EP0702591A1 - Pollution control method and device enabling complete removal of nitrogen oxides from combustion gases in combustion processes - Google Patents
Pollution control method and device enabling complete removal of nitrogen oxides from combustion gases in combustion processesInfo
- Publication number
- EP0702591A1 EP0702591A1 EP95913437A EP95913437A EP0702591A1 EP 0702591 A1 EP0702591 A1 EP 0702591A1 EP 95913437 A EP95913437 A EP 95913437A EP 95913437 A EP95913437 A EP 95913437A EP 0702591 A1 EP0702591 A1 EP 0702591A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- oxygen
- air
- nitrogen
- separation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
- C01B13/0248—Physical processing only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/24—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by centrifugal force
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
- B04B5/08—Centrifuges for separating predominantly gaseous mixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
- C01B2210/0043—Impurity removed
- C01B2210/0046—Nitrogen
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method and a device which ensures the cleaning of combustion processes by the total elimination of nitrogen oxides from combustion gases.
- the invention can be used for cleaning up combustion processes, anywhere combustion processes are used: internal combustion, turbine or reagent engines, thermal power plants, steelworks, thermal drilling, gasifier, cement manufacturing and lime, district thermal power stations, heating stoves in common use, etc.
- combustion gases have in their composition carbon dioxide, water vapors, nitrogen, nitrogen oxides and oxygen residues, as a result of excess air with which we work specially, of which nitrogen oxides are claimed as very harmful for the ambient environment, inclusive for the ozone layer; moreover, by the very high nitrogen content in the air (78.03% volume or 75.47% weight H ⁇ tte, p.538), the heat loss by the combustion gases is approximately 31.2% (Hutte, p. 619).
- the process for the depollution of combustion processes by the total elimination of nitrogen oxides from combustion gases eliminates the disadvantages mentioned by the fact that, instead of the natural air necessary for combustion , applies a mixture consisting of combustion gases taken from the discharge and pure oxygen taken from a separation device by ultracentrifugation, adequate homogenized, in proportion suitable for high-efficiency combustion, thereby comprising a composition of the mixture formed of up to 79.0% volume of combustion gas and 21.0 ...
- the invention offers the possibility of fuel coloring in parallel with the allocation of the oxygen necessary for total combustion, by modifying the ratio between the recirculated combustion gases to 79.0 ... 0.0% to because of the increase in the quantity of oxygen from 21.0% to 100.0%, a ratio which can be chosen as desired, the composition of the exhaust gases exhausted being, at an excess coefficient of 1.05, about 45.39% carbon dioxide, 51.06 water vapor and 3.55 oxygen.
- the device for the depollution of combustion processes by the total elimination of nitrogen oxides from combustion gases eliminates the disadvantages mentioned by that it provides the pure oxygen necessary for the production of the mixture.
- synthetic for the application of the process by the separation of the latter from the air under effective conditions and in continuous flow, by ultracentrifugation, more easily than by all the other methods already known.
- the centrifugal device in two degrees of separation consists of a sectioned carcass-stator, provided with evacuation orifices for nitrogen, for oxygen, for residual air and for air intake, rigidly mounted to the stator of the drive motor, not shown in the figure, an air intake turbine and a centrifugal separator rotor constituted by the air distributor, the surface which has the shape of a truncated cone, provided with evacuation orifices for oxygen in the first degree of separation, the part with circular slot which ensures the second phase of separation of oxygen, provided with evacuation orifices residual air and air intake in the separator, all rigidly mounted, after mounting the spacers, the whole assembly being mounted on an axis of rotation can be fixed by means of a bearing in a rigid support.
- the two circular slits by construction, can be dimensioned in such a way that the separator can allow the production of either pure oxygen on the oxygen path, or pure nitrogen on the nitrogen path .
- the separator can allow the production of either pure oxygen on the oxygen path, or pure nitrogen on the nitrogen path .
- the advantages of this invention are: the total elimination of nitrogen oxides from the combustion gases escaped into the atmosphere; the reduction of certainly of heat by the exhaust gases evacuated with approximately 23.0% due to the decrease of approximately 3.8 times in the volume of exhaust gases, in which nitrogen and its oxidation products are no longer found, which, in natural air, are in proportion of 79.0%, thus increasing the thermal efficiency of combustion; the reduction of the noise caused in the exhaust pipes as a consequence of the reduction in the flow rate of exhaust gases, by approximately 3.8 times, at the same time with the reduction of the back pressure - important - of the exhaust pipe; the increase in engine power with around 20.0% compared to the varia .
- the invention offers the possibility of increasing the fuel intake in parallel with the allocation of l required for total combustion, by changing the ratio of recirculated combustion gases from 79.0% to 0.0%, due to the increase in the amount of oxygen from 21.0% to 'at 100.0%, inclusive of the contribution of the caloric supplement of the recirculated combustion gases.
