EP0703638B1 - Method and device for enlragement of the radiation diagram for an active antenna - Google Patents
Method and device for enlragement of the radiation diagram for an active antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0703638B1 EP0703638B1 EP95402101A EP95402101A EP0703638B1 EP 0703638 B1 EP0703638 B1 EP 0703638B1 EP 95402101 A EP95402101 A EP 95402101A EP 95402101 A EP95402101 A EP 95402101A EP 0703638 B1 EP0703638 B1 EP 0703638B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- beams
- phase
- columns
- radar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device broadening the radiation pattern of an active antenna.
- Active antennas are used more and more in speed cameras because they provide many advantages over conventional electronic scanning antennas. Among these advantages are note in particular the use of solid state components, better yield and a gentle degradation of their characteristics.
- Another advantage of active antennas is to be able to combine by calculation the signals received from the elementary sources of the antenna for simultaneously obtain the equivalent of a multitude of diagrams antenna. This is a technique known as “formation of beams by calculation ". This requires that the space covered by this set of beams was illuminated by the emission of the radar.
- the present invention relates to a method for expanding the radiation pattern of an active radar antenna so that the enlargement factor can be much greater than 2, without as much decrease the range of the radar, and without modifying the regime of operation of the power amplifiers of this radar, while obtaining a correct radiation pattern.
- the present invention also relates to a radar setting implements the process of the invention.
- the object of the invention is therefore the process of widening the radiation pattern of a active antenna comprising k.n columns or rows, of active modules, k being an integer greater than or equal to 1, according to claim 1.
- the radar according to the invention comprises a transmitter, a receiver and an antenna comprising k.n columns of active modules, and phase shifters according to claim 4.
- an active antenna 1 comprising n * m active modules MA arranged in a Cartesian network of n columns C1 to Cn each comprising m modules referenced, in each column, MA1 to MAm.
- the MA modules in each column are connected to a corresponding column distributor, respectively D1 to Dn.
- Each of these distributors is connected by a receiver element, respectively R1 to Rn, to a beam-forming matrix 2, in a deposit for example.
- This matrix 2 is either an analog beam forming matrix, or a beamforming matrix by calculation.
- Matrix 2 is connected to a radar transmitter not shown.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a diagram of the phases of the signals applied, in transmission, to the antenna 1.
- the number n of columns is a multiple of 3.
- the antenna is divided into three adjacent thirds each with the same number of columns, referenced TG (left third), TC (central third) and TD (right third), on the figure 2.
- TG left third
- TC central third
- TD right third
- Each of these third parties receives a phase law varying linearly with the abscissa of the column considered, but the slope of these linear laws varies from one third to another.
- Each third of the antenna thus generates a beam directive whose pointing direction is defined by the slope of its law of phase.
- the slopes of the three phase laws must have a sufficient distance so that the three bundles supplied are well separated and do not interfere with each other. From a practical point of view, we can estimate that this condition is fulfilled when the separation between the axes of the beams exceed three times the 3 dB width of these beams. So the three beams are far enough from each other not to create mutual interference, while presenting an emission diagram widened (of total width equal to nine times the width of the nominal beam of the antenna).
- the difference between the axis of the left lobe and the axis of the central lobe is equal to the difference between the axis of the central lobe and the axis of the right lobe.
- each has a width substantially equal to the nominal angular width of the complete antenna.
- matrix 2 of FIG. 1 which simultaneously implements nine laws of different phases, from linear preferences, which cover the angular range (in deposit in this case) in which the energy was radiated resignation.
- Figure 4 we have shown in Figure 4 that four of these phase laws.
- the phase laws are chosen to so as to obtain, for example, three groups of three adjacent beams, each group covering one of the enlarged lobes in which was carried out transmission.
- the beams are generally moved (new, in this case) thus formed, in order to cover without "holes" the area angular (on site and / or in deposit) monitored. This move is made by simultaneously varying the phases of the groups of beams.
- the method of the invention can be associated with conventional beam widening methods.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé et un dispositif d'élargissement du diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne active.The present invention relates to a method and a device broadening the radiation pattern of an active antenna.
Les antennes actives sont de plus en plus utilisées dans les radars parce qu'elles apportent de nombreux avantages par rapport aux antennes à balayage électronique classiques. Parmi ces avantages, on notera en particulier l'utilisation de composants à l'état solide, un meilleur rendement et une dégradation douce de leurs caractéristiques.Active antennas are used more and more in speed cameras because they provide many advantages over conventional electronic scanning antennas. Among these advantages are note in particular the use of solid state components, better yield and a gentle degradation of their characteristics.
