EP0704248B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour l'extraction centrifuge d'huile de premier et second pressages - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour l'extraction centrifuge d'huile de premier et second pressages Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0704248B1
EP0704248B1 EP95202424A EP95202424A EP0704248B1 EP 0704248 B1 EP0704248 B1 EP 0704248B1 EP 95202424 A EP95202424 A EP 95202424A EP 95202424 A EP95202424 A EP 95202424A EP 0704248 B1 EP0704248 B1 EP 0704248B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radial
centrifugal extractor
oil
component
lighter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95202424A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0704248A1 (fr
Inventor
Gennaro Pieralisi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nuova Macchine Agricole Industriali Pieralisi MAIP SpA
Original Assignee
Nuova Macchine Agricole Industriali Pieralisi MAIP SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ITMI941985A external-priority patent/IT1270102B/it
Priority claimed from ITMI951564 external-priority patent/IT1275574B/it
Application filed by Nuova Macchine Agricole Industriali Pieralisi MAIP SpA filed Critical Nuova Macchine Agricole Industriali Pieralisi MAIP SpA
Publication of EP0704248A1 publication Critical patent/EP0704248A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0704248B1 publication Critical patent/EP0704248B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/06—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B04B2001/2041—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl with baffles, plates, vanes or discs attached to the conveying screw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B04B2001/2083—Configuration of liquid outlets