- the centrifugal device in two degrees of separation is composed of a sectioned carcass-stator 1, 2,3 and 4, provided with evacuation orifices for nitrogen 1a,, for the 'oxygen 1 b., ( and 2a ⁇ ⁇ , for residual air 3a.,, and for air suction 4a, rigidly mounted to the stator of the drive motor, not shown in the figure, a turbine air intake 5 and a centrifugal separator rotor constituted by the air distributor 6, the surface which has the frustoconical shape 7, provided with discharge openings for nitrogen 7a 1m
- the first degree of separation of oxygen and the circular slit piece 10 which provides the second phase of separation of oxygen, provided with s air evacuation orifices 10a 1 , and for admission of air into the separator 10b 1 ,, all rigidly mounted, after the spacers 1 have been mounted, the entire assembly being mounted on an axis rotation by tightening the nut.
- the device in operation draws atmospheric air through the turbine 5 which is refuted by the orifices 10b, , then dispersed by the distributor 6 towards the frustoconical surface 8 where there is a first separation of the oxygen from the nitrogen thanks to the difference in density in the ultracentrifugal field, the oxygen moving in film descending on the frustoconical surface 8 towards the first circular slot 9 ⁇ ui ensures this separation, the nitrogen continuing its path towards the exit of the device, by the evacuation orifices 7a-,, and 1a-, , and the oxygen passes into the second degree of separation through the evacuation orifices 8a, , where is repeated amplified because of the distance from the center of rotation of the second frustoconical surface 7, on which the process of separation of the last traces of nitrogen is repeated, so that by the circular slot 10 separates the pure oxygen which is evacuated by the orifices 7b-, ,, 1b- ,, and 2a 1 , separates on the outside of the device, from
- the synthetic mixture formed of carbon dioxide and water vapors both taken from the evacuated combustion gases and the oxygen discharged from the centrifugal device ensures the ratio projected to obtain a high-efficiency combustion, the residual air of the second degree of separation being discharged into the atmosphere through the discharge orifices 10a,, and 3.,,.
- the axis of rotation can be fixed by a bearing in a rigid support.
- the two circular slits 9, 10, by construction, can be dimensioned in such a way that the separator can allow the production either of pure oxygen on the oxygen path, or of pure nitrogen on the path of the nitrogen.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Pollution from combustion processes may be controlled by completely removing nitrogen oxides. Combustion processes are widely used, e.g. in internal combustion engines, turbine engines, jet engines, thermal power stations, steel plants, fusion piercing, gas generators, cement and lime production, district heating stations, common heating stoves, etc. The invention comprises replacing the air needed to burn fuels with a synthetic mixture of discharged combustion gases and pure oxygen in proportions suitable for high efficiency combustion. The mixture is prepared more readily than in other known methods by separating a continuous stream of air using a centrifugal device under suitable conditions. The device consists of a sectional stator frame (1, 2, 3 and 4), an air intake turbine (5) and a centrifugal separator rotor consisting of an air distributor (6), frusto-conical surfaces (7 and 8) and members with circular slots (9, 10) for separating oxygen from nitrogen, by means of the difference in densities in the ultracentrifugal field, through outlets corresponding to each gas flow path.
Description
PROCÉDÉ ET DISPOSITIF POUR METHOD AND DEVICE FOR
LA DÉPOLLUTION DES PROCÈS DE COMBUSTIONDEPOLLUTION OF COMBUSTION TRIALS
PAR L'ÉLIMINATION TOTALE DES OXYDES D'AZOTEBY TOTAL ELIMINATION OF NITROGEN OXIDES
DES GAZ DE COMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION GASES
Présentation de l'inventionPresentation of the invention
Cette invention se réfère à un procédé et un dispositif qui assure la dépollution des procès de combustion par l'élimination totale des oxydes d'azote des gaz de combustion.This invention relates to a method and a device which ensures the cleaning of combustion processes by the total elimination of nitrogen oxides from combustion gases.
L'invention peut être utilisée pour la dépollution des procès de combustion, n'importe où on utilise des procès de combustion: moteurs à explosion, à turbine ou à reactifs, centrales thermiques, aciéries, forage thermique, gazogène, la fabrication du ciment et de la chaux, centrales thermiques de quartier, poêles de chauffage d'usage courant, etc.The invention can be used for cleaning up combustion processes, anywhere combustion processes are used: internal combustion, turbine or reagent engines, thermal power plants, steelworks, thermal drilling, gasifier, cement manufacturing and lime, district thermal power stations, heating stoves in common use, etc.
Stade de la technique II est connu que les gaz de combustion ont dans leur composition du bioxyde de carbone, des vapeurs d'eau, azote, oxydes d'azote et des restes d'oxygène, à la suite de l'excès d'air avec lequel on travaille spécialement, d'entre lesquels les oxydes d'azote sont réclamés comme très nocifs pour le milieu ambiant, inclusivement pour la couche d'ozone; de plus, par le contenu d'azote très élevé dans l'air (78.03% volume ou 75.47% poids Hϋtte, p.538), la perte de chaleur par les gaz de combustion est d'environ 31.2% (Hutte, p.619).Stage of the technique It is known that combustion gases have in their composition carbon dioxide, water vapors, nitrogen, nitrogen oxides and oxygen residues, as a result of excess air with which we work specially, of which nitrogen oxides are claimed as very harmful for the ambient environment, inclusive for the ozone layer; moreover, by the very high nitrogen content in the air (78.03% volume or 75.47% weight Hϋtte, p.538), the heat loss by the combustion gases is approximately 31.2% (Hutte, p. 619).
