EP0700589A1 - Gas-filled overvoltage diverter - Google Patents

Gas-filled overvoltage diverter

Info

Publication number
EP0700589A1
EP0700589A1 EP94915504A EP94915504A EP0700589A1 EP 0700589 A1 EP0700589 A1 EP 0700589A1 EP 94915504 A EP94915504 A EP 94915504A EP 94915504 A EP94915504 A EP 94915504A EP 0700589 A1 EP0700589 A1 EP 0700589A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
electrodes
surge arrester
insulator
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94915504A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0700589B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang DÄUMER
Jürgen Boy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0700589A1 publication Critical patent/EP0700589A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0700589B1 publication Critical patent/EP0700589B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of electronic components and can be used in the design of gas-filled surge arresters in which the electrodes are coated with an activating compound to ensure the ignition properties and at least one person on the wall of the insulating body axially extending ignition line and an additional ionization source are applied.
  • 20 electrodes arranged activation mass can be coordinated.
  • a surge arrester which has two electrodes inserted on the end face into a ceramic insulator, the facing electrode surfaces of which are coated with an activating compound, these being in recesses in the electrical
  • the surface is arranged.
  • On the inner wall there are several ones running in the axial direction of the ceramic insulator
  • the invention is based on the object of designing the overvoltage arrester so that it has a very low ignition delay in dark rooms even without the use of a radioactive preparation.
  • the additional ionization source consists of a coating connecting the two electrodes made of an electroluminescent material based on alkali and / or alkaline earth metal halides, the coating having a thickness of about 50 to 500 ⁇ m having.
  • Potassium and sodium bromide, potassium and sodium chloride, as well as sodium fluoride and barium chloride, for example, can be used for the coating provided according to the invention (Opt. Spectrosc. (USSR) 51 (2), Aug. 1981, pages 165- 168).
  • Alkali fluorides and bromides which contain an addition of an alkaline earth metal chloride are particularly suitable as the basic substance. The addition should be 5 - 30% atomic%.
  • the melting process required to apply the coating can be carried out with regard to the melting temperature. aims to be controlled.
  • the material of the coating can additionally contain dielectric or ferroelectric crystals, for example based on titanium or aluminum oxide or barium titanate, lithium niobate or lithium tantalate. Such crystals, which have a grain size of about 10-30 ⁇ m, produce an increased charge density at their interface, which leads to a higher current flow in the electroluminescent coating and thus to a higher photon yield.
  • the electroluminescent coating is applied as a strip along the axis of the insulator.
  • a strip can have a width of 1 to 5 mm.
  • This strip can at the same time cover the ignition lines provided on the inner wall of the insulator.
  • an arrangement is also possible in which a plurality of strip-shaped coatings are arranged alternately with a plurality of ignition lines. If necessary, the entire inner surface of the insulator can also be provided with the coating.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 Two exemplary embodiments of the new surge arrester are shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • 1 shows a surge arrester with a coating applied to the inside of the insulator
  • FIG. 2 shows a coating enriched with crystals
  • 3 shows a detail of the development of the inner surface of a ceramic insulator, which is alternately coated with dash lines and luminescent strips.
  • the surge arrester according to FIG. 1 consists of the two cup-shaped electrodes 1 and 2, which are soldered into the end of the ceramic insulator 3.
  • the active surfaces of electrodes 1 and 2 are coated with an activation compound 4, which is embedded in surface depressions of the electrodes.
  • This activating mass is a customary mass based on alkali or alkaline earth metal halides with a metal additive such as a barium aluminum alloy, titanium, molybdenum and / or nickel.
  • the surge arrester is provided with a gas filling 5 based on argon and / or neon, optionally with an addition of hydrogen.
  • the inner wall of the ceramic insulator is also provided with a coating 7 made of an electroluminescent material, this coating contacting the two electrodes 1 and 2.
  • crystals 8 are embedded in the coating 7.
  • a strip-shaped coating 9 can also be provided, which Change with dashes 6 is arranged.
  • two or four priming lines 6 and two or four strip-shaped coatings 9 can be present.
  • the coatings 7 and 9 are applied by
  • Heat treatment causes the coating material to melt; this melting is necessary for the later effectiveness of the coating.

