EP0705196A1 - Equipment for binding a skier to a water ski or skiboard - Google Patents

Equipment for binding a skier to a water ski or skiboard

Info

Publication number
EP0705196A1
EP0705196A1 EP94919730A EP94919730A EP0705196A1 EP 0705196 A1 EP0705196 A1 EP 0705196A1 EP 94919730 A EP94919730 A EP 94919730A EP 94919730 A EP94919730 A EP 94919730A EP 0705196 A1 EP0705196 A1 EP 0705196A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
releasable
skier
footwear
ski
skiboard
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94919730A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0705196B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Blanger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0705196A1 publication Critical patent/EP0705196A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0705196B1 publication Critical patent/EP0705196B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B32/00—Water sports boards; Accessories therefor
    • B63B32/30—Water skis fastened to the user's feet; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B63B32/35—Bindings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to equipment for the practice of skiboard and water skiing in its most varied forms, such as ski jumping, speed skiing, sla ⁇ lom skiing, figure skiing, and more particularly equipment. connecting a skier to a ski ⁇ board or a water ski.
  • Conventional equipment for connecting a skier to a skiboard is in particular in the form of two straps fixed on the skiboard and in which the skier respectively introduces each of his feet, generally without any particular footwear.
  • This connecting means has in particular the disadvantage of not rigidly binding the skier to the skiboard and therefore limits the directional possibilities of the skiboard by the skier.
  • Conventional equipment for connecting a skier to one or more ski (s) is in the form of an envelope, generally made of rubberized material, fixed on a ski and into which the practitioner introduces his foot. It should be noted that such a means of main ⁇ wraps only the practitioner's foot, possibly part of the ankle or the entire ankle, and does not allow precise tightening of the foot in the envelope.
  • the guide of the ski (s) by the practitioner which is carried out by the foot and possibly a part of the ankle or the whole ankle, is relatively imprecise due to the absence of contribution of the lower leg in the guiding of the ski (s) and due to the flexibility of the rubberized material of the envelope.
  • the front boot is fixed to the ski by its front part by means of a releasable safety stop, and by its rear part by means of a releasable stirrup which also serves as a means of fixing the front part of the rear boot.
  • the rear part of the rear shoe is fixed by means of a releasable safety stop.
  • the shoe used only maintains the practitioner's foot and ankle, which leads to the drawbacks already mentioned above in the example of conventional equipment for the practice of water skiing.
  • the present invention overcomes these various drawbacks. More specifically, it consists of equipment for connecting a skier to a water ski comprising, a first and a second footwear body comprising respectively a first and a second flexible booties, respectively enveloping at most a first and a second feet, a first and a second ankles, and a first and a second lower leg of said skier, and a first and a second lockable rigid support structures respectively enveloping said first and second flexible shoes more fully and having respectively at least a first and a second sole respectively provided with a first and a second heel, a first and a second metatarsal belts, a first and a second instep belts, a first and a second upper, said first and second footwear being placed respectively one behind the other on said ski, cara ctérisé in that said connecting equipment
  • This feature has the advantage of involving the lower leg in guiding the ski, by means of the rigid rod, which makes it possible to obtain greater possibilities for driving the ski, in particular making tighter turns, which is advantageous.
  • the sole and its heel, the metatarsal belt and the instep belt, rigid participate in a rigid connection between the lower part of the lower limb and the ski, which results in particular in increased precision in guiding of skiing, the whole of the support structure giving the skier the possibility of reacting with the entire part of the lower limb enveloped by said support structure by means of the boot, thus obtaining a better distribution of the forces, in particular during accelerations, straight in traction, or centripetal in turns.
  • the two releasable rear safety stops ensure the transmission of forces between the ski and the two support structures by rigid connection, this in complete safety in the event of a fall, by triggering said rear stops which release the ski support structures independently.
  • a practical advantage of the independence of the rear stops consists in allowing the practitioner after a fall to be able to engage the fixing means without external assistance while being in the water.
  • said first and second releasable rear safety stops comprise means of engagement respectively on a first and a second posterior parts respectively of said first and second lockable rigid support structures, in the upper part respectively a first and a second heel of said skier to allow contiguous positioning of said first and second footwear respectively one behind the other.
  • This characteristic advantageously offers on the one hand the possibility of a contiguous positioning of the footwear one behind the other, and on the other hand the total clearance of the space located immediately behind a footwear, by the rear stop.
  • the equipment for connecting a skier to a water ski comprises a first front stop, mounted on said ski, for an introduction therein of a first cover carried by a first front part of said first lockable rigid holding structure, said first front stop surrounding said first cover to allow contiguous positioning of said first and second footwear respectively one behind the other.
  • Figure 1 shows a front view of a footwear body according to the invention comprising in particular a lockable rigid support structure with a flexible liner inside.
  • Figure 2 shows in perspective independent means for releasably securing a boot, mounted on a ski, said means being constituted by a front stop, and a releasable rear safety stop used in ski touring.
  • FIG. 3 represents a front view of a footwear body according to FIG. 1, fixed on a water ski by means of independent releasable fastening means according to FIG. 2.
  • Figure 4 shows a front view of two footwear according to Figure 1, fixed one behind the other on a water ski by means of releasable securing means independent of safety according to Figure 2.
  • Figure 5 represents the independent releasable fastening means according to the
  • the footwear body 3 shown in Figure 1 comprises a flexible bootie 31, capable of wrapping a foot, an ankle, and a lower leg of a practitioner, who introduces his foot into said bootie in a conventional manner, the latter being advantageously locked by any known means, once the practitioner's foot is introduced.
  • the shoe 31 can advantageously be made of spongy material, in order to be able to constitute a mattress soaked in water at a temperature close to that of the practitioner's body, in use, so as to have a good thermal comfort.
  • the footwear body 3 according to FIG. 1 further comprises a rigid support structure 30, advantageously made of plastic material, enveloping the flexible bootie 31, having a rigid sole 301 comprising a rigid heel 307, a rigid metatarsal belt 305 advantageously lockable , a rigid instep 306 also advantageously lockable, a rigid rod 302, likewise advantageously lockable, having a joint 308, passing through an axis of rotation substantially equal to that defined by the pin during a forward bending.
