf. von einem Schutzmantel umgeben sein und als zylindrische Schraubenfeder oder als Tellerfederpaket oder als Gummiblock ausgebildet sein.To assemble the load change counter, the piston part 10 with its seal 11 is first inserted into the bore 2. This hole is accessible via the recess 4 from the side. Then the compression spring 14 is also inserted into the recess 4 from the side. This compression spring can optionally be surrounded by a protective jacket and can be designed as a cylindrical coil spring or as a plate spring assembly or as a rubber block.

Anschließend wird der zweite Kolbenteil 13 von der Stirnseite des Gehäuses 1 her durch die Ausnehmung 8 hindurch in die Bohrung 7 eingeführt und mit dem ersten Kolbenteil 10 verschraubt. In der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Stellung wird der Kolbenteil 13 durch Einschrauben der Schraube 16, die in die Nut 15 eingreift, drehgesichert. Schließlich wird das Zählwerk 18 ebenfalls von der Stirnseite des Gehäuses 1 her in die Ausnehmung 8 eingeschoben und mittels eines am Zählwerk 18 angeordneten Flanschs 20 mit dem Gehäuse 1 verschraubt. Hiernach braucht der Lastwechselzähler nur noch über die Querbohrung 3 mit der druckbeaufschlagten Betätigungsvorrichtung, insbesondere einem hydraulischen Schraubenspannzylinder verbunden zu werden, um betriebsbereit zu sein.Then the second piston part 13 is inserted from the end face of the housing 1 through the recess 8 into the bore 7 and screwed to the first piston part 10. In the position shown in FIG. 1, the piston part 13 is secured against rotation by screwing in the screw 16 which engages in the groove 15. Finally, the counter 18 is also inserted into the recess 8 from the end face of the housing 1 and screwed to the housing 1 by means of a flange 20 arranged on the counter 18. According to this, the load change counter only needs to be connected via the transverse bore 3 to the pressurized actuating device, in particular a hydraulic screw tensioning cylinder, in order to be ready for operation.

Claims (7)

  1. Load alternation counter on a hydraulic screw tightening cylinder periodically acted on by pressure for tightening and loosening large screws, with
    - a cylinder (2) connected via a pressure connection (3) to the pressure supply means of the actuating device,
    - a piston (10, 13) arranged in sealing fashion in the cylinder (2) and displaceable against the force of a pressure spring (14), and
    - a counter (18) which can be advanced by the axial piston movement, with a numerical display of the counted piston movements, with
    - the spring (14) being sized relative to the piston surface such that advancing of the counter (18) without counting idle strokes is only effected above a pre-settable pressure.
  2. A load alternation counter according to Claim 1, characterised in that the piston (10, 13) has on its end face facing the counter (18) a V-groove (17) and the counter (18) has a corresponding driving key (19) which is rotated relative to the V-groove (17), which turns the driving key (19) further by one counting unit of the counter (18) by each axial movement of the piston (10, 13).
  3. A load alternation counter according to Claim 2, characterised in that the driving key (19) is rotated by about 36° relative to the V-groove (17) and turns the counter (18) further via a resilient ratchet-and-pawl mechanism.
  4. A load alternation counter according to Claim 1, characterised in that the piston is made in two parts, one part (10) of which is guided in sealed manner in a bore (2) of a housing (1) and lies with a collar (12) on a surface (5) of a housing recess (4), whereas the other part (13) bears the V-groove (17), is guided, coaxially secured against rotation, in the housing (1) and is arranged coaxially to the counter (18) which is located in an additional housing recess (8) and can be read via a lateral window (9).
  5. A load alternation counter according to Claim 4, characterised in that a pressure spring (14) is arranged between the collar (12) and a housing surface (6) of the recess (4).
  6. A load alternation counter according to Claim 6, characterised in that the housing recess (4) through which the second part (13) of the piston is guided has a side opening for inserting the pressure spring (14) and parallel end faces (5, 6) for the piston collar (12) and the pressure spring (14) to bear on, the housing recess (8) for the counter (18) has an opening on its end face and a coaxial bore (7) for inserting the second part (13) of the piston and the counter (18) and the second part (13) of the piston is secured against rotation by a screw (16) or a pin engaging in a longitudinal groove (15).
  7. A load alternation counter according to Claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the pressure spring (14) is sized relative to the piston surface such that advancing of the counter (18) is only effected above a pre-settable pressure.
EP94925384A 1993-07-26 1994-07-23 Load alternation counter Revoked EP0706695B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4324888 1993-07-26
DE4324888A DE4324888C3 (en) 1993-07-26 1993-07-26 Load change counter
PCT/EP1994/002444 WO1995003592A1 (en) 1993-07-26 1994-07-23 Load alternation counter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0706695A1 EP0706695A1 (en) 1996-04-17
EP0706695B1 true EP0706695B1 (en) 1996-10-30