Il est aussi connu que la puissance d'un moteur à explosion, par exemple, pour une même capacité cylindrique est limité par le contenu en oxygène de l'air aspiré et ses conditions thermodynamiques, pour lesquelles on peut pas dépasser la quantité de combustible nécessaire pour le procès de combustion, la construction d'un moteur à explosion se basant sur ce compromis, étant évidemment que sa puissance purrait élever dans le cas que le contenu en oxygène de l'air serait plus grand que 21.00% volume ou 23.20% poids, dans cette situation étant possible d'injecter une plus grande quantité de combustible. En outre, il est connu que pour la dépollution des moteurs à explosion, dans le but de la protection du milieu ambiant, on a construit des êpurateurs catalytiques qui sont montés sur le tracé d'évacuation des gaz de combustion pour diminuer le contenu en oxydes d'azote avec environ 90%, celles-ci diminuant en échange le rendement du moteur avec environ 7%, spécialement par la contrepression créée dans la colonne d'échappement, avec l'obligation d'utiliser d'essence sans plomb, pour ne pas empoissoner le système catalytique constitué
par platine, palladium et rhodium. On doit mentionner que, à part la fragilité, l'êpurateur ayant une durée de service qui ne dépasse pas 70.000 km parcourus, l'êpurateur est aussi très cher, environ 10% du prix d'une nouvelle automobile. On n'a pas encore mis en évidence le phénomène que l'empoissonnement du catalysateur peut aussi avoir lieu par l'aspiration de l'air qui contient des particules de plomb échappés par les automobiles pas protégées qui existent dans le trafic.It is also known that the power of an internal combustion engine, for example, for the same cylindrical capacity is limited by the oxygen content of the aspirated air and its thermodynamic conditions, for which the quantity of fuel required cannot be exceeded. for the combustion process, the construction of an internal combustion engine based on this compromise, being obviously that its power could increase in the case that the oxygen content of the air would be greater than 21.00% volume or 23.20% weight , in this situation being possible to inject a larger amount of fuel. In addition, it is known that for the depollution of internal combustion engines, for the purpose of protecting the environment, catalytic purifiers have been constructed which are mounted on the combustion gas evacuation route to reduce the oxide content. nitrogen with about 90%, these in return decreasing the engine efficiency with about 7%, especially by the back pressure created in the exhaust column, with the obligation to use unleaded petrol, to avoid not poison the catalytic system constituted by platinum, palladium and rhodium. It should be mentioned that, apart from the fragility, the purifier having a service life which does not exceed 70,000 km traveled, the purifier is also very expensive, around 10% of the price of a new automobile. We have not yet demonstrated the phenomenon that the poisoning of the catalyst can also take place by the aspiration of air which contains particles of lead escaped by unprotected automobiles which exist in traffic.
Il faut aussi mentionner qu'à la production actuelle mondiale, stabilisée à environ 35,0 mil. pièces par an seulement pour les autos de turisme, pour l'entier parc existant en exploitation, de centaines de millions d'exemplaires, il n'existent pas de ressources d'éléments avec propriétés catalytiques.It should also be mentioned that current world production has stabilized at around 35.0 mil. parts per year only for tourist cars, for the entire existing fleet in operation, hundreds of millions of copies, there are no resources of elements with catalytic properties.
Une autre solution pour diminuer le contenu en oxydes d'azote des gaz d'échappement est constituée par la recirculation d'une part des gaz brûlées, suivie par l'injectation d'une quantité supplémentaire d'air, à une surpression d'environ 0,9 bar, par l'entremise d'un turbocompresseur. II ne faut pas oublier que cette action de dépollution des procès de combustion n'a pas été appliquée dans les domains qui constituent l'importance principale dans la dépollution du milieu ambiant, et notamment dans les centrales thermo-électriques, centrales thermiques de quartier, la fabrication du ciment et de la chaux, les moteurs d'aviation, navales et transport ferroviaire, inclusivement celles stationaires, dans les aciéries, la gazéification des charbons, etc.Another solution for reducing the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gases consists in the recirculation on the one hand of the burnt gases, followed by the injection of an additional quantity of air, at an overpressure of approximately 0.9 bar, through a turbocharger. It should not be forgotten that this action of depollution of combustion processes has not been applied in the fields which constitute the main importance in the depollution of the ambient environment, and in particular in thermoelectric power stations, district thermal power stations, the manufacture of cement and lime, aviation, naval and rail transport engines, including stationary ones, in steelworks, gasification of coals, etc.
