EP0062782B1 - Gas-discharge overvoltage arrester - Google Patents

Gas-discharge overvoltage arrester Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0062782B1
EP0062782B1 EP82102294A EP82102294A EP0062782B1 EP 0062782 B1 EP0062782 B1 EP 0062782B1 EP 82102294 A EP82102294 A EP 82102294A EP 82102294 A EP82102294 A EP 82102294A EP 0062782 B1 EP0062782 B1 EP 0062782B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ignition
streak
arrester
gas
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82102294A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0062782A1 (en
Inventor
Hartwig Dipl.-Phys. Munt
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0062782A1 publication Critical patent/EP0062782A1/en
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Publication of EP0062782B1 publication Critical patent/EP0062782B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester with a gas-tight housing in which cone-shaped electrodes face each other forming a gap, which are inserted into the ends of a tubular insulating body, on the inside of which there is at least one line of electrically conductive material as an ignition line over part of the tube length in the direction extends from one to the other electrode and is connected to an electrode.
  • Such a surge arrester is known from DE-AS 23 46 174.
  • the response voltage should be unaffected by the distance from the ignition line to the counter electrode.
  • the priming line connected to the one electrode extends beyond the height of the gap and the distance between the priming line and the counter electrode is greater than the gap between the two electrodes.
  • arresters that do not contain radioactive substances have the following property: If the arresters are brought from the bright room into the dark, their ignition voltage is about 2% above that at room brightness. If the arresters are in the dark for several hours or days, their ignition voltage rises to twice the value, with the collective scattering between 2% and 100% drift.
  • radioactive preparations are suitable for the pre-ionization of the gas filling, the half-life of which is of the order of the component life.
  • tritium is also used as the gas and promethium 147 or radium 226 as the solid substance.
  • the serious disadvantage of using radioactive preparations is that because of their powdery or gaseous nature there is always the possibility of contamination of the environment. Radioactive substances therefore require extensive safety precautions from the manufacturer of arresters as well as from their customers. The disposal of defective arresters is also problematic.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a gas discharge surge arrester in which no radioactive substances are used and which has only the 2% drift of the ignition voltage in the dark, which is caused by the dependence of the triggering coefficient on the light.
  • a surge arrester of the type mentioned at the outset that the ignition line 3 is electrically conductively connected at both ends to the respective electrode 1, 2 and preferably has an interruption outside the gap space, the length (I) of which is less than that Gap length (c).
  • the electrodes are provided with an activating compound on their active surfaces, the triggering coefficient of which is greater than the triggering coefficient of the material of the primer, for which pencil graphite is particularly suitable.
  • tubular insulating body is made of glass, it is advantageous to roughen the insulating body at least on its inside by etching to apply the primer.
  • the distances between the ignition lines are first made too small and, after the arrester has been sealed gas-tight, they are burned to the desired size by applying a voltage and igniting the arrester. It is expedient to add 0.1% to 10% oxygen to the gas atmosphere of the arrester when the electrodes melt, so that the combustion of the graphite used as the material for the primer is accelerated.
  • a free electron is sufficient to ignite the arrester, and this does not necessarily have to come from a radioactive substance, but may have been generated as a result of the radiation or the activation mass or the field emission on the arrester electrodes or the field emission along the break in the ignition.
  • the surge arrester shown schematically in section in the figure consists of egg Nem gas-tight housing in which frusto-conical electrodes 1, 2 form a gap opposite each other, which are inserted into the ends of a tubular insulating body 4.
  • frusto-conical electrodes 1, 2 form a gap opposite each other, which are inserted into the ends of a tubular insulating body 4.
  • the ignition line 3 is connected to both electrodes 1, 2.
  • the ignition line 3 is interrupted outside the combustion chamber over the length 1, 1 being smaller than the electrode distance c.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überspannungsableiter mit einem gasdichten Gehäuse, in dem kegelstrumpfförmige Elektroden einen Spalt bildend einander gegenüberstehen, die in die Enden eines rohrförmigen Isolierkörpers eingesetzt sind, auf dessen Innenseite sich mindestens ein Strich aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material als Zündstrich über einen Teil der Rohrlänge in Richtung von der einen zur anderen Elektrode erstreckt und mit einer Elektrode verbunden ist.The invention relates to a surge arrester with a gas-tight housing in which cone-shaped electrodes face each other forming a gap, which are inserted into the ends of a tubular insulating body, on the inside of which there is at least one line of electrically conductive material as an ignition line over part of the tube length in the direction extends from one to the other electrode and is connected to an electrode.