Definitions

  • the object of this invention is a process for the drawing of quantities of oil of different qualities by means of a centrifugal extractor and an appropriate centrifugal extractor capable of performing such differentiated extraction.
  • centrifugal extractors substantially comprising a scroll fitted inside a rotary drum and rotating in turn relative to the latter, which effect within the drum the separation and stratification of the various components of the product which is comprised of a solid part and two fluid parts of varying specific gravity.
  • the product to be separated comprises a substantially solid part, known as olive residue, which constitutes the waste; a first heavier fluid part, substantially consisting of water, which is also considered as waste; and a second, lighter fluid part substantially consisting of oil which forms the valuable part to be separated and recovered independently of the other two.
  • centrifugal separating machines of known type the product to be separated is normally fed to the machine in the form of crushed pulp with added water which, in the centrifugation phase becomes disposed radially to increase an intermediate separating layer between the solid and the oil, thereby bringing about improved separation of the oily component from the solid component.
  • the first oil to flow out is that extracted from the oil-bearing cell which, being already agglomerated, is readily extractable, while the last oil obtained from pressing is that located in the interstice between one cell and another, which is less mature and therefore of inferior quality.
  • the solid bottom residue on flowing out of the centrifuge, carries with it part of such valuable fluid component with a consequent reduction of yield and/or the need for a subsequent additional recovery operation, as well as part of the heavy fluid component which makes it necessary to maintain the product at a low level within the drum to enable the solid residue to drain to the greatest possible extent from the valuable component prior to flowing out of the extractor.
  • a further aim of this invention is the provision of a centrifugal extractor for products consisting of several components of varying specific gravity which make it possible to reduce to a minimum the quantity of valuable lighter fluid component flowing out of the separator together with the solid residue and to achieve at the same time the direct drawing of oils of different qualities including direct drawing of the oil of second or third choice which is normally lost with the residue, or recovered by subsequent separating operations applied to the said solid residue.
  • a further aim of the invention is to provide centrifuging systems capable of performing differentiated extraction of oils of different qualities.
  • a centrifugal extractor is essentially comprised of a fixed, substantially cylindrical casing 1, provided at its opposite ends with annular sections separated from one another and opening downward, forming radial collectors 1a, 1b, 1c for the recovery of the different components of the product to be separated which, in the particular case of processing of olives, are formed respectively by solid residue, known as olive residue, heavy fluid residue, consisting of water, and oil.
  • a rotary hollow drum 2 of substantially cylindrical-truncated cone shape, which is mounted on bearings 2a to enable it to rotate relative to casing 1, the drive for the said drum being of conventional type and therefore not shown in detail.
  • Such scroll 4 is substantially comprised of a hollow cylindrical-truncated cone body on which are formed outflow apertures for product 5 fed into it, in the direction of arrow P, by means of a pump, not shown, and a coaxial duct 5a.
  • a helix 4b which, on rotating in the direction opposite that of the drum, forces the solid residue to flow toward appropriate outlet 1a.
  • tube 5a concentrically to tube 5a is located a further tube 105 for the supply of water to the extractor.
  • Such water flows under pressure from holes or nozzles 105a and brings about fluid stratification which tends to promote a cleaner separation between the oil and the olive residue in the water outflow zone.
  • Front wall 2b of drum 2 has three pairs of holes, the first two pairs 6 and 7 of which are respectively located according to diameters perpendicular to one another, with different circumferences concentric to one another, and the third pair 8 is located according to a diameter forming an angle of 45° relative to the other two and a circumference with a radius smaller than that of the two pairs of holes 6 and 7.
  • the two pairs of holes 6 and 7 are located at a greater distance from the axis of rotation of scroll 4 and drum 2 than that of the third pair of holes 8, which are therefore closer to such axis of rotation.
  • holes 6 are associated with an outflow duct 6a ending in radial collector 1b where the lighter fluid component is collected, while holes 7 are associated with an inverted overfall duct 7a ending in radial collector 1c where the heavier component of product 5 is collected.
  • Holes 6 are furthermore closed in the axial direction by plugs 6b shaped with extensions 6c in order to bring about the opening or closure of duct 6a following the rotation of plug 6b in one direction or the other, thereby bringing about, in one case, the outflow of water on its own via hole 6 or, in the other case, the outflow of water together with the solid residue via opposite collector 1a.
  • the extractor operates with only two outlets (figs. 5 and 6): one 8 for the oil and one 1a for the olive residue and water.
  • a disc 9 provided with a concentric circular aperture having diametrically opposed, substantially rectangular slots 9a, capable of bringing about the opening of ducts 8 for the outflow of the light fluid component, in the case of an extractor having only two outlets.
  • the scroll of the centrifuge according to the invention is completed by a disc 11 or like solid piece fitted concentrically to said scroll 4.
  • the outside diameter of such disc is greater than the diameter of the circumference on which are located holes 8, so that the disc constitutes a barrier for separation in an axial direction of the oil of first pressing, which is forced into the drawing zone in an axial direction via such holes 8.
  • the centrifugal extractor according to the invention also provides further means for drawing the lighter fluid component in a radial direction, consisting of tubular pieces 12 inserted radially into drum 2 via holes 2d thereof, in such a way as to emerge at a point axially posterior to disc 11 in the direction of flow of the solid towards its own outlet 1a.
  • Such tubular pieces 12 have an inner end 12a located in relation to the level of stratification of the fluid component which it is required to collect, while opposite end 12b, located outside drum 2, flows into a collector 101 within fixed casing 1.
  • Such collector makes it possible to convey the drawn fluid toward duct 101a for the outflow and collection of the said fluid.
  • tubular pieces provision is also made for such tubular pieces to be located on the circumference of the drum in positions such as to maintain the dynamic balance of the separator during rotation. Furthermore, although the inclination of the tubular pieces with respect to the surface of drum 2 may be at any angle, it is obvious that the arrangement of radial tubes makes it possible to utilize the full centrifugal force determined by the rotary movement for the extraction of the oil in a radial direction.