Présentation de la solutionPresentation of the solution
Le procédé pour la dépollution des procès de combustion par l'élimination totale des oxydes d'azote des gaz de combustion, conformément à l'invention, élimine les désavantages mentionnés par le fait que, au lieu de l'air naturel nécessaire à la combustion, applique un mélange constitué par des gaz de combustion pris de l'évacuation et de l'oxigène pur pris d'un dispositif de séparation par ultracentrifugation, homogénéisé adéquat, en proportion convenable pour une combustion de haut rendement, par ça comprennant une composition du mélange formée de jusqu'à 79,0% volume de gaz de combustion et 21 ,0...100,0% oxigène, correspondant à la quantité de combustible utilisée, assurant ainsi une diminution d'environ 3,8 fois du volume de gaz brûlés évacués, parce que, par différence de la combustion normale actuelle avec de l'air naturel atmosphérique, avec une composition de 79,0% azote et 21 ,0% oxygène, quand pour la combustion d'un volume de combustible gazeux sont nécessaires, à un coefficient d'excès d'air de 1 ,05, de 62,5 volumes d'air du quel 13,125 volumes d'oxygène, face à 12,5 volumes d'oxygène en quantité stoequiometriqυe qui, après la combustion, produit 66,375 volumes de gaz échappés, desquels 74,39% azote. 12,05% bloxyde de carbone et 13,56% vapeurs d'eau, à la combustion du même volume de combustible gazeux, conformément à l'invention, avec de l'air synthétique il sont nécessaire seulement 13,125 volumes d'oxygène, la différence de 49,375 volumes (79,0% de la composition) tant des gaz de combustion récirculés, ce cette manière se produisant après la combustion seulement 17,625 volumes de gaz d'évacuation, c'est-à-dire dans une proportion de 26,55% du
volume de gaz de combustion échappés dans la variante sans l'intervention de l'invention ou leur réduction avec 73,45%, avec toutes les avantages supplémentaires qui résultent d'ici: la diminution du bruit produit par le tuyau d'échappement, la diminution de la contrepression dans le tuyau d'échappement, et une augmentation de la puissance en conséquence, etc, par exemple, chez les automobiles, une augmentation du rendement thermique à la suite de la diminution des pertes de chaleur par les gaz de combustion évacués, avec environ 23,0%, une augmentation de la puissance du moteur par rapport à la variante avec êpurateur catalytique d'environ 20,0%, et aussi la possibilité de l'augmentation de la puissance du moteur pour la même capacité cylindrique, dans le cas des moteurs, comprennant par. ça que l'invention offre la possibilité de la maroration de combustible paralièment avec l'allocation de l'oxygène nécessaire à la combustion totale, par la modification du rapport entre les gaz de combustion récirculés à79,0...0,0% à cause de l'augmentation de la quantité d'oxygène de 21 ,0% vers 100,0%, rapport qui peut être choisi comme on veut, la composition des gaz brûlés évacués étant, à un coefficient d'excès de 1 ,05, d'environ 45,39% bioxyde de carbone, 51 ,06 vapeurs d'eau et 3,55 oxygène.The process for the depollution of combustion processes by the total elimination of nitrogen oxides from combustion gases, in accordance with the invention, eliminates the disadvantages mentioned by the fact that, instead of the natural air necessary for combustion , applies a mixture consisting of combustion gases taken from the discharge and pure oxygen taken from a separation device by ultracentrifugation, adequate homogenized, in proportion suitable for high-efficiency combustion, thereby comprising a composition of the mixture formed of up to 79.0% volume of combustion gas and 21.0 ... 100.0% oxygen, corresponding to the amount of fuel used, thus ensuring an approximately 3.8-fold reduction in the volume of burnt gases discharged, because, by difference from the current normal combustion with natural atmospheric air, with a composition of 79.0% nitrogen and 21.0% oxygen, when for the combustion of a volume of fuel g azeux are necessary, at a coefficient of excess air of 1.05, of 62.5 volumes of air of which 13.125 volumes of oxygen, in front of 12.5 volumes of oxygen in quantity stoequiometriqυe which, after the combustion produces 66.375 volumes of escaped gas, of which 74.39% nitrogen. 12.05% carbon dioxide and 13.56% water vapors, on combustion of the same volume of gaseous fuel, according to the invention, with synthetic air only 13.125 volumes of oxygen are required, the difference of 49.375 volumes (79.0% of the composition) both of the recirculated combustion gases, this manner occurring after combustion only 17.625 volumes of exhaust gas, that is to say in a proportion of 26, 55% of volume of combustion gases escaped in the variant without the intervention of the invention or their reduction with 73.45%, with all the additional advantages which result from here: the reduction of the noise produced by the exhaust pipe, the decrease in back pressure in the exhaust pipe, and an increase in power accordingly, etc., for example, in automobiles, an increase in thermal efficiency as a result of the decrease in heat losses from the exhaust gases , with around 23.0%, an increase in engine power compared to the variant with catalytic cleaner of around 20.0%, and also the possibility of increasing engine power for the same cylindrical capacity, in the case of engines, including par. that the invention offers the possibility of fuel coloring in parallel with the allocation of the oxygen necessary for total combustion, by modifying the ratio between the recirculated combustion gases to 79.0 ... 0.0% to because of the increase in the quantity of oxygen from 21.0% to 100.0%, a ratio which can be chosen as desired, the composition of the exhaust gases exhausted being, at an excess coefficient of 1.05, about 45.39% carbon dioxide, 51.06 water vapor and 3.55 oxygen.
