EP0700589B1 - Gas-filled overvoltage diverter - Google Patents

Gas-filled overvoltage diverter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0700589B1
EP0700589B1 EP94915504A EP94915504A EP0700589B1 EP 0700589 B1 EP0700589 B1 EP 0700589B1 EP 94915504 A EP94915504 A EP 94915504A EP 94915504 A EP94915504 A EP 94915504A EP 0700589 B1 EP0700589 B1 EP 0700589B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
strips
electrodes
gas
alkali
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94915504A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0700589A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang DÄUMER
Jürgen Boy
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP0700589A1 publication Critical patent/EP0700589A1/en
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Publication of EP0700589B1 publication Critical patent/EP0700589B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of electronic components and is in the design of gas-filled surge arresters apply where to ensure the Ignition properties of the electrodes with an activation compound are coated and on the wall of the insulating body axially selling primers and an additional one Ionization source made of an electroluminescent material are upset.
  • priming lines On the Inner wall are several in the axial direction of the ceramic insulator extending priming lines arranged as so-called center priming lines designed without direct formation on the electrodes are (US-PS 4,266,260 / DE-PS 28 28 650).
  • center priming lines designed without direct formation on the electrodes
  • gas-filled surge arresters that during its operation in a against external light encapsulated space are arranged on the inner wall of the Isolators an additional source of ionization in the form of a to arrange punctiform deposition from a radioactive material.
  • the gas filling of the surge arrester consist of a radioactive gas (US-PS 3,755,715).
  • this coating can be constructed in four layers with layers of an electrically conductive lacquer Barium titanate, made of an electroluminescent phosphor based on zinc or cadmium and made of a transparent Lead material.
  • an electrically conductive lacquer Barium titanate made of an electroluminescent phosphor based on zinc or cadmium and made of a transparent Lead material.
  • a variety of alternating capacitor electrodes connected to the two main electrodes from an electroluminescent layer be covered (see Figures 4 and 6 of WO-A-90 05 398).
  • the invention provides that the coating is strip-shaped and several Coating strips alternating with the streaks are arranged and that the coating strips made of a material based on alkali and / or alkaline earth halides exist and a thickness of about 50 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the coating provided according to the invention can for example potassium and sodium bromide, potassium and sodium chloride as well as sodium fluoride and barium chloride (Opt. Spectrosc. (USSR) 51 (2), Aug. 1981, pages 165 - 168).
  • alkali fluorides come as the basic substance and bromides into consideration, the addition of an alkaline earth metal chloride contain. The amount should be 5 up to 30% atomic%.
  • the coating required with regard to melting process the melting temperature can be controlled specifically.
  • Such a coating is due to its direct Connection to the two electrodes of the surge arrester and due to the choice of materials able to the surge arrester an increased number of primary To provide load carriers so that when reached the ignition voltage the start of the gas discharge without time delay is initiated.
  • the material of the coating is also dielectric or ferroelectric crystals, for example based on Titanium or aluminum oxide or of barium titanate, lithium niobate or lithium tantalate. Through such crystals, which have a grain size of about 10 - 30 ⁇ m, is on whose interface generates an increased charge density, which increases a higher current flow in the electroluminescent coating and thus leads to a higher photon yield.
  • the strips forming the electroluminescent coating which are arranged in alternation with several dashes can have a width of 1 to 5 mm.
  • the surge arrester according to Figure 1 consists of the two cup-shaped electrodes 1 and 2, the front are soldered into the ceramic insulator 3.
  • the active ones Surfaces of electrodes 1 and 2 are with an activating mass 4 coated in superficial depressions the electrodes are embedded.
  • This activation mass is a common mass based on alkali or alkaline earth halides with a metal additive such as one Barium aluminum alloy, titanium, molybdenum and / or nickel.
  • the surge arrester is filled with a gas 5 on the Base of argon and / or neon, optionally with an additive of hydrogen.
  • the coating of the inner surface the ceramic insulator 3 from strips 9, which alternate with Dash lines 6 are arranged.
  • two or four squibs 6 and two or four coating strips 9 be present.
  • crystals 8 are in the coating strips 9 embedded.
  • the heat treatment causes the coating material to melt; this melting is necessary for the later effectiveness of the coating.

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  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der elektronischen Bauelemente und ist bei der Gestaltung von gasgefüllten Überspannungsableitern anzuwenden, bei denen zur Sicherstellung der Zündeigenschaften die Elektroden mit einer Aktivierungsmasse beschichtet sind und auf die Wandung des Isolierkörpers axial verkaufende Zündstriche und eine zusätzliche Ionisationsquelle aus einem elektrolumineszierenden Material aufgebracht sind.The invention is in the field of electronic components and is in the design of gas-filled surge arresters apply where to ensure the Ignition properties of the electrodes with an activation compound are coated and on the wall of the insulating body axially selling primers and an additional one Ionization source made of an electroluminescent material are upset.