  • the operation of the device is as follows: whether it is desired to process the product according to a so-called two-phase cycle (that is, with a single axial outflow of the valuable fluid and a single outlet for the intermixed solid residues and fluid), (fig. 5), or whether it is desired to process the product according to a so-called three-phase cycle (that is, with separate outflows of oil, water and solid), (fig. 2), there is brought about via disc 9 the opening or closure of the various extraction ducts from wall 2b, so that, as shown in fig.
  • Such radial drawing therefore reduces the quantity of oil which flows out with the residue, thereby increasing the overall output of the centrifugal extractor.
  • Such radially recovered oil constitutes the so-called oil of second pressing, i.e. that which requires longer centrifugation time in order to become separated from the oily pulp and which therefore, by not emerging rapidly, cannot be extracted axially to avoid reducing the quality of the oil of first pressing.
  • centrifugal extractor may be extended to processing with a liquid ring of thick section (fig. 5) and to the production of olive residue with a high moisture content.
  • the outlets in this case would be three in number, because of the presence of the new radial outlet.
  • annular zone of containment of the valuable fluid of second pressing which, in addition to being maintained more steady with respect to the direct current flow toward the outlet of the solid, may be better purged of the occurrence of any residues of water and solids still suspended in the oil.
  • Each radial drawing corresponds to a well-defined quality of oil which, if drawn via corresponding collectors 101 independent of one another, may be maintained separate.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé pour l'extraction d'huiles de différentes qualités à partir de pulpes oléagineuses comprenant la phase de séparation des différents composants fluides et solides constituant la pulpe, au moyen d'une séparation centrifuge dans un extracteur à axe horizontal, caractérisé en ce qu'il prévoit les phases suivantes:
    - alimentation de l'extracteur centrifuge horizontal en produit;
    - centrifugation;
    - maintien, dans une direction axiale, du composant fluide plus léger par un moyen radial;
    - retrait, dans une direction axiale, du composant fluide plus léger maintenu axialement, constituant une première qualité d'huile définie comme huile de première pression;
    - extraction, dans une direction radiale, d'au moins une quantité supplémentaire de composant fluide plus léger consistant en huile définie comme étant de seconde pression.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une multiplicité d'extractions, dans une direction radiale, du composant fluide plus léger, effectuées à des distances axiales préréglées, chaque extraction radiale conduisant à la sélection d'une huile de qualité bien définie par rapport à l'huile retirée dans les autres positions.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'une telle extraction sensiblement radiale du composant fluide plus léger est effectuée en aval du flux axial du solide à partir d'un tel moyen radial de maintien dudit composant plus léger.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un tel composant plus léger retiré radialement s'écoule avec une quantité préréglée de composant fluide plus lourd.
  5. Extracteur centrifuge pour le traitement de pulpes oléagineuses, comprenant un boîtier fixe (1), un tambour (2) fermé de face par une paroi (2b), équipée de tuyaux d'écoulement (6, 7, 8) dont l'écoulement s'effectue sensiblement dans la direction axiale du(es) composant(s) fluide(s) formant le produit à séparer, et un rouleau (4), tournant tous les deux, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un dispositif (11) pour le maintien dans une direction axiale du composant plus léger du produit et au moins une pièce (12), destinée au retrait, dans une direction sensiblement radiale, d'au moins un parmi de tels composants fluides du produit à séparer, associée à un moyen (101) pour le recueil et l'écoulement d'un tel composant fluide retiré.
  6. Extracteur centrifuge selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un tel moyen (12) de retrait radial est situé en aval du moyen (11) de maintien axial, dans la direction d'avancée du solide.
  7. Extracteur centrifuge selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un tel moyen de retrait radial est de préférence composé de pièces tubulaires (12), insérées, dans une direction sensiblement radiale, dans des logements étanches correspondants (2d) du tambour de rotation (2) jusqu'au niveau présélectionné de retrait.
  8. Extracteur centrifuge selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un tel moyen de recueil du composant retiré dans une direction radiale est composé d'un collecteur consistant en une double paroi de séparation périphérique (101), faisant partie du boîtier fixe (1), et équipé d'une ouverture (101a) d'où s'effectue l'écoulement de celui-ci.
  9. Extracteur centrifuge selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que de telles pièces tubulaires sont placées de préférence selon des directions radiales pouvant conserver l'équilibre dynamique du séparateur pendant la rotation.
  10. Extracteur centrifuge selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que de telles pièces tubulaires sont placées par paires, chaque élément de la paire étant placé diamétralement opposé à l'autre par rapport à l'axe de rotation.
  11. Extracteur centrifuge selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un tel dispositif pour le maintien dans une direction longitudinale du composant fluide plus léger du produit à séparer comprend de préférence au moins un disque (11) ou un élément similaire, solidaire du rouleau (4) entre deux tours de ce dernier, son profil étant coaxial auxdits tours et les croisant.
  12. Extracteur centrifuge selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un tel disque (11) possède un diamètre extérieur de longueur plus grande que la distance des orifices (8; 6) permettant l'écoulement dans la direction axiale du composant fluide léger par rapport à l'axe de rotation de l'extracteur centrifuge.
  13. Extracteur centrifuge selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que de tels dispositifs (11) pour le maintien du fluide léger sont au nombre de 2, situés sur des côtés opposés du moyen de retrait radial (12) dans une direction axiale, pour définir un tronçon annulaire de retrait.
  14. Extracteur centrifuge selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un moyen (105, 105a) d'alimentation du tambour en eau, placé de manière concentrique au moyen fournissant, dans une direction axiale, la pulpe oléagineuse à séparer.
  15. Extracteur centrifuge selon les revendications 5 et 14, caractérisé en ce qu'un tel moyen d'alimentation en eau est composé de busettes ou d'orifices radiaux réalisés dans un tube (105) coaxial au tube d'alimentation en pulpe.
EP95202424A 1994-09-29 1995-09-07 Procédé et dispositif pour l'extraction centrifuge d'huile de premier et second pressages Expired - Lifetime EP0704248B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI941985A IT1270102B (it) 1994-09-29 1994-09-29 Procedimento per l'estrazione di olio di prima e seconda spremitura mediante separatore centrifugo orizzontale e relativo separatore
ITMI941985 1994-09-29
ITMI951564 IT1275574B (it) 1995-07-20 1995-07-20 Procedimento per l'estrazione di olio di prima e seconda spremitura mediante estrattore centrifugo orizzontale e relativo estrattore
ITMI951564 1995-07-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0704248A1 EP0704248A1 (fr) 1996-04-03
EP0704248B1 true EP0704248B1 (fr) 1997-12-17