Le dispositif pour la dépollution des procès de combustion par l'élimination totale des oxydes d'azote des gaz de combustion, conformément à l'invention, élimine les désavantages mentionnés par ce qu'il assure l'oxygène pur nécessaire pour la réalisation du mélange synthétique pour l'application du procédé par la séparation de celui-ci de l'air en conditions efficaces et en flux continu, par ultracentrifugation, plus facilement que par toutes les autres méthodes déjà connues. Le dispositif centrifugal en deux degrés de séparation, conformément a l'invention, est constitué par une carcasse-stator tronçonnée, prévue avec des orifices d'évacuation pour l'azote, pour l'oxygène, pour l'air résiduel et pour l'aspiration de l'air, montée rigidement au stator du moteur d'entraînement, pas indiquée dans la figure, une turbine d'aspiration de l'air et un rotor centrifugal séparateur constitué par le distributeur de l'air, la surface qui a la forme d'un tronc de cône, prévue avec des orifices d'évacuation pour l'oxygène dans le premier degré de séparation, la pièce à fente circulaire qui assure la seconde phase de séparation de l'oxygène, prévue avec des orifices d'évacuation de l'air résiduel et d'admission de l'air dans le séparateur, toutes montées rigidement, après le montage des pièces d'écartement, tout l'ensemble étant monté sur un axe de rotation peut être fixé par l'intermédiaire d'un roulement dans un support rigide. Les deux fentes circulaires, par construction, peuvent être dimensionées de tel'e manière que le séparateur puisse permettre la production soit de l'oxygène pur sur le tracé de l'oxygène, soit de l'azote pur sur le tracé de l'azote. Par le montage de deux ou plusieurs pièces mises en série après le flux on peut obtenir les deux gaz séparés, avec une pureté imposée.The device for the depollution of combustion processes by the total elimination of nitrogen oxides from combustion gases, in accordance with the invention, eliminates the disadvantages mentioned by that it provides the pure oxygen necessary for the production of the mixture. synthetic for the application of the process by the separation of the latter from the air under effective conditions and in continuous flow, by ultracentrifugation, more easily than by all the other methods already known. The centrifugal device in two degrees of separation, in accordance with the invention, consists of a sectioned carcass-stator, provided with evacuation orifices for nitrogen, for oxygen, for residual air and for air intake, rigidly mounted to the stator of the drive motor, not shown in the figure, an air intake turbine and a centrifugal separator rotor constituted by the air distributor, the surface which has the shape of a truncated cone, provided with evacuation orifices for oxygen in the first degree of separation, the part with circular slot which ensures the second phase of separation of oxygen, provided with evacuation orifices residual air and air intake in the separator, all rigidly mounted, after mounting the spacers, the whole assembly being mounted on an axis of rotation can be fixed by means of a bearing in a rigid support. The two circular slits, by construction, can be dimensioned in such a way that the separator can allow the production of either pure oxygen on the oxygen path, or pure nitrogen on the nitrogen path . By assembling two or more parts placed in series after the flow, the two separate gases can be obtained, with an imposed purity.
Les avantages de cette invention sont: l'élimination totale des oxydes d'azote des gaz de combustion échappés en atmosphère; la réduction des certes
de chaleur par les gaz de combustion évacués avec environ 23,0% à cause de la diminution d'environ 3,8 fois du volume de gaz évacués, dans lesquels on ne trouvent plus l'azote et ses produits d'oxydation, qui, dans l'air naturel, sont en proportion de 79,0%, ainsi s'élévant le rendement thermique de la combustion; la réduction du bruit provoqué dans les tuyaux d'échappement comme conséquence de la réduction du débit de gaz évacués, d'environ 3,8 fois, en même temps avec la réduction de la contrepression - importante - du tuyau d'échappement; l'augmentation de la puissance du moteur avec environ 20,0% en comparaison avec la varia.nte avec êpurateur catalytique, ainsi que par la diminution de la contrepression dans le tuyau d'échappement; la possibilité de projeter des moteurs, pour une même capacité cylindrique, avec des puissances supérieures, comme on veut, ce qui veut dire que l'invention offre la possibilité de l'augmentation de l'admission de combustible parallèlement avec l'allocation de l'oxygène nécessaire pour la combustion totale, par la modification du rapport entre les gaz de combustion récirculés de 79,0% jusqu'à 0,0%, à cause de l'augmentation de la quantité d'oxygène de 21 ,0% jusqu'à 100,0%, inclusivement par la participation du supplément calorique des gaz de combustion récircu'és.The advantages of this invention are: the total elimination of nitrogen oxides from the combustion gases escaped into the atmosphere; the reduction of certainly of heat by the exhaust gases evacuated with approximately 23.0% due to the decrease of approximately 3.8 times in the volume of exhaust gases, in which nitrogen and its oxidation products are no longer found, which, in natural air, are in proportion of 79.0%, thus increasing the thermal efficiency of combustion; the reduction of the noise caused in the exhaust pipes as a consequence of the reduction in the flow rate of exhaust gases, by approximately 3.8 times, at the same time with the reduction of the back pressure - important - of the exhaust pipe; the increase in engine power with around 20.0% compared to the varia . nte with catalytic purifier, as well as by reducing the back pressure in the exhaust pipe; the possibility of projecting engines, for the same cylindrical capacity, with higher powers, as desired, which means that the invention offers the possibility of increasing the fuel intake in parallel with the allocation of l required for total combustion, by changing the ratio of recirculated combustion gases from 79.0% to 0.0%, due to the increase in the amount of oxygen from 21.0% to 'at 100.0%, inclusive of the contribution of the caloric supplement of the recirculated combustion gases.