Um bei mit Edelgas gefüllten Überspannungsableitern das jeweils gewünschte Betriebsverhalten wie Zündspannung, Ansprechzeit, statische Ansprechspannung und dynamische Ansprechspannung, Löschspannung und Glimmbrennspannung zu gewährleisten, müssen unterschiedliche Maßnahme wie konstruktive Gestaltung der Elektroden, Art und Druck der Gasfüllung und Auswahl der auf den aktiven Oberflächen der Elektroden angeordneten Aktivierungsmasse aufeinander abgestimmt werden. Zur Erzeugung definitiver Zündverhältnisse ist es dabei weiterhin üblich, auf der Innenwand des Glas- oder KeramikIsolators einen oder mehrere Zündstriche anzuordnen und gegebenenfalls eine spezielle Ionisationsquelle vorzusehen. So ist beispielsweise ein Überspannungsableiter bekannt, der zwei stirnseitig in einen Keramikisolator eingesetzte Elektroden aufweist, deren einander zugewandte Elektrodenflächen mit einer Aktivierungsmasse beschichtet sind, wobei diese in Vertiefungen der Elektrodenoberfläche angeordnet ist. Auf der Innenwand sind mehrere in Achsrichtung des Keramikisolators verlaufende Zündstriche angeordnet, die als sogenannte Mittelzündstriche ohne direkte Anbildung an die Elektroden ausgestaltet sind (US-PS 4,266,260/ DE-PS 28 28 650). Weiterhin ist es üblich, bei gasgefüllten Überspannungsableitern, die während ihres Betriebes in einem gegen äußere Lichteinwirkung abgekapselten Raum angeordnet sind, auf der Innenwand des Isolators eine zusätzliche Ionisationsquelle in Form einer punktförmigen Ablagerung aus einem radioaktiven Material anzuordnen. Alternativ kann die Gasfüllung des Überspannungsableiters aus einem radioaktiven Gas bestehen (US-PS 3,755,715). - Um die Verwendung einer radiaktiven Ionisationsquelle zu vermeiden, ist bereits vorgeschlagen worden, auf die äußere oder innere Umfangsfläche des Isolators ganzflächig eine lichtemittierende Beschichtung aufzubringen. Im Falle der Anordnung auf der inneren Umfangsfläche des Isolators kann diese Beschichtung vierschichtig aufgebaut sein mit Schichten aus einem elektrisch leitenden Lack, aus Bariumtitanat, aus einem elektrolumineszierenden Leuchtstoff auf Zink- oder Cadmium-Basis und aus einem transparenten Leitmaterial. Alternativ können eine Vielzahl von abwechselnd an die beiden Haupt-Elektroden angebundenen Kondensator-Elektroden von einer elektrolumineszierenden Schicht überdeckt sein (siehe Figuren 4 und 6 der WO-A-90 05 398).This is the case with surge arresters filled with inert gas desired operating behavior such as ignition voltage, response time, static response voltage and dynamic response voltage, To ensure extinguishing voltage and glow burning voltage need different measure like constructive Design of the electrodes, type and pressure of the gas filling and selection of the electrodes on the active surfaces arranged activation mass can be coordinated. It continues to generate definitive ignition conditions usual, on the inner wall of the glass or ceramic insulator to arrange one or more dash lines and if necessary to provide a special ionization source. So For example, a surge arrester is known two electrodes inserted in a ceramic insulator at the front has, the mutually facing electrode surfaces are coated with an activation compound, these in Wells of the electrode surface is arranged. On the Inner wall are several in the axial direction of the ceramic insulator extending priming lines arranged as so-called center priming lines designed without direct formation on the electrodes are (US-PS 4,266,260 / DE-PS 28 28 650). Farther it is common for gas-filled surge arresters that during its operation in a against external light encapsulated space are arranged on the inner wall of the Isolators an additional source of ionization in the form of a to arrange punctiform deposition from a radioactive material. Alternatively, the gas filling of the surge arrester consist of a radioactive gas (US-PS 3,755,715). - To use a radioactive ionization source to avoid has already been suggested on the outer or inner circumferential surface of the insulator over the entire surface to apply a light-emitting coating. in the If arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the insulator this coating can be constructed in four layers with layers of an electrically conductive lacquer Barium titanate, made of an electroluminescent phosphor based on zinc or cadmium and made of a transparent Lead material. Alternatively, a variety of alternating capacitor electrodes connected to the two main electrodes from an electroluminescent layer be covered (see Figures 4 and 6 of WO-A-90 05 398).