  • the two foot belts, metatarsal and instep make it possible to ensure the support of the parts of the foot concerned, respectively on the sole and the heel of the support structure, by means of the liner. way to get an optimal connection of the foot on the ski.
  • the articulated rod 302 makes it possible to partially secure the lower leg of the foot so as to involve the leg in guiding the ski, while allowing front flexion by means of the articulation 308, movement necessary in particular to keep control of the ski in case of heavy waves.
  • the two belts and the upper are provided with all known advantageously independent locking means, for example adjustable hooks, as shown in Figure 1, only for the purpose of enclosing the liner as closely as possible and thus ensuring a optimal connection with the least possible play between the lower part of the lower limb and the ski.
  • the rigid holding structure 30, shown in Figure 1 further comprises means cooperating with the releasable fixing means 2 of safety shown in Figure 2.
  • a front portion 303 of the holding structure 30 has a cover 300 whose shape is capable of being inserted into the front stop 21. Once the footwear body is inserted into the front stop, the latter surrounds said cover. Thus the space located immediately in front of the fitting body is released by the front stop.
  • a rear part 304 of the holding structure 30 comprises a housing 309, advantageously in the upper part of the heel of the skier, capable of cooperating with the releasable rear stop 22 of safety to effect a rigid connection of the holding structure 30 to the ski, as this is shown in Figure 3.
  • the releasable safety fastening means of a footwear body 3, represented in FIG. 2, comprise a front stop, advantageously constituted by a flange 21 fixed by any known means on the ski, for example by screws, immobilizing the front part 303 of the rigid retaining structure 30, by introducing the latter into the flange 21, and a releasable rear safety stop, advantageously constituted by a releasable rear safety stop 22 of the type of those used in ski touring bindings , immobilizing the rear portion 304 of the rigid holding structure, both by being supported in the flange 21 and on the surface of the ski.
  • the holding structure 30 is rigidly linked to the ski, as shown in FIG.
  • the flange 21 can advantageously be made from light metallic materials or steel, covered at least partially with a plastic sheath at the level of the footwear-flange contact, in particular in order to avoid footwear marking.
  • the flange 21 and the rear stop 22 are independent in the fixing of the boot body 3, which in particular makes it possible to link two boot bodies 3 independently, advantageously joined to a monoski. one behind the other as shown in Figure 4.
  • the two rear stops 22 are advantageously identical, as are the two flanges 21, so as to ensure interchangeability between the footwear 3 between them on the fixing means.
  • the housings 309 on the rigid holding structures are also identical. Therefore, a monoski provided with such equipment according to the invention can be used either by a right-handed or left-handed skier.
  • a skiboard 1 is provided with releasable safety fastening means shown in Figure 4.
  • the bodies footwear can advantageously be similar to the footwear 3 shown in FIG. 4.
  • the releasable safety fastening means comprise two flanges 21 and two releasable rear safety stops 22 for independently binding two footwear respectively to the skiboard 1.
  • Each footwear body is advantageously linked to the skiboard as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the flange 21 and the rear stop 22 for each fitting body are fixed on the skiboard 1 advantageously by means of a plate 23, the essential purpose of which is to enable both the possibility of modifying the angular orientation relative of the longitudinal axes A1 and A2 of the footwear therebetween, and a possibility of modification of the angular orientation of the latter relative to a longitudinal axis A3 of the skiboard.
  • pos ⁇ sibilities for modifying the angular positioning of the footwear allow the skier to be able to adapt the position for fixing the feet to the skiboard before use, in particular as a function of their morphology or of preferred positions for the practice of this sport.
  • the flange 21 and the rear stop 22 are advantageously fixed to the plate 23 according to any known means, advantageously removable to allow interchangeability of these elements, for example by screws.
  • the plate 23 is fixed to the skiboard 1 by means of screws 24 placed substantially circumferentially to advantageously allow any angular positions of the axes Al and A2 relative to the axis A3, according to an angular pitch for example close to 5 °.
  • the plate 23 can be of substantially circular shape and for example be produced from light metallic materials or rigid composite plastic materials.

Abstract

Equipment for binding a skier to a water ski or skiboard, including two boot assemblies (3), and a releasable safety binding assembly (2) mounted on the ski or skiboard for binding said boot assemblies. Each boot assembly (3) includes at least one flexible slipper (31) covering all or part of the foot, ankle and lower end of the leg, a lockable rigid supporting structure (30) covering all or part of said flexible slipper and having at least one sole (301) with a heel (307), a metatarsal strap, an instep strap, an upper (302), and portions (300, 309) for engaging said releasable safety binding assembly, said releasable safety binding assembly including two releasable rear safety abutments (22) and forming a self-contained assembly for each boot assembly (3).