Présentation des figuresPresentation of the figures
De suite, on donne un exemple de réalisation en liason avec la figure qui représente une section longitudinale du dispositif centrifugal, conformément à l'invention.Next, an exemplary embodiment is given in conjunction with the figure which represents a longitudinal section of the centrifugal device, in accordance with the invention.
Description de l'inventionDescription of the invention
Le dispositif centrifugal en deux degrés de séparation, conformément a l'invention, est composé d'une carcasse-stator tronçonnée 1 ,2,3 et 4, prévue avec des orifices d'évacuation pour l'azote 1a-, ,, pour l'oxygène 1 b., ( et 2a^Λ, pour l'air résiduel 3a., , et pour l'aspiration de l'air 4a, montée rigidement au stator du moteur d'entraînement, pas indiquée dans la figure, une turbine d'aspiration de l'air 5 et un rotor centrifugal séparateur constitué par le distributeur de l'air 6, la surface qui a la forme tronconique 7, prévue avec des orifices d'évacuation pour l'azote 7a1m| et pour l'oxygène 7b1 , dans le second degré de séparation, la surface tronconique 8 prévue avec des orifices d'évacuation pour l'oxygène δa-, , dans le premier degré de séparation, la pièce à fente circulaire 9 qui assure !e premier degré de séparation de l'oxygène et la pièce à fente circulaire 10 qui assure la seconde phase de séparation de l'oxygène, prévue avec des orifices d'évacuation de l'air 10a1 , et d'admission de l'air dans le séparateur 10b1 ,, toutes montées rigidement, après le montage des pièces d'écartement 1 , l'ensemble entier étant monté sur un axe de rotation par serrement à l'écrou. Le dispositif en fonction aspire l'air atmosphérique par la turbine 5 qui est réfuté par les orifices 10b, ,, puis dispersé par le distributeur 6 vers la surface tronconique 8 où se produit une première séparation de l'oxigene de l'azote grâce à la différence de densité dans le champs ultracentrifugal, l'oxygène se déplaçant en film descendant sur la surface tronconique 8 vers la première fente circulaire 9 αui assure cette séparation, l'azote continuant son tracé vers la sortie du dispositif, par
les orifices d'évacuation 7a-, , et 1a-, ,, et l'oxygène passe dans le second degré de séparation par les orifices d'évacuation 8a, ,, où se répète amplifié à cause de la distance face au centre de rotation de la seconde surface tronconique 7, sur laquelle se répète le procès de séparation des dernières traces d'azote, de telle manière que par la fente circulaire 10 se sépare l'oxygène pur qui est évacué par les orifices 7b-, ,, 1b-, , et 2a1 , se sépare à l'extérieur du dispositif, d'où il est pris vers l'aspiration du moteur thermique par n'importe quelle méthode déjà connue, par exemple par aspiration de type "effet Coanda", avec homogénéisation adéquate, par une microturbine intermédiaire pas dessinée, etc. Ainsi, le mélange synthétique formé de bioxide de carbone et vapeurs d'eau, toutes les deux prises des gaz de combustion évacués et l'oxygène refoulé du dispositif centrifugal assure le rapport projeté pour obtenir une combustion de haut rendement, l'air résiduel du second degré de séparation étant évacué dans l'atmosphère par les orifices d'évacuation 10a, , et 3., ,. Pour éviter les vibrations, l'axe de rotation peut être fixé par un roulement dans un support rigide. Les deux fentes circulaires 9,10, par construction, peuvent être dimensionées de telle manière que le séparateur puisse permettre la production soit de l'oxygène pur sur le tracé de l'oxygène, soit de l'azote pur sur le tracé de l'azote. Par le montage de deux ou plusieurs pièces mises en série après le flux on peut obtenir les deux gaz séparés, avec une pureté imposée.