Ausgehend von einem Überspannungsableiter mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruches 1 liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die lichtemittierende Beschichtung so zu modifizieren, daß ihre Wirkung und ihre Eigenschaften den praktischen Bedürfnissen genügen. Starting from a surge arrester with the characteristics of the preamble of claim 1 lies the invention based on the task of making the light-emitting coating so to modify that their effect and properties the practical needs are sufficient.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist gemäß der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß die Beschichtung streifenförmig ausgebildet ist und mehrere Beschichtungsstreifen im Wechsel mit den Zündstrichen angeordnet sind und daß die Beschichtungsstreifen aus einem Material auf der Basis von Alkali- und/oder Erdalkali-Halogeniden bestehen und eine Dicke von etwa 50 bis 500 µm aufweisen. To achieve this object, the invention provides that the coating is strip-shaped and several Coating strips alternating with the streaks are arranged and that the coating strips made of a material based on alkali and / or alkaline earth halides exist and a thickness of about 50 to 500 µm.

Für die gemaß der Erfindung vorgesehene Beschichtung können beispielsweise Kalium- und Natriumbromid, Kalium- und Natriumchlorid sowie Natriumfluorid und Bariumchlorid verwendet werden (Opt. Spectrosc. (USSR) 51 (2), Aug. 1981, Seiten 165 - 168). Insbesondere kommen als Grundsubstanz Alkali-Fluoride und -Bromide in Betracht, die eine Beigabe eines Erdalkalichlorids enthalten. Die Beigabe sollte in einer Menge von 5 bis 30 % Atom-% vorliegen. Durch diese Beigabe kann der zum Aufbringen der Beschichtung erforderliche Schmelzprozeß hinsichtlich der Schmelztemperatur gezielt gesteuert werden.For the coating provided according to the invention can for example potassium and sodium bromide, potassium and sodium chloride as well as sodium fluoride and barium chloride (Opt. Spectrosc. (USSR) 51 (2), Aug. 1981, pages 165 - 168). In particular, alkali fluorides come as the basic substance and bromides into consideration, the addition of an alkaline earth metal chloride contain. The amount should be 5 up to 30% atomic%. With this addition, the can Application of the coating required with regard to melting process the melting temperature can be controlled specifically.

Eine derart ausgebildete Beschichtung ist aufgrund ihrer direkten Anbindung an die beiden Elektroden des Überspannungsableiters und aufgrund der Materialauswahl in der Lage, in dem Überspannungsableiter eine erhöhte Anzahl von primären Ladungsträgern zur Verfügung zu stellen, damit bei Erreichen der Zündspannung der Start der Gasentladung ohne Zeitverzögerung eingeleitet wird. Zur Verstärkung dieses Effektes kann das Material der Beschichtung zusätzlich dielektrische oder ferroelektrische Kristalle, beispielsweise auf der Basis von Titan- oder Aluminiumoxid oder von Bariumtitanat, Lithiumniobat oder Lithiumtantalat, enthalten. Durch derartige Kristalle, die eine Korngröße von etwa 10 - 30 µm haben, wird an deren Grenzfläche eine erhöhte Ladungsdichte erzeugt, die zu einem höheren Stromfluß in der elektrolumineszierenden Beschichtung und damit zu einer höheren Photonenausbeute führt.Such a coating is due to its direct Connection to the two electrodes of the surge arrester and due to the choice of materials able to the surge arrester an increased number of primary To provide load carriers so that when reached the ignition voltage the start of the gas discharge without time delay is initiated. To reinforce this effect the material of the coating is also dielectric or ferroelectric crystals, for example based on Titanium or aluminum oxide or of barium titanate, lithium niobate or lithium tantalate. Through such crystals, which have a grain size of about 10 - 30 µm, is on whose interface generates an increased charge density, which increases a higher current flow in the electroluminescent coating and thus leads to a higher photon yield.

Die die elektrolumineszierende Beschichtung bildenden Streifen, die im Wechsel mit mehreren Zündstrichen angeordnet sind, können eine Breite von 1 bis 5 mm haben.The strips forming the electroluminescent coating which are arranged in alternation with several dashes can have a width of 1 to 5 mm.