Un autre avantage des antennes actives est de pouvoir combiner par calcul les signaux reçus des sources élémentaires de l'antenne pour obtenir simultanément l'équivalent d'une multitude de diagrammes d'antenne. Il s'agit là d'une technique connue sous le nom de "formation de faisceaux par le calcul". Cela nécessite que l'espace couvert par cet ensemble de faisceaux ait été illuminé par l'émission du radar.Another advantage of active antennas is to be able to combine by calculation the signals received from the elementary sources of the antenna for simultaneously obtain the equivalent of a multitude of diagrams antenna. This is a technique known as "formation of beams by calculation ". This requires that the space covered by this set of beams was illuminated by the emission of the radar.
Cependant, on ne peut pas élargir sensiblement le faisceau d'émission de ces antennes actives sans dégrader leurs caractéristiques. Un tel faisceau élargi est souvent nécessaire en mode veille, en particulier afin d'assurer un temps de mesure suffisant pour obtenir des conditions favorables en mesures Doppler (pour l'élimination des échos fixes).However, you cannot significantly broaden the beam emission of these active antennas without degrading their characteristics. A such an extended beam is often necessary in standby mode, in particular in order ensure sufficient measurement time to obtain conditions favorable in Doppler measurements (for the elimination of fixed echoes).
Le procédé classique d'élargissement de faisceau par utilisation
d'une loi de phase quadratique est limité à un élargissement de facteur 2 en
raison de la loi d'illumination uniforme imposée par les amplificateurs de
puissance des émetteurs radar, qui fonctionnent très généralement en
classe C, afin d'obtenir un bon rendement.The classic beam widening process by use
of a quadratic phase law is limited to a widening of
On pourrait envisager d"'éteindre", à l'émission, une partie de l'antenne, mais une telle solution serait rédhibitoire pour des facteurs d'élargissement de faisceau élevés, car alors le produit : (puissance d'émission gain) s'écroule, et par voie de conséquence, la portée du radar également.We could consider "extinguishing", on emission, part of the antenna, but such a solution would be prohibitive for factors high beam widening, because then the product: (power gain) collapses, and consequently the range of the radar also.
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé permettant d'élargir le diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne active de radar de façon que le facteur d'élargissement puisse être nettement supérieur à 2, sans pour autant diminuer la portée du radar, et sans modifier le régime de fonctionnement des amplificateurs de puissance de ce radar, tout en obtenant un diagramme de rayonnement correct.The present invention relates to a method for expanding the radiation pattern of an active radar antenna so that the enlargement factor can be much greater than 2, without as much decrease the range of the radar, and without modifying the regime of operation of the power amplifiers of this radar, while obtaining a correct radiation pattern.
La présente invention a également pour objet un radar mettant en oeuvre le procédé de l'invention.The present invention also relates to a radar setting implements the process of the invention.
L'invention a donc pour objet
le procédé d'élargissement du diagramme de rayonnement d'une
antenne active comportant k.n colonnes ou lignes, de modules actifs, k étant
un entier supérieur ou égal à 1, selon la revendication 1.The object of the invention is therefore
the process of widening the radiation pattern of a
active antenna comprising k.n columns or rows, of active modules, k being
an integer greater than or equal to 1, according to
Le radar conforme à l'invention comporte un émetteur, un récepteur et une antenne comportant k.n colonnes de modules actifs, et des déphaseurs selon la revendication 4.The radar according to the invention comprises a transmitter, a receiver and an antenna comprising k.n columns of active modules, and phase shifters according to claim 4.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation, pris à titre d'exemple non limitatif et illustré par le dessin annexé, sur lequel :
- la figure 1 est un schéma simplifié d'une partie d'un radar conforme à l'invention,
- la figure 2 est un diagramme des déphasages appliqués en émission, aux différentes parties de l'antenne de la figure 1, dans le cas où cette antenne est divisée en trois parties,
- la figure 3 est un diagramme des faisceaux d'émission, en fonction du gisement, de l'antenne de l'invention, à laquelle sont appliqués les déphasages selon la figure 2,
- la figure 4 est un diagramme des lois de phase appliquées en réception à l'antenne de l'invention, et
- la figure 5 est un diagramme des faisceaux de réception, en fonction du gisement, de l'antenne de l'invention.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of part of a radar in accordance with the invention,
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of the phase shifts applied in transmission, to the different parts of the antenna of FIG. 1, in the case where this antenna is divided into three parts,
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of the transmission beams, as a function of the deposit, of the antenna of the invention, to which the phase shifts according to FIG. 2 are applied,
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of the phase laws applied to reception on the antenna of the invention, and
- FIG. 5 is a diagram of the reception beams, as a function of the deposit, of the antenna of the invention.