The centrifugal device in two degrees of separation, in accordance with the invention, is composed of a sectioned carcass-stator 1, 2,3 and 4, provided with evacuation orifices for nitrogen 1a,, for the 'oxygen 1 b., ( and 2a ^ Λ , for residual air 3a.,, and for air suction 4a, rigidly mounted to the stator of the drive motor, not shown in the figure, a turbine air intake 5 and a centrifugal separator rotor constituted by the air distributor 6, the surface which has the frustoconical shape 7, provided with discharge openings for nitrogen 7a 1m | and for oxygen 7b 1 , in the second degree of separation, the frustoconical surface 8 provided with evacuation orifices for oxygen δa-,, in the first degree of separation, the part with circular slot 9 which ensures! the first degree of separation of oxygen and the circular slit piece 10 which provides the second phase of separation of oxygen, provided with s air evacuation orifices 10a 1 , and for admission of air into the separator 10b 1 ,, all rigidly mounted, after the spacers 1 have been mounted, the entire assembly being mounted on an axis rotation by tightening the nut. The device in operation draws atmospheric air through the turbine 5 which is refuted by the orifices 10b, ,, then dispersed by the distributor 6 towards the frustoconical surface 8 where there is a first separation of the oxygen from the nitrogen thanks to the difference in density in the ultracentrifugal field, the oxygen moving in film descending on the frustoconical surface 8 towards the first circular slot 9 αui ensures this separation, the nitrogen continuing its path towards the exit of the device, by the evacuation orifices 7a-,, and 1a-, ,, and the oxygen passes into the second degree of separation through the evacuation orifices 8a, ,, where is repeated amplified because of the distance from the center of rotation of the second frustoconical surface 7, on which the process of separation of the last traces of nitrogen is repeated, so that by the circular slot 10 separates the pure oxygen which is evacuated by the orifices 7b-, ,, 1b- ,, and 2a 1 , separates on the outside of the device, from where it is taken towards the aspiration of the heat engine by any method already known, for example by aspiration of the "Coanda effect" type, with homogenization adequate, by an intermediate microturbine not drawn, etc. Thus, the synthetic mixture formed of carbon dioxide and water vapors, both taken from the evacuated combustion gases and the oxygen discharged from the centrifugal device ensures the ratio projected to obtain a high-efficiency combustion, the residual air of the second degree of separation being discharged into the atmosphere through the discharge orifices 10a,, and 3.,,. To avoid vibrations, the axis of rotation can be fixed by a bearing in a rigid support. The two circular slits 9, 10, by construction, can be dimensioned in such a way that the separator can allow the production either of pure oxygen on the oxygen path, or of pure nitrogen on the path of the nitrogen. By assembling two or more pieces placed in series after the flow, the two separate gases can be obtained, with an imposed purity.
Claims
1. Procédé pour la dépollution des procès de combustion par l'élimination totale des oxydes d'azote des gaz de combustion, caractérisé par cela que pour la combustion des combustibles dans n'importe quel procès de combustion applique, au lieu d'air atmosphérique, un mélange formé de gaz de combustion pris de l'évacuation et oxygène pur pris d'un dispositif de séparation par ultracentrifugation, homogénéisé adéquat, en proportion convenable pour une combustion de haut rendement, ce qui veut dire une composition du mélange synthétique formé de jusqu'à 79,0 en volume gaz de combustion et 21 ,0...100,0% oxygène, correspondant à la quantité de combustible utilisée, assurant ainsi une diminution d'environ 3,8 fois du volume de gaz brûlés évacués, grâce à l'élimination de l'azote de ce procès.1. Process for the depollution of combustion processes by the total elimination of nitrogen oxides from combustion gases, characterized by that for the combustion of fuels in any combustion process applied, instead of atmospheric air , a mixture formed of combustion gases taken from the discharge and pure oxygen taken from a separation device by ultracentrifugation, suitable homogenized, in a proportion suitable for high-efficiency combustion, which means a composition of the synthetic mixture formed of up to 79.0 in combustion gas volume and 21.0 ... 100.0% oxygen, corresponding to the quantity of fuel used, thus ensuring an approximately 3.8-fold reduction in the volume of burnt gases discharged, thanks to the elimination of nitrogen from this process.