Landscapes

  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)

Abstract

In a gas-filled overvoltage diverter, the electrodes of which are coated with an activation compound and on the insulator (3) of which there is at least one axial ignition line (6), the inner surface of the insulator also has an ionisation source in the form of a coating (7) of an electroluminescent material. Said coating (7) is connected to both electrodes (1, 2) and may take the form of a strip; alternatively it may cover the entire inner surface of the insulator. The alkaline earth and/or alkaline earth halide-based coating material may also contain dielectric or ferro-electric crystals (8).

Description

1 Beschreibung 1 description
Gasgefüllter ÜberspannungsabieiterGas-filled surge arrester
5 Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der elektronischen Bau¬ elemente und ist bei der Gestaltung von gasgefüllten Über- spannungsableitern anzuwenden, bei denen zur Sicherstellung der Zündeigenschaften die Elektroden mit einer Aktivierungs¬ masse beschichtet sind und auf die Wandung des Isolierkör- 10 pers wenigstens ein axial verlaufender Zündstrich und eine zusätzliche Ionisationsquelle aufgebracht sind.The invention is in the field of electronic components and can be used in the design of gas-filled surge arresters in which the electrodes are coated with an activating compound to ensure the ignition properties and at least one person on the wall of the insulating body axially extending ignition line and an additional ionization source are applied.
Um bei mit Edelgas gefüllten Überspannungsableitern das je¬ weils gewünschte Betriebsverhalten wie Zündspannung, An-In order for surge arresters filled with inert gas to have the desired operating behavior, such as ignition voltage, voltage
15 Sprechzeit, statische Ansprechspannung und dynamische An¬ sprechspannung, Löschspannung und Glimmbrennspannung zu gewährleisten, müssen unterschiedliche Maßnahmen wie kon¬ struktive Gestaltung der Elektroden, Art und Druck der Gas¬ füllung und Auswahl der auf den aktiven Oberflächen derTo ensure talk time, static response voltage and dynamic response voltage, quenching voltage and glow lamp voltage, different measures such as the design of the electrodes, the type and pressure of the gas filling and the selection of the active surfaces of the
20 Elektroden angeordneten Aktivierungsmasse aufeinander ab¬ gestimmt werden. Zur Erzeugung definitiver Zündverhält¬ nisse ist es dabei weiterhin üblich, auf der Innenwand des Glas- oder Keramik-Isolators einen oder mehrere Zündstriche anzuordnen und gegebenenfalls eine spezielle Ionisations-20 electrodes arranged activation mass can be coordinated. To generate definite ignition conditions, it is also customary to arrange one or more ignition lines on the inner wall of the glass or ceramic insulator and, if necessary, to use a special ionization
25 quelle vorzusehen. So ist beispielsweise ein Überspannungs¬ abieiter bekannt, der zwei stirnseitig in einen Keramikiso¬ lator eingesetzten Elektroden aufweist, deren einander zu¬ gewandte Elektrodenflächen mit einer Aktivierungsmasse be¬ schichtet sind, wobei diese in Vertiefungen der Elektro-25 source to be provided. For example, a surge arrester is known which has two electrodes inserted on the end face into a ceramic insulator, the facing electrode surfaces of which are coated with an activating compound, these being in recesses in the electrical
30 denoberfläche angeordnet ist. Auf der Innenwand sind mehrere in Achsrichtung des Keramikisolators verlaufende30 the surface is arranged. On the inner wall there are several ones running in the axial direction of the ceramic insulator
. Zündstriche angeordnet, die als sogenannte Mittelzünd-. Firing lines arranged as so-called center firing
* striche ohne direkte Anbindung an die Elektroden ausge-* lines without direct connection to the electrodes
35 staltet sind (US-PS 4 266 260/DE-PS 28 28 650). Weiterhin ist es üblich, bei gasgefüllten Überspannungsableitern, die während ihres Betriebes in einem gegen äußere Licht¬ einwirkung abgekapselten Raum angeordnet sind, auf der Innenwand des Isolators eine zusätzliche Ionisationsquelle in Form einer punktförmigen Ablagerung aus einem radio¬ aktiven Material anzuordnen. Alternativ kann die Gasfüllung des Überspannungsabieiters aus einem radioaktiven Gas be¬ stehen (US-PS 3 755 715).35 are designed (US-PS 4,266,260 / DE-PS 28 28 650). Furthermore, it is customary in the case of gas-filled surge arresters which are arranged during their operation in a space which is encapsulated against external light, to arrange an additional ionization source in the form of a punctiform deposit made of a radioactive material on the inner wall of the insulator. Alternatively, the gas filling of the surge arrester can consist of a radioactive gas (US Pat. No. 3,755,715).