L'invention est décrite ci-dessous en référence à l'élargissement en gisement du diagramme d'une antenne, mais il est bien entendu que l'élargissement pourrait aussi être réalisé en site, au lieu du gisement ou en plus de celui-ci.The invention is described below with reference to the enlargement in the face of the diagram of an antenna, but it is understood that the enlargement could also be carried out on site, instead of the deposit or in more of it.
On a schématiquement représenté en figure 1 une antenne active
1 comportant n*m modules actifs MA disposés en un réseau cartésien de n
colonnes C1 à Cn comportant chacune m modules référencés, dans chaque
colonne, MA1 à MAm. Les modules MA de chaque colonne sont reliés à un
distributeur de colonne correspondant, respectivement D1 à Dn. Chacun de
ces distributeurs est relié par un élément de récepteur, respectivement R1 à
Rn, à une matrice 2 de formation de faisceaux, en gisement par exemple.
Cette matrice 2 est soit une matrice de formation de faisceaux analogique,
soit une matrice de formation de faisceaux par le calcul. La matrice 2 est
reliée à un émetteur radar non représenté.There is schematically shown in Figure 1 an
On a représenté en figure 2 un exemple de diagramme des
phases des signaux appliqués, en émission, à l'antenne 1. Pour cet
exemple, le nombre n de colonnes est un multiple de 3. On considère les
colonnes dans l'ordre depuis un côté vers l'autre. L'antenne est divisée en
trois tiers adjacents comportant chacun le même nombre de colonnes,
référencés TG (tiers gauche), TC (tiers central) et TD (tiers droit), sur la
figure 2. Chacun de ces tiers reçoit une loi de phase variant linéairement
avec l'abscisse de la colonne considérée, mais la pente de ces lois linéaires
varie d'un tiers à l'autre. Chaque tiers d'antenne génère ainsi un faisceau
directif dont la direction de pointage est définie par la pente de sa loi de
phase.FIG. 2 shows an example of a diagram of the
phases of the signals applied, in transmission, to the
Sur la figure 3, on a représenté, en coordonnées cartésiennes, le diagramme, en fonction du gisement, des faisceaux produits par l'antenne alimentée de la façon décrite ci-dessus en référence à la figure 2. On obtient trois lobes de faisceaux sensiblement identiques, dont chacun présente une largeur angulaire L (à -3dB) égale à trois fois celle du lobe du faisceau nominal de l'antenne active classique complète. Sur cette figure 3, on a noté D les entraxes des trois lobes, D étant proportionnel à l'angle α (voir figure 2), et on a noté D1 la distance entre l'axe du lobe central et l'axe A de l'antenne, D1 étant proportionnelle à α0 (voir figure 2).In Figure 3, we have shown, in Cartesian coordinates, the diagram, depending on the location, of the beams produced by the antenna supplied as described above with reference to Figure 2. We obtain three substantially identical beam lobes, each of which has a angular width L (at -3dB) equal to three times that of the beam lobe nominal of the full conventional active antenna. In this figure 3, we noted D the centers of the three lobes, D being proportional to the angle α (see figure 2), and we denote by D1 the distance between the axis of the central lobe and the axis A of the antenna, D1 being proportional to α0 (see Figure 2).
Les pentes des trois lois de phases doivent avoir entre elles un écart suffisant pour que les trois faisceaux fournis soient bien séparés et n'interfèrent pas entre eux. D'un point de vue pratique, on peut estimer que cette condition est réalisée lorsque la séparation entre les axes des faisceaux excède trois fois la largeur à 3 dB de ces faisceaux. Ainsi, les trois faisceaux sont suffisamment éloignés les uns des autres pour ne pas créer d'interférences mutuelles, tout en présentant un diagramme d'émission élargi (de largeur totale égale à neuf fois la largeur du faisceau nominal de l'antenne).The slopes of the three phase laws must have a sufficient distance so that the three bundles supplied are well separated and do not interfere with each other. From a practical point of view, we can estimate that this condition is fulfilled when the separation between the axes of the beams exceed three times the 3 dB width of these beams. So the three beams are far enough from each other not to create mutual interference, while presenting an emission diagram widened (of total width equal to nine times the width of the nominal beam of the antenna).