2. Dispositif pour la dépollution des procès de combustion par l'élimination totale des oxydes d'azote des gaz de combustion, caractérisé par cela qu'il est constitué d'une carcasse-stator tronçonnée (1),(2),(3) et (4), prévue avec des orifices d'évacuation pour l'azote (1a1 ,) pour l'oxygène (1b-, ,) et (2a1-J), pour l'air résiduel (3a1 ,) et pour l'aspiration de l'air (4a), montée rigidement au stator du moteur d'entraînement, une turbine d'aspiration de l'air (5) et un rotor centrifugal séparateur constitué par le distributeur de l'air (6), la surface qui a la forme tronconique (7), prévue avec des orifices d'évacuation pour l'azote (7a-, ,) et pour l'oxygène (7b., , ) dans le second degré de séparation, la surface tronconique (8) prévue avec des orifices d'évacuation pour l'oxygène (8a-, ,) dans le premier degré de séparation, la pièce à fente circulaire (9) qui assure le premier degré de séparation de l'oxygène et la pièce à fente circulaire (10) qui assure la seconde phase de séparation de l'oxygène, prévue avec des orifices d'évacuation de l'air (10a, ,) et d'admission de l'air dans le séparateur (10b, ,), toutes montées rigidement, après le montage des pièces d'écartement (11), l'ensemble entier étant monté sur un axe de rotation par serrement à l'écrou et actionnant en champs d'accélération ultracentrifugale. 2. Device for the depollution of combustion processes by the total elimination of nitrogen oxides from combustion gases, characterized in that it consists of a sectioned carcass-stator (1), (2), (3 ) and (4), provided with exhaust ports for nitrogen (1a 1 ,) for oxygen (1b-,,) and (2a 1-J ), for residual air (3a 1 ,) and for the air intake (4a), rigidly mounted on the stator of the drive motor, an air intake turbine (5) and a centrifugal separator rotor constituted by the air distributor (6 ), the surface which has the frustoconical shape (7), provided with discharge orifices for nitrogen (7a-,,) and for oxygen (7b.,,) in the second degree of separation, the surface frusto-conical (8) provided with outlets for oxygen (8a-,,) in the first degree of separation, the part with circular slot (9) which ensures the first degree of separation of oxygen and the part with circular slot (1 0) which provides the second phase of oxygen separation, provided with air evacuation orifices (10a,,) and air admission into the separator (10b,,), all rigidly mounted , after mounting the spacers (11), the entire assembly being mounted on an axis of rotation by tightening with the nut and actuating in ultracentrifugal acceleration fields.
3. Dispositif conforme à la revendication 2, caractérisé par cela que les deux fentes circulaires (9), (10) par construction, peuvent être dimensionés de telle manière que le séparateur centrifugal permette la production soit de l'oxygène pur sur le tracé de l'oxygène, soit de l'azote pur sur le tracé de l'azote.3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the two circular slots (9), (10) by construction, can be dimensioned so that the centrifugal separator allows the production is pure oxygen on the path of oxygen, which is pure nitrogen on the nitrogen path.
4. Dispositif conforme aux revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé par cela que, par l'assemblage de deux ou plusieurs dispositifs centrifugals mis en série après le flux, on peut obtenir les deux gaz séparés avec une pureté imposée, dans ce cas, et non seulement, pour éviter les vibrations de l'axe de rotation, celui-ci sera fixé à l'extrémité de près de la turbine (5), par un roulement, dans un support rigide. 4. Device according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that, by the assembly of two or more centrifugal devices placed in series after the flow, it is possible to obtain the two separate gases with an imposed purity, in this case, and not only, to avoid vibrations of the axis of rotation, it will be fixed to the near end of the turbine (5), by a bearing, in a rigid support.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RO9400420 | 1994-03-15 | ||
| RO9400420 | 1994-03-15 | ||
| PCT/RO1995/000001 WO1995024959A1 (en) | 1994-03-15 | 1995-03-14 | Pollution control method and device enabling complete removal of nitrogen oxides from combustion gases in combustion processes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0702591A1 true EP0702591A1 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
Family
ID=20100554
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95913437A Withdrawn EP0702591A1 (en) | 1994-03-15 | 1995-03-14 | Pollution control method and device enabling complete removal of nitrogen oxides from combustion gases in combustion processes |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0702591A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1128502A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2087095A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2163536A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU9503261D0 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL311668A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995024959A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6908507B2 (en) | 2001-04-13 | 2005-06-21 | Co2 Solution Inc. | Process and a plant for the production of Portland cement clinker |
| AU2013202414A1 (en) | 2012-06-19 | 2014-01-16 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Apparatus and method for removing a contaminant from a contaminated stream |
| ES2618283B1 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2020-04-24 | Univ Coruna | Centrifugal CO2 separator from flue gases |
| KR102330077B1 (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-11-24 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Cement manufacturing devices and methods for reducing NOx by applying real-time analysis and low NOx combustion and post-processing technology |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3100312A1 (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1983-02-10 | Gottfried 6486 Brachttal Bähr | Process, apparatus and use of a rotational gas mixture separation by the principle of rotational oxygen enrichment, but without magnetic energy content, for the purpose of separating gases of different molecular weight, with treatment of the exhaust gases and use of circulation for the second component |
| DE3606092A1 (en) * | 1986-02-26 | 1987-08-27 | Eugen Plaksin | DEVICE FOR TREATING COMBUSTION AIR |
-
1995
- 1995-03-14 PL PL95311668A patent/PL311668A1/en unknown
- 1995-03-14 AU AU20870/95A patent/AU2087095A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-03-14 EP EP95913437A patent/EP0702591A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-03-14 HU HU9503261A patent/HU9503261D0/en unknown
- 1995-03-14 CA CA002163536A patent/CA2163536A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-03-14 CN CN95190409A patent/CN1128502A/en active Pending
- 1995-03-14 WO PCT/RO1995/000001 patent/WO1995024959A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9524959A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1995024959A1 (en) | 1995-09-21 |
| HU9503261D0 (en) | 1996-05-28 |
| CN1128502A (en) | 1996-08-07 |
| AU2087095A (en) | 1995-10-03 |
| CA2163536A1 (en) | 1995-09-21 |
| PL311668A1 (en) | 1996-03-04 |
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