Description

ÉQUIPEMENT DE LIAISON D'UN SKIEUR À UN SKI NAUTIQUE OU UN SKIBOARD CONNECTING EQUIPMENT OF A SKIER TO A WATER SKI OR A SKIBOARD
La présente invention concerne les équipements pour la pratique du skiboard et du ski nautique sous ses formes les plus variées, comme le ski de saut, le ski de vitesse, le ski de sla¬ lom, le ski de figures, et plus particulièrement les équipements de liaison d'un skieur à un ski¬ board ou un ski nautique. Les équipements conventionnels de liaison d'un skieur à un skiboard se présentent no¬ tamment sous la forme de deux sangles fixées sur le skiboard et dans lesquelles le skieur intro¬ duit respectivement chacun de ses pieds, en général sans corps chaussant particulier. Ce moyen de liaison présente en particulier l'inconvénient de ne pas lier de manière assez rigide le skieur au skiboard et de ce fait limite les possibilités directionnelles du skiboard par le skieur. Les équipements conventionnels de liaison d'un skieur à un ou des ski(s) nautique(s) se présentent sous la forme d'une enveloppe, généralement en matériau caoutchouté, fixée sur un ski et dans laquelle le pratiquant introduit son pied. Il faut remarquer qu'un tel moyen de main¬ tien enveloppe seulement le pied du pratiquant, éventuellement une partie de la cheville ou la cheville entière, et ne permet pas un serrage précis du pied dans l'enveloppe. Ainsi, le guidage du ou des ski(s) par le pratiquant, qui s'effectue par le pied et éventuellement une partie de la cheville ou la cheville entière, est relativement imprécis du fait de l'absence de contribution du bas de jambe dans le guidage du ou des ski(s) et du fait de la souplesse du matériau caout¬ chouté de l'enveloppe. Cette absence de contribution du bas de jambe dans le guidage du ou des ski (s) oblige en particulier le pratiquant à s'incliner de façon excessive, notamment en vi- rage pour parvenir à guider le ou les ski(s). La souplesse de l'enveloppe caoutchoutée mainte¬ nant le pied sur le ou les ski(s) limite notamment la rapidité de réaction dans les changements de direction du ou des ski(s) sur l'eau ce qui peut s'avérer pénalisant par exemple en ski de slalom. De même, cette souplesse peut entraîner une imprécision de guidage en ski de vitesse ou en ski de figures. L'art antérieur nous enseigne, notamment avec le brevet US-A-5.056.803, un mode de liaison libérable automatique des deux pieds d'un pratiquant sur un monoski nautique. Les pieds sont enveloppés chacun par une chaussure, et sont placés l'un derrière l'autre sur le ski. La chaussure antérieure est fixée au ski par sa partie avant au moyen d'une butée libérable de sécurité, et par sa partie arrière au moyen d'un étrier libérable qui sert également de moyen de fixation de la partie avant de la chaussure postérieure. La partie arrière de la chaussure posté¬ rieure est fixée au moyen d'une butée libérable de sécurité. Il faut noter que dans un tel mode de liaison les deux pieds ne sont pas indépendants. C'est à dire que la libération d'un pied, no¬ tamment en cas de chute, entraîne automatiquement la libération de l'autre pied. Ce mode de liaison ne permet donc pas la fixation d'un seul des deux pieds du pratiquant, à fortiori la fixa- tion partielle de la chaussure postérieure, notamment de sa partie avant, laissant libre la partie arrière, ce qui est nécessaire pour certaines pratiques du ski nautique. On peut remarquer d'autre part que la chaussure utilisée ne maintient que le pied et la cheville du pratiquant, ce qui entraîne les inconvénients déjà cités précédemment dans l'exemple des équipements conven¬ tionnels pour la pratique du ski nautique. La présente invention permet de remédier à ces différents inconvénients. Pus précisé¬ ment, elle consiste en un équipement de liaison d'un skieur à un ski nautique comprenant, un premier et un deuxième corps chaussants comportant respectivement un premier et un deuxiè¬ me chaussons souples, enveloppant respectivement au plus totalement un premier et un deu- xième pieds, une première et une deuxième chevilles, et un premier et un deuxième bas de jambe dudit skieur, et une première et une deuxième structures de maintien rigide ver- rouillables enveloppant respectivement au plus totalement lesdits premier et deuxième chaus¬ sons souples et possédant respectivement au moins une première et une deuxième semelles munies respectivement d'un premier et d'un deuxième talons, une première et une deuxième ceintures métatarsiennes, une première et une deuxième ceintures de cou-de-pied, une premiè¬ re et une deuxième tige, lesdits premier et deuxième corps chaussants étant placés respective¬ ment l'un derrière l'autre sur ledit ski, caractérisé en ce que ledit équipement de liaison com¬ prend une première butée arrière libérable de sécurité, et une deuxième butée arrière libérable de sécurité, lesdites première et deuxième butées arrières libérables de sécurité étant montées sur ledit ski, pour une fixation libérable de sécurité, au moins lors d'une chute avant dudit skieur, respectivement desdits premier et deuxième corps chaussants.The present invention relates to equipment for the practice of skiboard and water skiing in its most varied forms, such as ski jumping, speed skiing, sla¬ lom skiing, figure skiing, and more particularly equipment. connecting a skier to a ski¬ board or a water ski. Conventional equipment for connecting a skier to a skiboard is in particular in the form of two straps fixed on the skiboard and in which the skier respectively introduces each of his feet, generally without any particular footwear. This connecting means has in particular the disadvantage of not rigidly binding the skier to the skiboard and therefore limits the directional possibilities of the skiboard by the skier. Conventional equipment for connecting a skier to one or more ski (s) is in the form of an envelope, generally made of rubberized material, fixed on a ski and into which the practitioner introduces his foot. It should be noted that such a means of main¬ wraps only the practitioner's foot, possibly part of the ankle or the entire ankle, and does not allow precise tightening of the foot in the envelope. Thus, the guide of the ski (s) by the practitioner, which is carried out by the foot and possibly a part of the ankle or the whole ankle, is relatively imprecise due to the absence of contribution of the lower leg in the guiding of the ski (s) and due to the flexibility of the rubberized material of the envelope. This absence of contribution from the lower leg in guiding the ski (s) obliges in particular the practitioner to bow excessively, in particular while cornering in order to manage to guide the ski (s). The flexibility of the rubberized envelope maintaining the foot on the ski (s) notably limits the speed of reaction in the changes of direction of the ski (s) on the water which can prove to be penalizing by example in slalom skiing. Likewise, this flexibility can lead to imprecision in guiding in speed skiing or in figure skiing. The prior art teaches us, in particular with patent US-A-5.056.803, an automatic releasable connection mode of the two feet of a practitioner on a nautical monoski. The feet are each wrapped by a shoe, and are placed one behind the other on the ski. The front boot is fixed to the ski by its front part by means of a releasable safety stop, and by its rear part by means of a releasable stirrup which also serves as a means of fixing the front part of the rear boot. The rear part of the rear shoe is fixed by means of a releasable safety stop. It should be noted that in such a connection mode, the two feet are not independent. This means that the release of one foot, especially in the event of a fall, automatically results in the release of the other foot. This method of connection therefore does not allow the attachment of only one of the practitioner's two feet, let alone the partial fixation of the posterior shoe, in particular of its front part, leaving the rear part free, which is necessary for certain water skiing practices. It can also be noted that the shoe used only maintains the practitioner's foot and ankle, which leads to the drawbacks already mentioned above in the example of conventional equipment for the practice of water skiing. The present invention overcomes these various drawbacks. More specifically, it consists of equipment for connecting a skier to a water ski comprising, a first and a second footwear body comprising respectively a first and a second flexible booties, respectively enveloping at most a first and a second feet, a first and a second ankles, and a first and a second lower leg of said skier, and a first and a second lockable rigid support structures respectively enveloping said first and second flexible shoes more fully and having respectively at least a first and a second sole respectively provided with a first and a second heel, a first and a second metatarsal belts, a first and a second instep belts, a first and a second upper, said first and second footwear being placed respectively one behind the other on said ski, cara ctérisé in that said connecting equipment comprises a first releasable rear safety stop, and a second releasable rear safety stop, said first and second releasable rear safety stops being mounted on said ski, for a releasable safety binding, at least during a front fall of said skier, respectively of said first and second footwear.