Ausgehend von einem Überspannungsabieiter mit den Merk¬ malen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruches 1 liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Überspannungsabieiter so auszubilden, daß er auch ohne Verwendung eines radio- aktiven Präparates eine sehr geringe Zündverzögerung im dunklen Raum aufweist.Starting from an overvoltage arrester with the features of the preamble of claim 1, the invention is based on the object of designing the overvoltage arrester so that it has a very low ignition delay in dark rooms even without the use of a radioactive preparation.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist gemäß der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß die zusätzliche Ionisationsquelle aus einer die beiden Elektroden verbindenden Beschichtung aus einem elektrolumi- neszierenden Material auf der Basis von Alkali- und/oder Erdalkalihalogeniden besteht, wobei die Beschichtung eine Dicke von etwa 50 bis 500 μm aufweist.To achieve this object, the invention provides that the additional ionization source consists of a coating connecting the two electrodes made of an electroluminescent material based on alkali and / or alkaline earth metal halides, the coating having a thickness of about 50 to 500 μm having.
Für die gemäß der Erfindung vorgesehene Beschichtung können beispielsweise Kalium- und Natriumbromid, Kalium- und Na¬ triumchlorid sowie Natriumfluorid und Bariumchlorid verwen¬ det werden (Opt. Spectrosc. (USSR) 51 (2), Aug. 1981, Sei¬ ten 165 - 168). Insbesondere kommen als Grundsubstanz Al- kali-Fluoride und -Bromide in Betracht, die eine Beigabe eines Erdalkalichlorids enthalten. Die Beigabe sollte in einer Menge von 5 - 30 % Atom-% vorliegen. Durch diese Beigabe kann der zum Aufbringen der Beschichtung erforder¬ liche Schmelzprozeß hinsichtlich der Schmelztemperatur ge- zielt gesteuert werden.Potassium and sodium bromide, potassium and sodium chloride, as well as sodium fluoride and barium chloride, for example, can be used for the coating provided according to the invention (Opt. Spectrosc. (USSR) 51 (2), Aug. 1981, pages 165- 168). Alkali fluorides and bromides which contain an addition of an alkaline earth metal chloride are particularly suitable as the basic substance. The addition should be 5 - 30% atomic%. With this addition, the melting process required to apply the coating can be carried out with regard to the melting temperature. aims to be controlled.
Eine solche Beschichtung ist aufgrund ihrer Anbindung an die beiden Elektroden des Überspannungsabieiters in der Lage, in dem Überspannungsabieiter eine erhöhte Anzahl von primären Ladungsträgern zur Verfügung zu stellen, damit bei Erreichen der Zündspannung der Start der Gasentladung ohne Zeitverzögerung eingeleitet wird. Zur Verstärkung dieses Effektes kann das Material der Beschichtung zusätz- lieh dielektrische oder ferroelektrische Kristalle, bei¬ spielsweise auf der Basis von Titan- oder Aluminiumoxid oder von Bariumtitanat, Lithiumniobat oder Lithiu tantalat, enthalten. Durch derartige Kristalle, die eine Korngröße von etwa 10 - 30 μm haben, wird an deren Grenzfläche eine erhöhte Ladungsdichte erzeugt, die zu einem höheren Strom¬ fluß in der elektrolumineszierenden Beschichtung und damit zu einer höheren Photonenausbeute führt.Due to its connection to the two electrodes of the surge arrester, such a coating is able to provide an increased number of primary charge carriers in the surge arrester so that the gas discharge is initiated without a time delay when the ignition voltage is reached. To reinforce this effect, the material of the coating can additionally contain dielectric or ferroelectric crystals, for example based on titanium or aluminum oxide or barium titanate, lithium niobate or lithium tantalate. Such crystals, which have a grain size of about 10-30 μm, produce an increased charge density at their interface, which leads to a higher current flow in the electroluminescent coating and thus to a higher photon yield.