Family

ID=6493624

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94925384A Revoked EP0706695B1 (en) 1993-07-26 1994-07-23 Load alternation counter

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5682025A (en)
EP (1) EP0706695B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH09500991A (en)
AT (1) ATE144849T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4324888C3 (en)
WO (1) WO1995003592A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4324888C3 (en) * 1993-07-26 2000-07-27 Frank Hohmann Load change counter
DE19638901C2 (en) * 1996-09-23 2000-05-25 Joerg Hohmann Hydraulic threaded bolt clamping device
DE10216416B4 (en) * 2002-04-12 2004-02-26 Condor Werke Gebr. Frede Gmbh & Co Kg pressure switch
DE20311811U1 (en) * 2003-07-31 2003-09-25 Hazet Werk Zerver Hermann torque wrench
DE202009018684U1 (en) 2008-11-25 2012-07-30 Jörg Hohmann Hydraulic bolt tensioning device
DE102009043907A1 (en) 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Frank Hohmann Hydraulic threaded bolt tensioning device and method for large screwing by means of the hydraulic threaded bolt tensioning device
WO2014122356A1 (en) * 2013-02-05 2014-08-14 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Pretensioning tool, pretensioning system and a method for pretensioning bolts
CN103878579A (en) * 2014-03-28 2014-06-25 李圣用 Counting mechanism of hydraulic tightening machine
CN108916157B (en) * 2018-08-03 2020-04-03 马鞍山市金工机械有限公司 Material pressing oil cylinder with characteristics of easy disassembly and adjustable buffering
KR102270186B1 (en) * 2019-07-29 2021-06-28 주식회사 케이티앤지 Aerosol generating device
CN111922691B (en) * 2020-08-14 2022-03-29 马鞍山市罗泰特机械制造有限公司 Hydraulic bolt stretcher capable of counting
CN111922690B (en) * 2020-08-14 2022-03-29 马鞍山市罗泰特机械制造有限公司 Spring is from restoring to throne doublestage hydraulic stretcher with meter function

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US384307A (en) * 1888-06-12 Corset
DE306161C (en) *
US3186311A (en) * 1962-10-03 1965-06-01 Carl M Carlson Air impulse counter
US3703629A (en) * 1970-06-01 1972-11-21 Madatron Corp Pneumatically operated counting device
US3843047A (en) * 1972-02-16 1974-10-22 Daini Seikosha Tokyo Kk Writing instrument with counter
GB1408211A (en) * 1972-02-16 1975-10-01 Seiko Instr & Electronics Writing utensil
JPS5716387B2 (en) * 1975-01-29 1982-04-05
US4322966A (en) * 1981-05-26 1982-04-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Weapon cycle or shot counter
DE3512568C2 (en) * 1985-04-06 1994-01-13 Festo Kg Stroke counter for reciprocated parts
AT385341B (en) * 1985-11-26 1988-03-25 Hoerbiger Ventilwerke Ag PRESSURE PULSE ACTUATED MECHANICAL COUNTER
US4993259A (en) * 1989-04-03 1991-02-19 Automotive Products Plc Method and apparatus for testing prefilled hydraulic systems
DE4200035A1 (en) * 1992-01-02 1993-07-08 Unicraft Oy SEAL ARRANGEMENT
DE4324888C3 (en) * 1993-07-26 2000-07-27 Frank Hohmann Load change counter
DE4341707C3 (en) * 1993-11-12 1999-02-11 Frank Hohmann Hydraulic threaded bolt clamping device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE144849T1 (en) 1996-11-15
DE4324888A1 (en) 1995-02-02
DE4324888C3 (en) 2000-07-27
US5682025A (en) 1997-10-28
JPH09500991A (en) 1997-01-28
DE59400958D1 (en) 1996-12-05
EP0706695A1 (en) 1996-04-17
DE4324888C2 (en) 1995-05-18
WO1995003592A1 (en) 1995-02-02

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