La présente caractéristique offre l'avantage de faire participer le bas de jambe au guidage du ski, par l'intermédiaire de la tige rigide, ce qui permet d'obtenir de plus grandes possibilités de conduite du ski notamment effectuer des virages plus serrés, intéressant le domaine du ski de slalom ou du ski de figures. La semelle et son talon, la ceinture métatarsienne et la ceinture de cou-de-pied, rigides, participent à une liaison rigide entre la partie inférieure du membre in¬ férieur et le ski, qui se traduit notamment par une précision accrue dans le guidage du ski, l'ensemble de la structure de maintien donnant la possibilité au skieur de réagir avec toute la partie du membre inférieur enveloppé par ladite structure de maintien par l'intermédiaire du chausson, obtenant ainsi une meilleure répartition des efforts, notamment lors d'accélérations, rectiligne en traction, ou centripète en virage.This feature has the advantage of involving the lower leg in guiding the ski, by means of the rigid rod, which makes it possible to obtain greater possibilities for driving the ski, in particular making tighter turns, which is advantageous. the field of slalom skiing or figure skiing. The sole and its heel, the metatarsal belt and the instep belt, rigid, participate in a rigid connection between the lower part of the lower limb and the ski, which results in particular in increased precision in guiding of skiing, the whole of the support structure giving the skier the possibility of reacting with the entire part of the lower limb enveloped by said support structure by means of the boot, thus obtaining a better distribution of the forces, in particular during accelerations, straight in traction, or centripetal in turns.
Les deux butées arrières libérables de sécurité assurent la transmission des efforts entre le ski et les deux structures de maintien par liaison rigide, ceci en toute sécurité en cas de chute, par déclenchement desdites butées arrières qui libèrent les structures de maintien du ski de façon indépendante. Un avantage pratique de l'indépendance des butées arrières consiste à permettre au pratiquant après une chute, de pouvoir enclencher les moyens de fixation sans aide extérieure en étant dans l'eau.The two releasable rear safety stops ensure the transmission of forces between the ski and the two support structures by rigid connection, this in complete safety in the event of a fall, by triggering said rear stops which release the ski support structures independently. . A practical advantage of the independence of the rear stops consists in allowing the practitioner after a fall to be able to engage the fixing means without external assistance while being in the water.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, lesdites première et deuxième butées ar¬ rières libérables de sécurité comprennent des moyens de mise en prise respectivement sur une première et une deuxième parties postérieures respectivement desdites première et deuxième structures de maintien rigide verrouillables, en partie supérieure respectivement d'un premier et d'un deuxième talon dudit skieur pour permettre un positionnement jointif desdits premier et deuxième corps chaussants respectivement l'un derrière l'autre.According to another characteristic of the invention, said first and second releasable rear safety stops comprise means of engagement respectively on a first and a second posterior parts respectively of said first and second lockable rigid support structures, in the upper part respectively a first and a second heel of said skier to allow contiguous positioning of said first and second footwear respectively one behind the other.
Cette caractéristique offre avantageusement d'une part la possibilité d'un positionnement jointif des corps chaussants l'un derrière l'autre, et d'autre part le dégagement total de l'espace situé immédiatement derrière un corps chaussant, par la butée arrière.This characteristic advantageously offers on the one hand the possibility of a contiguous positioning of the footwear one behind the other, and on the other hand the total clearance of the space located immediately behind a footwear, by the rear stop.
Selon une autre caractéristique, l'équipement de liaison d'un skieur à un ski nautique selon l'invention comprend une première butée avant, montée sur ledit ski, pour une introduc¬ tion dans celle-ci d'un premier capot porté par une première partie antérieure de ladite première structure de maintien rigide verrouillable, ladite première butée avant entourant ledit premier capot pour permettre un positionnement jointif desdits premier et deuxième corps chaussants respectivement l'un derrière l'autre.According to another characteristic, the equipment for connecting a skier to a water ski according to the invention comprises a first front stop, mounted on said ski, for an introduction therein of a first cover carried by a first front part of said first lockable rigid holding structure, said first front stop surrounding said first cover to allow contiguous positioning of said first and second footwear respectively one behind the other.
Cette caractéristique permet avantageusement et essentiellement de dégager l'espace situé immédiatement devant le corps chaussant, tout en assurant une liaison rigide de sécurité pour le corps chaussant, en coopération avec la butée arrière libérable de sécurité, et en permettant un positionnement jointif des corps chaussants l'un derrière l'autre. D'autres avantages et caractéristiques apparaîtront à la lecture de la description accompa¬ gnée par les dessins annexés qui illustrent un exemple de réalisation d'un équipement de liai¬ son d'un skieur à un ski nautique selon l'invention, exemple donné à titre d'illustration et sans qu'aucune restriction de la protection recherchée ne puisse en être tirée.This characteristic advantageously and essentially makes it possible to clear the space located immediately in front of the footwear, while ensuring a rigid safety connection for the footwear, in cooperation with the releasable rear safety stop, and allowing contiguous positioning of the footwear. one behind the other. Other advantages and characteristics will appear on reading the description accompanied by the accompanying drawings which illustrate an exemplary embodiment of equipment for connecting a skier to a water ski according to the invention, example given in As an illustration and without any restriction of the protection sought can be drawn from it.