Il est avantageux, sans que cela soit une obligation, que l'écart entre l'axe du lobe de gauche et l'axe du lobe central soit égal à l'écart entre l'axe du lobe central et l'axe du lobe de droite. Ceci implique que l'écart entre les pentes des lois de phase soit le même entre le tiers gauche et le tiers central qu'entre le tiers central et le tiers de droite (angle α sur la figure 2).It is advantageous, without this being an obligation, that the difference between the axis of the left lobe and the axis of the central lobe is equal to the difference between the axis of the central lobe and the axis of the right lobe. This implies that the gap between the slopes of the phase laws be the same between the left third and the central third than between the central third and the right third (angle α in the figure 2).
Pour illuminer tout l'espace dans lequel le radar est censé fonctionner, il suffit de maintenir constant l'angle α, ce qui impose l'espacement entre les trois lobe, et d'effectuer le balayage en azimut de l'espace souhaité à l'aide des trois faisceaux en faisant varier l'angle α0 (figure 2) qui définit le pointage du faisceau central.To illuminate all the space in which the radar is supposed to just keep the angle α constant, which requires the spacing between the three lobes, and perform the azimuth scan of the desired space using the three beams by varying the angle α0 (figure 2) which defines the pointing of the central beam.
A la réception, on forme simultanément neuf faisceaux dont
chacun a une largeur sensiblement égale à la largeur angulaire nominale de
l'antenne complète. Ceci est réalisé grâce à la matrice 2 de la figure 1 qui
met en oeuvre simultanément neuf lois des phases différentes, de
préférence linéaires, qui permettent de couvrir le domaine angulaire (en
gisement dans le cas présent) dans lequel a été rayonnée l'énergie
d'émission. Pour simplifier le dessin, on n' a représenté en figure 4 que
quatre de ces lois de phases.At the reception, nine beams are formed simultaneously,
each has a width substantially equal to the nominal angular width of
the complete antenna. This is achieved thanks to the
Comme on le voit en figure 5, les lois de phases sont choisies de façon à obtenir, par exemple, trois groupes de trois faisceaux adjacents, chaque groupe recouvrant l'un des lobes élargis dans lequel s'est réalisée l'émission. En état de veille, on déplace globalement les faisceaux (neuf, dans le cas présent) ainsi formés, afin de couvrir sans "trous" le domaine angulaire (en site et/ou en gisement) surveillé. Ce déplacement est effectué en faisant varier simultanément les phases des groupes de faisceaux.As seen in Figure 5, the phase laws are chosen to so as to obtain, for example, three groups of three adjacent beams, each group covering one of the enlarged lobes in which was carried out transmission. In the standby state, the beams are generally moved (new, in this case) thus formed, in order to cover without "holes" the area angular (on site and / or in deposit) monitored. This move is made by simultaneously varying the phases of the groups of beams.
De façon générale, lorsqu'on divise une antenne comportant k.n colonnes (ou lignes) en n groupes égaux adjacents, on obtient, selon l'invention, un élargissement de la largeur du faisceau d'origine de n2. En pratique, ces élargissements peuvent être de 1, 4, 9, 16, 25...In general, when an antenna comprising kn columns (or rows) is divided into n adjacent equal groups, according to the invention, the width of the original beam of n 2 is widened. In practice, these enlargements can be 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 ...
Bien entendu, le procédé de l'invention peut être associé aux procédés classiques d'élargissement de faisceau.Of course, the method of the invention can be associated with conventional beam widening methods.
Claims (6)
- Method of broadening the radiation diagram of an active antenna having k.n columns or rows of active modules, k being an integer greater than or equal to 1, characterized in that it consists in dividing the antenna into n adjacent groups of k columns, in applying, during transmission, a signal with its own phase law to each of the n groups in order to form n transmission beams and, during reception, in forming n2 simultaneous beams, each having an angular width equal to the angular width of the nominal beam of the full antenna, the relative phase shifts of these beams each following a different law, this set of transmission and reception beams being moved as a whole in order to cover all of the desired angular range.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, during transmission, at least some of the phase laws are linear.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, during reception, at least some of the phase-shift laws are linear.
- Radar having a transmitter, a receiver and an antenna having k.n columns or rows of active modules and phase shifters, characterized in that the transmitter has circuits applying different control signals to the corresponding phase shifters (D1...Dn) for each of n adjacent groups of k columns of active modules (MA), the receiver is connected to a beam-formation matrix (2) and the said phase shifters and the matrix are controlled according to the method of Claims 1 to 3.