Family

ID=26331191

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95202424A Expired - Lifetime EP0704248B1 (fr) 1994-09-29 1995-09-07 Procédé et dispositif pour l'extraction centrifuge d'huile de premier et second pressages

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0704248B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2091735T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3025834T3 (fr)
TN (1) TNSN95096A1 (fr)
TR (1) TR199501176A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0785029B1 (fr) * 1996-01-18 2001-05-30 RAPANELLI FIORAVANTE S.p.A. Centrifugeuse horizontale pour l'extraction optimale d'huile
IT1285052B1 (it) * 1996-10-18 1998-06-03 Gennaretti S P A Centrifuga orizzontale per l'estrazione di olio da un impasto oleoso
ES2189564B1 (es) * 1998-11-16 2004-06-16 Nuova M.A.I.P. Macchine Agricole Industriali Pieralisi S.P.A. Aparato para la extraccion centrifuga, a partir de productos que producen aceite, tales como aceitunas y similares, de dos componentes liquidos, utilizacion del mismo y procedimiento para el secado y la separacion del aceite.
GR1004822B (el) * 1998-11-16 2005-02-23 Nuova M.A.I.P. Macchine Agricole Industriali Pieralisi S.P.A. Συσκευη για τη φυγοκεντρικη εκχυλιση υγρων συστατικων απο ελαιοφορα προιοντα και παρομοια, εφοδιασμενη με μεσα για την ακτινικη εκχυλιση του υγρου συστατικου με μεγαλυτερο ειδικο βαρος
IT1311908B1 (it) * 1999-04-06 2002-03-20 Nuova Maip Macchine Agric Procedimento per l'ottenimento di olio da oleaginose e simili mediantecentrifugazione con separazione della componente solida in due parti
GR1004594B (el) * 2001-04-12 2004-06-10 Nuova M.A.I.P. Macchine Agricole Industriali Pieralisi S.P.A. Συσκευη για τη φυγοκεντρικη εκχυλιση υγρων συστατικων απο ζυμες / υπολειμματα ελαιουχων καρπων με κινηση του ελαφροτερου υγρου συστατικου κατα την αυτη φορα με εκεινη του στερεου υπολειμματος
DE10121434B4 (de) * 2001-05-03 2004-08-12 Westfalia Separator Ag Vollmantel-Schneckenzentrifuge
TNSN04181A1 (en) * 2003-09-22 2007-03-12 Nuova M A I P -Macchine Agricole Ind Pieralisi S P A Method and plant for treating a residue resulting from a process for extracting oil from oil-containing produce.
ITMI20070345A1 (it) * 2007-02-22 2008-08-23 Nuova Maip Macchine Agricole Industriali Procedimento e apparecchiatura per la separazione e l'estrazione di differenti prodotti di paste di oleaginose e simili
CN102600992B (zh) * 2012-03-28 2013-11-06 湖南省三力士农机制造有限公司 卧式螺旋离心滤油机的油室
CN109999555A (zh) * 2019-05-16 2019-07-12 河南龙成煤高效技术应用有限公司 一种废水离心脱杂机

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1967084A1 (de) * 1968-04-18 1977-04-21 Martini Mario De Zentrifuge
FR2054722A5 (en) * 1969-07-24 1971-05-07 Saget Pierre Centrifuge sepg two liquids and a solid
FR2449467A1 (fr) * 1979-02-23 1980-09-19 Saget Pierre Procede et appareil perfectionne le mettant en oeuvre pour la separation centrifuge d'au moins deux phases liquides d'un melange
DE3134935A1 (de) * 1980-09-09 1982-06-09 Alfa-Laval Separation A/S, 2860 Soeborg "mitstrom-dekanterzentrifuge"
GB8328894D0 (en) * 1983-10-28 1983-11-30 Broadbent & Sons Ltd Thomas Decanting type centrifuges

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0704248A1 (fr) 1996-04-03
TR199501176A2 (tr) 1996-06-21
TNSN95096A1 (fr) 1996-02-06
ES2091735T1 (es) 1996-11-16
ES2091735T3 (es) 1998-02-16
GR3025834T3 (en) 1998-04-30

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