La Figure 1 représente en vue de face un corps chaussant selon l'invention comprenant notamment une structure de maintien rigide verrouillable avec un chausson souple à l'intérieur.Figure 1 shows a front view of a footwear body according to the invention comprising in particular a lockable rigid support structure with a flexible liner inside.
La Figure 2 représente en perspective des moyens indépendants de fixation libérable de sécurité d'un corps chaussant, montés sur un ski, lesdits moyens étant constitués d'une butée avant, et d'une butée arrière libérable de sécurité utilisée en ski de randonnée.Figure 2 shows in perspective independent means for releasably securing a boot, mounted on a ski, said means being constituted by a front stop, and a releasable rear safety stop used in ski touring.
La Figure 3 représente en vue de face un corps chaussant selon la Figure 1, fixés sur un ski nautique par l'intermédiaire des moyens de fixation libérable de sécurité indépendants selon la Figure 2.FIG. 3 represents a front view of a footwear body according to FIG. 1, fixed on a water ski by means of independent releasable fastening means according to FIG. 2.
La Figure 4 représente en vue de face deux corps chaussants selon la Figure 1, fixés l'un derrière l'autre sur un ski nautique par l'intermédiaire des moyens de fixation libérable de sé¬ curité indépendants selon la Figure 2. La Figure 5 représente les moyens de fixation libérable de sécurité indépendants selon laFigure 4 shows a front view of two footwear according to Figure 1, fixed one behind the other on a water ski by means of releasable securing means independent of safety according to Figure 2. Figure 5 represents the independent releasable fastening means according to the
Figure 2 fixés sur un skiboard, en vue de dessus.Figure 2 fixed on a skiboard, seen from above.
Le corps chaussant 3 représenté sur la Figure 1 comprend un chausson souple 31, apte à envelopper un pied, une cheville, et un bas de jambe d'un pratiquant, lequel introduit son pied dans ledit chausson de manière conventionnelle, celui-ci étant avantageusement verrouillé par tous moyens connus, une fois le pied du pratiquant introduit. Le chausson 31 peut avantageu¬ sement être réalisé en matériau spongieux, afin d'être apte à constituer un matelas imbibé d'eau à une température avoisinante celle du corps du pratiquant, en cours d'utilisation, de manière à disposer d'un bon confort thermique.The footwear body 3 shown in Figure 1 comprises a flexible bootie 31, capable of wrapping a foot, an ankle, and a lower leg of a practitioner, who introduces his foot into said bootie in a conventional manner, the latter being advantageously locked by any known means, once the practitioner's foot is introduced. The shoe 31 can advantageously be made of spongy material, in order to be able to constitute a mattress soaked in water at a temperature close to that of the practitioner's body, in use, so as to have a good thermal comfort.
Le corps chaussant 3 suivant la Figure 1 comprend de plus une structure de maintien rigi- de 30, avantageusement réalisée en matériau plastique, enveloppant le chausson souple 31, possédant une semelle rigide 301 comportant un talon rigide 307, une ceinture métatarsienne rigide 305 avantageusement verrouillable, une ceinture de cou-de-pied rigide 306 avantageuse¬ ment verrouillable également, une tige rigide 302, de même avantageusement verrouillable, possédant une articulation 308, passant par un axe de rotation sensiblement égal à celui défini par la cheville lors d'une flexion avant. Les deux ceintures de pied, métatarsienne et de cou¬ de-pied, permettent d'assurer l'appui des parties du pied concernées, respectivement sur la se¬ melle et le talon de la structure de maintien, par l'intermédiaire du chausson de façon à obtenir une liaison optimale du pied sur le ski. La tige 302 articulée permet de solidariser en partie le bas de jambe du pied de façon à faire participer la jambe dans le guidage du ski, tout en lais¬ sant possible la flexion avant au moyen de l'articulation 308, mouvement nécessaire notam¬ ment pour garder le contrôle du ski en cas de vagues importantes. Les deux ceintures et la tige sont munies de tous moyens de verrouillage connus avantageusement indépendants, par exemple des crochets réglables, comme cela est représenté suivant la Figure 1, uniquement dans le but d'enserrer au plus près le chausson et d'assurer ainsi une liaison optimale avec le moins de jeu possible entre la partie inférieure du membre inférieur et le ski.The footwear body 3 according to FIG. 1 further comprises a rigid support structure 30, advantageously made of plastic material, enveloping the flexible bootie 31, having a rigid sole 301 comprising a rigid heel 307, a rigid metatarsal belt 305 advantageously lockable , a rigid instep 306 also advantageously lockable, a rigid rod 302, likewise advantageously lockable, having a joint 308, passing through an axis of rotation substantially equal to that defined by the pin during a forward bending. The two foot belts, metatarsal and instep, make it possible to ensure the support of the parts of the foot concerned, respectively on the sole and the heel of the support structure, by means of the liner. way to get an optimal connection of the foot on the ski. The articulated rod 302 makes it possible to partially secure the lower leg of the foot so as to involve the leg in guiding the ski, while allowing front flexion by means of the articulation 308, movement necessary in particular to keep control of the ski in case of heavy waves. The two belts and the upper are provided with all known advantageously independent locking means, for example adjustable hooks, as shown in Figure 1, only for the purpose of enclosing the liner as closely as possible and thus ensuring a optimal connection with the least possible play between the lower part of the lower limb and the ski.
La structure de maintien rigide 30, représentée sur la Figure 1 comporte de plus des moyens coopérant avec les moyens de fixation libérable 2 de sécurité représentés à la Figure 2. Une partie antérieure 303 de la structure de maintien 30 comporte un capot 300 dont la forme est apte à être introduite dans la butée avant 21. Une fois le corps chaussant introduit dans la butée avant, celle-ci entoure ledit capot. Ainsi l'espace situé immédiatement devant le corps chaussant est dégagé par la butée avant. Une partie postérieure 304 de la structure de maintien 30 comporte un logement 309, avantageusement en partie supérieure du talon du skieur, apte à coopérer avec la butée arrière libérable 22 de sécurité pour effectuer une liaison rigide de la structure de maintien 30 au ski, comme cela est représenté sur la Figure 3.The rigid holding structure 30, shown in Figure 1 further comprises means cooperating with the releasable fixing means 2 of safety shown in Figure 2. A front portion 303 of the holding structure 30 has a cover 300 whose shape is capable of being inserted into the front stop 21. Once the footwear body is inserted into the front stop, the latter surrounds said cover. Thus the space located immediately in front of the fitting body is released by the front stop. A rear part 304 of the holding structure 30 comprises a housing 309, advantageously in the upper part of the heel of the skier, capable of cooperating with the releasable rear stop 22 of safety to effect a rigid connection of the holding structure 30 to the ski, as this is shown in Figure 3.