Ein derartiger Überspannungsableiter ist aus der DE-AS 23 46 174 bekannt. Bei diesem Überspannungsableiter soll die Ansprechspannung vom Abstand des Zündstriches zur Gegenelektrode unbeeinflußt sein. Hierzu ist vorgesehen, daß der mit der einen Elektrode verbundene Zündstrich sich über die Höhe des Spaltes hinaus erstreckt und der Abstand des Zündstriches zur Gegenelektrode größer als der Spalt zwischen den beiden Elektroden ist.Such a surge arrester is known from DE-AS 23 46 174. With this surge arrester, the response voltage should be unaffected by the distance from the ignition line to the counter electrode. For this purpose, it is provided that the priming line connected to the one electrode extends beyond the height of the gap and the distance between the priming line and the counter electrode is greater than the gap between the two electrodes.

Es besteht seit langem der Wunsch, Überspannungsableiter einzusetzen, deren Zündspannung im Hellen wie im Dunkeln gleiche Werte hat. Ableiter, die keine radioaktiven Stoffe enthalten, haben jedoch folgende Eigenschaft: Bringt man die Ableiter vom hellen Raum ins Dunkle, so liegt ihre Zündspannung etwa 2% oberhalb der bei Raumhelligkeit. Liegen die Ableiter mehrere Stunden oder Tage im Dunkeln, so steigt ihre Zündspannung bis auf den doppelten Wert, wobei das Kollektiv streut zwischen 2 % und 100 % Drift.There has long been a desire to use surge arresters whose ignition voltage has the same values in both light and dark. However, arresters that do not contain radioactive substances have the following property: If the arresters are brought from the bright room into the dark, their ignition voltage is about 2% above that at room brightness. If the arresters are in the dark for several hours or days, their ignition voltage rises to twice the value, with the collective scattering between 2% and 100% drift.

Um Überspannungsableiter im Dunkeln einsetzen zu können, wurden bisher radioaktive Stoffe im Ableiter verwendet. Gasentladungsröhren, insbesondere Überspannungsableiter, dieser Art gehen beispielsweise aus der DE-AS 1 188 708 als bekannt hervor. Zur Vorionisation der Gasfüllung, die z. B. aus Argon oder Helium besteht, ist auf der Innenseite eines rohrförmigen Isolierkörpers im Bereich zwischen den Elektroden ein ringförmiges Band aus Nickel 63 aufgebracht. Auch Krypton hat sich zur Vorionisation bewährt.In order to be able to use surge arresters in the dark, radioactive substances have so far been used in the arrester. Gas discharge tubes, in particular surge arresters, of this type are known, for example, from DE-AS 1 188 708. For pre-ionization of the gas filling, the z. B. consists of argon or helium, an annular band of nickel 63 is applied to the inside of a tubular insulating body in the area between the electrodes. Krypton has also proven itself for pre-ionization.

Zur Vorionisation der Gasfüllung sind praktisch alle festen oder gasförmigen radioaktiven Präparate geeignet, deren Halbwertszeit in der Größenordnung der Bauelementslebensdauer liegt. Als Gase werden neben Krypton 85 auch Tritium und als feste Stoffe Promethium 147 oder Radium 226 verwendet. Der schwerwiegende Nachteil der Verwendung radioaktiver Präparate besteht darin, daß wegen deren pulver- oder gasförmiger Beschaffenheit immer die Möglichkeit einer Kontamination der Umgebung besteht. Radioaktive Stoffe erfordern daher umfangreiche Sicherheitsvorkehrungen beim Hersteller von Ableitern wie bei dessen Abnehmern. Außerdem ist die Entsorgung von defekten Ableitern problematisch. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter zu schaffen, bei dem keine radioaktiven Stoffe verwendet werden und der im Dunkeln nur die 2 % Drift der Zündspannung hat, die durch die Abhängigkeit des Auslösekoeffizienten vom Licht verursacht wird. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist bei einem Überspannungsableiter der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß der Zündstrich 3 an beiden Enden mit der jeweiligen Elektrode 1, 2 elektrisch leitend verbunden ist und eine Unterbrechung vorzugsweise außerhalb des Spaltraumes aufweist, deren Länge (I) kleiner als die Spaltlänge (c) ist.Practically all solid or gaseous radioactive preparations are suitable for the pre-ionization of the gas filling, the half-life of which is of the order of the component life. In addition to krypton 85, tritium is also used as the gas and promethium 147 or radium 226 as the solid substance. The serious disadvantage of using radioactive preparations is that because of their powdery or gaseous nature there is always the possibility of contamination of the environment. Radioactive substances therefore require extensive safety precautions from the manufacturer of arresters as well as from their customers. The disposal of defective arresters is also problematic. The invention has for its object to provide a gas discharge surge arrester in which no radioactive substances are used and which has only the 2% drift of the ignition voltage in the dark, which is caused by the dependence of the triggering coefficient on the light. To solve this problem, it is provided according to the invention in a surge arrester of the type mentioned at the outset that the ignition line 3 is electrically conductively connected at both ends to the respective electrode 1, 2 and preferably has an interruption outside the gap space, the length (I) of which is less than that Gap length (c).