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele des neuen Überspannungsableiters sind in den Figuren 1 bis 3 dargestellt. Dabei zeigt

Figur 1
einen Überspannungsableiter mit innen auf den Isolator aufgebrachten Beschichtungsstreifen,
Figur 2
ausschnittsweise die Abwicklung der Innenoberfläche des Keramikisolators, der abwechselnd mit Zündstrichen und lumineszierenden Streifen beschichtet ist und
Figur 3
einen mit Kristallen angereicherten Beschichtungsstreifen.
Two exemplary embodiments of the new surge arrester are shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. It shows
Figure 1
a surge arrester with coating strips applied to the inside of the insulator,
Figure 2
sections of the development of the inner surface of the ceramic insulator, which is alternately coated with primers and luminescent strips and
Figure 3
a coating strip enriched with crystals.

Der Überspannungsableiter gemäß Figur 1 besteht aus den beiden napf förmig gestalteten Elektroden 1 und 2, die stirnseitig in den Keramikisolator 3 eingelötet sind. Die aktiven Oberflächen der Elektroden 1 und 2 sind mit einer Aktivierungsmasse 4 beschichtet, die in oberflächliche Vertiefungen der Elektroden eingebettet ist. Bei dieser Aktivierungsmasse handelt es sich um eine übliche Masse auf der Basis von Alkali- oder Erdalkali-Halogeniden mit einem Metallzusatz wie einer Bariumaluminiumlegierung, Titan, Molybdän und/oder Nikkel.The surge arrester according to Figure 1 consists of the two cup-shaped electrodes 1 and 2, the front are soldered into the ceramic insulator 3. The active ones Surfaces of electrodes 1 and 2 are with an activating mass 4 coated in superficial depressions the electrodes are embedded. With this activation mass is a common mass based on alkali or alkaline earth halides with a metal additive such as one Barium aluminum alloy, titanium, molybdenum and / or nickel.

Der Überspannungsableiter ist mit einer Gasfüllung 5 auf der Basis von Argon und/oder Neon, gegebenenfalls mit einem Zusatz von Wasserstoff, versehen.The surge arrester is filled with a gas 5 on the Base of argon and / or neon, optionally with an additive of hydrogen.

Auf die Innenwand des Isolators 3 sind Graphitzündstriche 6 aufgebracht, bei denen es sich um sogenannte Mittelzündstriche handelt, die an keine der beiden Elektroden angebunden sind. Auf die Innenwand des Keramikisolators sind weiterhin Beschichtungsstreifen 9 aus einem elektrolumineszierenden Material aufgebracht, wobei diese Beschichtungsstreifen die beiden Elektroden 1 und 2 kontaktieren.On the inner wall of the insulator 3 are graphite stripes 6 applied, which are so-called center streaks acts, which is not connected to either of the two electrodes are. On the inner wall of the ceramic insulator are still Coating strip 9 made of an electroluminescent material applied, these coating strips the Contact both electrodes 1 and 2.

Gemäß Figur 2 besteht die Beschichtung der Innenoberfläche des Keramikisolators 3 aus Streifen 9, die im Wechsel mit Zündstrichen 6 angeordnet sind. Beispielsweise können zwei oder vier Zündstriche 6 und zwei oder vier Beschichtungsstreifen 9 vorhanden sein.According to Figure 2, the coating of the inner surface the ceramic insulator 3 from strips 9, which alternate with Dash lines 6 are arranged. For example, two or four squibs 6 and two or four coating strips 9 be present.

Gemäß Figur 3 sind in die Beschichtungsstreifen 9 Kristalle 8 eingebettet.According to FIG. 3, crystals 8 are in the coating strips 9 embedded.

Das Aufbringen der Beschichtungsstreifen 9 erfolgt durch Auftragen einer pastenartigen wässrigen Lösung von beispielsweise Natriumfluorid mit einer Beigabe von Bariumchlorid (z.B. 1 g = 0,024 Mol NaF; 1,25 g = 0,006 Mol BaCl2) und durch eine Wärmebehandlung, beispielsweise im Zuge der Einlötung der Elektroden in den Keramikisolator. Die Wärmebehandlung bewirkt ein Aufschmelzen des Beschichtungsmaterials; dieses Aufschmelzen ist für die spätere Wirksamkeit der Beschichtung notwendig.The coating strips 9 are applied by applying a paste-like aqueous solution of, for example, sodium fluoride with the addition of barium chloride (for example 1 g = 0.024 mol of NaF; 1.25 g = 0.006 mol of BaCl 2 ) and by heat treatment, for example in the course of soldering in the Electrodes in the ceramic insulator. The heat treatment causes the coating material to melt; this melting is necessary for the later effectiveness of the coating.