Les moyens de fixation libérable de sécurité d'un corps chaussant 3, représentés sur la Figure 2, comprennent, une butée avant, avantageusement constituée par une bride 21 fixée par tous moyens connus sur le ski, par exemple par vis, immobilisant la partie antérieure 303 de la structure de maintien rigide 30, par introduction de celle-ci dans la bride 21, et une butée arrière libérable de sécurité, avantageusement constituée par une butée arrière libérable 22 de sécurité du type de celles utilisées dans des fixations de ski de randonnée, immobilisant la par¬ tie postérieure 304 de la structure de maintien rigide, à la fois par mise en appui dans la bride 21 et sur la surface du ski. De cette manière, la structure de maintien 30 est liée rigidement au ski, comme cela est représenté sur la Figure 3, tout en autorisant une libération de la fixation en cas de chute du skieur, notamment en cas de chute avant, par le déclenchement de la butée arrière de sécurité, selon un processus identique à celui que l'on rencontre notamment en ski de randonnée. Il est à noter que la bride 21 peut avantageusement être réalisée à partir de maté- riaux métalliques légers ou d'acier, recouvert au moins partiellement d'une gaine en matière plastique au niveau du contact corps chaussant-bride, notamment afin d'éviter un marquage des corps chaussants.The releasable safety fastening means of a footwear body 3, represented in FIG. 2, comprise a front stop, advantageously constituted by a flange 21 fixed by any known means on the ski, for example by screws, immobilizing the front part 303 of the rigid retaining structure 30, by introducing the latter into the flange 21, and a releasable rear safety stop, advantageously constituted by a releasable rear safety stop 22 of the type of those used in ski touring bindings , immobilizing the rear portion 304 of the rigid holding structure, both by being supported in the flange 21 and on the surface of the ski. In this way, the holding structure 30 is rigidly linked to the ski, as shown in FIG. 3, while allowing release of the binding in the event of the skier falling, in particular in the event of a front fall, by triggering the rear safety stop, according to a process identical to that encountered in particular in ski touring. It should be noted that the flange 21 can advantageously be made from light metallic materials or steel, covered at least partially with a plastic sheath at the level of the footwear-flange contact, in particular in order to avoid footwear marking.
Comme on l'aura remarqué, la bride 21 et la butée arrière 22 sont autonomes dans la fixa¬ tion du corps chaussant 3, ce qui permet notamment, de lier à un monoski deux corps chaus- sants 3 de façon indépendante, avantageusement jointifs l'un derrière l'autre comme le repré¬ sente la Figure 4. Sur la Figure 4, les deux butées arrières 22 sont avantageusement iden¬ tiques, ainsi que les deux brides 21, de façon à assurer une interchangeabilité entre les corps chaussants 3 entre eux sur les moyens de fixation. Dans ce cas, les logements 309 sur les structures de maintien rigide sont également identiques. De ce fait, un monoski muni d'un tel équipement selon l'invention peut être utilisé indifféremment par un skieur droitier ou gaucher.As will have been noticed, the flange 21 and the rear stop 22 are independent in the fixing of the boot body 3, which in particular makes it possible to link two boot bodies 3 independently, advantageously joined to a monoski. one behind the other as shown in Figure 4. In Figure 4, the two rear stops 22 are advantageously identical, as are the two flanges 21, so as to ensure interchangeability between the footwear 3 between them on the fixing means. In this case, the housings 309 on the rigid holding structures are also identical. Therefore, a monoski provided with such equipment according to the invention can be used either by a right-handed or left-handed skier.
Dans le mode de réalisation selon l'invention représenté sur la Figure 5, un skiboard 1 est muni des moyens de fixations libérables de sécurité représentés sur la Figure 4. Les corps chaussants (non représentés) peuvent avantageusement être similaires aux corps chaussants 3 représentés la Figure 4.In the embodiment according to the invention shown in Figure 5, a skiboard 1 is provided with releasable safety fastening means shown in Figure 4. The bodies footwear (not shown) can advantageously be similar to the footwear 3 shown in FIG. 4.
Les moyens de fixations libérables de sécurité comprennent deux brides 21 et deux butées arrières libérables de sécurité 22 pour lier de façon indépendante respectivement deux corps chaussants au skiboard 1. Chaque corps chaussant est avantageusement lié au skiboard comme représenté sur la Figure 3.The releasable safety fastening means comprise two flanges 21 and two releasable rear safety stops 22 for independently binding two footwear respectively to the skiboard 1. Each footwear body is advantageously linked to the skiboard as shown in FIG. 3.
La bride 21 et la butée arrière 22 pour chaque corps chaussant sont fixées sur le skiboard 1 avantageusement par l'intermédiaire d'une plaque 23, laquelle a pour but essentiel de per¬ mettre à la fois une possibilité de modification de l'orientation angulaire relative des axes lon- gitudinaux Al et A2 des corps chaussants entre eux, et une possibilité de modification de l'o¬ rientation angulaire de ces derniers par rapport à un axe longitudinal A3 du skiboard. Ces pos¬ sibilités de modification du positionnement angulaire des corps chaussants permettent au skieur de pouvoir adapter la position de fixation des pieds sur le skiboard avant utilisation, no¬ tamment en fonction de leur morphologie ou de positions préférentielles pour la pratique de ce sport.The flange 21 and the rear stop 22 for each fitting body are fixed on the skiboard 1 advantageously by means of a plate 23, the essential purpose of which is to enable both the possibility of modifying the angular orientation relative of the longitudinal axes A1 and A2 of the footwear therebetween, and a possibility of modification of the angular orientation of the latter relative to a longitudinal axis A3 of the skiboard. These pos¬ sibilities for modifying the angular positioning of the footwear allow the skier to be able to adapt the position for fixing the feet to the skiboard before use, in particular as a function of their morphology or of preferred positions for the practice of this sport.