Die elektrolumineszierende Beschichtung wird im einfachsten Fall als Streifen längs der Achse des Isolators aufgebracht Ein solcher Streifen kann dabei die Breite von 1 bis 5 mm haben. Dieser Streifen kann zugleich den bzw. die auf der Innenwand des Isolators vorgesehenen Zündstriche überdecken Es kommt aber auch eine Anordnung in Betracht, bei der mehrere streifenförmige Beschichtungen im Wechsel mit mehreren Zündstrichen angeordnet sind. Gegebenenfalls kann man auch die gesamte Innenfläche des Isolators mit der Be¬ schichtung versehen.In the simplest case, the electroluminescent coating is applied as a strip along the axis of the insulator. Such a strip can have a width of 1 to 5 mm. This strip can at the same time cover the ignition lines provided on the inner wall of the insulator. However, an arrangement is also possible in which a plurality of strip-shaped coatings are arranged alternately with a plurality of ignition lines. If necessary, the entire inner surface of the insulator can also be provided with the coating.
Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele des neuen Überspannungsabieiters sind in den Figuren 1 bis 3 dargestellt. Dabei zeigt Figur 1 einen Überspannungsabieiter mit einer innen auf den Isolator aufgebrachten Beschichtung, Figur 2 eine mit Kristallen angereicherte Beschichtung und Figur 3 ausschnittsweise die Abwicklung der Innenoberfläche eines Keramikisolators, der abwechselnd mit Zünd¬ strichen und lumineszierenden Streifen beschichtet ist.Two exemplary embodiments of the new surge arrester are shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. 1 shows a surge arrester with a coating applied to the inside of the insulator, FIG. 2 shows a coating enriched with crystals and 3 shows a detail of the development of the inner surface of a ceramic insulator, which is alternately coated with dash lines and luminescent strips.
Der Uberspannungsableiter gemäß Figur 1 besteht aus den bei¬ den napfför ig gestalteten Elektroden 1 und 2, die stirn¬ seitig in den Keramikisolator 3 eingelötet sind. Die akti¬ ven Oberflächen der Elektroden 1 und 2 sind mit einer Akti- vierungsmasse 4 beschichtet, die in oberflächliche Ver¬ tiefungen der Elektroden eingebettet ist. Bei dieser Akti¬ vierungsmasse handelt es sich um eine übliche Masse auf der Basis von Alkali- oder Erdalkali-Halogeniden mit einem Metallzusatz wie einer Bariumaluminiumlegierung, Titan, Molybdän und/oder Nickel.The surge arrester according to FIG. 1 consists of the two cup-shaped electrodes 1 and 2, which are soldered into the end of the ceramic insulator 3. The active surfaces of electrodes 1 and 2 are coated with an activation compound 4, which is embedded in surface depressions of the electrodes. This activating mass is a customary mass based on alkali or alkaline earth metal halides with a metal additive such as a barium aluminum alloy, titanium, molybdenum and / or nickel.
Der Uberspannungsableiter ist mit einer Gasfüllung 5 auf der Basis von Argon und/oder Neon gegebenenfalls mit einem Zusatz von Wasserstoff versehen.The surge arrester is provided with a gas filling 5 based on argon and / or neon, optionally with an addition of hydrogen.
Auf der Innenwand des Isolators 3 sind Graphitzündstriche 6 aufgebracht, bei denen es sich um sogenannte Mittelzünd¬ striche handelt, die an keine der beiden Elektroden ange¬ bunden sind. Die Innenwand des Keramikisolators ist weiter- hin mit einer Beschichtung 7 aus einem elektrolumineszie- renden Material versehen, wobei diese Beschichtung die bei¬ den Elektroden 1 und 2 kontaktiert.Graphite ignition lines 6, which are so-called center ignition lines and are not connected to either of the two electrodes, are applied to the inner wall of the insulator 3. The inner wall of the ceramic insulator is also provided with a coating 7 made of an electroluminescent material, this coating contacting the two electrodes 1 and 2.
Gemäß Figur 2 sind in die Beschichtung 7 Kristalle 8 einge- bettet.According to FIG. 2, crystals 8 are embedded in the coating 7.
Gemäß Figur 3 kann anstelle einer vollständigen Beschich¬ tung der Innenoberfläche des Keramikisolators 3 auch eine streifenförmige Beschichtung 9 vorgesehen sein, die im Wechsel mit Zündstrichen 6 angeordnet ist. Beispielsweise können zwei oder vier Zündstriche 6 und zwei oder vier streifenförmige Beschichtungen 9 vorhanden sein.According to FIG. 3, instead of a complete coating of the inner surface of the ceramic insulator 3, a strip-shaped coating 9 can also be provided, which Change with dashes 6 is arranged. For example, two or four priming lines 6 and two or four strip-shaped coatings 9 can be present.
Das Aufbringen der Beschichtungen 7 und 9 erfolgt durchThe coatings 7 and 9 are applied by