- Radar according to Claim 4, characterized in that the beam-formation matrix is of the type which forms beams by computation.
- Radar according to Claim 4, characterized in that the beam-formation matrix is of the analogue type.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9411377 | 1994-09-23 | ||
| FR9411377A FR2725075B1 (en) | 1994-09-23 | 1994-09-23 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ENLARGING THE RADIATION DIAGRAM OF AN ACTIVE ANTENNA |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0703638A1 EP0703638A1 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
| EP0703638B1 true EP0703638B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 |
Family
ID=9467215
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95402101A Expired - Lifetime EP0703638B1 (en) | 1994-09-23 | 1995-09-19 | Method and device for enlragement of the radiation diagram for an active antenna |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5774090A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0703638B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69518048T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2725075B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6583760B2 (en) | 1998-12-17 | 2003-06-24 | Metawave Communications Corporation | Dual mode switched beam antenna |
| US6198434B1 (en) | 1998-12-17 | 2001-03-06 | Metawave Communications Corporation | Dual mode switched beam antenna |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3509577A (en) * | 1968-11-14 | 1970-04-28 | Gen Electric | Tandem series-feed system for array antennas |
| FR2101100B1 (en) * | 1970-08-21 | 1973-11-23 | Thomson Csf | |
| FR2153164B1 (en) * | 1971-09-22 | 1976-10-29 | Thomson Csf | |
| FR2646924B1 (en) * | 1976-07-13 | 1991-10-25 | Thomson Csf | ANTI-SCALING METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC SENSING EQUIPMENT COMPRISING A REFLECTOR ANTENNA, ANTENNA AND EQUIPMENT THUS OBTAINED |
| FR2638531B1 (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1992-03-20 | Thomson Csf | SUM AND DIFFERENCE INTEGRATION SYSTEM I.F.F. IN A RADAR SURVEILLANCE ANTENNA |
| FR2640821B1 (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1991-05-31 | Thomson Csf | ANTENNA WITH THREE-DIMENSIONAL COVERAGE AND ELECTRONIC SCANNING, OF THE RAREFIELD RANDOM VOLUME NETWORK TYPE |
| FR2649544B1 (en) * | 1989-07-04 | 1991-11-29 | Thomson Csf | MULTI-BEAM ANTENNA SYSTEM WITH ACTIVE MODULES AND BEAM FORMATION THROUGH DIGITAL CALCULATION |
| FR2649490B1 (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1991-09-20 | Thomson Csf | ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY RADIATION SENSOR |
| FR2649543B1 (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1991-11-29 | Thomson Csf | HYPERFREQUENCY ENERGY DISTRIBUTOR THAT CAN RADIATE DIRECTLY |
| FR2654555B1 (en) * | 1989-11-14 | 1992-06-19 | Thomson Csf | GUIDE TO RADIANT SLOTS NOT INCLINED WITH EXCITATION BY RADIATION PATTERN. |
| FR2655202B1 (en) * | 1989-11-24 | 1992-02-07 | Thomson Csf | CIRCULAR POLARIZATION ANTENNA, ESPECIALLY FOR ANTENNA NETWORK. |
| FR2664985B1 (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1992-11-27 | Thomson Csf | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE SITE ANGLE FOR A RADAR EQUIPPED WITH A REFLECTOR ANTENNA OF THE DOUBLE CURVED TYPE. |
| DE69319689T2 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1999-02-25 | Atr Optical And Radio Communications Research Laboratories, Kyoto | Device and method for controlling a group antenna with a plurality of antenna elements |
| FR2697949B1 (en) * | 1992-11-06 | 1995-01-06 | Thomson Csf | Antenna for radar, in particular for designation and trajectography. |
| US5414433A (en) * | 1994-02-16 | 1995-05-09 | Raytheon Company | Phased array radar antenna with two-stage time delay units |
-
1994
- 1994-09-23 FR FR9411377A patent/FR2725075B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-09-18 US US08/529,612 patent/US5774090A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-19 DE DE69518048T patent/DE69518048T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-19 EP EP95402101A patent/EP0703638B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69518048D1 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
| DE69518048T2 (en) | 2001-03-22 |
| FR2725075A1 (en) | 1996-03-29 |
| US5774090A (en) | 1998-06-30 |
| FR2725075B1 (en) | 1996-11-15 |
| EP0703638A1 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
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