La bride 21 et la butée arrière 22 sont avantageusement fixées sur la plaque 23 selon tous moyens connus, avantageusement démontables pour permettre une interchangeabilité de ces éléments, par exemple par vis. La plaque 23 est fixée au skiboard 1 par l'intermédiaire de vis 24 placées sensiblement de manière circonférentielle pour permettre avantageusement toutes positions angulaires des axes Al et A2 par rapport à l'axe A3, selon un pas angulaires par exemple voisin de 5°.The flange 21 and the rear stop 22 are advantageously fixed to the plate 23 according to any known means, advantageously removable to allow interchangeability of these elements, for example by screws. The plate 23 is fixed to the skiboard 1 by means of screws 24 placed substantially circumferentially to advantageously allow any angular positions of the axes Al and A2 relative to the axis A3, according to an angular pitch for example close to 5 °.
La plaque 23 peut être de forme sensiblement circulaire et par exemple être réalisée à par¬ tir de matériaux métalliques légers ou de matériaux plastiques rigides composites.The plate 23 can be of substantially circular shape and for example be produced from light metallic materials or rigid composite plastic materials.
Il faut souligner que la réalisation d'un équipement de liaison d'un skieur à un skiboard ou un ski nautique selon l'invention met en oeuvre des moyens simples d'application indus¬ trielle, qui sont avantageusement ceux utilisés couramment dans la fabrication des équipements de sports, comme notamment le ski de randonnée ou les patins à roulettes. It should be emphasized that the production of equipment for connecting a skier to a skiboard or a water ski according to the invention uses simple means of industrial application, which are advantageously those commonly used in the manufacture of sports equipment, such as ski touring or roller skating.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N SR E V E N D I C A T I O N S
1 . Equipement de liaison d'un skieur à un ski nautique comprenant, un premier et un deuxième corps chaussants (3) comportant respectivement un premier et un deuxième chaus¬ sons souples (31), enveloppant respectivement au plus totalement un premier et un deuxième pieds, une première et une deuxième chevilles, et un premier et un deuxième bas de jambe dudit skieur, et une première et une deuxième structures de maintien rigide verrouillables (30) enveloppant respectivement au plus totalement lesdits premier et deuxième chaussons souples et possédant respectivement au moins une première et une deuxième semelles (301) munies respectivement d'un premier et d'un deuxième talons (307), une première et une deuxième ceintures métatarsiennes (305), une première et une deuxième ceintures de cou-de-pied (306), une première et une deuxième tige (302), lesdits premier et deuxième corps chaussants étant placés respectivement l'un derrière l'autre sur ledit ski, caractérisé en ce que ledit équipe¬ ment de liaison comprend une première butée arrière libérable (22) de sécurité, et une deuxiè¬ me butée arrière libérable (22) de sécurité, lesdites première et deuxième butées arrières libé¬ rables de sécurité étant montées sur ledit ski, pour une fixation libérable de sécurité, au moins lors d'une chute avant dudit skieur, respectivement desdits premier et deuxième corps chaus¬ sants.1. Equipment for connecting a skier to a water ski comprising, a first and a second footwear body (3) respectively comprising a first and a second flexible shoe (31), respectively enveloping at most completely first and second feet, first and second ankles, and first and second leg bottoms of said skier, and first and second lockable rigid support structures (30) respectively enveloping said first and second flexible booties respectively and having at least one first and second soles (301) with first and second heels (307) respectively, first and second metatarsal belts (305), first and second instep belts (306) , a first and a second upper (302), said first and second footwear being placed respectively one behind the other on said ski, characterized in that said connecting team comprises a first releasable rear safety stop (22) and a second releasable rear safety stop (22), said first and second releasable rear safety stops being mounted on said ski , for a releasable security attachment, at least during a fall before said skier, respectively said first and second chaus¬ sants bodies.
2 . Equipement selon la Revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites première et deuxième butées arrières libérables (22) de sécurité comprennent des moyens de mise en prise respectivement sur une première et une deuxième parties postérieures (304) respectivement desdites première et deuxième structures de maintien rigide verrouillables (30), en partie supé¬ rieure respectivement d'un premier et d'un deuxième talon dudit skieur pour permettre un po¬ sitionnement jointif desdits premier et deuxième corps chaussants respectivement l'un derrière l'autre.2. Equipment according to Claim 1, characterized in that said first and second releasable rear safety stops (22) comprise means of engagement respectively on a first and a second posterior parts (304) respectively of said first and second rigid support structures lockable (30), in the upper part respectively of a first and a second heel of said skier to allow a contiguous positioning of said first and second footwear respectively behind one another.
3 . Equipement selon la Revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdites première et deuxième structures de maintien rigide verrouillables (30) comprennent, respectivement sur lesdites première et deuxième parties postérieures (304) en partie supérieure respectivement d'un premier et d'un deuxième talon dudit skieur, des moyens (309) coopérant respectivement avec lesdites première et deuxième butées arrières libérables (22) de sécurité.3. Equipment according to Claim 2, characterized in that said first and second lockable rigid holding structures (30) comprise, respectively on said first and second posterior parts (304) in the upper part respectively of a first and a second heel of said skier, means (309) cooperating respectively with said first and second releasable rear safety stops (22).
4 . Equipement selon l'une quelconque des Revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdites première et deuxième butées arrières libérables (22) de sécurité sont identiques pour permettre une interchangeabilité entre lesdits premier et deuxième corps chaussants.4. Equipment according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said first and second releasable rear safety stops (22) are identical to allow interchangeability between said first and second footwear.
5 . Equipement selon les Revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens (309) coopérant respectivement avec lesdites première et deuxième butées arrières libérables (22) de sécurité sont identiques. . Equipement selon l'une quelconque des Revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdites première et deuxième butées arrières libérables (22) de sécurité sont des butées arrières du type fixation de ski de randonnée.5. Equipment according to Claims 3 and 4, characterized in that said means (309) cooperating respectively with said first and second releasable rear safety stops (22) are identical. . Equipment according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the said first and second releasable rear safety stops (22) are rear stops of the ski touring binding type.