Claims (4)

  1. Gas-filled surge diverter having at least one hollow-cylindrical insulator (3) and two electrodes (1,2) arranged at the end faces, with the electrodes being coated with an activation mass, and with several axially extending ignition strips (6) of graphite and an additional ionization source being applied to the inner surface of the insulator, and the additional ionization source comprising a coating (9) which connects the two electrodes and has an electroluminescent characteristic, characterized in that the coating is constructed in strips (9) and several coating strips (9) are arranged alternately with the ignition strips (6), and in that the coating strips (9) comprise a material on the base of alkali halides and/or alkaline earth halides and have a thickness of about 50 to 500 µm.
  2. Surge diverter according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the coating strips (9) comprise alkali fluorides and/or alkali bromides as the base substance with an addition of an alkaline earth chloride.
  3. Surge diverter according to claim 2,
    characterized in that the coating strips (9) comprise sodium fluoride with an addition of barium chloride.
  4. Surge diverter according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coating material additionally contains dielectric or ferroelectric crystals (8).
EP94915504A 1993-05-26 1994-05-18 Gas-filled overvoltage diverter Expired - Lifetime EP0700589B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4318994A DE4318994C2 (en) 1993-05-26 1993-05-26 Gas-filled surge arrester
DE4318994 1993-05-26
PCT/DE1994/000589 WO1994028607A1 (en) 1993-05-26 1994-05-18 Gas-filled overvoltage diverter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0700589A1 EP0700589A1 (en) 1996-03-13
EP0700589B1 true EP0700589B1 (en) 1998-07-22

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EP94915504A Expired - Lifetime EP0700589B1 (en) 1993-05-26 1994-05-18 Gas-filled overvoltage diverter

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5671114A (en)
EP (1) EP0700589B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2762399B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1039612C (en)
DE (2) DE4318994C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1994028607A1 (en)

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CH691245A5 (en) * 1996-01-12 2001-05-31 Epcos Ag Gas-filled discharge path.
DE19632417C1 (en) * 1996-08-05 1998-05-07 Siemens Ag Hydrogen-containing gas-filled surge diverter
DE29702309U1 (en) * 1997-01-31 1998-06-04 Siemens AG, 80333 München Gas-filled surge arrester with two cup-like electrodes
DE19804851C1 (en) * 1998-01-30 1999-11-04 Siemens Ag Gas-filled discharge path e.g. for overvoltage diverter with ceramic insulator
US6194820B1 (en) 1998-02-20 2001-02-27 Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. Discharge tube having switching spark gap
JP2001093644A (en) * 1999-07-16 2001-04-06 Shinko Electric Ind Co Ltd Discharge tube
EP1788680A4 (en) * 2004-07-15 2013-12-04 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Surge absorber
DE102005013499A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-10-05 Epcos Ag Gas filled discharge line
DE102005016848A1 (en) * 2005-04-12 2006-10-19 Epcos Ag Surge arresters
DE102005036265A1 (en) 2005-08-02 2007-02-08 Epcos Ag radio link
CN101297452A (en) 2005-09-14 2008-10-29 力特保险丝有限公司 Gas-filled surge arrester, activating compound, ignition stripes and method therefore
DE102008044845B4 (en) * 2008-08-28 2015-04-09 Epcos Ag Bias network
DE102013012842A1 (en) * 2013-08-02 2015-02-05 Epcos Ag Process for the production of a large number of arresters in the compound, arrester and arrester composite
JP6268928B2 (en) * 2013-10-30 2018-01-31 三菱マテリアル株式会社 Discharge tube and manufacturing method thereof

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DE2828650A1 (en) * 1978-06-29 1980-01-03 Siemens Ag SURGE ARRESTERS
EP0138082A1 (en) * 1983-09-30 1985-04-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas-discharge arrester and fabrication method
WO1990005398A1 (en) * 1988-11-10 1990-05-17 Cooper (Uk) Limited Surge arresters

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DE2828650A1 (en) * 1978-06-29 1980-01-03 Siemens Ag SURGE ARRESTERS
EP0138082A1 (en) * 1983-09-30 1985-04-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas-discharge arrester and fabrication method
WO1990005398A1 (en) * 1988-11-10 1990-05-17 Cooper (Uk) Limited Surge arresters

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0700589A1 (en) 1996-03-13
WO1994028607A1 (en) 1994-12-08
US5671114A (en) 1997-09-23
JPH08506449A (en) 1996-07-09
DE4318994C2 (en) 1995-04-20
JP2762399B2 (en) 1998-06-04
DE4318994A1 (en) 1994-12-08
CN1039612C (en) 1998-08-26
CN1124540A (en) 1996-06-12
DE59406511D1 (en) 1998-08-27

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