Auftragen einer pastenartigen wäßrigen Lösung von beispiels¬ weise Natriumfluorid mit einer Beigabe von Bariumchlorid (z.B. 1 g = 0,024 Mol NaF ; 1,25 g = 0,006 Mol BaCl2) und durch eine Wärmebehandlung, beispielsweise im Zuge der Einlötung der Elektroden in den Keramikisolator. DieApplication of a pasty aqueous solution of, for example, sodium fluoride with the addition of barium chloride (for example 1 g = 0.024 mol NaF; 1.25 g = 0.006 mol BaCl 2 ) and by heat treatment, for example in the course of soldering the electrodes into the ceramic insulator. The
Wärmebehandlung bewirkt ein Aufschmelzen des Beschichtungs- aterials; dieses Aufschmelzen ist für die spätere Wirksam¬ keit der Beschichtung notwendig. Heat treatment causes the coating material to melt; this melting is necessary for the later effectiveness of the coating.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Gasgefüllter Uberspannungsableiter mit wenigstens einem hohlzylindrischen Isolator (3) und zwei stirnseitig ange- ordneten Elektroden (1,2), bei dem die Elektroden mit einer Aktivierungsmasse be¬ schichtet und auf die Innenfläche des Isolators wenigstens ein axial verlaufender Zündstrich (6) aus Graphit und eine zusätzliche Ionisationsquelle aufgebracht sind, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die zusätzliche Ionisationsquelle aus einer die beiden Elektroden verbindenden Beschichtung (7) aus einem elektro- lu ineszierenden Material auf der Basis von Alkali- und/ oder Erdalkalihalogeniden besteht, wobei die Beschichtung eine Dicke von etwa 50 bis 500 μ aufweist.1. Gas-filled surge arrester with at least one hollow cylindrical insulator (3) and two electrodes (1, 2) arranged on the end face, in which the electrodes are coated with an activating compound and on the inner surface of the insulator at least one axially extending ignition line (6) Graphite and an additional ionization source are applied, characterized in that the additional ionization source consists of a coating (7) connecting the two electrodes and made of an electro-luminescent material based on alkali and / or alkaline earth metal halides, the coating having a thickness of approximately 50 to 500 μ.
2. Uberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Beschichtung (7) den bzw. die Zündstriche (6) über¬ deckt.2. Surge arrester according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the coating (7) covers the or the ignition lines (6).
3. Uberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Beschichtung streifenförmig (9) ausgebildet ist.3. Surge arrester according to claim 1 or 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the coating is strip-shaped (9).
4. Uberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß mehrere streifenförmige Beschichtungen (9) im Wechsel mit mehreren Zündstrichen (6) angeordnet sind.4. surge arrester according to claim 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that a plurality of strip-shaped coatings (9) are arranged alternately with a plurality of ignition bars (6).
5. Uberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Beschichtung (7) die gesamte Innenfläche des Isolators bedeckt.5. surge arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating (7) the entire inner surface of the Insulator covered.
6. Uberspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Beschichtungsmaterial zusätzlich dielektrische oder ferroelektrische Kristalle (8) enthält. 6. Surge arrester according to one of claims 1 to 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the coating material additionally contains dielectric or ferroelectric crystals (8).
EP94915504A 1993-05-26 1994-05-18 Gas-filled overvoltage diverter Expired - Lifetime EP0700589B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4318994 1993-05-26
DE4318994A DE4318994C2 (en) 1993-05-26 1993-05-26 Gas-filled surge arrester
PCT/DE1994/000589 WO1994028607A1 (en) 1993-05-26 1994-05-18 Gas-filled overvoltage diverter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0700589A1 true EP0700589A1 (en) 1996-03-13
EP0700589B1 EP0700589B1 (en) 1998-07-22

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Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5671114A (en)
EP (1) EP0700589B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2762399B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1039612C (en)
DE (2) DE4318994C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1994028607A1 (en)

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EP0700589B1 (en) 1998-07-22
JPH08506449A (en) 1996-07-09
WO1994028607A1 (en) 1994-12-08
DE4318994A1 (en) 1994-12-08
CN1039612C (en) 1998-08-26
DE59406511D1 (en) 1998-08-27
US5671114A (en) 1997-09-23
JP2762399B2 (en) 1998-06-04
CN1124540A (en) 1996-06-12
DE4318994C2 (en) 1995-04-20

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