7 . Equipement selon l'une quelconque des Revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une première butée avant (21), montée sur ledit ski, pour une introduction dans celle-ci d'un premier capot (300) porté par une première partie antérieure (303) de ladite première structure de maintien rigide verrouillable (30), ladite première butée avant entourant ledit premier capot pour permettre un positionnement jointif desdits premier et deuxième corps chaussants respectivement l'un derrière l'autre.7. Equipment according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a first front stop (21), mounted on said ski, for introduction into the latter of a first cover (300) carried by a first anterior part (303) of said first lockable rigid holding structure (30), said first front stop surrounding said first cover to allow contiguous positioning of said first and second footwear respectively one behind the other.
8 . Equipement selon la Revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une deu- xième butée avant (21) pour une introduction dans celle-ci d'un deuxième capot (300) porté par une deuxième partie antérieure (303) de ladite deuxième structure de maintien rigide ver¬ rouillable (30), ladite deuxième butée avant entourant ledit deuxième capot.8. Equipment according to Claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a second front stop (21) for the introduction therein of a second cover (300) carried by a second front part (303) of said second structure rigid ver¬ rustable support (30), said second front stop surrounding said second cover.
9 . Equipement selon la Revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdites première et deuxième butées avants (21) sont identiques pour permettre une interchangeabilité entre lesdits premier et deuxième corps chaussants.9. Equipment according to Claim 8, characterized in that said first and second front stops (21) are identical to allow interchangeability between said first and second footwear.
10. Equipement de liaison d'un skieur à un skiboard caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend, un premier et un deuxième corps chaussants (3) comportant respectivement un pre¬ mier et un deuxième chaussons souples (31), enveloppant respectivement au plus totalement un premier et un deuxième pieds, une première et une deuxième chevilles, et un premier et un deuxième bas de jambe dudit skieur, et une première et une deuxième structures de maintien ri¬ gide verrouillables (30) enveloppant respectivement au plus totalement lesdits premier et deu¬ xième chaussons souples et possédant respectivement au moins une première et une deuxième semelles (301) munies respectivement d'un premier et d'un deuxième talons (307), une première et une deuxième ceintures métatarsiennes (305), une première et une deuxième cein- tures de cou-de-pied (306), une première et une deuxième tige (302), lesdits premier et deuxiè¬ me corps chaussants étant placés, sur ledit skiboard, suivant un premier (Al) et un deuxième (A2) axes longitudinaux non parallèles à un axe longitudinal (A3) dudit skiboard, une premiè¬ re butée arrière libérable (22) de sécurité, et une deuxième butée arrière libérable (22) de sécu¬ rité, lesdites première et deuxième butées arrières libérables de sécurité étant montées sur ledit skiboard, pour une fixation libérable de sécurité, au moins lors d'une chute avant dudit skieur, respectivement desdits premier et deuxième corps chaussants. 10. Equipment for connecting a skier to a skiboard, characterized in that it comprises, a first and a second footwear body (3) comprising respectively a first and a second flexible booties (31) respectively enveloping at most totally first and second feet, first and second ankles, and first and second lower legs of said skier, and first and second lockable ri¬ rigid support structures (30) respectively enveloping said first and most second flexible boot and having respectively at least a first and a second sole (301) respectively provided with a first and a second heel (307), a first and a second metatarsal belt (305), a first and a second instep belts (306), a first and a second upper (302), said first and second footwear being placed, on said skiboard, according to a pr emier (Al) and a second (A2) longitudinal axes not parallel to a longitudinal axis (A3) of said skiboard, a first releasable rear stop (22) for safety, and a second releasable rear stop (22) for safety , said first and second releasable rear safety stops being mounted on said skiboard, for a releasable safety attachment, at least during a front fall of said skier, respectively of said first and second footwear.
EP94919730A 1993-06-28 1994-06-17 Equipment for binding a skier to a water ski or skiboard Expired - Lifetime EP0705196B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9308157A FR2707589B1 (en) 1993-06-28 1993-06-28 Equipment for connecting a skier to at least one water ski.
FR9308157 1993-06-28
PCT/FR1994/000734 WO1995000387A1 (en) 1993-06-28 1994-06-17 Equipment for binding a skier to a water ski or skiboard

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0705196A1 true EP0705196A1 (en) 1996-04-10
EP0705196B1 EP0705196B1 (en) 1997-05-07

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US (1) US5785566A (en)
EP (1) EP0705196B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69403078D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2707589B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995000387A1 (en)

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WO1998012103A1 (en) * 1996-09-20 1998-03-26 Terrance Fogarty Water ski binding systems
US7485022B2 (en) * 2004-03-10 2009-02-03 Jason Michael Starr Method and apparatus for surf skiing
US20060254094A1 (en) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-16 Pierre Blanger Universal safety foot holder for water-skiing
US7540797B1 (en) 2007-11-16 2009-06-02 Pierre Blanger Device and boot assembly for performing a gliding sport on water using a board of the water-ski type or the like
US9033754B2 (en) * 2013-05-20 2015-05-19 Craig D Gates Releasable binding systems
US9220970B1 (en) 2014-11-14 2015-12-29 The Burton Corporation Snowboard binding and boot
US10179272B2 (en) 2014-11-14 2019-01-15 The Burton Corporation Snowboard binding and boot
US9149711B1 (en) 2014-11-14 2015-10-06 The Burton Corporation Snowboard binding and boot
US9675867B2 (en) 2015-07-28 2017-06-13 X-Sports Ski binding equipment

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FR2626189B1 (en) * 1988-01-21 1990-03-09 Lauzier Sa ATTACHMENT FOR SKI, MONOSKI OR SNOW SURF
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69403078D1 (en) 1997-06-12
EP0705196B1 (en) 1997-05-07
FR2707589A1 (en) 1995-01-20
WO1995000387A1 (en) 1995-01-05
US5785566A (en) 1998-07-28
FR2707589B1 (en) 1995-11-17

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