Die Elektroden sind dabei auf ihren aktiven Oberflächen mit einer Aktivierungsmasse versehen, deren Auslösekoeffizient größer ist als der Auslösekoeffizient des Materials des Zündstriches, für das Bleistiftgraphit besonders geeignet ist.The electrodes are provided with an activating compound on their active surfaces, the triggering coefficient of which is greater than the triggering coefficient of the material of the primer, for which pencil graphite is particularly suitable.

Sofern der rohrförmige Isolierkörper aus Glas besteht, ist es vorteilhaft zum Aufbringen des Zündstriches den Isolierkörper zumindest auf seiner Innenseite durch Ätzen aufzurauhen.If the tubular insulating body is made of glass, it is advantageous to roughen the insulating body at least on its inside by etching to apply the primer.

Bei einem bevorzugten Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Überspannungsableiters mit einer Unterbrechung des Zündstriches werden die Zündstrichabstände zunächst zu klein gemacht und nach gasdichtem Verschließen des Ableiters durch Anlegen einer Spannung und Zündung des Ableiters auf Sollmaß abgebrannt. Dabei ist es zweckmäßig, der Gasatmosphäre des Ableiters beim Einschmelzen der Elektroden 0,1 % bis 10 % Sauerstoff hinzuzufügen, so daß die Verbrennung des als Material für den Zündstrich verwendeten Grafits beschleunigt wird.In a preferred method for producing a surge arrester with an interruption in the ignition line, the distances between the ignition lines are first made too small and, after the arrester has been sealed gas-tight, they are burned to the desired size by applying a voltage and igniting the arrester. It is expedient to add 0.1% to 10% oxygen to the gas atmosphere of the arrester when the electrodes melt, so that the combustion of the graphite used as the material for the primer is accelerated.

Bei der vorliegenden Erfindung wird von folgenden Erkenntnissen ausgegangen :

  • In jedem Ableiter-Kollektiv sind Exemplare vorhanden, die auch ohne radioaktive Stoffe gute Zündeigenschaften im Dunkeln haben.
The following findings are used in the present invention:
  • Every arrester collective contains specimens that have good ignition properties in the dark even without radioactive substances.

Die Berechnung der Laufzeit von Elektronen und Ionen im Ableiter zeigt, daß beim Anlegen einer Spannung von z. B. 15 Volt alle Elektronen in 1 ns und alle Ionen in wenigen N,s aus dem Gasraum an die Elektroden gelangen und neutralisiert werden. Ableiter ohne radioaktive Stoffe müßten daher unmittelbar nach Einbringen ins Dunkle bei Anlegen der sägezahnförmig ansteigenden Zündspannung ihre hohen Zündverzögerungen haben und nicht erst Stunden oder Tage später.The calculation of the transit time of electrons and ions in the arrester shows that when a voltage of z. B. 15 volts all electrons in 1 ns and all ions in a few N , s from the gas space to the electrodes and neutralized. Arresters without radioactive substances should therefore have their high ignition delays immediately after being introduced into the dark when the sawtooth-shaped ignition voltage is applied, and not hours or days later.

Außerdem reicht ein freies Elektron, um den Ableiter durchzuzünden, und dies muß nicht unbedingt von einer radioaktiven Substanz kommen, sondern kann infolge der Höhenstrahlung oder der Aktivierungsmasse oder auch der Feldemission auf den Ableiterelektroden oder der Feldemission längs der Zündstrichunterbrechung generiert worden sein.In addition, a free electron is sufficient to ignite the arrester, and this does not necessarily have to come from a radioactive substance, but may have been generated as a result of the radiation or the activation mass or the field emission on the arrester electrodes or the field emission along the break in the ignition.

Anhand eines in der Figur der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels soll die Erfindung weiter erläutert werden.The invention will be further explained on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the figure of the drawing.

Der in der Figur schematisch im Schnitt dargestellte Überspannungsableiter besteht aus einem gasdichten Gehäuse, in dem kegelstumpfförmig Elektroden 1, 2 einen Spalt bildend einander gegenüberstehen, die in die Enden eines rohrförmigen Isolierkörpers 4 eingesetzt sind. Auf der Innenseite des Isolierkörpers 4 erstreckt sich mindestens ein Strich aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material als Zündstrich 3 über einen Teil der Rohrlänge in Richtung von der einen Elektrode zur anderen Elektrode und ist mit der jeweiligen Elektrode elektrisch leitend verbunden.The surge arrester shown schematically in section in the figure consists of egg Nem gas-tight housing in which frusto-conical electrodes 1, 2 form a gap opposite each other, which are inserted into the ends of a tubular insulating body 4. On the inside of the insulating body 4, at least one line of electrically conductive material extends as an ignition line 3 over part of the tube length in the direction from one electrode to the other electrode and is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the respective electrode.

Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Zündstrich 3 mit beiden Elektroden 1, 2 verbunden. Hier ist der Zündstrich 3 außerhalb des Brennraumes über die Länge 1 unterbrochen, wobei 1 kleiner als der Elektrodenabstand c ist.In the illustrated embodiment, the ignition line 3 is connected to both electrodes 1, 2. Here the ignition line 3 is interrupted outside the combustion chamber over the length 1, 1 being smaller than the electrode distance c.

Claims (6)

1. An overvoltage arrester comprising a gas-tight housing in which electrodes (1, 2), which are shaped like truncated cones, are arranged opposite to one another to form a gap, and are inserted into the ends of a tubular insulating body (4) on the inner wall of which at least one streak (3) made of an electrically conductive material extends as an ignition streak over part of the length of the tube in the direction from one to the other electrode and is connected to one electrode, characterised in that the ignition streak (3) is electrically conductively connected at each end to the respective electrode (1, 2) and has a break, preferably outside the gap space, the length (1) of said break being smaller than the length (c) of the gap.
2. An overvoltage arrester as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that on their active surfaces, the electrodes (1, 2) are provided with an activating material, the emission coefficient of which is greater than the emission coefficient of the material of the ignition streak (3).
3. An overvoltage arrester as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that the ignition streak (3) consists of pencil lead graphite.
4. An overvoltage arrester as claimed in one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the tubular insulating body (4) is made of glass and is roughened by etching at least on its inner side.
5. A process for the production of an overvoltage arrester having a break in the ignition streak, as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the ignition streak intervals are first made too small and after the arrester has been sealed in gas-tight manner they are burned off down to the theoretical value by connecting a voltage and igniting the arrester.
6. A process as claimed in Claim 5, characterised in that, by melting of the electrodes (1, 2), 0.1 % to 10 % of oxygen is added to the gas atmosphere of the arrester so that the combustion of the graphite used as a material for the ignition streak (3) is accelerated.
EP82102294A 1981-04-02 1982-03-19 Gas-discharge overvoltage arrester Expired EP0062782B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3113349 1981-04-02
DE19813113349 DE3113349A1 (en) 1981-04-02 1981-04-02 GAS DISCHARGE SURGE ARRESTER

Publications (2)

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EP0062782A1 EP0062782A1 (en) 1982-10-20
EP0062782B1 true EP0062782B1 (en) 1985-08-28

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EP82102294A Expired EP0062782B1 (en) 1981-04-02 1982-03-19 Gas-discharge overvoltage arrester

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US (1) US4466043A (en)
EP (1) EP0062782B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57176679A (en)
CA (1) CA1189900A (en)
DE (2) DE3113349A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11769991B2 (en) 2021-10-05 2023-09-26 Unison Industries, Llc Glow discharge tube with a set of electrodes within a gas-sealed envelope

Families Citing this family (9)

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US4680665A (en) * 1985-12-03 1987-07-14 Reliance Comm/Tec Corporation Gas discharge arrester
JPH077699B2 (en) * 1987-06-19 1995-01-30 松下電工株式会社 Method of manufacturing surge absorber
GB2228822A (en) * 1989-03-01 1990-09-05 Gen Electric Co Plc Electronic devices.
FR2754637A1 (en) * 1991-03-19 1998-04-17 Thomson Csf Optical detector with protection against electromagnetic pulse
JPH10335042A (en) * 1997-03-31 1998-12-18 Shinko Electric Ind Co Ltd Discharge tube
CN104637760B (en) * 2015-01-29 2017-01-11 镇江米青机电有限公司 Line drawing machine fixture
CN104637761B (en) * 2015-01-29 2017-01-11 镇江米青机电有限公司 Porcelain tube automatic line drawing device
JP6884517B2 (en) 2016-06-15 2021-06-09 キヤノン株式会社 Information processing equipment, information processing methods and programs
RU198751U1 (en) * 2019-12-09 2020-07-28 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" CONTROLLED VACUUM PROTECTION ARRESTER

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11769991B2 (en) 2021-10-05 2023-09-26 Unison Industries, Llc Glow discharge tube with a set of electrodes within a gas-sealed envelope

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1189900A (en) 1985-07-02
DE3113349A1 (en) 1982-10-21
JPH033353B2 (en) 1991-01-18
DE3265726D1 (en) 1985-10-03
US4466043A (en) 1984-08-14
JPS57176679A (en) 1982-10-30
EP0062782A1 (en) 1982-10-20

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